RNA

At 30 seconds of 20. Pandemic Influenza

Attachments

20. Pandemic Influenza
wikipedia

Parents

Biotechnology
Francois Jacob
Matthew Meselson
Molecular biology
Nucleic acids
Sydney Brenner

Children

1961 Meselson, Francois Jacob, and Sydney Brenner discovered the existence of messenger RNA in 1961.
1962 In 1962, with Erwin Fleissner, Borek showed that methyl groups in RNA that are essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes are introduced to RNA by methylating enzymes at the macro-molecular level.
1977 In his 1977 paper "Unconventional Viruses and the Origin and Disappearance of Kuru," Gajdusek postulated that the cause of kuru, scrapie and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease were caused by what he termed an unconventional virus. In comparison to normal viruses, unconventional viruses had a long incubation period and did not cause an immune response in the host. Although Gajdusek noted that there were no demonstrable nucleic acids in unconventional viruses, he did not rule out the possibility that unconventional viruses contained RNA at a low level, despite their radiation resistance.[3] These infectious agents were later discovered to be misfolded proteins, or prions.
1982 Hidesaburo Hanafusa shared the 1982 Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research with Harold E. Varmus and J. Michael Bishop for demonstrating how RNA tumor viruses cause cancer, and elucidating their role in combining, rescuing and maintaining...
2011 Yale Course - Pandemic Influenza
2017 RT - Russian biological samples 'collected for research' - US Air Force
2019 NYT - Bad News Wrapped in Protein: Inside the Coronavirus Genome
2020 New Scientist - We're beginning to understand the biology of the covid-19 virus
2020 Wondrium - The 1918 Spanish Flu- Conspiracy of Silence | Part 1 of 3
According to his concept, bulky methyl groups on certain bases along the nucleic acid chain might cause kinks and bends in genetically determined places on DNA and RNA molecules.
Antigenic drift
COVID-19 and RNA links
Dr. Borek's team has now shown, moreover, that none of the methylatable bases in one "breed" of RNA bears a methyl group, whereas a certain proportion of those bases...
He (Ogilvie) also developed a general method for the chemical synthesis of large RNA molecules, demonstrated by the first total chemical synthesis of a functional Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecule, which is still the basis for RNA synthesis worldwide.
Hypermutation (Hypermutability)
Ingmar Hoerr
Memory RNA
microRNA (miRNA)
Moreover, DNA and RNA each have four kinds of bases in them.
mRNA (Messenger RNA)
Nucleic acid sequence
Nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA)
Ralph Baric
Recent research out of the Netherlands has shown that the virus' genetic material, or RNA, can be detected in wastewater as much as two weeks before the first diagnosis of a sick patient by a doctor, said Peter Grevatt, a former...
Regulation of gene expression
Ribosomal RNA
Ribozyme
RNA interference (RNAi)
RNA methylation
RNA polymerase
RNA replicase
RNA splicing
RNA transfection
RNA vaccines
RNA virus
self-replicating RNA
Spliceosome
That is, a species could identify its own DNA. and RNA by their shapes and could exclude foreign, potentially harmful, ones such as those in viruses, by their very differentness of shape.
Thus, Dr. Borek feels, methy-' lated bases might give the DNA and RNA 'of each species their own distinctive shapes and in this way could help maintain the Individuality of a species.
Transfer RNA (tRNA and formerly referred to as sRNA, for soluble RNA)

Jumps

Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase

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