EMOTION Limbic System
<p class="default">Nov 27, 2009 4:17 PM  LIMBUS means border.
LIMBIC System includes the HIPPOCAMPUS, amydgala, anterior thalmaic nuclei
and limbic cortex , parahippocamp gyrus,  cingulate gyrus, fornix,  hypothalamus
Note:  LT Memory AND EMOTION.
 
Also considered a part of limbic system:  mammilary bodies,  pituitary, dentate gyrus,  entorhinal cortex,
olfactory bulb,  nucleus accumbens  (reward, pleasure, and addiction) and orbitofrontal cortex (decision making).
 
 
In an abstract topological sense, <b>each cortical hemisphere can be thought of as a sphere of gray matter, with a hole punched through it in the area where nerve fibers connect it to the subcortical structures of the basal forebrain. </b>The <b>hole is surrounded by a ring of cortical and noncortical areas that combine to make up the limbic system.</b> The cortical components generally have fewer layers than the classical 6-layered <a title="Neocortex" href="/wiki/Neocortex">neocortex</a>, and are often classified as <a title="Allocortex" href="/wiki/Allocortex">allocortex</a> or <a title="Archicortex" href="/wiki/Archicortex">archicortex</a>.
 
 
 
 
04:38 PM, August 07, 2007
 
Limbic system: see page 569 of John Nolte, the Human Brain.
Pointed out by Paul Broca 1878. Limbus ... border of the medial border of the hemisphere.
 
Connected to neocortex and to hypothalamus ... bridges autonomic system (hypothal) with thought in the neocortex.
 
 
See footnote at page 570: Stim. in ventral striatum, septal nucleus, medical forebrain bundle ... very pleasureable;
in contrast to periaqueductal gray matter => horror and pain.
 
The fornix is the most prominent hippocamp output pathway.
 
Hippocampus is TWO interlocking C's: the Cornu Ammonis and the dentate gyrus. (See diag on page 572 of Nolte). page 572
The entire hippo is 5 cm long in the inferior horn from its anterior end at the amygdala to its tapering posterior end near the splenium of the corpus callosum.
Numerous small blood vessels perforate it from the adjacent subarachnoid space and give the dentate gyrus its name (toothed or beaded appearance appearance
 
Entorhinal cortex is the principal source of inputs to the hippocampus.
EC gets inputs from cingulate gyrus from orbital cortex (via uncinate fascicuus) and from amygdala and other temporal lobe structures.
Finally there is contralat. input from the other hippocamp. via the hippocamp commissure (where the two crura of the fornix come together).
 
Jame Papez circuit: in 1937:
"the anterior thalamic nucleus projects to the cing. gyrus, thus completeing a great loop thru the diencepahalon and telencephalon.
Beginning in the hippocampus, the pathway proceeds thru the fornix to the mamillary body then to the anterior thalamic nucleus, then the cing. gyrus
and part of the parahippocamp gyrus (the entorhinal cortex)
cortex)
 
 
11:16 PM, July 16, 2007
 
cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.</p>