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Current & Former Space Stations

Here is a comprehensive list of space stations that have been launched, categorized by their respective programs and countries:

Soviet Union/Russia

  1. Salyut 1 (1971) - First space station, equipped for scientific studies.
  2. Salyut 2 (1973) - Military reconnaissance platform; suffered explosion after achieving orbit.
  3. Kosmos 557 (1973) - Scientific station; crippled after achieving orbit.
  4. Salyut 3 (1974) - Military reconnaissance platform.
  5. Salyut 4 (1974) - Scientific station; operated until its systems were exhausted.
  6. Salyut 5 (1976) - Military reconnaissance platform.
  7. Salyut 6 (1977) - First second-generation Salyut, operated as a highly successful scientific station.
  8. Salyut 7 (1982) - Follow-up to Salyut 6, had to be repeatedly rescued.
  9. Mir (1986) - First modular space station, used for more than a decade.

United States

  1. Skylab (1973) - First U.S. space station; supported solar studies and biomedical experiments.

International

  1. International Space Station (ISS) (1998-present) - A collaborative effort involving NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA, and CSA.

China

  1. Tiangong 1 (2011) - Experimental space station.
  2. Tiangong 2 (2016) - Experimental space station.
  3. Tiangong Space Station (TSS) (2021-present) - China's first long-term space station.

Planned and Proposed Space Stations

  1. Lunar Gateway (2025) - NASA, ESA, CSA, JAXA; part of the Artemis program.
  2. Axiom Station (Late 2026) - Axiom Space; will eventually detach from the ISS.
  3. Russian Orbital Service Station (2027) - Roscosmos; Russia's next-generation space station.
  4. Starlab (2028) - NanoRacks, Voyager Space, Lockheed Martin, Airbus; commercial platform.
  5. StarMax (2026) - Gravitics; provides significant habitable volume.
  6. Orbital Reef (Second half of 2020s) - Blue Origin, Sierra Space; commercial station in LEO.
  7. Bharatiya Antariksha Station (2035) - ISRO; India's own space station.
  8. Haven-1 (2025) - Vast; scheduled to be the world's first commercial space station.

These space stations have played significant roles in advancing human space exploration and scientific research in microgravity environments[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].

Citations:

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_space_stations

[2] https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/first-space-stations

[3] https://www.spacecentre.co.uk/news/space-now-blog/space-stations/

[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_station

[5] https://www.britannica.com/technology/space-station

[6] https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/

[7] https://www.issnationallab.org/about/iss-timeline/

[8] https://www.britannica.com/topic/International-Space-Station

[9] https://spacecrew.com/blog/future-space-stations

[10] https://www.britannica.com/explore/space/space-station/

[11] https://www.nasa.gov/history/25-years-ago-nasa-partners-begin-space-station-assembly/

[12] https://www.spacefoundation.org/space_brief/space-stations/

[13] https://www.space.com/16748-international-space-station.html

[14] https://nasa.fandom.com/wiki/Space_station

[15] https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/space-stations-history

[16] https://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/ISS-related_launches.htm

[17] https://www.nasa.gov/international-space-station/space-station-visiting-vehicles/