Article I, Section 8
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Article I Section 8 Paragraphs 1 to 7
Article I Section 8 Paragraphs 8 to 17
Rights & Laws Article I Section 8 Paragraph 18
Congress's Enumerated Powers
Necessary and Proper Clause To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.
Supremacy Clause This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding.
Wikipedia:
Section 8 lays out the powers of Congress. (Taxes are apportioned by state population) It includes several enumerated powers, including the power to lay and collect "taxes, duties, imposts, and excises" (provided duties, imposts, and excises are uniform throughout the US), "to provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States," the power to regulate interstate and international commerce, the power to set naturalization laws, the power to coin and regulate money, the power to borrow money on the credit of the United States, the power to establish post offices and post roads, the power to establish federal courts inferior to the Supreme Court, the power to raise and support an army and a navy, the power to call forth the militia "to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions" and to provide for the militia's "organizing, arming, disciplining...and governing" and granting Congress the power to declare war.[1]: 373 Section 8 also provides Congress the power to establish a federal district to serve as the national capital and gives Congress the exclusive power to administer that district. In addition to various enumerated powers, Section 8 grants Congress the power to make laws necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated powers and other powers vested in it.
The only mentioning of government in relationship to the Congress were those of Article I, Section 8 Clauses 17 and 18, whereas the government of the United States (the gathering of the Congress) shall have only lawful dominance over no more than 10 miles square (or one hundred square miles) as may by cession of particular states to that Congress, and also have dominance over property purchased by that Congress from the individual states for particular purposes. The government of that union, the Constitution, granted only the power to carry out the tasks assigned to it. No more and no less.