Conservatism

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Conservative

CONTROLLED MEANING: A political Rightist who generally favors freedom, Capitalism and strong government. Anyone who is anti-Socialist/anti-Communist and anti-Liberalism. Also, anyone who subscribes to traditional morality and discipline.

CORRECT MEANING:"Disposed to conserve or preserve." In politics or ethics, it means "disposed to keeping existing conditions and traditions; resisting change." Whereas "Liberal" means open minded and amenable to change, "Conservative" means narrow-minded and resistant to change. Politically and religiously speaking, Conservativism assumes the Establishment is right. Therefore, Conservatives favor the Institutions and traditions of the Establishment (State; King; Church; War; etc.).

Again, notwithstanding modern political jargon, "Conservative" does not imply moral or good. Nor does it imply contempt for Socialism or Communism. The Politburo of the old Soviet Union were "Conservatives" ... as were the Pharisees of first-century Jerusalem who murdered Christ. There are both conservative and liberal proponents of all government systems – including Communism, Monarchism, Buddhism, Islam, Republicanism, etc. For example, the Bush family, the CIA, and the FBI are all "Conservative." They helped create and finance both Hitler's Nazi regime and Stain's Communist regime. In no way can these "conservative" organizations be considered moral or Christian.

"Conservatives" always uphold the current system – especially when it is THEIR SYSTEM. Thus, patriotic constitutionalists are "conservatives" hoping to preserve the system set up by "the Founding Fathers."

Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional social institutions and practices. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the status quo of the culture and civilization in which it appears. In Western culture, conservatives seek to preserve a range of institutions such as organized religion, parliamentary government, and property rights. Conservatives tend to favor institutions and practices that guarantee stability and evolved gradually. Adherents of conservatism often oppose progressivism and seek a return to traditional values, though different groups of conservatives may choose different traditional values to preserve.

The first established use of the term in a political context originated in 1818 with François-René de Chateaubriand during the period of Bourbon Restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution. Historically associated with right-wing politics, the term has since been used to describe a wide range of views. There is no single set of policies regarded as conservative because the meaning of conservatism depends on what is considered traditional in a given place and time. Conservative thought has varied considerably as it has adapted itself to existing traditions and national cultures.[ For example, some conservatives advocate for greater economic intervention, while others advocate for a more laissez faire free-market economic system. Thus, conservatives from different parts of the world—each upholding their respective traditions—may disagree on a wide range of issues. Edmund Burke, an 18th-century politician who opposed the French Revolution but supported the American Revolution, is credited as one of the main theorists of conservatism in the 1790s

Human Nature:

Fear of change.

Conservatism is more cynical than either Liberalism or Socialism. Conservatism sees people as being flawed and imperfect.

Due to human imperfection there will never be a utopia society. Human nature is fixed and cannot be improved as socialists believe.

For Hobbes people were ruthless, selfish, calculating and competitive. Formal authority is needed to prevent hatred and war. He did however see people as rational.

Burke denied humans rationality instead pointing to custom, habit and experience as guiding behavior. He shared Hobbe’s view they were flawed but not that they were terrible. He wrote of community based around tradition, culture and the church. Oakeshott later added to this talking of innate fear of the unknown.

New Right thinkers wrote of ability for enterprise and innovation but the need for the restraint of formal authority and community.

Conservatism and Society

Most conservatives agree society exists and Burke wrote of “little platoons’ – local communities that provide security, status and inspiration as well as control. Not all Conservatives share this view. Margaret Thatcher stated there was ‘no such thing as society’, there are only individuals (sounding like a liberal) and family.

Conservatives see society as something organic that emerges naturally rather than something that can be created. It is therefore unpredictable.

Conservatives deal with society in a practical way stressing empiricism (things based on evidence) not thinking of how society should be or a direction it should take.

Conservatives put great importance on tradition and resist radical change. They also stress Judeo-Christian morals.

Conservatives stress the importance of hierarchy and accept inequality though some see it as the duty of those at the top to look after those at the bottom (paternalism), not necessarily to move people up from the bottom of society, but to help them.

Property and the ability to inherit property are important. Property is seen as giving people a stake in society and property ownership therefore key in maintaining a society.

Conservatives and Economy

Conservatives defend inequality and support hierarchy and there capitalism.

The uncontrolled nature of free-market doesn’t however fit with traditional conservative values of order and stability. Their skepticism stretches to markets that they don’t think will always achieve what’s best.

This led traditional conservatives to state intervention such as protectionism where tariffs were put on foreign goods to protect industries and markets in the nation state. Trump is strong on protectionism.

The New Right has embraced free-market economics as shown under Thatcher and Reagan.

For the New Right the prosperity generated will destroy socialism and provide money for police and armed forces (going back to the cynical view of human society).

Conservatism and the State

Conservatism isn’t completely united on this.

The ideal conservative emerges slowly over time adapting to the world as it does. See this a creating a state that deals with the world as it is rather than based on an ideology.

There should be order and authority, it is the states job to keep people in check. No law and order, no rights will be enjoyed.

Most conservatives believe there should be a ruling class brought up to rule, particularly in England.

The nation-state is vital particularly in the UK and USA and forms a major part of national identity linked to traditions and the political leaders (presidents)