Misogyny highlighted

Swetnam the Woman-Hater, printed in 1620.

The work is credited with

originating the English term

misogynist.

"Woman hater" redirects here.

For other uses,

Misogyny (/mɪˈsɒdʒɪni/) is hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls.

It is a form of sexism that can keep women at a lower social status than men, thus maintaining the social roles of patriarchy.

See:

117). The Women Who Fought the Evil One:

https://bra.in/4jMdJP

Misogyny has been widely practised for thousands of years.

It is reflected in

art,
literature,
human societal structure,
historical events,
mythology,
philosophy,
See: 2jXrQ2
and
See: 2joYV5
and
religion worldwide.

Misogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals, primarily by men, and as a widespread cultural custom or system. Sometimes misogyny manifests in obvious and bold ways; other times it is more subtle or disguised in ways that provide plausible deniability.

In feminist thought, misogyny is related to femmephobia, the rejection of feminine qualities. It holds in contempt institutions, work, hobbies, or habits associated with women. It rejects any aspects of men that are seen as feminine or unmanly.[undue ^weight? ^– ^discuss] Racism and other prejudices may reinforce and overlap with misogyny.

The English word misogyny was coined in the middle of the 17th century from the Greek misos 'hatred' + gunē 'woman'.^[1] The word was rarely used until it was popularised by second-wave feminism in the 1970s.

Definitions

English and American dictionaries define misogyny as "hatred of women"^[2][3][4] and as "hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women".^[5]

In 2012, primarily in response to a speech in the Australian Parliament,^[6] the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded its definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women".^[7]

Distinctions from other terms

The American Merriam-Webster Dictionary distinguishes misogyny, "a hatred of women", from sexism, which denotes sex-based discrimination, and "behavior, conditions, or attitudes that foster stereotypes of social roles based on sex".^[8]

Philosopher Kate Manne distinguishes these terms:

Patriarchy — a system of power
Sexism — a theory justifying that system, and
Misogyny — the "enforcement arm" of that system.

Manne defines misogyny as the attempt to control and punish women who challenge male dominance.^[9] She finds the traditional "hatred of women" definition of misogyny too simplistic, noting it does not account for how perpetrators of misogynistic violence may love certain women; for example, their mothers.^[10]: 52 Instead, misogyny rewards women who uphold the status quo and punishes those who reject women's subordinate status.^[9] Manne distinguishes sexism, which she says seeks to rationalise and justify patriarchy, from misogyny, which she calls the "law enforcement" branch of patriarchy:

[S]exist ideology will tend to discriminate between men and women, typically by alleging sex differences beyond what is known or could be known, and sometimes counter to our best current scientific evidence. Misogyny will typically differentiate between good women and bad ones, and punishes the latter. […] Sexism wears a lab coat; misogyny goes on witch hunts.^[10]: 79

Femininity researcher Rhea Ashley Hoskin dinstinguishes between oppression based on female gender, and oppression based on feminine gender expression. The academic term for the latter is femmephobia.^[11]

In sociology and psychology

Social psychology research^[vague] describes overt misogyny as "blatant hostile sexism" that raises resistance in women, as opposed to "manifestations of benevolent sexism" or chivalry that lead women to behave in a manner perpetuating patriarchal arrangements.^[12]

According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, "misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female". Johnson argues that:

Misogyny .... is a central part of sexist prejudice and ideology and, as such, is an important basis for the oppression of females in male-dominated societies. Misogyny is manifested in many different ways, from jokes to pornography to violence to the self-contempt women may be taught to feel toward their own bodies.^[13]

Sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes:

Though most common in men, misogyny also exists in and is practiced by women against other women or even themselves. Misogyny functions as an ideology or belief system that has accompanied patriarchal, or male-dominated societies for thousands of years and continues to place women in subordinate positions with limited access to power and decision making. […] Aristotle contended that women exist as natural deformities or imperfect males […] Ever since, women in Western cultures have internalised their role as societal scapegoats, influenced in the twenty-first century by multimedia objectification of women with its culturally sanctioned self-loathing and fixations on plastic surgery, anorexia and bulimia.^[14]

Other forms of the word

Misogynous and misogynistic can both be used as an adjectival form of the word.^[15] The noun misogynist can be used for a woman-hating person. The counterpart of misogyny is misandry, the hatred or dislike of men. Marc A. Ouellette argues in International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities that "misandry lacks the systemic, transhistoric, institutionalized, and legislated antipathy of misogyny".^[16] Anthropologist David Gilmore argues that misogyny is a "near-universal phenomenon" and that there is no male equivalent.^[17] The antonym of misogyny, philogyny—love or fondness towards women—^[18] is not widely used. Words derived from the word misogyny and denoting connected concepts include misogynoir, the intersection of anti-black racism and misogyny faced by Black women; transmisogyny, the intersection of misogyny and transphobia faced by trans women and transfeminine people; and transmisogynoir, the confluence of these faced by black trans women and transfeminine people.^[19][20]

Origins

Misogyny likely arose at the same time as patriarchy: three to five thousand years ago at the start of the Bronze Age. The three main monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam promoted patriarchal societal structures, and used misogyny to keep women at a lower status.^[21][10] Misogyny gained strength in the Middle Ages, especially in Christian societies.^[22] In parallel to these, misogyny was also practised in societies such as the Romans, Greeks, and the tribes of the Amazon Basin and Melanesia, who did not follow a monotheistic religion. Nearly every human culture contains evidence of misogyny.^[23]

Anthropologist David D. Gilmore argues that misogyny is rooted in men's conflicting feelings: men's existential dependence on women for procreation, and men's fear of women's power over them in their times of male weakness, contrasted against the deep-seated needs of men for the love, care and comfort of women—a need that makes the men feel vulnerable.^[24]

Angela Saini notes that a large proportion of women in ancient societies were kidnapped brides from other cultures. Such a woman was often forced to marry a man who had killed her family. Misogynistic suspicion in ancient Greece and elsewhere is to some degree explained by male anxiety that women would some day revolt against their captors.^[25]: 139 Saini argues that patriarchy and gender stereotyping emerged at the same time as the state.^[25]: 118–119

An example of misogyny is

violence against women,

which includes:

domestic violence and,
in its most extreme forms,
misogynist terrorism and
femicide.
Misogyny also often operates through sexual harassment,
coercion, and
psychological techniques
aimed at controlling women, and
by legal or
social exclusion of women
from full citizenship.
In some cases,
misogyny rewards women
for accepting an inferior status.

Misogyny can be understood both as an attitude held by individuals, primarily by men, and as a widespread cultural custom or system.

See:

288). IRAN WANTS TO “SUPPRESS THE DIVINE FEMININE VOICE” VIA STAR GATE:

https://bra.in/7joeo5

See:

500). Link to

EXPLICIT DESCRIPTION OF PATHOGENIC RAPE:

https://bra.in/4pKVJB

I previously referred to this as Spiritual Rape, but there is nothing spiritual about rape. rk.

See:

544). Link to:

THIS IS WHAT HAPPENED TO ME:

https://bra.in/6qz8rb

See:

471). A MINDMAP OF PATHOGENIC FORCES:

https://bra.in/7joPb5

Wikipedia article continued:

Sometimes misogyny manifests in obvious and bold ways; other times it is more subtle or disguised in ways that provide plausible deniability.

In feminist thought, misogyny is related to femmephobia, the rejection of feminine qualities.

It holds in contempt

institutions,
work,
hobbies, or
habits
associated with women.

It rejects any aspects of men that are seen as feminine or unmanly.

Racism and other prejudices may reinforce and overlap with misogyny.

The English word misogyny was

coined in the middle of the 17th century
from the Greek misos (Don't bend over! rk)
'hatred' + gunē 'woman'.^[1]

The word was rarely used until it was popularised by second-wave feminism in the 1970s.

Definitions

English and American dictionaries define misogyny as

"hatred of women"^[2][3][4] and as
"hatred, dislike, or mistrust of women".^[5]

In 2012, primarily in response to a speech in the Australian Parliament,^[6] the Macquarie Dictionary (which documents Australian English and New Zealand English) expanded its definition to include not only hatred of women but also "entrenched prejudices against women".^[7]

Distinctions from other terms

Philosopher Kate Manne distinguishes these terms:

Patriarchy — a system of power
Sexism — a theory justifying that system, and
Misogyny — the "enforcement arm" of that system.

Manne defines misogyny as the attempt to control and punish women who challenge male dominance.^[9] (YES! rk)

She finds the traditional "hatred of women" definition of misogyny too simplistic, noting it does not account for how perpetrators of misogynistic violence may love certain women; for example, their mothers.^[10]: 52 Instead, misogyny rewards women who uphold the status quo and punishes those who reject women's subordinate status.^[9] Manne distinguishes sexism, which she says seeks to rationalise and justify patriarchy, from misogyny, which she calls the "law enforcement" branch of patriarchy:

[S]exist ideology will tend to discriminate between men and women, typically by alleging sex differences beyond what is known or could be known, and sometimes counter to our best current scientific evidence. Misogyny will typically differentiate between good women and bad ones, and punishes the latter. […] Sexism wears a lab coat; misogyny goes on witch hunts.^[10]: 79

Femininity researcher Rhea Ashley Hoskin dinstinguishes between oppression based on female gender, and oppression based on feminine gender expression. The academic term for the latter is femmephobia.^[11]

In sociology and psychology

Social psychology research^[vague] describes overt misogyny as "blatant hostile sexism" that raises resistance in women, as opposed to "manifestations of benevolent sexism" or chivalry that lead women to behave in a manner perpetuating patriarchal arrangements.^[12]

According to sociologist Allan G. Johnson, "misogyny is a cultural attitude of hatred for females because they are female". Johnson argues that:

Misogyny .... is a central part of sexist prejudice and ideology and, as such, is an important basis for the oppression of females in male-dominated societies. Misogyny is manifested in many different ways, from jokes to pornography to violence to the self-contempt women may be taught to feel toward their own bodies.^[13]

Sociologist Michael Flood at the University of Wollongong defines misogyny as the hatred of women, and notes:

Though most common in men, misogyny also exists in and is practiced by women against other women or even themselves. Misogyny functions as an ideology or belief system that has accompanied patriarchal, or male-dominated societies for thousands of years and continues to place women in subordinate positions with limited access to power and decision making. […] Aristotle contended that women exist as natural deformities or imperfect males […] Ever since, women in Western cultures have internalised their role as societal scapegoats, influenced in the twenty-first century by multimedia objectification of women with its culturally sanctioned self-loathing and fixations on plastic surgery, anorexia and bulimia.^[14]

Other forms of the word

Misogynous and misogynistic can both be used as an adjectival form of the word.^[15]

The noun misogynist can be used for a woman-hating person.

The counterpart of misogyny is misandry, the hatred or dislike of men.

Marc A. Ouellette argues in International Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities that "misandry lacks the systemic, transhistoric, institutionalized, and legislated antipathy of misogyny".^[16]

Anthropologist David Gilmore argues that misogyny is a "near-universal phenomenon" and that there is no male equivalent.^[17]

The antonym of misogyny, philogyny—love or fondness towards women—^[18] is not widely used.

Words derived from the word misogyny and denoting connected concepts include

misogynoir,
the intersection of anti-black racism and
misogyny faced by Black women;
transmisogyny,
the intersection of misogyny and
transphobia
faced by trans women and
transfeminine people; and
transmisogynoir,
the confluence of these faced by black trans women and
transfeminine people.^[19][20]

Origins

Misogyny likely arose at the same time as patriarchy: three to five thousand years ago at the start of the Bronze Age.

The three main monotheistic religions of

Judaism,
Christianity and
Islam
promoted patriarchal societal structures, and
used misogyny
to keep women at a lower status.^[21][10]

Misogyny gained strength in the Middle Ages, especially in Christian societies.^[22]

In parallel to these, misogyny was also practised in societies such as

the Romans,
Greeks, and the
tribes of the Amazon Basin and
Melanesia,
who did not follow a monotheistic religion.
Nearly every human culture
contains evidence of misogyny.^[23]

Anthropologist David D. Gilmore argues that misogyny is rooted in men's conflicting feelings:

men's existential dependence on women for procreation,
and men's fear of women's power over them
in their times of male weakness,
contrasted against the deep-seated needs of men
for the love,
care and
comfort of women
a need that makes the men feel vulnerable.^[24]

Angela Saini notes that a large proportion of women in ancient societies were kidnapped brides from other cultures.

rk NOTE: Can you say sex slaves and/or human trafficking?

Such a woman was often forced to marry a man who had killed her family.

Misogynistic suspicion in ancient Greece and elsewhere is to some degree explained by male anxiety that women would some day revolt against their captors.^[25]: 139

(DAMN RIGHT! rk)

Saini argues that patriarchy and gender stereotyping emerged at the same time as the state.^[25]: 118–119

Historical usage

Classical Greece

:{Roman copy of a Hellenistic bust of Chrysippus (British Museu:{:{)M}:

In his book

City of Sokrates: An Introduction to Classical Athens,

J.W. Roberts argues that older than tragedy and comedy was a misogynistic tradition in Greek literature, reaching back at least as far as Hesiod.^[26]

He claims that the term misogyny itself comes directly into English from the Ancient Greek word misogunia (μισογυνία), which survives in several passages.

The earlier, longer, and more complete passage comes from a moral tract known as

On Marriage (c. 150 BC)

by the stoic philosopher

Antipater of Tarsus.^[27][28]

pp. 221–226.

Misogunia appears in the accusative case on page 224 of Deming, as the fifth word in line 33 of his Greek text.

It is split over lines 25–26 in von Arnim.

Antipater argues that marriage is the foundation of the state, and considers it to be based on divine (polytheistic) decree.

He uses misogunia to describe the sort of writing the tragedian Euripides eschews, stating that he "reject[s] the hatred of women in his writing" (ἀποθέμενος τὴν ἐν τῷ γράφειν μισογυνίαν).

He then offers an example of this, quoting from a lost play of Euripides in which the merits of a dutiful wife are praised.^[28][29]

According to Tieleman other surviving use of the Ancient Greek word is by Chrysippus, in a fragment from

On affections,

quoted by Galen

in Hippocrates on Affections.^[30]

Here, misogyny is the first in a short list of three "disaffections"—women (misogunia), wine (misoinia, μισοινία) and humanity (misanthrōpia, μισανθρωπία).

Chrysippus' point is more abstract than Antipater's, and Galen quotes the passage as an example of an opinion contrary to his own.

What is clear, however, is that he groups hatred of women with hatred of humanity generally, and even hatred of wine.

"It was the prevailing medical opinion of his day that wine strengthens body and soul alike."^[31]

So Chrysippus, like his fellow stoic Antipater, views misogyny negatively, as a disease; a dislike of something that is good.

It is this issue of conflicted or alternating emotions that was philosophically contentious to the ancient writers.

rk NOTE: Is it "alternating emotions" or

MULTIPLE AUTHORS AND EDITORS? rk)

Ricardo Salles suggests that the general stoic view was that "[a] man may not only alternate between

philogyny and
misogyny,
philanthropy and
misanthropy,
but be prompted to each by the other".^[32]

In the

Routledge philosophy guidebook to Plato and the Republic,

Nickolas Pappas describes the "problem of misogyny" and states:

In the Apology, Socrates calls those who plead for their lives in court "no better than women" (35b)...

(Do you see how that short phrase can be taken with

different meanings? rk)

The Timaeus warns men that if they live immorally they will be reincarnated as women (42b-c; cf. 75d-e).

(Maybe they were TRANS and

wanted to be woment! rk)

The Republic contains a number of comments in the same spirit (387e, 395d-e, 398e, 431b-c, 469d), evidence of nothing so much as of contempt toward women. Even Socrates' words for his bold new proposal about marriage... suggest that the women are to be "held in common" by men. (ibid) He never says that the men might be held in common by the women... We also have to acknowledge Socrates' insistence that men surpass women at any task that both sexes attempt (455c, 456a), and his remark in Book 8 that one sign of democracy's moral failure is the sexual equality it promotes (563b).^[³³]

rk NOTE: I am always suspicious of ancient languages being translated into English or American English.

Translations are usually never agreed upon;

they are like assholes - everybody has one!

highlighting to be continued, rk

Monday, September 28, 2026 05:52PM

Misogynist is also found in the Greek—misogunēs (μισογύνης)—in Deipnosophistae and

in Plutarch's Parallel Lives,
where it is used as the title of Heracles
in the history of Phocion.
It was the title of a play
by Menander,
which we know of from book seven
(concerning Alexandria)
of Strabo's 17 volume
Geography,^[34][35] and
quotations of Menander
by Clement of Alexandria and
Stobaeus that relate to marriage.^[36]
A Greek play with a similar name,
Misogunos (Μισόγυνος) or Woman-hater,
is reported by Marcus Tullius Cicero
(in Latin) and
attributed to the poet Marcus Atilius.^[37]

Marcus Tullius Cicero

Cicero reports

that Greek philosophers
considered misogyny
to be caused by
gynophobia,
a fear of women.^[38]

It is the same with other diseases;

as the desire of glory,
a passion for women,
to which the Greeks
give the name of philogyneia: and
thus all other diseases and
sicknesses
are generated.
But those feelings
which are the contrary
of these
are supposed to have fear
for their foundation,
as a hatred of women,
such as is displayed in the Woman-hater
of Atilius; or
the hatred
of the whole human species,
as Timon
is reported to have done,
whom they call
the Misanthrope.
Of the same kind is inhospitality.
And all these diseases
proceed
from a certain dread
of such things
as they hate and avoid.^[38]

—Cicero, Tusculanae Quaestiones, 1st century BC.

In summary,

despite considering women
as generally inferior to men,
Greek literature considered misogyny to be a disease—
an anti-social condition—
in that it ran contrary
to their perceptions
of the value of women
as wives and
of the family
as the foundation of society.
These points are widely noted
in the secondary literature.^[28]

English language

Julia Gillard

According to the Oxford English Dictionary,

the word entered English
because of an anonymous proto-feminist play,
Swetnam the Woman-Hater,
published in 1620
in England.^[39]
The play is a criticism
of anti-woman writer
Joseph Swetnam,
who it represents
with the pseudonym Misogynos.
The character of Misogynos
is the origin
of the term misogynist
in English.^[40]

The term was fairly rare until the mid-1970s.

The publication of feminist Andrea Dworkin's 1974 critique Woman Hating popularised the idea.

The term misogyny entered the lexicon of second-wave feminism.

Dworkin and her contemporaries used the term to include not only a hatred or contempt of women, but the practice of controlling women with violence and punishing women who reject subordination.^[40]

Misogyny was discussed worldwide in 2012 because of a viral video of a speech by Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard. Her parliamentary address is known as the Misogyny Speech. In the speech, Gillard powerfully criticised her opponents for holding her policies to a different standard than those of male politicians, and for speaking about her in crudely sexual terms.^[41] She was criticised for systemic misogyny, because earlier in the day her Labour Party had passed legislation cutting $728 million in welfare benefits to single mothers.^[42]

Gillard's usage of the word "misogyny" promoted re-evaluations of the word's published definitions. The Macquarie Dictionary revised its definition in 2012 to better match the way the word has been used over the prior 30 years.^[43] The book Down Girl, which reconsidered the definition using the tools of analytic philosophy, was inspired in part by Gillard.^[10]: 83

Religion

Pandora by John William Waterhouse, 1896

Misogyny: The World's Oldest Prejudice,

Jack Holland argues that

There is evidence of misogyny in the mythology of the ancient world.

In Gree**k mythology according to Hesiod, the human race had already experienced a peaceful, autonomous existence as a companion to the gods before the creation of women.

When Prometheus

decides to steal the secret of fire from the gods,
Zeus becomes infuriated and
decides to punish humankind
with an "evil thing for their delight".

This "evil thing" is

Pandora,

the first woman,
who carried a jar
(usually described—incorrectly—as a box)
which she was told to never open.
Pandora cannot resist peeking into the jar, and
by opening it
she unleashes
into the world
all evil;
labour,
sickness,
old age, and
death.^[44]
(Of course! Blame it on a FEMALE! How satanic! rk)

Buddhism

Main article: Women in Buddhism

In his book

The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender,

professor Bernard Faure of Columbia University argued that

"Buddhism is paradoxically
neither as sexist nor
as egalitarian as
is usually thought".
He remarked,
"Many feminist scholars
have emphasised the misogynistic
(or at least androcentric)
nature of Buddhism" and
stated that Buddhism morally exalts
its male monks
while the mothers and
wives of the monks
also have important roles.
Additionally, he wrote
While some scholars
see Buddhism as part of a movement
of emancipation,
others see it
as a source of oppression.
Perhaps this is only a distinction
between optimists and
pessimists,
if not
between idealists and
realists...
As we begin to realise,
the term "Buddhism"
does not designate a monolithic entity,
but covers a number of doctrines,
ideologies, and
practices
some of which
seem to invite,
tolerate, and
even cultivate "otherness"
on their margins.^[45]

Christianity

Main article: Women in Christianity

Islam

read this FIRST!:

#288). IRAN WANTS TO “SUPPRESS THE DIVINE FEMININE VOICE”

VIA STAR GATE:

https://bra.in/7joeo5

WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE CONTINUED:

Main article: Women in Islam

See also: Namus and Islam and domestic violence

The fourth chapter

(or sura) of the Quran is called "Women"*
(an-nisa*).
The 34th verse is
a key verse in feminist criticism of Islam.^[52]
The verse notes men's God-given advantages over women.
They are consequently their protectors and
maintainers.
Where women are disobedient
"admonish them, and
leave them alone
in the sleeping-places and
beat them;
then if they obey you,
do not seek a way against them..."
In his book No god but God, University of Southern California,
Professor Reza Aslan wrote that
"misogynistic interpretation"
has been persistently attached to An-Nisa, 34
because commentary on the Quran
"has been the exclusive domain of Muslim men".^[53]

In his book

Popular Islam and Misogyny: A Case Study of Bangladesh,

Taj Hashmi discusses misogyny in relation to Muslim culture, writing:

[T]hanks to the subjective interpretations of the Quran (almost exclusively by men), the preponderance of the misogynic mullahs and the regressive Shariah law in most "Muslim" countries, Islam is synonymously known as a promoter of misogyny in its worst form.... we may draw a line between the Quranic texts and the corpus of avowedly misogynic writing and spoken words by the mullah having very little or no relevance to the Quran.^[54]

The economic and social position of men and women was reflected in blood money to the family of a victim. The financial loss for a woman was pegged at half that of a man.^[55]

Sikhism

Misogynistic ideas among prominent Western thinkers

Numerous influential Western philosophers have expressed ideas that have been characterised as misogynistic,

including

Aristotle,
René Descartes,
Thomas Hobbes,
John Locke,
David Hume,
Jean-Jacques Rousseau,
G. W. F. Hegel,
Arthur Schopenhauer,
Friedrich Nietzsche,
Sigmund Freud,
Otto Weininger,
Oswald Spengler, and
John Lucas.^[58]
Because of the influence of these thinkers, feminist scholars trace misogyny in Western culture to these philosophers and their ideas.^[59]

rk NOTE: Before I would write these philosophers off as misogynists, I would check the ACCURACY of the interpretations against the original source in the native language of the author AND to clarify the meanings of colloquialisms, and spelling. For example, in Spanish, all one has to do to change gender from Senior to Seniora is to ADD AN "a" AT THE END! Were these historical documents not written feathers and ink? Who can verify the validity of the handwriting? Was it perhaps one of his students? Or enemies?

Think about it! I would never consider throwing out all the wonderful writings of Aristotle over a disagreement over a "turn of phrase" that may or may not be accurate. And why go after the same bunch of philosophers over and over again. Can you not find a plethera of current MISOGYNISTS right here in the CON-gress of the USA? Just my opinion.

Aristotle

Main article: Aristotle's views on women

Portrait of Aristotle, copy of Lysippos, Louvre

Aristotle believed women were inferior and described them as "deformed males".^[60][61] In his work Politics, he states

rk NOTE: FYI: Some of the favorite numbers of satanic communication are: 6, 66, 33, 15, and 51.

as regards the sexes, the male is by nature superior and the female inferior, the male ruler and the female subject 4 (1254b13-14).^[61] (I am sure you know what I think about that BULLSHIT! rk)

Another example is Cynthia's catalogue

in which Cynthia states
"Aristotle says that the courage of a man lies in commanding,
a woman's lies in obeying;
that 'matter yearns for form,
as the female for the male and
the ugly for the beautiful';
that women have fewer teeth than men;
that a female is an incomplete male or
'as it were, a deformity'.^[60]
Aristotle believed that men and women naturally differed both physically and mentally.
He claimed that women are "more mischievous,
less simple,
more impulsive ...
more compassionate[,] ...
more easily moved to tears[,] ...
more jealous,
more querulous,
more apt to scold and
to strike[,] ...
more prone to despondency and
less hopeful[,] ...
more void of shame or
self-respect,
more false of speech,
more deceptive,
of more retentive memory [and] ...
also more wakeful;
more shrinking [and]
more difficult to rouse to action"
than men.^[62]

rk NOTE: Even if all the above from Aristotle were true,

why is it still happening TODAY?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

is well known for his views against equal rights for women.

For example, in his treatise Emile, he writes:

"Always justify the burdens you impose upon girls
but impose them anyway ... .
They must be thwarted from an early age ... .
They must be exercised to constraint,
so that it costs them nothing
to stifle all their fantasies
to submit them to the will of others."
He also writes that women should be
"closed up in their houses" and
"must receive the decisions of fathers and
husbands like that of the church."^[63]

Arthur Schopenhauer

Schopenhauer by Karl Bauer

Based on his essay:

"On Women" (Über die Weiber),

Arthur Schopenhauer

has been noted as a misogynist by many such as the philosopher, critic, and author Tom Grimwood.^[64] In a 2008 article published in the philosophical journal of Kritique,

Grimwood argues that Schopenhauer's misogynistic works have largely escaped attention despite being more noticeable than those of other philosophers such as Nietzsche.^[64]

Schopenhauer condemned what he called

"Teutonico-Christian stupidity"

on female affairs.

He argued that women are

"by nature meant to obey"
as they are "childish,
frivolous, and
short sighted".^[58]
He also argued that women
did not possess any real beauty:^[65]
It is only a man whose intellect
is clouded by his sexual impulse
that could give the name of the fair sex
to that under-sized,
narrow-shouldered,
broad-hipped, and
short-legged race;
for the whole beauty of the sex
is bound up with this impulse.
Instead of calling them beautiful
there would be more warrant
for describing women as the unaesthetic sex.

Nietzsche

Main article: Friedrich Nietzsche's views on women

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche

Beyond Good and Evil,

Friedrich Nietzsche stated that

stricter controls on women
was a condition
of "every elevation of culture".^[66]
In his
Thus Spoke Zarathustra,
he has a female character say
"You are going to women?
Do not forget the whip!"^[67]
In Twilight of the Idols,
Nietzsche writes
"Women are considered profound. Why?
Because we never fathom their depths.
But women aren't even shallow."^[68]
There is controversy over the questions
of whether or not this amounts to misogyny,
whether his polemic
against women
is meant to be taken literally, and
the exact nature of his opinions of women.^[69]

Hegel

Hegel's view of women has been characterised as misogynistic.^[70]

Passages from Hegel's (A favorite author of Michael Tsarion Veronisi! per my telepathic conversation with him in 2023. rk)

Elements of the Philosophy of Right

illustrate the criticism:^[71]

Women are capable of education,

but they are not made for activities

which demand a universal faculty

such as the more advanced sciences,

philosophy and

certain forms of artistic production...

Women regulate their actions

not by the demands of universality,

but by arbitrary inclinations and

opinions.

Violence

Terrorism and hate crimes

Femicide is the name of a hate crime,

the intentional killing of women or girls on account of their sex. It is ideological misogynist killing, and in some cases may also be an example of domestic violence.^[72]

also see:

100). LINK to

"What is STALKING?":

https://bra.in/2p6JDQ

101). LINK TO

What is VIOLENCE?:

https://bra.in/4joDBY

SEE PDF Lentz File

WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE CONTINUED:

Misogynist terrorism

is terrorism intended to punish women.

Since 2018 counter-terrorism professionals such as

ICCT and
START
have tracked misogyny or
male supremacy
as ideologies that have motivated terrorism.

They describe this form of terror as a "rising threat".

Among the attacks designated as misogynist terrorism
are the 2014 Isla Vista killings and
the 2018 Toronto van attack.^[73]
Some of the attackers have
identified with the incel movement, and
were motivated to kill
by a perception of being entitled to
sexual access to women.^[73]
However, misogyny is
common among mass killers,
even when it is not the primary motivation.^[74]

Online misogyny

Coordinated attacks

The most likely targets for misogynistic attacks

by coordinated groups are
women who are visible in the public sphere,
women who speak out
about the threats they receive,
such as Ethiopian feminists facing digital gender-based violence, and
women who are perceived
to be associated with feminism or
feminist gains.
Authors of misogynistic messages
are usually anonymous or
otherwise difficult to identify.
Their rhetoric involves
misogynistic epithets and
graphic or
sexualised imagery.
It centres on the women's physical appearance,
and prescribes sexual violence
as a corrective
for the targeted women.
Examples of people who spoke out about misogynistic attacks are
Anita Sarkeesian,
Laurie Penny,
Caroline Criado Perez,
Stella Creasy, and
Lindy West.^[75]

AND ME:

SEE: I AM SINCERELY UPDATED 9 30 2026

WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE CONTINUED:

These attacks do not always remain online only.

Swatting was used to bring Gamergate attacks

into the physical world.^[81]

Language used

The insults and threats directed at different women tend to be very similar.

Jude Doyle,

who has been the target of online threats,

noted

the "overwhelmingly impersonal,
repetitive,
stereotyped quality"
of the abuse,
the fact that
"all of us are
being called the same things,
in the same tone".^[75]

A 2016 study conducted by

the think tank Demos
found that the majority
of Twitter messages
containing the words "whore" or "slut" were
advertisements for pornography.
Of those that were not,
a majority used the terms in a non-aggressive way,
such a discussion of slut-shaming.
Of those that used the terms "whore" or "slut" in an
aggressive,
insulting way,
about half were women and
half were men.
Twitter users most frequently targeted by women
with aggressive insults were celebrities,
such as Beyoncé Knowles.^[82]

SEE:

#604). FOUR THE UMPTEENTH TIME:

https://bra.in/9qa37E

IN MINDMAP #581

WIKIPEDIA ARTICLE CONTINUED:

A 2020 study published in the journal New Media & Society also discusses how language on the internet can contribute to online misogyny.

The authors specifically criticise Urban Dictionary, claiming the language used in the definitions are misogynistic and anti-feminist, rather than simply being a collaborative dictionary.^[83]

A 2021 study published at the meeting of

the Association for Computational Linguistics notes
that online misogyny presents differently
in different contexts.
For example:
Spanish online discussions
show a stronger presence of dominance;
Italian misogyny has a plurality of stereotyping and
objectification;
English online misogyny most frequently involves
discrediting women; and
Danish discussions primarily express neo-sexism.^[77]

Incels

Main article: Incel

WORDPLAY: INCEL = IN/CELLS = like prison cells? rk.

Incels, or involuntary celibates,

is an online community of men
who believe
they cannot get into heterosexual relationships.
They share a common belief
that women pick partners based solely on looks,
so due to their unattractiveness,
they will be alone forever.^[84]

Due to this perception of themselves,
incels in turn hate women, and
believe that men are systematically discriminated against.
Incels have a large network of male-orientated websites
dedicated to the cyber hate of women,
discrimination, and
networking of misogyny.^[85]
In the incel form of misogyny,
all women
are discriminated against,
however, women of colour
are doubly denigrated by sexism and
racism.
Incels endorse and
participate in sexism,
racism, and
mass violence.^[86]
They are not only a threat in online communities,
but they also carry their misogyny over
to killing sprees,
like the 2014 Isla Vista massacre
that inspired other incel acts of violence.^[87]
Incel existence and
rhetoric is a good example of misogyny online.

With white supremacy

Andrew Anglin

uses the white supremacist website

The Daily Stormer

as a platform
to promote misogynistic conspiracy theories,
claiming that politically active "
[w]hite women across the Western world"
are pushing for liberal immigration policies
"to ensure an endless supply of Black and
Arab men
to satisfy their depraved sexual desires".^[88]
In July 2018, Anglin summarised his misogynistic views,
writing: "Look, I hate women.
I think they deserve to be beaten,
raped and
locked in cages."^[89]
The term misogynoir
describes misogyny directed towards Black women
where prejudice based upon race and
gender
play reinforcing roles.

Psychological impact

Main article: Internalised sexism

Women who experience internalised misogyny may express it through minimising the value of women, mistrusting women, and believing gender bias in favour of men.^[90] A common manifestation of internalised misogyny is lateral violence. Misogyny has taken shape as sexual harassment.^[91]

Misogynist attitudes

lead to the physical,
sexual, and
emotional abuse
of gender nonconforming boys
in childhood.^[92]

Feminist theory

"Good" versus "bad" women

Many feminists have written that the notions of "good" women and "bad" women are imposed upon women in order to control them.

Women who are easy to control, or who advocate for their own oppression, may be told they are good.

The categories of bad and good also cause fighting among women;

Helen Lewis identifies this "long tradition of regulating female behaviour by defining women in opposition to one another" as the architecture of misogyny.^[93]

The Madonna–whore dichotomy or virgin/whore dichotomy is the perception of women as either good and chaste or as bad and promiscuous.

Belief in this dichotomy leads to misogyny, according to the feminist perspective, because the dichotomy appears to justify policing women's behaviour.

Misogynists seek to punish "bad" women for their sexuality.^[12]

Author Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie observes

that when women describe being harassed or
assaulted
(as in the #MeToo movement)
they are viewed as
deserving sympathy
only if they are "good" women:
non-sexual, and
perhaps helpless.^[94]

In her 1974 book

Woman Hating,
Andrea Dworkin
uses traditional fairy tales
to illustrate misogyny.
Fairy tales designate certain women as "good",
for example Sleeping Beauty and Snow White,
who are inert,
passive characters.
Dworkin observed that these characters
"never think,
act,
initiate,
confront,
resist,
challenge,
feel,
care, or
question.
Sometimes they are forced to do housework."
In contrast,
the "evil" women
who populate fairy tales
are queens,
witches, and
other women with power.
Further,
men in fairy tales are said to be
good kings and
good husbands
irrespective of their actions.
For Dworkin,
this illustrates that
under misogyny
only powerless women
are allowed to be seen as good.
No similar judgement is applied to men.^[95]

Andrea Dworkin

In her book

Right-Wing Women,

Dworkin adds that

powerful women are tolerated by misogynists
provided women use their power
to reinforce the power of men and
to oppose feminism.
Dworkin gives
Phyllis Schlafly and
Anita Bryant
as examples of powerful women tolerated by
anti-feminists
only because they advocated for their own oppression.
Women may even be worshipped or
called superior to men
if they are sufficiently "good",
meaning obedient
or inert.^[96]

Philosopher Kate Manne argues that

the word "misogyny"
as used by modern feminists
denotes not a generalised hatred of women,
but instead
the system of distinguishing good
from bad women.
Misogyny is like a police force,
Manne writes,
that rewards or
punishes women
based on these judgements.^[10]: 79

SEE: PDF Lentz File

Patriarchal bargain

In the late 20th century,

second-wave feminist theorists argued

that misogyny is both
a cause and
a result of
patriarchal social structures.^[97]

Economist Deniz Kandiyoti has written that

colonisers of
the Middle East,
Africa, and
Asia kept conquered armies of men under control by
offering them complete power over women.
She calls this the "patriarchal bargain".
Men who were interested in accepting the bargain
were promoted to leadership
by colonial powers,
causing the colonised societies
to become more misogynistic.^[98]

Contempt for the feminine

Julia Serano

defines misogyny as

not only hatred of women per se,
but the "tendency to dismiss and
deride femaleness and
femininity".
In this view,
misogyny also
causes homophobia against gay men
because gay men are stereotyped
as feminine and
weak;
misogyny likewise
causes anxiety
among straight men
that they will be seen as unmanly.^[99]
Serano's book
Whipping Girl argues that
most anti-trans sentiment
directed at trans women
should be understood as misogyny.
By embracing femininity,
the book argues,
trans women cast doubt on
the superiority of masculinity.^[100]

rk NOTE: For the record, I AM against anything "TRANS" because I KNOW THAT GOD AND GODDESS DO NOT MAKE MISTAKES. HUMANS ARE BORN PERFECT AS THE ARE. ONLY OTHER HUMANS INTERFERE IN THAT WAY!

Jean-Léon Gérôme, Pygmalion and Galatea, c. 1890

Culture

rewards traits that are considered masculine and devalues traits that seem feminine,

according to Tracy M. Hallstead

at Quinnipiac University.

From childhood,

boys and men are told to "man up"
to appear tough
by distancing themselves from feminine things.
Boys learn that
it is shameful to be seen as emotional,
dependent, or
vulnerable.
Men raised in this way may
disown femininity and
may even learn to despise it.
In this view,
misogyny is directed not only at women,
but at any feminine qualities that men see
within themselves.^[101]

This contempt

for the feminine,

causes men,

who feel that they must assert their dominance

over women

by controlling them,

Hallstead writes.

She illustrates this with the ancient story of Pygmalion,

a sculptor who

hated
"the faults beyond measure
which nature has given to women".^[102]
Pygmalion creates a sculpture of a woman
that magically comes alive.
Pygmalion is very gratified
by the complete control he has over the woman,
Galatea,
because this control
re-enforces his masculinity.
He considers Galatea the perfect woman,
in spite of his contempt for women,
because of his absolute power over her.^[101]

English and Welsh law

In recent years, there has been increasing discussion in England and Wales of misogyny being added to the list of aggravating factors that are commonly referred to by the media as "hate crimes".

Aggravating factors in criminal sentencing currently include hostility to a victim due to characteristics such as sexuality, race or disability.^[103]

In 2016, Nottinghamshire Police began a pilot project to record

misogynistic behaviour
as either
hate crime or
hate incidents,
depending on whether the action was
a criminal offence.^[104]
Over two years
(April 2016-March 2018)
there were 174 reports made,
of which 73 were classified as crimes and
101 as incidents.^[105]

In September 2018, it was announced that the Law Commission would conduct a review into

whether misogynistic conduct,
as well as hostility
due to ageism,
misandry or
towards groups such as
goths,
should be treated as a hate crime.^[106][107]

In October 2018,

two senior police officers,
Sara Thornton,
chair of the National Police Chiefs' Council, and
Cressida Dick,
Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police,
stated that police forces
should focus on more serious crimes
such as burglary and violent offences, and
not on recording incidents which are not crimes.^[108]
Thornton said that "treating misogyny as a hate crime
is a concern for
some well-organised campaigning organisations",
but that police forces
"do not have the resources ($)
to do everything".^[109]

In September 2020

the Law Commission proposed that sex or gender be added to the list of protected characteristics.^[110]
At the time of the Law Commission's proposals
seven police forces in England and Wales
classed misogyny as a hate crime,
but that definition had not been adopted
across the board.^[111]
A Home Office spokesperson
in October 2021 stated that
police forces had been requested to record
any crime
the victim understood
was driven by hostility to their sex.^[112]

rk NOTE: WTF?

Misogyny highlighted

Definitions

Distinctions from other terms

In sociology and psychology

Other forms of the word

Origins

Definitions

Distinctions from other terms

In sociology and psychology

Other forms of the word

Origins

Historical usage

Classical Greece

English language

Religion

Buddhism

Christianity

Islam

Sikhism

Misogynistic ideas among prominent Western thinkers

Aristotle

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Arthur Schopenhauer

Nietzsche

Hegel

Violence

Terrorism and hate crimes

Online misogyny

Coordinated attacks

Language used

Incels

With white supremacy

Psychological impact

Feminist theory

"Good" versus "bad" women

Patriarchal bargain

Contempt for the feminine

English and Welsh law

See also

Attachments