GABA

<p>Source:<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA</a>

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" ><i>gamma</i>-Aminobutyric acid</h1>

<div id="siteSub" >From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>

<div id="contentSub" >  (Redirected from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GABA&redirect=no" title="GABA" >GABA</a>)</div>

<div class="dablink" >"GABA" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_(disambiguation)" title="GABA (disambiguation)" >GABA (disambiguation)</a>.</div>

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<th colspan="2" ><i>gamma</i>-Aminobutyric acid</th>

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<div class="NavHead" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry_nomenclature" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry nomenclature" class="mw-redirect" >IUPAC name</a><a class="NavToggle" id="NavToggle1" href="javascript:toggleNavigationBar(1);" >[hide]</a></div>

<p >4-aminobutanoic acid</p>

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<th colspan="2" >Identifiers</th>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAS_registry_number" title="CAS registry number" >CAS number</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem" >PubChem</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider" >ChemSpider</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank" >DrugBank</a></td>

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<td ><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi?mode=&term=gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid" >gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI" >ChEBI</a></td>

<td ><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=59888" >CHEBI:59888</a><sup > <img src="/e6dfffbd-b4e8-5ad3-8011-771fcfb1df2e.png"/></sup></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL" >ChEMBL</a></td>

<td ><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/CHEMBL96" >CHEMBL96</a><sup > <img src="/19b8277e-3c99-5a3f-b65c-b070aab4049d.png"/></sup></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Union_of_Basic_and_Clinical_Pharmacology" title="International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology" >IUPHAR ligand</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jmol" title="Jmol" >Jmol</a>-3D images</td>

<td ><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=C%28CC%28%3DO%29O%29CN" >Image 1</a></td>

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<div align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplified_molecular_input_line_entry_specification" title="Simplified molecular input line entry specification" class="mw-redirect" >SMILES</a></div>

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<div align="center"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Chemical_Identifier" title="International Chemical Identifier" >InChI</a></div>

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<th colspan="2" >Properties</th>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula" >Molecular formula</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass" >Molar mass</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point" >Melting point</a></td>

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<td ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant" title="Acid dissociation constant" >Acidity</a> (p<i>K</i><sub >a</sub>)</td>

<td >4.23 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA#cite_note-0" >[1]</a></sup></td>

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<td colspan="2" > <img src="/d1784df1-2c39-5859-bfe2-fc4b54abf2f0.png"/> <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=443831714&page2=Gamma-Aminobutyric+acid" >(verify)</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation" >(what is:</a> <img src="/e801da9f-905c-594a-afac-45f78cef9824.png"/>/<img src="/1b09f3b5-5ede-50f6-bd73-746e7c10b7be.png"/>?)

Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state" >standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)</a></td>

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<td colspan="2" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox" >Infobox references</a></td>

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<p ><b>γ-Aminobutyric acid</b> (<img src="/b8b40c0e-d713-5fa2-bda0-87418b5f84e9.png"/> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >ˈɡæmə</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" > əˈmiːnoʊbjuːˈtɪrɨk</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" > ˈæsɨd</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >/</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Wikipedia:Pronunciation respelling key" ><i><b>gam</b>-ə ə-<b>mee</b>-noh-bew-<b>tirr</b>-ik</i></a>; or <b>GABA</b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >/</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >ˈɡæbə</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" title="Wikipedia:IPA for English" >/</a>) is the chief inhibitory <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotransmitter" title="Neurotransmitter" >neurotransmitter</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal" >mammalian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system" >central nervous system</a>. It plays a role in regulating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron" title="Neuron" >neuronal</a> excitability throughout the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system" >nervous system</a>. In humans, GABA is also directly responsible for the regulation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tone" title="Muscle tone" >muscle tone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid11837891_1-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA#cite_note-pmid11837891-1" >[2]</a></sup>

Although chemically it is an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid" >amino acid</a>, GABA is rarely referred to as such in the scientific or medical communities, because the term "amino acid," used without a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qualifier" title="Qualifier" class="mw-redirect" >qualifier</a>, conventionally refers to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid" >alpha amino acids</a>, which GABA is not, nor is it ever incorporated into a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein" title="Protein" >protein</a>.

In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spastic_diplegia" title="Spastic diplegia" >spastic diplegia</a> in humans, GABA absorption becomes impaired by nerves damaged from the condition's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_motor_neuron" title="Upper motor neuron" >upper motor neuron</a> lesion, which leads to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertonia" title="Hypertonia" >hypertonia</a> of the muscles signaled by those nerves that can no longer absorb GABA.</p>

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