Rio Tinto

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</div><div> =<div class="elititle-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 2rem; margin-top: -0.4em; letter-spacing: 0.5px;"><a href="https://www.corpwatch.org/article/rio-tinto-blows-46000-year-old-sacred-aboriginal-site-quest-iron-ore" hreflang="en" style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.03rem; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; font-weight: 700;">Rio Tinto Blows Up 46,000 Year Old Sacred Aboriginal Site in Quest for Iron Ore</a></div><div class="elitags" style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Industries: <a href="https://www.corpwatch.org/industries/energy-mining-utilities" hreflang="en" style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.03rem; text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: 700;">Energy, Mining & Utilities</a></div><div class="elimeta" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">Published by CorpWatch | By Michelle Lee | Friday, July 3, 2020</div><div class="elibody-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 0px; letter-spacing: 0.5px;">The Juukan Gorge, a 46,000 year-old sacred Aboriginal site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia was <a href="https://www.9news.com.au/national/rio-tinto-mining-destroyed-indigenous-aboriginal-site-juukan-gorge-protest-perth/24e64258-8dd8-4c12-bf04-4ee40065e567" style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.03rem; text-decoration-line: none;">blown up</a> by Rio Tinto, the world’s second largest mining company, in a quest for iron ore, despite the fact that company exec<a class="eliread-more" href="https://www.corpwatch.org/article/rio-tinto-blows-46000-year-old-sacred-aboriginal-site-quest-iron-ore" style="box-sizing: border-box; letter-spacing: 0.03rem; text-decoration-line: none;">Read More</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div></div><div>
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<div class="widgetbrief" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The chief executive officer and two senior executives are being forced out of the mining giant Rio Tinto several months after investors started to revolt over the company's <a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/rio-tinto-ancient-aboriginal-site-2646131338.html

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==" /><a href="http://www.desmog.ca/2015/06/03/kitimat-residents-muzzled-speaking-out-rio-tinto-alcan-s-plan-increase-air-pollution">http://www.desmog.ca/2015/06/03/kitimat-residents-muzzled-speaking-out-rio-tinto-alcan-s-plan-increase-air-pollution</a>

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UNFCCC status: The Business Council of Australia (BCA) member base is made up of 127 CEOs from Australia’s biggest and wealthiest companies.112-113 
The council serves as a “way in” to the world of policy debate for its members.114 It is funded by bigtime polluters that also play a lead role in deciding its priorities, and its president is an executive of a major polluter. The BCA has given almost no nod to the severity of climate change, its causes, or the dire need for mitigation, and it supports the Paris Agreement only insofar as it does not burden businesses. Consistent with this stance, it has opposed climate policies and dismissed key targets of the Paris Agreement as far-fetched. Links to the fossil fuel industry Polluters BHP Billiton, BP, Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Shell, and RioTinto all pay to get access to BCA’s services.115 Senior staff from RioTinto and BP Australia sit on three of its committees and task forces.116-118 What it says about climate change and its causes Although the BCA participates in UNFCCC negotiations, its website makes no direct reference to the cause or extent of climate change. In fact, the only strong stance BCA has taken on climate change is to highlight short-term economic costs of climate policies and action.119-120 Public stance on the UNFCCC or the Paris Agreement The BCA has asserted it supports Australia’s ratification of the Paris Agreement. However, it has couched this support by stressing the need to meet climate commitments “while maintaining its [BCA’s] international competitiveness and achieving sustainable economic growth.”121 Track record on climate policy ● BCA president on Big Oil’s payroll. As of March 2017, current BCA President Grant King was appointed as a director of BHP Billiton,122 a leading mining corporation with substantial interests in oil and gas, was one of a group of corporations accused last year of polluting the atmosphere to the point of violating human rights.123 Prior to his post at BCA, King also headed other gas and energy companies, including Origin Energy and AGL Gas.122 ● Opposed Australia’s carbon tax. The BCA lobbied against and supported the repeal of Australia’s carbon tax, calling it a “burden on business” and describing its removal as “essential as the first priority.”124 ● Has denounced curbing global warming as “unrealistic.” The BCA has opposed further reductions in Australia’s emissions targets. It argues that Australia should not prioritize decreasing its own emissions due to the fact that other countries have been slow to act.125 ● BCA members at the center of controversial Australian Bight project. BCA members, including oil giants BP and Chevron, have been under fire for their controversial plans to drill for oil in the Great Australian Bight, a nature reserve off the coast of Australia.126 Although BP pulled back from its drilling plans in late 2016 after failing to meet regulatory requirements,127-128 Chevron is still pursuing its US$400 million scheme with BCA at its side.129 ● In BCA’s world, there are no climate risks or liabilities. BCA’s 2014-2015 “A Year in Review” hardly mentioned climate change or mitigating risk to the environment. Its 2015- 2016 annual review also fails to commit to climate change as a priority. It does, however, highlight the important role of gas moving forward.130-131 Its priorities for the year ahead suggest it is only willing to support energy and climate policies that protect industry interests and “support competitiveness.”==

===http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/08/2011823133628702154.html<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important; display: inline !important; background: transparent;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Investing in conflict-affected and high-risk areas is a growing concern for responsible businesses and investors. Often times companies based in developed countries operate in lesser-developed foreign markets, where governance standards are lax, corruption is high and business practices are poor.</div><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important; background: transparent;">These pieces focus on one specific Anglo-Australian company and their American partner that jointly operate a mine in West Papua, one of the poorest provinces of Indonesia. The risks for the company include the potential to contribute to environmental and social damage in a foreign market. The risks for investors include financing a company that does not get its risk management right. <p style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important; background: transparent;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">This is the first in a four-part essay that examines how the Norwegian Pension Fund came to blacklist Rio Tinto.<p style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important; background: transparent;">Part 1: The blacklisting of Rio Tinto<p style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important; background: transparent;">An ancient copper mine located near Huelva in southernmost Spain changed hands in 1873. A group of opportunistic Anglo-German investors, equipped with modern techniques that favored mining aboveground, acquired it from the Spanish government. The mine's copper had stained the surrounding water to such an extent that the indigenes named the river Rio Tinto - literally meaning "red river".</div></div><p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">The mine at Rio Tinto had supplied the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks, Carthaginians, and the Roman Empire. Its copper had paid for Carthage's numerous wars on Rome and had been held by both Scipio and Hannibal. We can only assume that these investors, aware of such indelible marks on the environment and history, missed the irony, because they named their company Rio Tinto.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">However, the red river has since flowed a long way from home. The company has expanded its operations through Australia, North and South America, Asia, Europe, and southern Africa - across coal, aluminum, copper, diamonds, uranium, gold, industrial minerals, and iron ore. Rio Tinto is now so large that its dual listing on the Australian and London stock exchanges commands a value of over $100bn.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">What's left behind near the Spanish town of Huelva is a 58-mile-long river flowing through one of the world's largest deposits of pyrite, or fool's gold. Because of the mine, the river has a pH reading similar to that of automobile battery acid and contains virtually no oxygen in its lower depths. In the late 1980s, temporary flooding dissolved a power substation, a mandibular crusher, and several hundred yards of transport belts.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">More recently, NASA astrobiologists used the conditions of the river to replicate the conditions of Mars. "If you remove the green," one of them <a class="InternalLink" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2002/aug/24/world/fg-tinto24" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">remarked</a>, "it looks like Mars". The thinking goes that if something could live in such an acidic river, then there is likely to be life on Mars too.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Every Australian - through public monies invested by elected governments, or their choice of superannuation fund, insurer, and bank - is funding this red river now too. Rio Tinto is so large and so profitable that, for the average Australian, investment in it is very near unavoidable.<div style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p class="H1" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important; background: transparent;">Blacklisted</div><p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">On September 9, 2008, amid the turmoil of the global financial crisis, the Norwegian government announced that it had liquidated its entire $1bn investment in Rio Tinto for "grossly unethical conduct". Operating the second largest fund in the world, the Norwegians' decision focused solely on the Grasberg mine in West Papua on New Guinea, which <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/2105350/Recommendation%20RT%20final.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">it believed posed</a> the "unacceptable risk" of contributing to "severe environmental damage" if it were to continue funding the Anglo-Australian mining giant.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Rio Tinto had been blacklisted.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The following day, Rio Tinto's <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.riotinto.com/media/news_12275.asp" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">official statement</a> relayed that the company was "surprised and disappointed", given both its recognised leadership in environmental sustainability and its noncontrolling interest in the Grasberg mine. As with most claims of sustainability, the truth is otherwise.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Rio Tinto should not have been surprised by the Norwegian stance on Grasberg.<a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/1956975/F%20Recommendation%20Final.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Records show</a> that there had been months - in fact, years - of dialogue with the Norwegians about Grasberg's inadequate environmental and social performance. Rio Tinto had faced a litany of signposts indicating that multinational and Indonesian involvement in West Papua was not meeting various standards, laws, and norms: Institutions such as the World Bank, the Australian Council for Overseas Aid, the International Finance Corporation, the Overseas Private Investment Commission, the United Nations Committee against Torture, the US State Department, and the Indonesian Environment Ministry, as well as many US and European politicians, independent environmental assessments, international media, Papuan leaders, civil society groups, and shareholders had brought the problems to Rio Tinto's attention.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">That an institutional investor should act on environmental, social, and corporate governance considerations is a newly evolving development within the global investment industry, and one in which many Australian institutional investors and service providers have been quick to claim leadership. However, the blacklisting of Rio Tinto by the Norwegian government was uniquely public, transparent, and forward-thinking. Yet this wholesale dumping of one of Australia's blue-chip stocks received only syndicated coverage in the local media.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Behind the headlines of the global financial crisis is a deeper, more systemic fault line that rewards rampant capitalism. Too many invest in and operate mines such as Grasberg without any consideration of the ethics of so doing.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Read part two: <a class="InternalLink" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/201182814172453998.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">West Papua: A history of exploitation</a>.
<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">This is an extract of a chapter from the book, Evolutions in Sustainable Investing: Strategies, Funds and Thought Leadership, to be<a class="InternalLink" href="http://au.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470888490.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">published by Wiley</a> in December 2011.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span class="x_Apple-style-span" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.najtaylor.com/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">NAJ Taylor</a> is a PhD candidate in the School of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Queensland, and lecturer in the Faculty of Law and Management at La Trobe University.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Follow him on Twitter: <a class="InternalLink" href="http://twitter.com/#!/najtaylor" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">@najtaylor</a>

part 3<a href="http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/08/2011828142858857222.html">http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2011/08/2011828142858857222.html</a><p style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">e third chapter of a four-part essay that examines how the Norwegian Pension Fund came to blacklist the mining giant Rio Tinto. If you missed them, catch up with the earlier chapters: <a class="InternalLink" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/2011823133628702154.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">1. The blacklisting of Rio Tinto</a>, and be <a class="InternalLink" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/201182814172453998.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">2. West Papua: A history of exploitation</a>.<p style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Part 3: Mining companies funded abuses<p class="ListNumberedCxSpLast" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">In February 1995, Anglo-Australian mining giant Rio Tinto announced three deals that secured access into Grasberg, a massive gold and copper mine in the Indonesian province of West Papua.<p class="ListNumberedCxSpLast" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">First, Rio Tinto agreed to invest $500m of new capital in Arizona-based mining corporation Freeport for a 12 per cent stake in the US business. Second, Rio Tinto agreed to finance a $184m expansion of the Grasberg mine. In return, it received 40 per cent of post-1995 production revenue that exceeded certain output targets and, from 2021, a 40 per cent stake in all production. Finally, Rio Tinto would receive 40 per cent of all production from new excavations elsewhere within West Papua.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Rio Tinto was effectively doing business with Indonesian dictator Suharto, too.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">In response, Freeport told shareholders that Rio Tinto would "contribute substantial operating and management expertise" through proportional representation on the board - as well as on various Grasberg operating and technical committees, from which the "policies established by the [board] will be implemented and operation will be conducted".<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Speaking of the "exceptional potential" of the deal, Rio Tinto's then chief executive, Robert Wilson, <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.secinfo.com/dpBXk.ab.d.htm" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">agreed that</a> "given [Rio Tinto's] experience in other major open-pit copper ore bodies such as Bingham Canyon, Palabora and Escondida, we anticipate considerable mutual benefit".<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Rio Tinto obviously liked how Freeport-Indonesia did business, especially at Grasberg.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">US government: Grasberg contravenes the Foreign Assistance Act
<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">By October 1995, an independent US government agency had cancelled Freeport's international political risk insurance. The insurer, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), specifically cited the Grasberg mine operation as contravening the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which required that "overseas investment projects do not pose unreasonable or major environmental hazards or cause the degradation of tropical forests". Freeport was the first policyholder to be terminated by the OPIC for ethical violations, despite President Suharto and Freeport director Henry Kissinger heavily lobbying the US government to reinstate the policy. Following OPIC's decision, the company did not disclose the environmental performance of the mine again until 2003 - it no longer had to.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">For a brief time in 2000 and 2001, a particularly sympathetic Indonesian environment minister, Sonny Keraf, pursued numerous avenues to impose penalties and fines on Grasberg, including an unsuccessful attempt to invoke the criminal section of the 1997 Environmental Law to cease Freeport-Indonesia's riverine method of <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.tailings.info/tailings.htm" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">tailings</a> disposal, by which the corporation fed the mine's waste product into nearby rivers. Under pressure for his pursuit of the part-Indonesian-owned Freeport, Keraf was replaced following the 2001 election.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">As Suharto's reign came to an end, an increasing number of West Papuans also began to campaign against the environmental and social impact of Grasberg. Papuan leaders brought the matter before the US Federal District Court in April 1996 and before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights of the US House of Representatives in May 1999. Many more attempts, including one to address shareholders at Rio Tinto's 1998 annual general meeting in London, were foiled by Indonesian authorities.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Building on restrictions introduced in 1991, the US government banned arms transfers to Indonesia for widespread human rights violations in East Timor in 1999. Consequently, Freeport's payments to the Indonesian military and security forces were more closely scrutinised. The <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Wall Street Journal found that, between 1991 and 1997, Freeport guaranteed more than $500m in loans so that Suharto's family and allies could purchase a stake in the mine - a great portion of which was written off by Freeport in 2003.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">An outspoken Australian academic, Lesley McCulloch, <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.bicc.de/budget/events/milbus/confpapers/mcculloch.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">also found that</a> the 1996 Timika riots adjacent to the Grasberg mine led to a spike in monetary demands by the Indonesian military, resulting in the funding of a $35m army base. Freeport and Rio Tinto refused to disclose details of the payments.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">A history of violence<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Then in August 2002, two US teachers and an Indonesian employee of Freeport-Indonesia were murdered at the Grasberg mine complex. Following one rebel's admission that he was a business partner of the Indonesian military, several New York City pension (superannuation) funds formally requested that Freeport disclose the nature of its Indonesian "security" payments. The shareholders were concerned that such payments violated the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Although Freeport was not required to put the proposal to shareholders, the company did begin to disclose its security-related payments. Filings with the US Securities and Exchange Commission since 2001 have confirmed annual payments reaching an average $5m each year for government-provided security of the Grasberg complex and its staff - and fluctuating annual costs reaching $12m for unarmed, in-house security costs. A spokesman for the company later told the Jakarta Post that these payments had been taking place since the 1970s.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Sporadic accounts began to surface - in the Sydney Morning Herald, Jakarta Post, and New York Times - quoting internal sources that confirmed that the Indonesian had masterminded the killings to extort monies from the Grasberg operators. "Not surprisingly, the Indonesian military has exonerated itself," US Congressmen Joel Hefley and Tom Tancredo <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.etan.org/news/2003a/10col.htm" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">said in June 2003</a>. "American investigative teams, including the FBI, have not been able to complete their investigations mainly due to the Indonesian military's refusal to co-operate and tampering of evidence."<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Freeport remained steadfastly opposed to later demands by New York City pension fund investors to cease all payments to the Indonesians until they complied with official US investigations into the August 2002 murders. At the 2004 annual general meeting, president and chief executive Richard Adkerson <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.fcx.com/ir/AR/2003/pdf/fcx-proxy2003.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">advised shareholders</a>: "The management and Board believe that the stockholder proposal mischaracterises the company's relationships with Indonesian security institutions and suggests actions that would undermine the company's relationship with the Indonesian government and the security of the company's operations."<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Despite the ongoing human rights and corruption concerns in West Papua - including a report by the World Bank and a letter by US senators to then UN Secretary General Kofi Annan calling for the appointment of a special representative to Indonesia - after a vote by shareholders, the resolution was not passed.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">On March 23, 2004, Rio Tinto announced it had sold its 11.9 per cent shareholding in Freeport. Rio Tinto made a $518m profit. Citing no environmental or social reasons, Rio Tinto's then-chief executive Leigh Clifford <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.riotinto.com/media/18435_media_releases_3383.asp" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">reassured shareholders that</a> "the sale of [Freeport] does not affect the terms of the joint venture nor the management of the Grasberg mine" and that through "our significant direct interest in Grasberg, we will continue to benefit from our relationship with Freeport".<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Rio Tinto remained committed to the mining of Grasberg and would continue overseeing its management through various operating and technical committees.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Sensational claims that illegal payments to individual soldiers, units, and policemen had been routinely made to secure the Grasberg complex and its staff came to light in 2005. A report by Global Witness revealed that an additional $10m had been paid directly to individual military and police commanders between 1998 and 2004. This included $247,000 between May 2001 and March 2003 to General Mahidin Simbolon, former head of the 1999 East Timor massacre, and monthly payments throughout 2003 to the police Mobile Brigade - a group cited by the US State Department <a class="InternalLink" href="http://resources.revenuewatch.org/sites/default/files/Global%20Witness-Paying%20for%20Protection.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">as having</a> "continued to commit numerous serious human rights violations, including extrajudicial killings, torture, rape, and arbitrary detention".<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">With the US arms trade embargo still in place, Rio Tinto had reassured the market that payments to the Indonesian military were "legally required and legitimate" only months before the news broke. Now Rio Tinto and Freeport-Indonesia came under even greater public pressure. At Rio Tinto's next shareholder meeting, after several West Papuans refugees made statements to the board on Grasberg, shareholder activist Stephen Mayne <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.maynereport.com/articles/2009/01/22-1202-2283.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">suggested</a> that "the most appropriate thing for Rio Tinto to do would be to exit". After confirming that Rio Tinto's contractual obligations would permit such a move, then-chairman Sir Rod Eddington <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.maynereport.com/articles/2009/01/22-1202-2283.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">informed shareholders</a> that they "make a considerable effort to ensure that the best that Rio Tinto can offer to Freeport in the management of that venture is available to them".??<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">An Indonesian ministerial decree in 2007 demanded that the security of "vital national objects" - such as Grasberg - be handed over to the police within six months. Evidence obtained by world news service AFP suggests this is not happening. In a filing to the US Securities and Exchange Commission, Freeport disclosed <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jJMKtoD9LnT34URkkkJmTjaSf8EA" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">additional direct payments</a> of "less than" $1.6m in 2008 to 1,850 soldiers, despite the fact that 447 policemen make up the official number of personnel responsible for security at the Grasberg complex.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Unrepentant
<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The company's 2008 Sustainable Development report <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.fcx.com/envir/wtsd/pdf-wtsd/2008/WTSD_2008.pdf" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">confirms that</a> Freeport-Indonesia makes contributions to "security institutions (including both police and military)". Alarmingly, <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,AMNESTY,,IDN,,4a1fade478,0.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">according to Amnesty International</a>, as recently as 2008 there have been fundamental human rights violations such as the "torture, excessive use of force and unlawful killings by police and security forces" - reports that have subsequently been confirmed by the UN Special Representative of the Secretary General on Human Rights Defenders and the United Nations Committee against Torture.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">"There is no alternative to our reliance on the Indonesian military and police," Freeport chairman James Moffett <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/27/international/asia/27gold.html?pagewanted=print" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">said to the New York Times</a>  in 2005. "The need for this security, the support provided for such security, and the procedures governing such support, as well as decisions regarding our relationships with the Indonesian government and its security institutions, are ordinary business activities."<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;">Read the concluding chapter: <a class="InternalLink" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/opinion/2011/08/201182913613680545.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Norway's 'ethical divestment' from Rio Tinto</a>.
<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">This is an extract of a chapter from the book, Evolutions in Sustainable Investing: Strategies, Funds and Thought Leadership, to be<a class="InternalLink" href="http://au.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470888490.html" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">published by Wiley</a> in December 2011.<p class="Para" style="margin-top: 0.8em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 38em; line-height: 22.4px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.8em !important;"><span class="x_Apple" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">NAJ Taylor is a <a class="InternalLink" href="http://www.najtaylor.com/" target="blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">PhD candidate</a> in the School of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Queensland, and author of <a class="InternalLink" href="http://thisblogharms.com/" target="_blank" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">This Blog Harms</a>.

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<h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0.25em; border: 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.15em; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/09/20/2656431/house-republicans-help-mining/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">In The Midst Of The Budget Battle, Congress Is Handing Out Favors To The Mining Industry</a></h4>

BY JESSICA GOAD, GUEST BLOGGER ON SEPTEMBER 20, 2013

<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2013/09/20/2656431/house-republicans-help-mining/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none;">With one week to go until a potential government shutdown, the House of Representatives moves to help mining companies bypass environmental rules.</a>

With reports that the Republican party is in a state of “<a href="http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2013/09/18/2646991/republican-civil-war-breaks-twitter/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">civil war</a>” over whether to shut down the government and default on the nation’s debts as part of its <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/13/tim-huelskamp-obamacare-repeal_n_3921960.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">42nd effort to defund Obamacare</a>, House Republicans are in clear agreement on at least one thing: giving mining and timber companies a sweetheart deal on publicly-owned resources and exempting them from environmental laws.

By several measures, the mining industry already enjoys the benefits of friendly laws and environmental loopholes. Under the <a href="http://www.earthworksaction.org/issues/detail/general_mining_law_of_1872" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">General Mining Law of 1872</a>, for example, mining companies pay no royalties on the gold, silver, copper, and other taxpayer-owned minerals that they extract from taxpayer-owned public lands. And the industry is <a href="http://www.earthworksaction.org/files/publications/FACTSHEET_Mining-industry-exploits-clean-water-act-loopholes.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">exempt from portions</a> of environmental laws like the Clean Water Act.

And yet, these facts didn’t stop National Mining Association — which spent nearly <a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000000308" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">$5 million on lobbying</a> last year alone — CEO Hal Quinn from <a href="http://www.eenews.net/eedaily/stories/1059987504/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">complaining</a> that the industry:

…remain[s] burdened by an antiquated and duplicative permitting system that discourages investment and jeopardizes the growth of downstream industries, related jobs and technological innovation that depend on a secure and reliable mineral supply chain.

</blockquote>

One of the bills, which will likely be up for a vote next week, is the <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-113hr687rh/pdf/BILLS-113hr687rh.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Southeast Arizona Land Exchange and Conservation Act of 2013</a> (H.R. 687). It would require the U.S. Forest Service to trade publicly-owned forest lands that contain a major copper deposit for certain private lands owned by the Resolution Copper Mining company, a subsidiary of <a href="http://resolutioncopper.com/about-us/the-company/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">multinational mining conglomerates</a> Rio Tinto and BHP-Billiton.

The bill not only gives away taxpayer-owned copper deposits to a private company, but it also <a href="http://azstarnet.com/business/delay-of-environmental-study-crux-of-resolution-copper-debate-opponents/article_ac1ab2fc-a4c6-5ed3-a077-3416f7fbf9e9.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">bypasses</a> the standard requirement that the federal government analyze the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of land exchanges under the National Environmental Policy Act.

H.R. 687 is strongly opposed by rock climbers whose <a href="http://azstarnet.com/business/delay-of-environmental-study-crux-of-resolution-copper-debate-opponents/article_ac1ab2fc-a4c6-5ed3-a077-3416f7fbf9e9.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">access to the recreation areas</a> would be lost by the privatization, as well as <a href="http://www.eacourier.com/news/tribe-kirkpatrick-clash-over-resolution-copper/article_0b871794-1ca2-11e3-bfef-0019bb2963f4.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Native American tribes</a> who have sacred sites on the land.

The second bill, the <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-113hr761rh/pdf/BILLS-113hr761rh.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2013</a> (H.R. 761) passed the House on Wednesday night and gives the mining industry several new shortcuts around environmental protections. It would allow federal agencies, for example, to declare that a proposed mining project does not constitute “<a href="http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/sslesinger/house_republicans_riding_rough.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">a major federal action</a>” and therefore permit applications would not need to be subjected to environmental review and public comment. It also places an <a href="http://naturalresources.house.gov/legislation/hr761/" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">arbitrary deadline</a> of 30 months on any permitting decisions regardless of the size of the project or controversy.

Mining interests aren’t the only ones getting a great deal in the House this week. The chamber today is also debating the <a href="http://docs.house.gov/billsthisweek/20130916/CPRT-113-HPRT-RU00-HR1526.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Restoring Healthy Forests for Healthy Communities Act</a> (H.R. 1526) which would — for the first time ever — legislatively mandate levels of logging in national forests. The Obama administration has threatened to veto the bill, saying that it would not only “undermine appropriate management and stewardship of these lands which belong to all Americans,” but would “<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/legislative/sap/113/saphr1526r_20130918.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">increase litigation risk</a>.”

Jessica Goad is the Manager of Research and Outreach for the Public Lands Project at the Center for American Progress.

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto</a>

Rio Tinto (formerly <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto_Zinc" title="Rio Tinto Zinc" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto Zinc</a>) is one of the world's largest mining companies. It is a dual listed company registered in both the United Kingom and Australia.

<h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background-image: none;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Case_Studies" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Case Studies</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Mining_interests" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Mining interests</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Coal_Mines" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2.1 Coal Mines</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Personnel" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 Personnel</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Directors" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.1 Directors</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Executive_committee" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.2 Executive committee</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Other_Personnel" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3.3 Other Personnel</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Other_affiliations" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">4 Other affiliations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Contact_details" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5 Contact details</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Resources_and_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6 Resources and articles</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Critical_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6.1 Critical Resources</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Critical_Films" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6.2 Critical Films</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#Related_Sourcewatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6.3 Related Sourcewatch articles</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">6.4 References</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">7 External links</a></li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Case Studies</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto_and_the_FTSE4Good_Index" title="Rio Tinto and the FTSE4Good Index" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto and the FTSE4Good Index</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto%27s_uranium_mining_interests" title="Rio Tinto's uranium mining interests" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto's uranium mining interests</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto%27s_coal_interests" title="Rio Tinto's coal interests" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto's coal interests</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto%27s_Mine_of_the_Future_project" title="Rio Tinto's Mine of the Future project" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto's Mine of the Future project</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Mining interests</h2>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Coal Mines</h3>

In October 2010, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh officially opened the $1.3 billion <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Clermont_coal_mine" title="Clermont coal mine" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Clermont coal mine</a> in Central Queensland. Rio Tinto's new thermal coal mine near is expected to increase production to 12 million tonnes of coal a year by 2013. The mine is already operating on a lower output after construction began two years ago, and a mine life of 17 years is expected.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a>

Rio Tinto has a 70% share in <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Zar_Kuh_Mining" title="Zar Kuh Mining" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Zar Kuh Mining</a> Company.

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Personnel</h2>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Directors</h3>

Accessed June 2009:

Chairman and executive directors <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jan_du_Plessis" title="Jan du Plessis" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jan du Plessis</a> - Chairman</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tom_Albanese" title="Tom Albanese" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Tom Albanese</a> - Chief executive, London</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Guy_Elliott&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guy Elliott (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Guy Elliott</a> - Finance director, London</li>

</ul>

Non executive directors <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sir <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Clementi" title="David Clementi" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">David Clementi</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Vivienne_Cox" title="Vivienne Cox" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Vivienne Cox</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sir <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rod_Eddington" title="Rod Eddington" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rod Eddington</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_Fitzpatrick_(Australia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Fitzpatrick (Australia) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Michael Fitzpatrick (Australia)</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Yves_Fortier" title="Yves Fortier" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Yves Fortier</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_Goodmanson" title="Richard Goodmanson" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Richard Goodmanson</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Andrew_Gould" title="Andrew Gould" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Andrew Gould</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lord_Kerr_of_Kinlochard" title="Lord Kerr of Kinlochard" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lord Kerr of Kinlochard</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Mayhew" title="David Mayhew" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">David Mayhew</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Paul_Tellier" title="Paul Tellier" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Paul Tellier</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Executive committee</h3>

Accessed June 2009: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Grant_Thorne" title="Grant Thorne" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Grant Thorne</a> - Group executive Technology and Innovation</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hugo_Bague&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugo Bague (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Hugo Bague</a> - Group executive People and Organisation</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Debra_Valentine" title="Debra Valentine" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Debra Valentine</a> - Group executive Legal and External Affairs</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Preston_Chiaro" title="Preston Chiaro" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Preston Chiaro</a> - Chief executive Energy, London</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bret_Clayton" title="Bret Clayton" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bret Clayton</a> - Chief executive Copper, London</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sam_Walsh" title="Sam Walsh" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sam Walsh</a> - Chief executive Iron Ore, Perth</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jacynthe_Cote" title="Jacynthe Cote" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jacynthe Cote</a> - Chief executive Rio Tinto Alcan, Montreal</li>

</ul>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Other Personnel</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stephen_Crease" title="Stephen Crease" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Stephen Crease</a> is the Managing Director of Rio Tinto Australia.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Phillip_Strachan" title="Phillip Strachan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Phillip Strachan</a>, Chief Financial Officer</li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Other affiliations</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Rio Tinto are working in partnership with the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Centre_for_Social_Responsibility_in_Mining" title="Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining</a>. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Member, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ash_Development_Association_of_Australia" title="Ash Development Association of Australia" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Ash Development Association of Australia</a>, a lobby group promoting the use of ash from coal-fired power stations in building materials and other uses.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Contact details</h2>

Rio Tinto plc

6 St James's Square

London SW1Y 4LD

United Kingdom

t: +44 (0) 20 7930 2399

Rio Tinto Limited

55 Collins Street

Melbourne 3001

Australia

t: +61 (0) 3 9283 3333

Web:<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.riotinto.com/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">http://www.riotinto.com</a>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">Resources and articles</h2>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Critical Resources</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Richard West, River of Tears: The Rise of the Rio Tinto-Zinc Mining Corporation (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Earth_Island_Ltd&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Earth Island Ltd (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Earth Island Ltd</a>, 1972).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Roger_Moody" title="Roger Moody" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Roger Moody</a>, PLUNDER!: The Story of Rio Tinto Zinc (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Partizans" title="Partizans" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Partizans</a>, 1992).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">ICEM, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfmeu.com.au/storage/documents/rio/RT_BTF.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF/+17Es/QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI+Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f/l8V12Ti7uhFFgDj19b58EwXuqkAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto - Behind the Facade</a>", ICEM, May 1999.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Anna Pha, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpa.org.au/amrarch/42athcpa.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Contribution by the Communist Party of Australia</a>", Central Committee Secretariat, Communist Party of Australia; International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties, Athens, June 23-25, 2000.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Sue Boland, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenleft.org.au/2000/419/22857" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto: founded on blood</a>", Green Left Weekly, September 6, 2000.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Danny Kennedy, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=1520" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto: Global Compact Violator - PT Kelian: A Case Study of Global Operations</a>", <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Project_Underground" title="Project Underground" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Project Underground</a>, July 13, 2001.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Wahana_Lingkungan_Hidup_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia</a> (WALHI), Undermining Indonesia: Adverse social and environmental impacts of Rio Tinto's mining operations in Indonesia (WALHI, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2003).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jane_Perlez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Perlez (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jane Perlez</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Raymond_Bonner" title="Raymond Bonner" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Raymond Bonner</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.minesandcommunities.org/article.php?a=989" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Freeport-Rio Tinto: Gold's other price</a>", New York Times, December 28, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (WALHI), The Environmental Impacts of Freeport-Rio Tinto's Copper and Gold Mining Operation in Papua (WALHI, Jakarta. 2006).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wri-irg.org/node/362" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">War Profiteer of the Month: Rio Tinto Alcan</a>", <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/War_Resisters_International" title="War Resisters International" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">War Resisters International</a>, December 1, 2007.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waronwant.org/news/press-releases/16338-rio-tinto-axe-sparks-divestment-call" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto axe sparks divestment call</a>", War on Want, September 10, 2008.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gabriel_Caplett" title="Gabriel Caplett" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Gabriel Caplett</a>, “Rio Tinto: Investing in Instability,” Northwoods Wilderness Recovery, March 2008.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Michael Barker, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swans.com/library/art15/barker22.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Dreams of Social Responsibility: Rio Tinto, Capitalism, and Indigenous Rights</a>", Swans Commentary, June 15, 2009.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfmeu.com.au/storage/documents/rio/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">CFMEU Rio Tinto Campaign Page</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Critical Films</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/David_Bradbury" title="David Bradbury" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">David Bradbury</a>, “Jabiluka” (1997).</li>

</ul>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">Related Sourcewatch articles</h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Coal_companies_statements_on_climate_change_science" title="Coal companies statements on climate change science" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Coal companies statements on climate change science</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/People_against_Rio_Tinto_and_its_Subsidiaries" title="People against Rio Tinto and its Subsidiaries" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">People against Rio Tinto and its Subsidiaries</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto_Aboriginal_Fund" title="Rio Tinto Aboriginal Fund" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto Aboriginal Fund</a> and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto_WA_Future_Fund" title="Rio Tinto WA Future Fund" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto WA Future Fund</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kennecott_Minerals" title="Kennecott Minerals" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Kennecott Minerals</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Global_Compact" title="Global Compact" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Global Compact</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Hydrogen_Energy" title="Hydrogen Energy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Hydrogen Energy</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Hydrogen_Energy_California" title="Hydrogen Energy California" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Hydrogen Energy California</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Minerals_Council_of_Australia" title="Minerals Council of Australia" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Minerals Council of Australia</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Uranium_Information_Centre" title="Uranium Information Centre" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Uranium Information Centre</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Leigh_Clifford" title="Leigh Clifford" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Leigh Clifford</a> - former chief executive</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ian_Strachan" title="Ian Strachan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Ian Strachan</a> - former Deputy Chief Executive (1991 to 1995) and Chief Financial Officer (1987 to 1991)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Corporate_market_share_of_global_coal_export_trade" title="Corporate market share of global coal export trade" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Corporate market share of global coal export trade</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kalahari_Minerals" title="Kalahari Minerals" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Kalahari Minerals</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Argyle_Diamonds" title="Argyle Diamonds" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Argyle Diamonds</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Paul_Skinner" title="Paul Skinner" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Paul Skinner</a> - former chair</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dick_Evans_(Australia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dick Evans (Australia) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Dick Evans (Australia)</a> - Executive director & Chief executive, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto_Alcan" title="Rio Tinto Alcan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Rio Tinto Alcan</a>, Montreal</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Richard_Sykes" title="Richard Sykes" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Richard Sykes</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sir_Martin_Jacomb" title="Sir Martin Jacomb" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sir Martin Jacomb</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lord_Tugendhat" title="Lord Tugendhat" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lord Tugendhat</a> , - former board members</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Energy_Resources_of_Australia" title="Energy Resources of Australia" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Energy Resources of Australia</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Charlie_Lenegan" title="Charlie Lenegan" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Charlie Lenegan</a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; background-image: none;">References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_ref-0" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/rural/news/content/201010/s3040961.htm" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Rio Tinto coal mine officially opened"</a> ABC Rural, Oct. 18, 2010.</li>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riotinto.com/investors/216_board.asp" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Chairman and executive directors</a>, Rio Tinto, accessed June 1, 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riotinto.com/whoweare/308_non_executive_directors.asp" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Non executive directors</a>, Rio Tinto, accessed March 7, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riotinto.com/whoweare/product_group_chief_executives.asp" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Executive committee</a>, Rio Tinto, accessed June 1, 2009.</li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csrm.uq.edu.au/index.html?page=85248" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Research Partnerships</a>, Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, accessed September 17, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Rio_Tinto#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> Ash Development Association of Australia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adaa.asn.au/membership.htm" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">"Membership"</a>, Ash Development Association of Australia website, accessed June 2011.</li>

</ol>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none;">External links</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mark Skulley, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afr.com/premium/articles/2005/11/10/1131578167130.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto targets right to strike in workplace law</a>", Australian Financial Review, November 11, 2005. (Sub req'd).</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jane Perlez and Raymond Bonner, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truthout.org/docs_2005/122705O.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">The Cost of Gold: The Hidden Payroll: Below a Mountain of Wealth, a River of Waste</a>", New York Times, December 27, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jamie Freed, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/business/rio-tinto-tarred-with-freeport-brush/2005/12/28/1135732641785.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto tarred with Freeport brush</a>", Sydney Morning Herald, December 29, 2005.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Jamie Freed, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/business/rare-fauna-threatens-rio-mine/2007/03/28/1174761565221.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rare fauna threatens Rio mine</a>", Sydney Morning Herald, March 29, 2007.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">""Undermining Indonesia: Adverse social and environmental impacts of Rio Tinto's mining operations in Indonesia"</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_Goodman" title="James Goodman" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">James Goodman</a> (2004), 'Australia and Beyond: Targeting Rio Tinto' in Munck R (eds), Labour and Globalisation: Results and Prospects, Liverpool University Press, Liverpool, UK, pp. 105-127.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Vassilopoulos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Vassilopoulos (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">James Vassilopoulos</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenleft.org.au/1997/300/15334" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Rio Tinto: the world's worst company?</a>", Green Left Weekly, December 3, 1997.</li>

</ul>

<table style="margin: 0.5em 0.57em 0.5em 0.7em; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid rgb(218, 210, 109); background-color: rgb(255, 250, 205);"><tbody><tr><td style=" width: 762.4000244140625px; padding: 0.25em;">This article is a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SourceWatch:Find_or_fix_a_stub" title="SourceWatch:Find or fix a stub" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">stub</a>. You can <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SourceWatch:Find_or_fix_a_stub" title="SourceWatch:Find or fix a stub" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">help</a> by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Rio_Tinto&action=edit" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC"); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">expanding it</a>.</td><td>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Categories</a>:

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Coal_Issues" title="Category:Coal Issues" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Coal Issues</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Energy" title="Category:Energy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Energy</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Mining" title="Category:Mining" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Mining</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Australia" title="Category:Australia" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Australia</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Corporations" title="Category:Corporations" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Corporations</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Coal_mining_companies_and_agencies_in_Australia" title="Category:Coal mining companies and agencies in Australia" style="background-image: none;">Coal mining companies and agencies in Australia</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Coal_mining_companies_and_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Coal mining companies and agencies in the United Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Coal mining companies and agencies in the United Kingdom</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

===

bailled in Austre IPA b/c abo rights

==

<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://projectcensored.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=e8526bc09be7b03c98231efd7&id=fbeea1ed1c&e=087818defe" style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">The Resource War behind Paraguay's Crisis </a> In June 2012, Federico Franco became president in what has been deemed a right-wing parliamentary coup against democratically-elected, left-leaning President Fernando Lugo.  Behind today’s headlines highlighting political fights and struggles for justice in Paraguay is a conflict over access to land, which has been central to major political and social battles in Paraguay for decades.

<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://projectcensored.us2.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=e8526bc09be7b03c98231efd7&id=4bc1c35149&e=087818defe" style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;">Multinational Corporations Reap Benefits from Paraguay’s Coup </a> In July 2012, a month after a rightwing coup deposed Fernando Lugo's left-leaning government, the former president said that a motivating interest for Federicio Franco and the coup-plotters was a deal between Paraguay and the Montreal-based mining company, Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA), for a $4 billion dollar aluminum plant on the shores of the Paraná River.  The Lugo administration had stalled the deal due to concerns over the plant’s environmental impact and how much the company would pay for electricity.  Shortly after taking office, the Franco government fast-tracked the RTA deal. pjt c

----

<a href="http://www.loe.org/shows/shows.html?programID=12-P13-00030">http://www.loe.org/shows/shows.html?programID=12-P13-00030</a>  mozambique coal

<a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000028746&cycle=A">http://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000028746&cycle=A</a>

<table style="line-height: 18px; clear: both; min-width: 500px; margin-left: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><tbody><tr><td><img src="/dd7e7a74-3522-5cba-9817-e4bb04ca5556.gif"/> Obama, Barack</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$6,720</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$6,720</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td><img src="/458c8943-e4f3-57b2-b993-c92191344863.gif"/> Romney, Mitt</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$6,200</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$6,200</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td></tr><tr><td><img src="/7ea631a1-b9d3-5d75-b28e-2d7ba3e93b3e.gif"/> National Republican Congressional Cmte</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$4,500</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$4,500</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td><img src="/0b1574f8-6803-5279-aa2f-66ee2eb0e02c.gif"/> Benishek, Dan</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$3,500</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$500</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$3,000</td></tr><tr><td><img src="/8d439c59-2ea3-5078-a592-5ed82fd324a8.gif"/> Matheson, Jim</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$3,000</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$3,000</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td><img src="/df0d7d2e-8efe-504c-8f23-93fa2bf34411.gif"/> Majority Cmte PAC</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,500</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,500</td></tr><tr><td><img src="/b6091046-46fe-565b-895b-06f9db544dcf.gif"/> New PAC</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,500</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,500</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td><img src="/9a0148cd-72f1-5366-8978-0f4e277cfbfa.gif"/> Searchlight Leadership Fund</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,500</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,500</td></tr><tr><td><img src="/4e93d4dd-8c31-592f-9259-d6e1aaecd40e.gif"/> Barrasso, John A</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td><img src="/e292fc75-ce54-580c-8337-e80b28cf44fb.gif"/> Bishop, Rob</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td></tr><tr><td><img src="/5a606263-5323-5064-99bd-72c41fca5c0b.gif"/> Hastings, Doc</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td><img src="/343e2a5c-6a88-5b89-9c8c-5cab8a56a633.gif"/> Hatch, Orrin G</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$0</td><td class="number" style="text-align: right;">$2,000</td></tr></tbody></table>

<div id="top_recips" style="float: left; margin-right: 40px; margin-left: 10px; line-height: 18px; min-height: 100px; margin-top: 40px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Top Candidate Recipients, 2011-2012

<table class="simple" style=" border: 0px;"><tbody><tr><td style=" font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres12/candidate.php?id=N00009638" style="">Barack Obama (D)</a></td><td nowrap="" style=" font-size: 12px;"><img src="/c893760e-5c38-55ca-9046-b27733630d2c.gif"/> $6,720</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td style=" font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pres12/candidate.php?id=N00000286" style="">Mitt Romney (R)</a></td><td nowrap="" style=" font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="/cd08b507-724f-5fda-b82a-1f1a11f640dc.gif"/> $6,200</td></tr><tr><td style=" font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00031934&cycle=Career" style="">Dan Benishek (R-MI)</a></td><td nowrap="" style=" font-size: 12px;"><img src="/ebb81579-ea98-5bfa-8972-6a1fbd4efd9c.gif"/> $3,500</td></tr><tr class="rowTint" style=" background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><td style=" font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00009753&cycle=Career" style="">Jim Matheson (D-UT)</a></td><td nowrap="" style=" font-size: 12px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><img src="/e77956d0-7e48-5376-a2d2-cdf8c74a400c.gif"/> $3,000</td></tr><tr><td style=" font-size: 12px;"><a href="http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.php?cid=N00006236&cycle=Career" style="">John A. Barrasso (R-WY)</a></td><td nowrap="" style=" font-size: 12px;"><img src="/1a6f9428-198c-53ad-a65e-36e287b7ff1a.gif"/> $2,000</td></tr></tbody></table>

</div>

</div></div>