Wolf-PAC

=<a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2023/05/23/alec-is-using-wolf-pac-to-help-the-right-rewrite-the-constitution/">https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2023/05/23/alec-is-using-wolf-pac-to-help-the-right-rewrite-the-constitution/</a>yikes cmd y mailin  spearheading far-right efforts to rewrite the U.S. Constitution, the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) is increasingly counting on an unexpected ally: a campaign finance reform group founded during the Occupy Wall Street protests more than a decade ago. <a href="https://www.alecexposed.org/wiki/ALEC_Exposed" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">ALEC</a>, a pay-to-play operation in which state legislators and corporate lobbyists meet behind closed doors to advance a right-wing agenda, has long advocated for an Article V constitutional convention in order to win a balanced budget amendment and radically curtail federal powers.Given ALEC’s blunt efforts to restrict voting rights, quash organized labor, gut environmental regulations, and promote the <a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2021/01/27/alecs-numerous-ties-to-the-capitol-insurrection-and-big-lie/" data-wpel-link="internal" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Big Lie</a> of 2020 election fraud, association with the organization is considered politically radioactive for liberal Democrats, let alone those further to the Left.  Yet one progressive organization seems to have missed the memo.Wolf-PAC, a group focused on overturning the Supreme Court’s 2010 <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Citizens_United_v.Federal_Election_Commission" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Citizens United</a> decision that opened the door to unlimited corporate spending on elections, has been pressing for a constitutional convention since its founding in 2011. And although the group’s sole goal is curtailing corporate political spending, in recent years it has joined ALEC’s Article V gatherings, collaborated with ALEC allies on delegate selection issues, and testified alongside right-wing groups seeking a constitutional convention at state legislative hearings. “We want an army to fight for an amendment to declare corporations are not people,” founder Cenk Uygur <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ykLB0d4KNAc" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 102); box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">announced</a> in establishing Wolf-PAC during the 2011 Occupy Wall Street protests at New York’s Zuccotti Park. Instead, Wolf-PAC has chosen to team up with the nation’s biggest corporate lobby group to pursue its goal—and is helping to advance ALEC’s right-wing plans for revising the Constitution in the process.<h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; word-spacing: 3.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Road to a Convention is Paved with Fuzzy Math</h2>Despite their disparate goals, ALEC and Wolf-PAC are pursuing the same agenda, attempting to get 34 states to submit convention resolutions in order to trigger an Article V constitutional convention.Although all 27 constitutional amendments passed since the document was first ratified in 1788 have been initiated by Congress, Article V of the Constitution lays out an alternate procedure for proposing amendments: convening a constitutional convention, which requires two-thirds of state legislatures (currently 34) to pass convention resolutions. Both methods, whether initiated by Congress or through the states, require amendments to be ratified by three-fourths of the states before becoming part of the Constitution.The push to get 34 states to request a constitutional convention has been slow going for Wolf-PAC. Only California, Illinois, New Jersey, Rhode Island, and Vermont have passed its resolutions so far, and the group hasn’t scored any new victories since 2016. Two of those states have since walked back their Wolf-PAC resolutions—<a href="https://legiscan.com/NJ/bill/SCR161/2020" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">New Jersey</a> in December 2021 and <a href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=54&GAID=16&DocTypeID=SJR&LegId=140908&SessionID=110&GA=102" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Illinois</a> in April 2022—when their legislatures voted to rescind all past state calls for a constitutional convention (a setback Wolf-PAC only partially acknowledges on its <a href="https://wolf-pac.com/states/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">progress map</a>).It’s not just Wolf-PAC that has faced defeat on this front. David Super, a Georgetown legal scholar who closely follows the issue, points out that “the momentum is in the other direction: over the past few years, five [additional] states (Colorado, Delaware, Maryland, Nevada, and New Mexico) have rescinded Article V applications submitted decades earlier.”In response, conservative proponents of a convention have proposed increasingly more eccentric accounting methods to accelerate states’ calls for a convention.  In the summer of 2020, constitutional convention advocates led by anti-labor firebrand and former Republican governor of Wisconsin Scott Walker and conservative activist <a href="https://alec.org/person/david-biddulph/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">David Biddulph</a>, co-founder of ALEC’s Balanced Budget Amendment Task Force, embraced a <a href="https://apnews.com/article/wisconsin-constitutions-scott-walker-politics-business-0079f922a810f82336a64b4ac6a3a214" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">new legal strategy</a> aimed at forcing a convention by counting a half dozen historic “plenary” (or generic) convention resolutions in order to reach the 34 states needed. Critics such as the progressive group Common Cause refer to this as the “<a href="https://www.commoncause.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CC_ArticleV_Reportv2.pdf" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">fuzzy math theory</a>,” pointing out that this accounting method incorporates arcane resolutions that have remained on the books even though the issues in question have become moot—such as New York State’s call from 1789 that sought a convention in order to draft a Bill of Rights.Despite Wolf-PAC denying that it favors aggregating convention calls in this way, right-wing groups are happily lining up its proposed campaign finance reform resolutions alongside ones proposed by the right-wing group <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Convention_of_States_Action" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Convention of States Action</a> (COSA), founded by Tea Party organizer Mark Meckler.Path to Reform, an ALEC-affiliated coalition that organizes pro-convention gatherings called Academy of States, specifically counts Wolf-PAC’s three remaining convention resolutions in a handful of scenarios that they say could help them reach the 34-state threshold. At an Academy presentation <a href="https://academyofstates.org/home/academy-of-states/academy-of-states-3-0-delegate-administration/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">last July</a>, Path to Reform’s Director of Education Vickie Deppe argued that Wolf-PAC’s three convention resolutions can be counted with 19 COSA resolutions because they all address issues of money in politics.“The Convention of States Project application includes fiscal controls and placing limits on the federal government,” Deppe said in a related <a href="https://youtu.be/xAwACJxrrRg?t=489" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">video</a> called Fact Check: Article V Convention in less than 24 months? “These are concepts that could certainly be brought to bear on the problem of money in politics.” By adding together Wolf-PAC and COSA applications, along with a handful of generic resolutions, Deppe claims that Wolf-PAC already has convention calls from 30 states.<h2 style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px; word-spacing: 3.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Strange Bedfellows</h2>This unusual partnership between Wolf-PAC and right-wing groups has only strengthened since December 2021, when the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) first <a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2021/12/01/fair-elections-and-u-s-constitution-come-under-attack-at-alec-meeting/" data-wpel-link="internal" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">revealed</a> that the group was participating in one of ALEC’s Academy sessions.[doc: co-Sponsors of this innovative event include ALEC, AMAC, American Promise, Bill of Financial Responsibilities, Path to Reform, Reason Foundation, State Legislatures Article V Caucus, US Term Limits, Vote Americans’ Prosperity First Amendment and Wolf-PAC.]<article class="post-11064 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-alec category-campaign-finance category-featured-investigations entry" aria-label="ALEC Is Using Wolf-PAC to Help the Right Rewrite the Constitution" style="box-sizing: inherit; word-spacing: 3.6px;"><div class="entry-content" style="box-sizing: inherit; float: left; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 1269.3px;">At the July 2022 session— known as Academy 3.0 and held in Denver—Wolf-PAC’s National Counsel Samuel Fieldman <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjhaG62KdVI" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">presented</a> on possible procedures for convention delegate selection, an issue ALEC is also trying to address through state legislation. “Feedback on the presentations was overwhelmingly positive,” according to a recap email from Path to Reform and the State Legislators Article V Caucus, “thanks to the efforts [of] Sam Fieldman of Wolf-PAC,” among others.In his presentation, Fieldman cited ALEC’s 2011 Article V Handbook by Rob Natelson—a conservative constitutional theorist whose work underpins the fuzzy-math theory of convention applications—though later in the session he noted that he doesn’t agree with everything Natelson argues. Wolf-PAC’s inclusion in the Academy of States infuriated the far-right leaders of COSA, as CMD has previously <a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2021/12/21/the-right-is-trying-to-rewrite-the-constitution-to-cement-minority-rule-forever/" data-wpel-link="internal" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a>. Meckler, who believes Citizens United was “one of the greatest free-speech decisions in American history,” considers collaborating with Wolf-PAC to be “extraordinarily dangerous” and refused to engage in a previous Academy presentation due to their presence along with other “leftists.”Yet distinctions between the groups are becoming increasingly muddled. In addition to attending the ALEC-sponsored Academies, Wolf-PAC members have been teaming up with a former COSA staffer to push convention legislation in various states.In New Hampshire, former Wolf-PAC volunteer-turned-state Representative Jodi Newell (D-4) has introduced a procedural bill (<a href="https://gencourt.state.nh.us/bill_status/legacy/bs2016/bill_docket.aspx?lsr=0604&sy=2023&txtsessionyear=2023&txtbillnumber=hb392&sortoption=" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">HB 392</a>) specifying that, should a constitutional convention ever be called, delegates would be elected by popular vote, not appointed by the state legislature. Both Fieldman from Wolf-PAC and Ken Quinn, a former regional director for the Convention of States effort and current regional director of U.S. Term Limits, testified in favor of the bill. And although Wolf-PAC <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/hqRGu-pD5Pw?feature=share&t=15918" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">testified</a> as neutral in a New Hampshire hearing on COSA’s convention application, the testimony had the effect of normalizing the work and claims of Michael Farris, one of the original founders of the Convention of States Project and former president of <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alliance_Defending_Freedom" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Alliance Defending Freedom</a>, a conservative Christian hate group.Wolf-PAC built upon Farris’s testimony, which proffered the “theoretical tools” that would limit a convention, by offering the “practical tools” that would work hand-in-hand with them.<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S.Term_Limits" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. Term Limits</a> (USTL), which advocates for term limits at all levels of government, was founded by <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Eric_O%27Keefe" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Eric O’Keefe</a>, a right-wing operative with deep ties to the Koch political network who also co-founded <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Citizens_for_Self-Governance" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Citizens for Self Governance</a> (CSG), the parent group of COSA, where he sits on the board.Wolf-PAC currently has applications for a constitutional convention pending in three states: Oregon (<a href="https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2023R1/Measures/Overview/HJM1" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">HJM 1</a>), Washington (<a href="https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=8002&Initiative=false&Year=2023" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">SJM 8002</a>), and Maine (<a href="https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/display_ps.asp?paper=SP0705&snum=131" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">SJR 705</a>). Only the Maine <a href="https://legislature.maine.gov/legis/bills/getPDF.asp?paper=SP0705&item=1&snum=131" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">resolution</a>—a joint product of Wolf-PAC and USTL that advocates for amendments addressing congressional term limits as well as political spending—specifies that the application “may not be aggregated with any other applications on any other subject.” The wording of the Oregon <a href="https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2023R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/HJM1/Introduced" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">resolution</a> indicates that the application only “intends” to be aggregated with those on a similar subject.<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Big Picture</h2>Legal experts <a href="https://defendourconstitution.org/resource/legal-scholars-warn-of-the-dangers-of-an-article-v-convention/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">note</a> that there is nothing in the Constitution that limits the scope of a constitutional convention once called. They warn that a runaway convention could generate major changes to the balance of power between states and the federal government, and may end up undermining many rights and protections currently afforded under federal law. Scores of progressive and good-government organizations, including CMD, have <a href="https://www.commoncause.org/resource/coalition-statement-opposing-an-article-v-convention/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">joined together</a> to oppose an Article V convention on those grounds.After ALEC and its allies spent more than a decade arguing that fears of a runaway convention are baseless, it adopted a model <a href="https://www.alecexposed.org/wiki/No_Runaway_Article_V_Conventions_Act" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">No Runaway Article V Conventions Act</a> in December 2021 to try to quell those fears. Wolf-PAC’s Fieldman <a href="https://www.pathtoreform.org/academy-of-states-2" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">teamed up</a> with ALEC’s Biddulph at the Academy 2.0 that month to present on the bill, which would limit the types of amendments delegates could introduce at a convention to those that were included in its initial application. Either way, any constitutional convention under the rules envisioned by ALEC and COSA would make it virtually impossible for Wolf-PAC’s anti-Citizens United amendment to succeed. Most of the constitutional convention measures passed in recent years specify that each state would give legislative leaders the power to handpick its delegates and would get one vote, regardless of size, according to CMD’s research report titled <a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2022/07/31/voters-have-no-role-to-play-in-the-rights-vision-of-a-constitutional-convention/" data-wpel-link="internal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Convention of State Politicians</a>. Under those rules, Republicans would have “control over a nearly three-fifths supermajority of state delegations, enabling red states representing only a third of the U.S. population to determine what amendments get sent out to the states for ratification,” the report found.<a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/2021/12/21/the-right-is-trying-to-rewrite-the-constitution-to-cement-minority-rule-forever/" data-wpel-link="internal" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; box-sizing: inherit; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">Audio</a> obtained by CMD confirms that this is the Right’s strategy. At an ALEC event, former Pennsylvania senator and current COS Senior Advisor Rick Santorum stated that, “We have the opportunity as a result of that to have a supermajority, even though…we may not even be in an absolute majority when it comes to the people who agree with us.”“I think we are on the cusp of a supermajority moment,” Meckler added. To emphasize that progressives will have no say at a contemporary constitutional convention, Meckler pointed out that Tories had no role in the crafting of the Constitution and that Confederates had no choice in the adoption of post-Civil War amendments.Wittingly or unwittingly, Wolf-PAC’s collaboration with ALEC helps right-wing dark money groups move closer to that objective. According to internal ALEC documents obtained by CMD, the organization is pushing for a constitutional convention as soon as summer 2024.</div><footer class="entry-footer" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit;" /></article><div class="author-box" style="box-sizing: inherit; border-top: 1px solid rgb(0, 0, 0); float: left; padding: 20px 10px; width: 1269.3px; word-spacing: 3.6px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
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<div class="author-info-wrap" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: inline-block; float: left; max-width: 75%; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px;"><div class="author-name" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">About Juliana Broad</h3></div><div class="author-description" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Juliana Broad is a writer and researcher. She has worked as a labor organizer and strategic researcher with unions in a variety of sectors, including higher education, healthcare, and property services. At the University of Cambridge, she earned a master’s degree in the history and philosophy of science as a Gates Scholar. Her scholarship has been published in or is forthcoming from the peer-reviewed journals History of the Human Sciences, Medical History, and History of Science.</div><div class="author-link" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><a href="https://www.exposedbycmd.org/author/juliana-broad/" data-wpel-link="internal" style="box-sizing: inherit; background: 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s; text-decoration-line: none;">All articles by Juliana Broad</a></div></div></div>






































=on corp $: wolf pac says NJ and  They are California, Illinois and Vermont. I believe there are 20 states who have introduced the resolution and now 4 have passed it. You need 2/3 of the states to pass the resolution (need 30 more now) in order to call for a constitutional amendment.wikiWolf PAC is an American non-partisan <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">political action committee</a> formed in 2011 with the goal of "ending <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood" title="Corporate personhood" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">corporate personhood</a> and publicly financing all elections in our country", to include the restriction of large monetary donations to political candidates, parties, and groups.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a> It began with an announcement at an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Occupy Wall Street</a> rally in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">New York City</a>by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Young Turks</a> host <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Cenk Uygur</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-ows-announcement-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a> On a state level Wolf PAC has bi-partisan support for its objectives.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a>Its strategy is to add a 28th <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="List of amendments to the United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">amendment</a> to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Constitution</a>, thereby overturning multiple<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Supreme Court</a> cases including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v.Federal_Election_Commission" title="Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Citizens United v. FEC</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckley_v.Valeo" title="Buckley v. Valeo" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Buckley v. Valeo</a>, which cumulatively have made it impossible to achieve Wolf PAC's campaign finance goals through simple legislation. Wolf PAC believes that <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Congress</a> is too corrupt to pass such an amendment itself, and therefore advocates a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">convention of the States</a>, which is a procedure outlined in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_Five_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article Five of the United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Article V</a> of the Constitution. As of July 2015, four out of the necessary thirty-four states have passed resolutions calling for such a convention.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#Formation_and_background" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Formation and background</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#Progress_in_particular_states" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Progress in particular states</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#Vermont" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.1 Vermont</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#California" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.2 California</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#Illinois" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.3 Illinois</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#New_Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2.4 New Jersey</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 References</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Formation and background[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation and background" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>On January 21, 2010, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Supreme Court</a> ruled in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v._Federal_Election_Commission" title="Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Citizens United v. FEC</a> that it is unconstitutional to restrict <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_expenditure" title="Independent expenditure" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">independent expenditures</a> by<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation" title="Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">corporations</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_union" title="Labor union" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">unions</a>, and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">associations</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a> This ruling was followed in March by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_District_of_Columbia_Circuit" title="United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">D.C. District Court of Appeals</a> Speechnow.org v. FEC case, in which the court explicitly allowed the creation of Super PACs, which are allowed to spend unlimited money to influence elections, as long as they do not coordinate with any candidates.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a>These court cases are widely viewed as having worsened the influence of moneyed interests in the American political system,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[10]</a> and convinced <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Cenk Uygur</a>, the host of the online news show <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Young Turks</a>, that action was necessary.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a> Although the paperwork to form Wolf PAC was filed with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Elections_Commission" title="Federal Elections Commission" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">FEC</a> as early as June 2010,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a> Uygur announced the creation of Wolf PAC on October 19, 2011 during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Occupy Wall Street</a> occupation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zucotti_Park" title="Zucotti Park" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Zucotti Park</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">New York City</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Progress in particular states[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Progress in particular states" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>As a national group, Wolf PAC is working in all 50 states and declares to have currently over 20,000 volunteers.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a> The table below shows the progress level in each state where a Wolf PAC backed resolution has passed in either the House or the Senate.<table class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><thead><tr><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-image: url(data:image/gif;base64,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); background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">State</th><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-image: url(data:image/gif;base64,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); background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Introduced</th><th class="unsortable" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Bill(s)</th><th class="unsortable" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Lower house</th><th class="unsortable" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242);">Upper house</th><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; background-image: url(data:image/gif;base64,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); background-color: rgb(242, 242, 242); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;">Status</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration: none; background: none rgb(255, 255, 102);">California</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">December 3, 2012</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">AJR 1<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (January 30, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (June 23, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/20px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png" width="20" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/30px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Flag_of_Connecticut.svg/40px-Flag_of_Connecticut.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="459" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Connecticut</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">May 30, 2015</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">HJ 64<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (May 30, 2015)</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/23px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/35px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Flag_of_Delaware.svg/45px-Flag_of_Delaware.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Delaware</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">January 28, 2015</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">SCR 6<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[18]</a></td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (March 25, 2015)</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png" width="23" height="12" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Hawaii.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hawaii.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Hawaii</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">February 17, 2015</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">HCR 53<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[19]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (March 17, 2015)</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/23px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/35px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_Illinois.svg/46px-Flag_of_Illinois.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="778" data-file-height="460" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Illinois</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">October 22, 2013</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">SJR 42<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[20]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (December 3, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (April 9, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Maryland.svg/45px-Flag_of_Maryland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Maryland</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">February 6, 2015</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">SJ 2<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[21]</a></td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (April 8, 2015)</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Hampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="440" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">New Hampshire</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">January 7, 2015</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">HCR 2<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[22]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (March 4, 2015)</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td><td class="partial table-partial" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(255, 255, 221);">Pending</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png" width="23" height="15" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">New Jersey</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">August 11, 2014</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">SCR 132<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[23]</a> / ACR 149<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[24]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (February 23, 2015)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (December 18, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed</td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png" width="23" height="14" class="thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Vermont.svg/46px-Flag_of_Vermont.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="450" style="border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); vertical-align: middle;" /> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Vermont</a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; text-align: right;">April 16, 2013</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;">JRS 27<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[25]</a></td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (March 21, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed (May 2, 2014)</td><td class="table-yes" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; background: rgb(153, 255, 153);">passed</td></tr></tbody><tfoot /></table><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Vermont<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Vermont" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>On March 21, 2014, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_Senate" title="Vermont Senate" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Vermont Senate</a> passed JRS 27, a Wolf PAC-backed resolution, in a bipartisan 25 to 2 vote.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[26]</a> On May 2, 2014, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Vermont House</a> passed the resolution, making Vermont the first state in the nation to call for an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Article V convention</a> concerning campaign finance reform.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[27]</a><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">California<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: California" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>On March 20, 2012, a Wolf PAC-backed resolution was introduced in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">California State Assembly</a>, but was voted down in the Judiciary Committee.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[28]</a> On January 30, 2014, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">California State Assembly</a> became the second state lower chamber to pass Wolf PAC's bill calling for a constitutional convention. On June 23, 2014, California became the second state in the nation to pass Wolf PAC's resolution.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_PAC#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[29]</a><h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Illinois<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Illinois" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>On December 3, 2014, the Illinois Senate voted on SJR42, which passed the needed 3/5ths majority by one vote, 72 to 40, becoming the third state to call for the convention.<h3 style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">New Jersey<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: New Jersey" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>A resolution to call for a constitutional convention to overturn Citizens United was introduced on 11 August 2014. It passed the Senate on 18 December 2014 and the Assembly on 23 February 2015.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">See also[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wolf_PAC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A"); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_finance_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance reform in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Campaign finance reform in the United States</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention_to_propose_amendments_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Occupy Wall Street</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayday_PAC" title="Mayday PAC" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Mayday PAC</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Move_to_Amend" title="Move to Amend" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Move to Amend</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Constitutional_Convention_of_the_United_States" title="Second Constitutional Convention of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Second Constitutional Convention of the United States</a></li></ul>==