brock, wm

<div>http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock</div><div>
<div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.3999996185303px;">William E. Brock "is counselor and trustee of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a> in Washington, D.C. Since 1996 he has chaired <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Intellectual_Development_Systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Intellectual Development Systems (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Intellectual Development Systems</a>, Inc., which he also founded. He serves on the boards of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Committee_for_Economic_Development" title="Committee for Economic Development" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Committee for Economic Development</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bretton_Woods_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bretton Woods Committee (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Bretton Woods Committee</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jobs_for_the_Future&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jobs for the Future (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Jobs for the Future</a>, The <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Merrow_Report&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Merrow Report (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Merrow Report</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Kids_Voting_USA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kids Voting USA (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Kids Voting USA</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Council_for_Basic_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council for Basic Education (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Council for Basic Education</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=New_Standards_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Standards Project (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">New Standards Project</a>,<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ResCare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ResCare (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">ResCare</a>, and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Council_for_Capital_Formation" title="American Council for Capital Formation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">American Council for Capital Formation</a>."Senator Brock served the in U.S. Congress as representative from Tennessee’s Third District (1963–1970) and as senator (1971–1976). He chaired the Republican National Committee (1977–1980) and served as U.S. trade representative (1981–1985) and as secretary of labor (1985–1987). Senator Brock was one of the four founders of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/National_Endowment_for_Democracy" title="National Endowment for Democracy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">National Endowment for Democracy</a>. He was recognized (by the Financial Times of London, among others) as an initial father of the successful Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiations—and of its result, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">World Trade Organization</a>. In 1993, the National Academy of Human Resources awarded Senator Brock its highest tribute for outstanding life achievement in advancing human development. Senator Brock received a bachelor of science in commerce degree from Washington and Lee University, served as a lieutenant (J.G.) in the U.S. Navy, and later became vice president of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Brock_Candy_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brock Candy Company (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Brock Candy Company</a> in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He is founder and former chairman of The <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Brock_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brock Group (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Brock Group</a>, a firm specializing in international trade, investment, and human resources (1988–1995)." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_experts/task,view/type,34/id,229/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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); background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%;">[1]</a>"William E. Brock (Director since 2000) is Chairman of Intellectual Development Systems, Inc. Annapolis, Maryland, a firm he founded in 1996. He has served as Senior Counsel and Trustee of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. since 1994. From 1988 to 1994, Mr. Brock served as Chairman of the Brock Group, a consulting firm. From 1988 to 1991, he served as the Chairman of the National Endowment for Democracy. From 1985 to 1987, he served as the United States Secretary of Labor and from 1981 to 1985, he was a United States Trade Representative." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.secinfo.com/d14D5a.158Du.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">[2]</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Senior Advisor, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Council_for_a_Community_of_Democracies" title="Council for a Community of Democracies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Council for a Community of Democracies</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Former Director (1985), <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_the_Study_of_Democratic_Institutions" title="Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Former Board Member (1989), <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Democracy" title="Center for Democracy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Center for Democracy</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Advisory Council, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Center_for_Religion_and_Diplomacy" title="International Center for Religion and Diplomacy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">International Center for Religion and Diplomacy</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></li></ul><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#Tobacco" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Tobacco</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#Resources_and_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Resources and articles</a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#Related_Sourcewatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.1 Related Sourcewatch articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.2 References</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Tobacco</h2>William Brock, on November 20, 1983, as a Special U.S. Trade Representative and along with Jesse Helms, helped celebrate "Tobacco Day, U.S.A.," a event held in Raleigh, North Carolina, to focus attention on the economic benefits of tobacco and away from concerns about the health hazards of smoking.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ytb51e00" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg); background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%;">[3]</a> At the event to kick off the day's rally, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Curtis_H.Judge" title="Curtis H. Judge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Curtis H. Judge</a>, president of Lorillard stated, "We must fight shoulder to shoulder until we have restored balance and reason in debates concerning tobacco."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/otq54c00" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg); background-color: initial; background-position: 100% 50%, 100% 50%;">[4]</a>In 1985, Brock was Appointed secretary of Labor.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/ouh67c00" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">[5]</a><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Resources and articles</h2><h3 style="color: black; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Related Sourcewatch articles</h3><h3 style="color: black; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">References</h3><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/William_E.Brock#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icrd.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid=52" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">Advisory Council</a>, International Center for Religion and Diplomacy, accessed August 26, 2008.</li></ol><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">External links</h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX///8AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw/wLCAgQEAGpIDyT0IVcsAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csis.org/component/option,com_csis_experts/task,view/type,34/id,229/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">William E. Brock</a>", Center for Strategic and International Studies, Accessed October 2006.</li></ul>This article may include <a href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/profiles/people/brock_william.html" class="external text" title="http://tobaccodocuments.org/profiles/people/brock_william.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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) 100% 50%;">information from Tobacco Documents Online</a>.<div class="tobaccoFormArea" style="border: 1px solid rgb(123, 160, 109); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 12px; background-color: rgb(217, 247, 212);"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" class="tobaccoFormHead" style="text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: bold;">SEARCH THE DOCUMENTS ARCHIVES OF THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY</td></tr><tr><td width="20" /><td valign="baseline" class="tobaccoFormItem" style="padding-top: 10px; text-align: right;">Legacy Tobacco Documents Library:</td><td width="10" /><td valign="baseline" /></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Tobaccowiki" title="Category:Tobaccowiki" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tobaccowiki</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Tobacco_documents_biographies" title="Category:Tobacco documents biographies" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tobacco documents biographies</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Think_tanks/personnel" title="Category:Think tanks/personnel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Think tanks/personnel</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div>
</div><div></div><div>Black also "managed the successful elections of more than ten members of the U.S. Senate and more than a dozen Members of Congress. He acted as political consultant to U.S. Senators <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Jesse Helms</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_Dole" title="Robert Dole" class="mw-redirect">Robert Dole</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Phil_Gramm" title="Phil Gramm">Phil Gramm</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dave_Durenberger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave Durenberger (page does not exist)">Dave Durenberger</a> and as political director of the Republican National Committee under Chairman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bill_Brock" title="Bill Brock" class="mw-redirect">Bill Brock</a>," adds the BKSH profile<div></div><div>wikifluff</div><div>
</div><div>William Emerson "Bill" Brock III (born November 23, 1930) is a former<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republican</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">senator</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tennessee</a>, having served from 1971 to 1977. He is the grandson of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_Brock" title="William Emerson Brock" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">William Emerson Brock I</a>, who was a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Democratic</a> U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1929 to 1931.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#Early_life_and_career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Early life and career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#United_States_Senator" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 United States Senator</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#Post_Senate_career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 Post Senate career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life and career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Brock&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life and career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Brock was a native of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga,Tennessee" title="Chattanooga, Tennessee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chattanooga</a>, where his family owned a well-known candy company.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> He is a 1949 graduate of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCallie_School" title="McCallie School" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">McCallie School</a> and a 1953 graduate of<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_and_Lee_University" title="Washington and Lee University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Washington and Lee University</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,Virginia" title="Lexington, Virginia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lexington, Virginia</a>, in 1953 and subsequently served in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Navy</a> until 1956. He then worked in his family's candy business. Brock had been reared as a Democrat, but became a Republican in the 1950s. In 1962, he was elected to Congress from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Tennessee's 3rd congressional district" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tennessee's 3rd congressional district</a>, based in Chattanooga. The 3rd had long been the only Democratic outpost in traditionally heavily Republican <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Tennessee" title="East Tennessee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">East Tennessee</a>; indeed, Brock's victory ended 40 years of Democratic control in the district.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">United States Senator[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Brock&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: United States Senator" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Brock served four terms in the House and then won the Republican nomination to face three-term incumbent U.S. Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Gore,Sr." title="Albert Gore, Sr." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Albert A. Gore Sr.</a> in 1970, defeating <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">country</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singer" title="Singer" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">singer</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tex_Ritter" title="Tex Ritter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Tex Ritter</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_election" title="Primary election" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">primary</a>. Brock's campaign was successfully able to make an issue of Gore's friendship with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kennedy_political_family" title="Kennedy political family" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Kennedy family</a> and Gore's voting record, which was somewhat <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">liberal</a> by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Southern</a> standards, and defeated him.While in the Senate, Brock was a darling of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">conservative</a> movement but was less than overwhelmingly popular at home; his personality was somewhat distant by the standards of most <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician" title="Politician" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">politicians</a>. He was considered vulnerable in the 1976 election and several prominent Democrats ran in the 1976 Democratic Senate<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_election" title="Primary election" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">primary</a> for the right to challenge him. The most prominent and best-known name, at least initially, was probably 1970 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Tennessee" title="Governor of Tennessee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">gubernatorial</a> nominee <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Jay_Hooker" title="John Jay Hooker" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Jay Hooker</a>; somewhat surprisingly to most observers, the winner of the primary was <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Sasser" title="Jim Sasser" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jim Sasser</a>, who had managed Gore's 1970 reelection campaign.Sasser was able to exploit lingering resentment of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Watergate scandal</a>, which had concluded only about two years earlier. However his most effective campaign strategy was to emphasize how the affluent Brock, through skillful use of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax" title="Tax" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">tax</a>code by his accountants, had been able to pay less than $2,000 in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_tax" title="Income tax" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">income taxes</a>the previous year; an amount considerably less than that paid by many Tennesseans of far more modest means. Sasser was also aided by the popularity of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Democratic_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Democratic Party presidential tickets" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Democratic Presidential candidate</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter" title="Jimmy Carter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Jimmy Carter</a> in Tennessee as he would win the state by a double-digit margin. Although he started with a 30-point lead in polls over Sasser, Brock would lose his re-election bid by a 47%–52% margin.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>Prior to his Senate re-election run, Brock was among those considered to replace<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nelson Rockefeller</a> as President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gerald Ford</a>'s running mate in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1976" title="United States presidential election, 1976" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1976 election</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Post Senate career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Brock&action=edit&section=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Post Senate career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>
Brock resigned his cabinet post in late 1987 to become the campaign manager for Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Dole" title="Bob Dole" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bob Dole</a>'s presidential campaign. Dole, the runner up to Vice President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" title="George H. W. Bush" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George Bush</a>, was seen as a micromanager who needed a strong personality like Brock to steer his campaign. However, many viewed Brock as a lazy manager who badly misspent campaign funds, leaving Dole without adequate money for a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super_Tuesday" title="Super Tuesday" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Super Tuesday</a> media buy. Dole and Brock had a falling out, and Brock publicly fired two of Dole's favorite consultants. Dole dropped out of the race in late March 1988 after losing key primaries in New Hampshire, the South and Illinois. Brock became a consultant in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,D.C." title="Washington, D.C." style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Washington, D.C.</a>, area. By this point, he had become a legal resident of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Maryland</a>. In 1994 he won the Republican U.S. Senate primary in Maryland over future convict <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruthann_Aron" title="Ruthann Aron" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ruthann Aron</a>, but was soundly defeated (41%–59%) in the general election by Democratic incumbent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Sarbanes" title="Paul Sarbanes" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Paul Sarbanes</a>. Brock is currently a resident of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis,Maryland" title="Annapolis, Maryland" style="line-height: 22.3999996185303px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Annapolis, Maryland</a>.After leaving the Senate, Brock became the new chairman of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Committee" title="Republican National Committee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republican National Committee</a>, a position he held from 1977 to 1981. Upon the election of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ronald Reagan</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. president</a>, Brock was appointed <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Trade_Representative" title="U.S. Trade Representative" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Trade Representative</a>, a position he maintained until 1985 when he was made <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Labor" title="United States Secretary of Labor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Secretary of Labor</a>.<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Brock&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=136" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture: Brock Candy Company</a></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,712302-2,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"From an Irish Pat to a Dixy Lee"</a>. Time (magazine). November 15, 1976. Retrieved 2009-01-10.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Brock&rft.atitle=From+an+Irish+Pat+to+a+Dixy+Lee&rft.date=November+15%2C+1976&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C712302-2%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=Time+%28magazine%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,914427-2,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">"Again, Connally for Veep?"</a>. Time (magazine). August 2, 1976. Retrieved 2009-01-10.<span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Brock&rft.atitle=Again%2C+Connally+for+Veep%3F&rft.date=August+2%2C+1976&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C914427-2%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=Time+%28magazine%29&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Brock#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a> }United Press International, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=WAE1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=I08KAAAAIBAJ&pg=1867,1956986&dq=william+brock&hl=en" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Ford Lists Possible 1976 Running Mates</a>, Bangor Daily News, January 23, 1976</li></ol></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">External links[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bill_Brock&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="noprint portal tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.3999996185303px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><table style="line-height: 13.0900001525879px; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align: middle;"><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P_vip.svg" class="image" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><img alt="Portal icon" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" width="28" height="28" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" /></a></td><td style="padding: 0px 0.2em; vertical-align: middle; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Biography portal</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%0A%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20width%3D%225%22%20height%3D%2213%22%3E%0A%3Ccircle%20cx%3D%222.5%22%20cy%3D%229.5%22%20r%3D%222.5%22%20fill%3D%22%2300528c%22%2F%3E%0A%3C%2Fsvg%3E%0A); color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000851" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">Bill Brock</a> at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/asp/programs/history/brock.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">USDOL biography</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://e-archive.vanderbilt.edu/handle/1803/134" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url(data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml%20version%3D%221.0%22%20encoding%3D%22UTF-8%22%3F%3E%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20width%3D%2210%22%20height%3D%2210%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate%28-826.429%20-698.791%29%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%225.982%22%20height%3D%225.982%22%20x%3D%22826.929%22%20y%3D%22702.309%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%20stroke%3D%22%2306c%22%2F%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M831.194%20698.791h5.234v5.391l-1.571%201.545-1.31-1.31-2.725%202.725-2.689-2.689%202.808-2.808-1.311-1.311z%22%20fill%3D%22%2306f%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M835.424%20699.795l.022%204.885-1.817-1.817-2.881%202.881-1.228-1.228%202.881-2.881-1.851-1.851z%22%20fill%3D%22%23fff%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E) 100% 50%;">e-archive biography</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-span.org/person/?williambrock" style="text-decoration: none; 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background: none;">C-SPAN</a></li></ul></div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Selling NAFTAIn 1990 the Mexican government hired B-M to sell NAFTA to the American public, media and politicians. B-M subcontracted this job to one of its subsidiaries, The Brock Group (TBG), a consulting firm that has done work for American Express, Bell Atlantic, Bacardi, Toyota and the Taiwanese government. TBG is headed by former senator, Republican National Committee chairman, US trade representative and labor secretary William Brock. He was certainly qualified for the job. As US trade representative, Brock engineered the Caribbean Basin Initiative and the US-Israel Free Trade Agreement, and began the negotiations that would eventually culminate in the signing of the US-Canada Free Trade Agreement.William Brock co-chairs the Multilateral Trade Negotiations (MTN) Coalition, which was founded in 1990 to 'educate' the public-- and lobby for--the now-completed Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The coalition's members include American Express, General Motors, IBM, General Electric, Cargill, Citicorp, Procter & Gamble and other companies and trade associations. According to Malaysian activist Martin Khor Kok Peng, the MTN Coalition had a big influence on the 1990 G-7 Summit meeting held in Houston, USA, in which GATT figured prominently. At the Houston Summit, MTN held a high- profile press conference and released a report by an 'eminent persons group' on world trade.The Contra ConnectionOne of TBG's top executives happens to be former Miami businessman and ambassador to Venezuela Otto Reich. During the Reagan administration, the Cuban-born Reich headed the US state department's Office of Public Diplomacy (OPD), whose task was to disseminate disinformation about the Sandinistas and discourage reporting critical of the contras. This outfit, whose operations were later found to be illegal by the US General Accounting Office, was staffed with five psychological warfare specialists from the 4th Psychological Operations Group of Fort Bragg. According to John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, "the OPD...helped spread a scurrilous story that some American reporters had received sexual favors from Sandinista prostitutes in return for writing slanted stories". In 1987, after the US Congress shut down the OPD, congressman Jack Brooks called it "an important cog in the (Reagan) administration's effort to manipulate public opinion and congressional action".Interestingly enough, the OPD was conceived at an August 1983 meeting between then CIA director William Casey and a small group of PR industry executives. The meeting, whose purpose was to create a propaganda strategy for the Nicaraguan contras, was attended by B-M senior vice- president Kenneth D. Huszar and Philip Morris publicist James Bowling, who later moved to B-M. Their advice to Casey included the creation of a communications function within the White House, a recommendation that led to the creation of the OPD.B-M, Mexico and the Neoliberal ProjectB-M's success in insuring the passage of NAFTA encouraged the Mexican governing elite to retain the firm's services. It now has a luxurious office in the posh Colonia Anzures district on Mexico City that caters to customers like the Council of Businessmen, the National Stockbrokers' Association, the ministry of commerce and industrial development, and the Office of the President of the Republic. In addition to this, B-M parent Young & Rubicam rakes in over $100 million every year from Mexican clients. It is not an exaggeration to say that the credibility of the neoliberal project in the western hemisphere hinges on Mexico. Businessmen, politicians and neoliberal ideologues all over the hemisphere have touted Mexico as a symbol of capitalist success because of its privatization policy and its faithful adherence to the economic formulas prescribed by multilateral development banks (a.k.a. the Bretton Woods institutions). After the massive expenditure of political energy in getting NAFTA passed, business elites in both Mexico and the US are hard-pressed to put on a convincing performance in order to give credibility to future trade agreements. Bringing Guatemala and Chile into NAFTA has already become an agenda item.However, neoliberal designs for Mexico are endangered by a series of crises, including the blatantly fraudulent elections of 1994, the embarassing collapse of the peso, revelations of drug-related corruption that compromise the Mexican elite all the way up to the president's office, a spate of political assassinations that seems to be beheading the ruling political party's leadership, and the popularity of the EjE9rcito Zapatista de LiberaciF3n Nacional (EZLN). B-M has a lot of work to do in Mexico. In the words of reporter Jon Reed, who investigated B-M's activities in Mexico, "Burson-Marsteller and other Mexican and transnational PR firms have demonstrated their effectiveness by working behind the scenes-- gauging public opinion, counseling government and corporate leaders, shaping media coverage, and facilitating elite-to-elite communications-- in short, guaranteeing that the inevitable upheavals in an authoritarian and unjust society do not interrupt business as usual".</div>=</div><div>comspiracy; http://channelingreality.com/Digital_Treason/wicee_war_part_2.htm</div><div>===</div></div></div>