Nayirah

Lakoff 2008 p 36- says no blood for oil winning, so Rescue Narrative substituted=amnesty int'l got punked? 12/5/18 kpfa doc?Sheikh Saud al-Nasser Al Sabah, who served as Kuwait's ambassador to the US during Iraq's 1990 invasion of the oil-rich country, has died, a government-backed newspaper reports.Al-Qabas said the former diplomat died on Saturday aged 68. It gave no cause of death but some reports suggest the minister had succumbed to a long battle with cancer.A member of Kuwait's ruling royal family, Sheikh Saud was a leading voice calling for international help during Iraq's occupation.But he was forced to defend his tactics when it was revealed that his then-teenage daughter, Nayirah, told US politicians in October 1990 that she had witnessed Iraqi soldiers snatch new-born babies from incubators.Several rights groups later questioned the account, which helped galvanise US public opinion in favour of war.A statement on Sunday from the former president, George HW Bush, called Sheikh Nasser a "trusted partner'' during the Iraqi occupation and the US-led war in 1991 that drove Saddam's military from Kuwait."Throughout that defining ordeal, he stood proudly with the US as our coalition ejected Saddam's forces from Kuwaiti soil and upheld international law,'' Bush's statement from Houston said."He was truly a good man, and a joy with whom to work.''Sheikh Nasser served as Kuwait's ambassador to Washington from 1981 to 1992.In 1992, Sheikh Saud joined the cabinet for the first time and became information minister. He held the portfolio until March 1998 when he was appointed oil minister in a cabinet reshuffle.Sheikh Saud this month returned home following medical treatment at a London hospital.He later served in Kuwait's government as information minister and oil minister. In the past decade, he played an elder statesmen's role with close ties to the White House and US officials.In 2003, he joined other Kuwaiti leaders in endorsing the US invasion of Iraq and called it the "beginning of the end'' for extremists=<a href="https://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html">https://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html</a>toxic sludge=member of royal family, emir [kuwait ambassador] in room during testimony, Lantos knew, did not tell john conyers)2nd front book1 yr later 60 min<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_JfqkEXdAg">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_JfqkEXdAg</a><div>=</div><div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmfVs3WaE9Y">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmfVs3WaE9Y</a></div><div>
</div><div>video</div><div>Nayirah al-Ṣabaḥ (Arabic: نيره الصباح‎), called "Nurse Nayirah" in the media, was a fifteen-year-old Kuwaiti girl, who alleged that she had witnessed the murder of infant children by Iraqi soldiers in Kuwait, in verbal testimony to the U.S. Congress, in the run up to the 1991 Gulf War. Her testimony, which was regarded as credible at the time, has since come to be regarded as wartime propaganda. The public relations firm Hill & Knowlton, which was in the employ of Citizens for a Free Kuwait, had arranged the testimony. Nayirah's testimony was widely publicized. Hill & Knowlton, which had filmed the hearing, sent out a video news release to Medialink, a firm which served about 700 television stations in the United States. That night, portions of the testimony aired on ABC's Nightline and NBC Nightly News reaching an estimated audience between 35 and 53 million Americans. Seven senators cited Nayirah's testimony in their speeches backing the use of force. President George Bush repeated the story at least ten times in the following weeks. (Wikipedia)

Full video at c-span video website.

HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN KUWAIT, Oct. 10, 1990

The Congressional Human Rights Caucus conducted a hearing to investigate alleged Iraqi human rights violations in occupied Kuwait. Cases of rape, execution, imprisonment and the destruction of hospitals in Kuwait were heard by the committee.</div><div></div>

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah</a>

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Nurse Nayirah</h1>

<div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>

Nayirah al-Ṣabaḥ (<a title="Arabic language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language">Arabic</a>: نيره الصباح‎), called "Nurse Nayirah" in the media, was a fifteen-year-old Kuwaiti girl, who alleged that she had witnessed the murder of infant children by Iraqi soldiers in <a title="Kuwait" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, in verbal testimony to the <a title="U.S. Congress" class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Congress">U.S. Congress</a>, in the run up to the <a title="Gulf War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War">1991 Gulf War</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Deception-0">[1]</a> Her testimony, which was regarded as credible at the time, has since come to be regarded as wartime <a title="Propaganda" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda">propaganda</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-1">[2]</a> The public relations firm <a title="Hill & Knowlton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill%26_Knowlton">Hill & Knowlton</a>, which was in the employ of <a title="Citizens for a Free Kuwait" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_for_a_Free_Kuwait">Citizens for a Free Kuwait</a>, had arranged the testimony.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Deception-0">[1]</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#Incident">1 Incident</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#Investigations">2 Investigations</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#In_popular_culture">3 In popular culture</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#References">5 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#External_links">6 External links</a></li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2>[<a title="Edit section: Incident" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurse_Nayirah&action=edit&section=1">edit</a>] Incident</h2>

Fifteen-year old Nayirah, who gave testimony anonymously, testified before the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in October 1990 that she was a refugee volunteering in the <a title="Maternity ward" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternity_ward" class="mw-redirect">maternity ward</a> of Al Adan hospital in <a title="Kuwait City" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_City">Kuwait City</a>, and that during the Iraqi occupation she had witnessed Iraqi soldiers killing Kuwaiti infants in an <a title="Neonatal intensive-care unit" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_intensive-care_unit">incubator</a> room: “They took the babies out of the incubator, took the incubators, and left the babies to die on the cold floor,” she testified.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-2">[3]</a> The testimony came at a crucial time for the <a title="George H. W. Bush" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush">Bush</a> administration, which was pressing for military action to eject Iraq from Kuwait. Nayirah's story was widely publicized, and <a title="Amnesty International" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International">Amnesty International</a> at first seemed to corroborate the report. The story helped build domestic support for the Persian Gulf War.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Deception-0">[1]</a>

Nayirah was later disclosed to be Nayirah al-Sabah, daughter of <a title="Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud_bin_Nasir_Al-Sabah">Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah</a>, Kuwaiti ambassador to the USA. She was demonstrated to have connections to the public relations firm <a title="Hill & Knowlton" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill_%26_Knowlton">Hill & Knowlton</a>, which was at that time working for <a title="Citizens for a Free Kuwait" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_for_a_Free_Kuwait">Citizens for a Free Kuwait</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Deception-0">[1]</a> The latter activist group was organized by the exiled Kuwaiti government, to gain support for the Kuwaiti cause.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Deception-0">[1]</a>

The Congressional Human Rights Caucus, of which Congressman <a title="Tom Lantos" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lantos">Tom Lantos</a> was co-chairman, had been responsible for hosting Nurse Nayirah, and thereby popularizing her allegations. When the girl's account was later challenged by independent human rights monitors,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-nyt1992-3">[4]</a> Lantos replied, "The notion that any of the witnesses brought to the caucus through the Kuwaiti Embassy would not be credible did not cross my mind... I have no basis for assuming that her story is not true, but the point goes beyond that. If one hypothesizes that the woman's story is fictitious from A to Z, that in no way diminishes the avalanche of human rights violations."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-nyt1992-3">[4]</a> Nevertheless, the senior Republican on the Human Rights Caucus, <a title="John Edward Porter" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Edward_Porter" class="mw-redirect">John Edward Porter</a>, responded to the revelations "by saying that if he had known the girl was the ambassador's daughter, he would not have allowed her to testify."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-myth-4">[5]</a>

Lantos and <a title="John R. MacArthur" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_R._MacArthur">John R. MacArthur</a>, the foremost critic of the Nayirah issue, each had op-eds features in <a title="The New York Times" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times">The New York Times</a>, in which each accused the other of distortion.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-5">[6]</a> MacArthur suggested that Lantos may have materially benefited from his having accommodated Hill & Knowlton, the <a title="Public relations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_relations">public relations</a> firm associated with Nayirah.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Deception-0">[1]</a> MacArthur also suggested that Lauri Fitz-Pegado, who was then in the employ of Hill & Knowlton, coached Nayirah as to what to say at the hearing.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-6">[7]</a> Fitz-Pegado also prepared Iraq-invasion testimony for the <a title="United Nations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations">United Nations</a> which was later discredited, and later promoted a book about the rescue of PFC <a title="Jessica Lynch" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica_Lynch">Jessica Lynch</a> during the <a title="2003 Iraq War" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Iraq_War" class="mw-redirect">2003 Iraq War</a>.[<a title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed">citation needed</a>]

Lauri Fitz-Pegado: http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lauri_J._Fitz-Pegado

<h2>[<a title="Edit section: Investigations" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurse_Nayirah&action=edit&section=2">edit</a>] Investigations</h2>

In 1992, the human rights organization <a title="Middle East Watch (page does not exist)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Middle_East_Watch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new">Middle East Watch</a> published the results of their investigation of the incubator story. Its director, Andrew Whitley, told the press, "While it is true that the Iraqis targeted hospitals, there is no truth to the charge which was central to the war propaganda effort that they stole incubators and callously removed babies allowing them to die on the floor. The stories were manufactured from germs of truth by people outside the country who should have known better." One investigator, Aziz Abu-Hamad, interviewed doctors in the hospital where Nayirah claimed she witnessed Iraqi soldiers pull 15 infants from incubators and leave them to die. <a title="The Independent" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent">The Independent</a> reported, "The doctors told him the maternity ward had 25 to 30 incubators. None was taken by the Iraqis, and no babies were taken from them."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-myth-4">[5]</a>

In order to respond to these charges, the Kuwaiti government hired <a title="Kroll Associates" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroll_Associates" class="mw-redirect">Kroll Associates</a> to undertake an independent investigation of the incubator story. The Kroll investigation lasted nine weeks and conducted over 250 interviews. The interviews with Nayirah revealed that her original testimony was wildly distorted at best; she told Kroll that she had actually only seen one baby outside its incubator for "no more than a moment." She also told Kroll that she was never a volunteer at the hospital and had in fact "only stopped by for a few minutes."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-Kuwaitgate-7">[8]</a>

<h2>[<a title="Edit section: In popular culture" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurse_Nayirah&action=edit&section=3">edit</a>] In popular culture</h2>

The 2002 HBO movie <a title="Live From Baghdad (film)" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_From_Baghdad_%28film%29" class="mw-redirect">Live From Baghdad</a> included several scenes dealing with the incubator allegations, without presenting the story as unquestioned truth. In that movie, several characters try to determine the accuracy or inaccuracy of the story, but are unable to draw any conclusions. After the final credits, a note stated that the incubator allegations were never substantiated.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-8">[9]</a>

<ul>

<li><a title="Jumana Hanna" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumana_Hanna">Jumana Hanna</a></li>

<li><a title="Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saud_bin_Nasir_Al-Sabah">Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah</a></li>

<li><a title="Saddam Hussein's alleged shredder" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein%27s_alleged_shredder">Saddam Hussein's alleged shredder</a></li>

</ul>

<h2>[<a title="Edit section: References" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurse_Nayirah&action=edit&section=5">edit</a>] References</h2>

<li id="cite_note-Deception-0">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Deception_0-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Deception_0-1">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Deception_0-2">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Deception_0-3">d</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Deception_0-4">e</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Deception_0-5">f</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/15/opinion/deception-on-capitol-hill.html" class="external text">Deception on Capitol Hill</a>, The New York Times. January 15, 1992</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-1">^</a> See, for example, Michael Kunczik, "Transnational Public Relations by Foreign Governments, in Krishnamurthy Sriramesh and Dejan Verčič, eds., The Global Public Relations Handbook: Theory, Research, and Practice (Laurence Erlbaum Associates, 2003).</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fv28_q98Xe8" class="external text">Nayirah's testimony and some quotations</a>, YouTube</li>

<li id="cite_note-nyt1992-3">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-nyt1992_3-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-nyt1992_3-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CEFDA163AF931A25752C0A964958260" class="external text">CONGRESSMAN SAYS GIRL WAS CREDIBLE</a>, The New York Times. January 12, 1992</li>

<li id="cite_note-myth-4">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-myth_4-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-myth_4-1">b</a> Leonard Doyle, "Iraqi Baby Atrocity is Revealed as Myth," The Independent (12 January 1992) p. 11.</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5D61E3EF934A15752C0A964958260" class="external text">Kuwaiti Gave Consistent Account of Atrocities</a>, The New York Times. January 27, 1992</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE1DF1F3EF934A15752C0A964958260" class="external text">Kuwaiti Gave Consistent Account of Atrocities; Retracted Testimony</a>, The New York Times. January 27, 1992</li>

<li id="cite_note-Kuwaitgate-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-Kuwaitgate_7-0">^</a> Ted Rowse, "[<a rel="nofollow" href="http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n9_v24/ai_12529902/" class="external free">http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1316/is_n9_v24/ai_12529902/</a> Kuwaitgate - killing of Kuwaiti babies by Iraqi soldiers exaggerated," Washington Monthly (September 1992).</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-8">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.hbo.com/films/livefrombaghdad/related.shtml" class="external text">Live From Baghdad</a> HBO: Related articles.</li>

</ol>

<h2>[<a title="Edit section: External links" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nurse_Nayirah&action=edit&section=6">edit</a>] External links</h2>

<ul>

<li><a title="Brian Eno" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Eno" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Brian Eno</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://politics.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,9115,1020528,00.html" class="external text">Lessons in how to lie about Iraq</a>, <a title="The Observer" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Observer">The Observer</a>, August 17, 2003.</li>

<li>Ameen Izzadeen, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20060314214206/http://www.dailymirror.lk/inside/worldw/021206.html" class="external text">Lies, damn lies and war</a>, Daily Mirror of Sri Lanka, 2001 (no more precise date provided), archive.org mirror accessed 18 December 2006.</li>

<li><a title="Phillip Knightley" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Knightley">Phillip Knightley</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4270014,00.html" class="external text">The disinformation campaign</a>, <a title="The Guardian" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian">The Guardian</a>, October 4, 2001.</li>

<li><a title="Maggie O'Kane" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_O%27Kane">Maggie O'Kane</a>, <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4561023-103677,00.html" class="external text">This time I'm scared</a>, <a title="The Guardian" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian">The Guardian</a>, December 5, 2002.</li>

<li><a title="Alexander Cockburn" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Cockburn">Alexander Cockburn</a>, Truth or Propaganda? <a rel="nofollow" href="http://archives.cbc.ca/programs/585-3132/page/1/" class="external text">Radio Interview with Geoff Pevere</a> on <a title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation">Canadian Broadcasting Corporation</a> Prime Time, originally broadcast December 14, 1992.</li></ul></div>

=

"Founded in 1923, Hill & Knowlton (H&K) are an international public relations company...H&K... fabricated the story that Iraqi soldiers had removed 312 babies from their incubators and left them to die on the cold hospital floor of Kuwait City'... The story was first reported to the London Daily Telegraph (September 5th, 1990) by exiled Kuwaiti housing minister and member of CFK Yahya al-Sumait. Because of the high emotional content of the story, it was repeated globally by much of the media, none of whom adequately checked the source... the senior account people on the Kuwaiti account included Craig Fuller, Bush's former chief of staff when Bush was Vice President'. Using this connection, H&K set up a hearing with the Congressional Human Rights caucus on October 10th 1990 where they produced Nayirah', a 15-year Kuwaiti who gave the following statement: 'I saw the Iraqi soldiers come into the hospital with guns, and go into the room where 15 babies were in incubators. They took the babies out of the incubators(Darl Turner, from "Hill & Knowlton: Exporting Propaganda Engineering Warfare through Public Relations"), took the incubators, and left the babies on the cold floor to die.'..According to MacArthur (1993), H&K 'made a brilliant little video news release out of it, which they beamed all over the world. It was on NBC Nightly News and millions and millions of people saw this'. This story was then presented to the United Nations Security Council during an audio-visual presentation on the 27th November 1990. In addition to Nayirah', seven other witnesses were produced, five of whom 'coached by Hill & Knowlton - had used false names without saying they were doing so' ...Nayirah was, in fact, 'the daughter of the Kuwaiti Ambassador to the United States' (1), and had been coached by Lauri Fitz-Pegado to deliver the testimony which (according to Strauber & Rampton) 'even the Kuwaitis' own investigators later confirmed was false'. Not only had she never seen the atrocity she had alleged to, but had never been to the hospital, much less worked there." Darl Turner, from "Hill & Knowlton: Exporting Propaganda Engineering Warfare through Public Relations"

<a href="http://www.herinst.org/envcrisis/greenwash/firms/hill.html">http://www.herinst.org/envcrisis/greenwash/firms/hill.html</a>

-----

john mcA

Worse still, Bush found among the media a cadre of "journalists" who

did their best to perpetrate the propaganda that proved successful in

driving this country into the Gulf War.

Again, I assume that most of you have not read my book. I will

summarize what I think are the three great frauds produced by the

White House with the cooperation, eager or passive depending on your

point of view, of the U.S. media.</pre><pre>First, we have the campaign to prove that Saddam Hussein was the

reincarnation of Adolph Hitler rather than what he is, which is a

violent Arab dictator of the sort the United States frequently likes

to back. A subset of this campaign was to paint the Kuwaitis as a

freedom-loving people moving inexorably toward democracy. This was

done with very sophisticated maneuvering, costing a lot of money,

namely with something called Citizens for a Free Kuwait (CFK), which

of course implies that American citizens are rallying to the Kuwaiti

cause from all over the country. Citizens for a Free Kuwait forms

itself about a week after Saddam invades Kuwait and they hire Hill &

Knowlton, the public relations firm, and ultimately pays it $11

million to create what was one of the most brilliantly orchestrated

public relations campaigns in history. It really should go down in the

record books, and I am hoping that someone will do a scholarly book on

it someday.</pre><pre>I went to visit Citizens for a Free Kuwait, or what was left of it, a

few months after the Gulf War ended when I was doing research on my

book. I went to see a Mr. Ibrahim, who was the titular head of CFK.

The first time I realized something fishy was going on when he pulled

out a stack of atrocity photographs. I went through them and thought

this looks pretty awful -- people with odd pieces of metal jammed into

their bodies in various places.</pre><pre>It looked quite horrible, but the photographs were a little out of

focus. I went through them a second time and I realized that they were

mannequins. They had literally dressed up mannequins as torture

victims!</pre><pre>This is not to say that Saddam did not kill Kuwaitis and did not

torture Kuwaitis but these fraudulent photographs became the stock and

trade of the Hill & Knowlton campaign.</pre><pre>Now, the absolute piece de resistance of this propaganda campaign, as

you may have heard, was the baby-incubator atrocity. In August, the

word started coming out of Kuwait from anonymous sources who were

interviewed by reporters, who, as I said, did not do the most

fundamental police reporting -- like asking for last names, addresses,

ages, occupations, etc., etc., -- saying that Iraqi soldiers were

pulling babies out of incubators and killing them that way in Kuwaiti

hospitals.</pre><pre>Hill & Knowlton is very well connected on Capitol Hill and at the

White House. The senior account people on the Kuwaiti account included

Craig Fuller, Bush's former chief of staff when Bush was Vice

President, and various other mucky mucks who know how to make things

happen on Capitol Hill. They set up a hearing with the Congressional

Human Rights caucus, chaired by Tom Lantos, the Bay Area congressman,

and John Edward Porter of Illinois, in which they were going to expose

Iraqi atrocities for the benefit of the caucus and the American

people.</pre><pre>Anyway, there was an incredible conflict of interest between the

caucus and Hill & Knowlton, the most important aspect of which was

that the Congressional Human Rights Foundation, which was a

fund-raising arm of the caucus, had its offices, rent-free, in the

Hill & Knowlton headquarters. The Hill & Knowlton executives were also

representing as clients habitual human rights violators like Turkey,

Indonesia and China. You might ask yourself why Lantos and Porter were

allowing this arrangement. In any event, the star of the hearing was a

young 15 year-old girl named Nayirah -- no last name, no address, no

occupation -- who said that she had volunteered at Kuwaiti hospitals

and had seen the babies pulled from incubators and left to die on the

cold floor.</pre><pre>Now, to this day, I cannot tell you whether or not this story, which

turned out to be utterly fake, was manufactured by historically-astute

public relations executives in collaboration with the Kuwaitis, who

had read World War I history and had learned how successful the German

atrocities against Belgian babies and nuns had been in getting public

opinion on the side of the allies and getting the United States into

that war.</pre><pre>Nobody at the hearing, no reporter said, "Nayirah, that is a terrible

story; I am on the verge of tears. But what did you do after you put

the babies on the floor to die? Did you call for help, did you try to

pick one up, what happened then?"</pre><pre>The most fundamental and most elementary questions that a reporter is

supposed to ask were not asked. Niyarah was a fantastic propaganda

success. Hill & Knowlton made a brilliant little video news release

out of it, which they beamed all over the world. It was on NBC Nightly

News and millions and millions of people saw this. My brother saw

Niyarah testify, and it brought him to tears. That was the beginning

of the campaign. The campaign had begun to "get legs" as we say in the

public relations and news business.</pre><pre>Then they went to the United Nations and they did the same thing at

the Security Council. There was a certain Dr. Behbehani, who you may

remember testified that he was a surgeon who had personally seen the

burial of 40 babies pulled from incubators.</pre><pre>It turns out that Dr. Behbehani was a dentist, not a surgeon; and he

admitted after the war that he had lied, he made the whole thing up!

But again, it was grist for the public relations mill, it was

terrifically successful. Every time you put this stuff on camera --

and they staged it all very, very successfully -- you make a video

news release out of it and WZZZ in San Antonio can just pop it into

the console and make it part of their evening news. It's got a longer

life than just the day of the hearing or the day of the security

counsel hearing. It gets used again and again and again as filler for

tonight's roundup on Saddam-Hitler, Iraqi atrocities.</pre><pre>I did a little math and found out that the polls showed a country

pretty much divided 50-50 on sanctions versus hostilities back in

December 1990 and January 1991. But when the vote was finally taken in

the Senate, you may recall, it passed by five votes and in favor of

war. Six Senators cited the baby-incubator atrocity as a principal

reason -- sort of a final, compelling reason to vote for the

resolution over their initial or instinctive reluctance to go to war.

Several others who voted for the resolution said they thought Iraqi

atrocities in general were a good reason to go to war. As you may

know, Niyarah was not only a liar, but she was the daughter of the

Kuwaiti ambassador to the United States. That is the story I revealed

in The New York Times in January of 1992 on the op-ed page.</pre><pre>So, you have the country going to war, essentially, I believe, over

human rights, not over oil, not over realpolitik, not over America's

destiny to police the world, but really over human rights. This is

what swung the balance. That a good part of the human rights

atrocities story was fake suggests that we were mislead, conned,

whatever you want to say.

The second great fraud

</pre>

<a href="http://whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/LIE/HK/HK_IRAQ.html">http://whatreallyhappened.com/RANCHO/LIE/HK/HK_IRAQ.html</a>

pt 1<pre> The INDEPENDENT INSTITUTE

October 7, 1993

Sheraton Palace Hotel, San Francisco

Sponsored by The Independent Institute

                 Independent Policy Forum Luncheon Honoring
                             JOHN R. MACARTHUR
                        Publisher, Harper's Magazine
      Author, Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War
                                      
                 Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War:
                   How Government Can Mold Public Opinion

Introduction by David Theroux, President, The Independent Institute:

Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is David Theroux, I am

the president of the Independent Institute, and I am delighted to

welcome you to our Independent Policy Forum program today.

As many of you know, the Institute regularly sponsors programs

featuring outstanding experts to address major social, economic, and

foreign policy issues, especially as they may relate to important new

books. And, today is certainly no exception.

For those of you new to the Institute, you will find background

information on our program in the packet at your seat. The Independent

Institute is a non-profit, non-politicized, scholarly research and

educational organization which sponsors comprehensive studies of

critical public issues. The Institute's program adheres to the highest

standards of independent inquiry, and the resulting studies are widely

distributed as books and other publications, and are publicly debated

through numerous conference and media programs, such as in our forum

today. Our purpose is a Jeffersonian one of seeking the truth

regarding the impact of government policies, and not necessarily to

just tell people what they might want to hear. In so doing, we will

not take the public pronouncements of government officials at face

value, nor the conventional wisdom over serious public problems.

Hence, we invite your involvement, but be prepared for new and

challenging perspectives.

Our program today could not be more timely. Despite this week's

congressional clamor for withdrawal, an increasingly bloody,

escalating intervention in Somalia is showing that the use of military

intervention by the Clinton administration, like the Bush

administration before it, is likely to continue to be a common feature

of American foreign policy. Today, we have learned that an additional

5,000 plus troops with heavy weapons will now be sent to Somalia for

"non-military purposes." But will the Clinton administration like the

Bush administration allow the military to keep American journalists

from doing their jobs if the shooting starts and American forces take

increased casualties? Will the Clinton administration seek to limit

the role of the press as was done in the Gulf War to that of glorified

government stenographers should its interventions turn bloody, as has

already happened with the Somalia expedition?

Furthermore, what happens when government goes unchallenged, and when

questions regarding present and proposed domestic and international

policies go unasked? To understand how government officials may seek

to shift and control public opinion, our speaker today has found

understanding the precedents set during the war against Saddam Hussein

to be most insightful.

In his presentation, our speaker will draw upon his widely-acclaimed

book, Second Front: Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War, to

scrutinize the government's campaign to tightly control the American

media during Operation Desert Storm, policies that can be traced

through decades of press-government relations, including that

developed in the military operations in Grenada and Panama.

In his talk, our speaker will detail behind-the-scenes activities

during Operation Desert Storm by the U.S. and Kuwaiti governments as

well as the media's being co-opted while its rights to observe,

question, and report were heavily restricted far beyond any needs to

protect American lives. As a result, from Left to Right, there

resulted a virtual and complete cave-in by the media over the events,

politics, and simple facts during the Gulf Crisis. For example, as

reported in September's issue of Washington Monthly, within minutes

after a Norman Schwarzkopf Gulf War briefing in which the General

showed the press an Air Force film that he said depicted the

destruction of seven Iraqi Scud missiles, he was told that the CIA

believed that they were oil tanker trucks, not Scuds. The General

never corrected the record, and in a House Armed Services committee

report recently released, it states "a postwar review of photographs

cannot produce even a single confirmed kill of a Scud missile."

In a similar vein, where the General claimed that Iraq had 623,000

soldiers in the Kuwaiti theater, postwar Army estimates put Iraqi

strength at roughly 300,000, and the House committee report puts the

figure at 183,000. The Allies, meanwhile, had a total of 700,000

troops.

It has been said that truth is the first casualty of war, and the

history of war-making certainly bears this out. History has indeed

been largely written by the victors, and anyone familiar with the

Bayeux Tapestry of William the Conqueror knows the lengths to which a

State will go to justify war atrocities.. And in the American

experience, the Spanish-American War, World Wars I and II, and the

wars in Korea and Vietnam all depended upon extensive government

propaganda campaigns. The World War I journalist Randolph Bourne

correctly stated that "War is the Health of the State," and it is to

counter this total power that a free, independent, non-governmental

press is so crucial.

Our speaker today could not be better qualified or more incisive in

addressing the pressing civil liberties questions we face. In

addition, he was strongly influenced by the late Walter Karp, whose

work on journalism and war has scarcely been equaled. Rick MacArthur

is in the investigative and muck-racking journalistic tradition of

both H. L. Mencken and I. F. Stone.

He is the publisher of Harper's Magazine. His book, Second Front, was

selected by The New York Times Book Review Committee as "One of the

Notable Books of the Year."

Before joining Harper's, Mr. MacArthur was assistant foreign editor

for United Press International, and he has been a reporter for the

Chicago Sun-Times, Bergen Record, Washington Star, and The Wall Street

Journal. In 1986, Mr. MacArthur co-founded Article 19, the

International Centre on Censorship, which is based in London.

Mr. MacArthur holds a bachelor's degree in history from Columbia

University, and he is a fellow at the New York Institute for the

Humanities and a director of the Author's Guild and the Committee to

Protect Journalists.

I am very pleased to introduce him now to speak on "Censorship and

Propaganda in the Gulf War: How Government Can Mold Public Opinion,"

after which he will be happy to answer your questions. May I present

Rick MacArthur.

Presentation by John R. MacArthur:

I hope none of you think I am a humorless left-wing media critic, but

I come out of a tradition of reporting which is probably fast

disappearing, I am afraid. One of my mentors at United Press

International was a very odd survivor of the "Beat Generation" named

Lucian Carr. One day I was working on the foreign desk -- cables desk

as we called it at UPI -- and I had sent over a story with a lead

paragraph that Carr decided was not sufficient to excite the interest

of what we called "telegraph editors" at newspapers around the

country. Carr sort of ambled over to the cables desk and he said,

"Gentlemen, make me cry or make me horny." That was the sort of world

I grew up in, a newspaper business that didn't take itself nearly as

seriously as it takes itself now; and I would argue, it was a much

better, livelier business than it has become.

To begin, to back up the argument in my book, Second Front, I always

prefer a literary reference to a historical one -- that is when I can

get away with it.

During the summer vacation, and gratefully overcoming my phobia about

Henry James, I had the good fortune to discover two terrifically

useful quotations in one novel, The Portrait of a Lady, that bear

directly on those arguments I make in Second Front. In fact, if I had

known about them two years ago I would have used them in the book.

The first quotation deals with the attitude of Americans toward war,

certainly in the nineteenth century, but, I believe, in some ways it

is still our basic attitude. Bear with me if you know the story of The

Portrait of a Lady. James' heroine, the young, attractive and

intelligent Isabel Archer has been pursued, by among other men, a

certain Casper Goodwood, a Massachusetts textile heir of energy and

literal mindedness -- in short, a member of the class that I like to

refer to as the "working rich." James describes him this way, "It

always struck people who knew him that he might do greater things than

carry on a cotton factory. There was nothing cottony about Casper

Goodwood. And his friends took him for granted that he would not

always content himself with that. He had once said to Isabel that if

the United States were not such a confoundedly peaceful nation, he

would find his proper place in the Army."

In the Gulf War story, George Bush plays a version of Casper Goodwood,

the son of the New England political and business aristocracy,

desperate to prove himself in war, trying to overcome the confoundedly

peaceful tendencies of his fellow citizens, which stand in the way of

his enormous ambition.

Another character in the novel is Isabel's friend, Henrietta

Stackpole. Henrietta is as straight-forward and energetic as Goodwood,

but her trade is journalism and she is constantly trying to tell

Isabel the truth, which is the very bad news that the man Isabel

eventually marries is a selfish, narrow-minded prig. Now regarding the

husband's poor opinion of her, of Henrietta, James quotes Henrietta

this way, "I don't know and I don't care. He is perfectly welcome not

to like me. I don't want everyone to like me. I should think less of

myself if some people did."

A journalist can't hope to do much good unless he gets hated a good

deal. That's the way he knows his work goes on. Henrietta, who works

for The New York Interviewer speaks in the honest journalist idiom

displayed in my book by Dan Rather, who denounces the new era of what

he calls "suck-up journalism." He describes to me how he's become an

alien in a world in which his boss is urgent to become more likable --

not hated, but more likable. Rather can remember the day not so long

ago when reporters were rewarded for being more like Henrietta

Stackpole.

Now, do these nineteenth century assumptions about America,

fundamentally peaceful and protected from the Casper Goodwoods by a

fiercely independent and rambunctious press, still apply in the

present day? Sadly they don't.

On the one hand, in the Gulf War story we have a president of great

energy and ambition who drags his reluctant countrymen into war

through a carefully orchestrated and largely fraudulent public

relations campaign. Standing between Bush and his ambition there

should have been a whole army of Henrietta Stackpoles asking

unpleasant and probing questions. In 1881 it could be assumed that

most reporters and publishers would have generally agreed with

Henrietta's assessment of the journalist destiny to be hated. But what

Bush encountered in the late twentieth century instead was a group of

tame and timid press agents incapable, or unwilling for the most part,

of doing even the most basic police reporting. Not to mention asking

probing and intelligent questions about foreign policy, foreign

countries, war and peace, etc., etc.

Worse still, Bush found among the media a cadre of "journalists" who

did their best to perpetrate the propaganda that proved successful in

driving this country into the Gulf War.</pre>

Lauri Fitz-Pegado is a partner at The Livingston Group. Appointed by President Clinton and confirmed by the Senate, Ms. Fitz-Pegado served in the Department of Commerce, under the late Secretary Ronald H. Brown and Secretaries Mickey Kantor and William Daley, as the assistant secretary and director general of the US and Foreign Commercial Service. She served on the Obama for President campaign's foreign policy experts teams for Latin America and the Caribbean and Africa and was director for public liaison of the first Clinton-Gore inauguration and advisor on international issues to Democratic National Committee chairman Ronald H. Brown. In 1997 she joined Iridium L.L.C., the world's first global satellite and paging company, where she was vice president for global gateway management and vice president for corporate affairs and communications. A former foreign service officer who served in the Dominican Republic and Mexico, Ms. Fitz-Pegado also provided domestic and international clients strategic communications counsel, public relations, and government relations services at Gray and Company and Hill and Knowlton.

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lauri_J.Fitz-Pegado">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lauri_J.Fitz-Pegado</a>

cato monsanto DCI

===

<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah">http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah</a>

Nurse Nayirah was a young Kuwaiti woman who, in the run up to the 1991 Gulf war, gave fraudulent testimony to a non-governmental Congressional Human Rights Caucus on October 10, 1990. She was presented as a 15 year old volunteer nursing assistant who needed to hide her identity for security reasons.

In 1992, it was revealed that Nayirah's last name was al-Sabah and that she was the daughter of Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah, the Kuwaiti ambassador to the United States and member of the Kuwaiti royal family who had been sitting just a few feet from her as she gave her evidence. It was further revealed that her testimony was organized as part of the Citizens for a Free Kuwait public relations campaign which was run by the advertising and PR firm Hill & Knowlton for the Kuwaiti government.

Nayirah al-Sabah's testimony is now acknowledged as having been the most spectacular and effective stunt in a $10 million bought-and-paid-for campaign of cynical wartime propaganda orchestrated by the Kuwaiti government, which arguably swung the balance in what was a close Congressional vote on the use of the US military against the Iraqi invasion.

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#Testimony" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">1 Testimony</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#Propaganda_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2 Propaganda resources</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#Exposed_as_an_invention" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">3 Exposed as an invention</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">5 Notes</a></li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Testimony</h2>

In her emotional testimony, Nayirah stated that she had witnessed Iraqi soldiers take babies out of incubators, take the incubators, and leave the babies to die. Though reporters did not have access to Kuwait at the time, her testimony was regarded as credible and was widely publicized. It was cited numerous times by United States senators and the president in their rationale to back Kuwait in the Gulf War and it had a massive impact on both US and Western public opinion about the impending war.

<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Propaganda resources</h2>

<table class="toccolours" cellspacing="5" style="background-color: rgb(198, 219, 247); font-weight: normal; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; width: 25em; max-width: 25%;"><tbody><tr><td style=" text-align: left;">"Iraqis are beating people, bombing and shooting. They are taking all hospital equipment, babies out of incubators . Life-support systems are turned off... They are even removing traffic lights. The Iraqis are beating Kuwaitis, torturing them, knifing them, beating them, cutting their ears off if they are caught resisting or are with the Kuwaiti army or police."</td></tr><tr><td style=" text-align: left;">—Evacuee's description as reported in St. Louis Post-Dispatch</td></tr></tbody></table>

US Congressman Jimmy Hayes of Louisiana - a conservative Democrat who supported the Gulf War - later estimated that the government of Kuwait funded as many as 20 PR, law and lobby firms in its campaign to mobilize US opinion and force against Hussein.<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[1]</a> Participating firms included the Rendon Group, which received a retainer of $100,000 per month for media work, and Neill & Co., which received $50,000 per month for lobbying Congress. Sam Zakhem, a former US ambassador to the oil-rich gulf state of Bahrain, funneled $7.7 million in advertising and lobbying dollars through two front groups, the "Coalition for Americans at Risk" and the "Freedom Task Force." The Coalition, which began in the 1980s as a front for the contras in Nicaragua, prepared and placed TV and newspaper ads, and kept a stable of fifty speakers available for pro-war rallies and publicity events.<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[2]</a>

Hill & Knowlton, then the world's largest PR firm, served as mastermind for the Kuwaiti campaign. Its activities alone would have constituted the largest foreign-funded campaign ever aimed at manipulating American public opinion. By law, the Foreign Agents Registration Act should have exposed this propaganda campaign to the American people, but the Justice Department chose not to enforce it. Nine days after Saddam's army marched into Kuwait, the Emir's government agreed to fund a contract under which Hill & Knowlton would represent "Citizens for a Free Kuwait," a classic PR front group designed to hide the real role of the Kuwaiti government and its collusion with the Bush administration. Over the next six months, the Kuwaiti government channeled $11.9 million dollars to Citizens for a Free Kuwait, whose only other funding totalled $17,861 from 78 individuals. Virtually all of CFK's budget - $10.8 million - went to Hill & Knowlton in the form of fees.<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[3]</a>

The man running Hill & Knowlton's Washington office was Craig Fuller, one of Bush's closest friends and inside political advisors. The news media never bothered to examine Fuller's role until after the war had ended, but if America's editors had read the PR trade press, they might have noticed this announcement, published in O'Dwyer's PR Services before the fighting began: "Craig L. Fuller, chief of staff to Bush when he was vice-president, has been on the Kuwaiti account at Hill & Knowlton since the first day. He and [Bob] Dilenschneider at one point made a trip to Saudi Arabia, observing the production of some 20 videotapes, among other chores. The Wirthlin Group, research arm of H&K, was the pollster for the Reagan Administration.... Wirthlin has reported receiving $1.1 million in fees for research assignments for the Kuwaitis. Robert K. Gray, Chairman of H&K/USA based in Washington, DC had leading roles in both Reagan campaigns. He has been involved in foreign nation accounts for many years.... Lauri J. Fitz-Pegado, account supervisor on the Kuwait account, is a former Foreign Service Officer at the US Information Agency who joined Gray when he set up his firm in 1982."<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[4]</a>

Throughout the campaign, the Wirthlin Group conducted daily opinion polls to help Hill & Knowlton take the emotional pulse of key constituencies so it could identify the themes and slogans that would be most effective in promoting support for US military action. After the war ended, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation produced an Emmy award-winning TV documentary on the PR campaign titled "To Sell a War." The show featured an interview with Wirthlin executive Dee Alsop in which Alsop bragged of his work and demonstrated how audience surveys were even used to physically adapt the clothing and hairstyle of the Kuwait ambassador so he would seem more likeable to TV audiences. Wirthlin's job, Alsop explained, was "to identify the messages that really resonate emotionally with the American people." The theme that struck the deepest emotional chord, they discovered, was "the fact that Saddam Hussein was a madman who had committed atrocities even against his own people, and had tremendous power to do further damage, and he needed to be stopped."<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[5]</a>

In addition to Republican notables like Gray and Fuller, Hill & Knowlton maintained a well-connected stable of in-house Democrats who helped develop the bipartisan support needed to support the war. Lauri Fitz-Pegado, who headed the Kuwait campaign, had previously worked with super-lobbyist Ron Brown representing Haiti's Duvalier dictatorship. Hill & Knowlton senior vice-president Thomas Ross had been Pentagon spokesman during the Carter Administration. To manage the news media, H&K relied on vice-chairman Frank Mankiewicz, whose background included service as press secretary and advisor to Robert F. Kennedy and George McGovern, followed by a stint as president of National Public Radio. Under his direction, Hill & Knowlton arranged hundreds of meetings, briefings, calls and mailings directed toward the editors of daily newspapers and other media outlets......

MacArthur also noticed another telling detail about the October 1990 hearings: "The Human Rights Caucus is not a committee of congress, and therefore it is unencumbered by the legal accouterments that would make a witness hesitate before he or she lied.... Lying under oath in front of a congressional committee is a crime; lying from under the cover of anonymity to a caucus is merely public relations."<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[6]</a>

In fact, the most emotionally moving testimony on October 10 came from a 15-year-old Kuwaiti girl, known only by her first name of Nayirah. According to the Caucus, Nayirah's full name was being kept confidential to prevent Iraqi reprisals against her family in occupied Kuwait. Sobbing, she described what she had seen with her own eyes in a hospital in Kuwait City. Her written testimony was passed out in a media kit prepared by Citizens for a Free Kuwait. "I volunteered at the al-Addan hospital," Nayirah said. "While I was there, I saw the Iraqi soldiers come into the hospital with guns, and go into the room where ... babies were in incubators. They took the babies out of the incubators, took the incubators, and left the babies on the cold floor to die."<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[7]</a>

Three months passed between Nayirah's testimony and the start of the war. During those months, the story of babies torn from their incubators was repeated over and over again. President Bush told the story. It was recited as fact in Congressional testimony, on TV and radio talk shows, and at the UN Security Council. "Of all the accusations made against the dictator," MacArthur observed, "none had more impact on American public opinion than the one about Iraqi soldiers removing 312 babies from their incubators and leaving them to die on the cold hospital floors of Kuwait City."<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[8]</a>

<blockquote style="font-weight: normal;">"If I wanted to lie, or if we wanted to lie, if we wanted to exaggerate, I wouldn't use my daughter to do so. I could easily buy other people to do it." - Saud Nasir al-Sabah, Kuwait's Ambassador to the United States and Canada (unverified quote in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.)</blockquote>

<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Exposed as an invention</h2>

Following the war, human rights investigators attempted to confirm Nayirah's story and could find no witnesses or other evidence to support it. Amnesty International first defended the story ("believes there is compelling evidence of large-scale killing of incubator babies" 21st March 1991) and then (13 June 1991) reluctantly "examined the conflicting evidence and concluded that the story did not stand up", condemning as offensive the implication from Alexander Cockburn that financial interests had influenced their impartial advocacy of human rights.<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[9]</a>

Nayirah herself was unavailable for comment. "This is the first allegation I've had that she was the ambassador's daughter," said Human Rights Caucus co-chair John Porter. "Yes, I think people ... were entitled to know the source of her testimony." When journalists for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation asked Nasir al-Sabah for permission to question Nayirah about her story, the ambassador angrily refused.<a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">[10]</a>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1Bg_XnKN1M" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"To Sell a war"</a> Canada Broadcasting Corporation video of the episode.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">How PR Sold the War in the Persian Gulf, (Chapter 10 - Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry)</a> by John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton.</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visualstatistics.net/east-west/Nurse%20Nayirah/Nurse%20Nayirah.htm" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">Confabulations of Nurse Nayirah</a> - Phenomenological Analysis of Obscured Events</li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayirah_(testimony)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">Wikipedia page</a> - Wikipedia calls the testimony "controversial" and "has largely come to be regarded as wartime propaganda".</li>

</ul>

<h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);">Notes</h2>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> "H&K leads PR charge in behalf of Kuwaiti cause," O'Dwyer's PR Services Report, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan. 1991, p.8. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> "Citizens for Free Kuwait Files with FARA After a Nine-month Lag," O'Dwyer's FARA Report, Vol. 1, No. 9, Oct. 1991, p. 2. See also Arthur E. Rowse, "Flacking for the Emir," The Progressive, May, 1991, p. 22. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> O'Dwyer's FARA Report, Vol. 1, No. 9, Oct. 1991, pp. 2. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> O'Dwyer's PR Services Report, Vol. 5, No. 1, Jan. 1991, pp. 8, 10. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> Transcript, "To Sell A War", pp. 3-4. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> MacArthur, p.58. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> MacArthur, p.58. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> MacArthur, p.54. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

<li id="cite_note-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v13/n03/alexander-cockburn/right-stuff" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">Amnesty International reluctantly retracts allegation</a>"examined the conflicting evidence and concluded that the story did not stand up" London Review of Books, Exchange of letter with Alexander Cockburn. Letters Vol. 13 No. 6. 21 March 1991.</li>

<li id="cite_note-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://wikispooks.com/wiki/Nurse_Nayirah#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">↑</a> "To Sell A War," pp. 4-5. Cited in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/books/tsigfy10.html/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">"Toxic Sludge Is Good For You"</a> at PRwatch.</li>

</ol>

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