synagro

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2018</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p><a href="https://www.tnonline.com/east-penn-twp-prepares-sludge-court-battle"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.tnonline.com/east-penn-twp-prepares-sludge-court-battle</font></a></p><h1 class="abheading" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; padding: 20px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">East Penn Twp. prepares for sludge court battle</font></h1><div class="easysocial" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div id="block-easysocial" class="block block-easy-social block-easy-social-block" role="complementary" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><ul class="easy_social_box clearfix " style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; list-style: none; padding-inline-start: 0px;"><li class="easy_social-widget easy_social-widget-twitter" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 4px -5px 0px; padding: 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; float: left;" /><li class="easy_social-widget easy_social-widget-facebook" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; float: left;" /><li class="easy_social-widget easy_social-widget-googleplus" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; padding: 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; float: left;" /></ul></div></div></div><div class="image-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div class="bx-wrapper" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; position: relative; max-width: 0px;"><div class="bx-viewport" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 5px solid rgb(255, 255, 255); outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); height: 10px; left: -5px; transform: translateZ(0px); width: 10px; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><ul class="bxslider-main-noextra" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; width: 0px; position: relative;" /></div></div></div><div class="rest-of-node" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; max-width: 100%;"><header style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div class="nodemeta" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px -5px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Published May 09. 2018 </font><div class="field field--name-field-byline field--type-custom-field-item field--label-hidden fielditems" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: 700; text-transform: uppercase;"><span class="fielditem" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BY CHRIS REBER CREBER@TNONLINE.COM</font></p></span></div></div></header><div class="nodecontent clearfix" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 20px 0px 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div id="story_paragraph" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><div id="story_paragraph_body" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><p class="content dropcap" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The East Penn Township supervisors are gearing up for a legal battle to prevent the use of treated sewage sludge on a farm in the township.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Residents have come out in force since the Synagro Inc. proposed using the material also known as biosolids in January.</b></font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On Tuesday, the supervisors announced that a hearing scheduled for this Friday in <b>Carbon County Court </b>would be delayed at Synagro’s request. The township sued Synagro and the farmer earlier this month because they haven’t applied for a permit from the township to use biosolids.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They also authorized the township solicitor to hire experts, at a cost not to exceed $10,000, to testify when the matter eventually comes up in court.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Supervisor Alice Berger asked why the township has to pay $10,000 for experts.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We need experts to say that it may harm the residents. They’ll have their experts, it will be a typical battle of experts,” Supervisor William Schwab said.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The township’s lawsuit states that<b> Synagro has failed to get a permit from the township to use biosolids on a farm </b>owned by Dennis Cunfer and Wanda Crostley. The farm is located off of Lizard Creek Road near the village of West Bowmans.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At the township’s request, Judge Steven Serfass last week granted emergency relief in the form of an injunction that blocked Synagro from using biosolids on the site.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The township filed its suit after the Department of Environmental Protection approved Synagro’s request to use biosolids on the Cunfer farm.</b></font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to Synagro, they named Dennis Cunfer and his sister Wanda Crostley, as well as Cunfer’s wife, Deanna; son, Justin; daughter-in-law, Katherine; and their business, Never Done Farm.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Deanna Cunfer is a township supervisor. Katherine Hetherington-Cunfer is DEP’s director of external affairs. Both have pledged to recuse themselves from acting in their official capacities on the plan.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Katherine Hetherington-Cunfer wrote a letter to the Attorney General’s office arguing that the township’s ordinance conflicts with Pennsylvania’s Agriculture, Communities and Rural Environment ordinance. As a result, the AG’s office is investigating whether to challenge the ordinance in court. Before taking her position at DEP, Hetherington-Cunfer worked in a unit of the AG’s office dedicated to enforcing ACRE.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schwab said the township has cooperated with the AG’s office in their review of the ordinance.</font></p><p class="content" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; line-height: 26.3894px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The supervisors have also filed a complaint against Deanna Cunfer with the state’s ethics commission, alleging she provided Hetherington-Cunfer with a document summarizing the ordinance that was only meant for use by the supervisors</font></p></div></div></div></div></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But more recently, in <b>December 2002, Porter Township, Pennsylvania unanimously passed an ordinance denying corporate claims to personhood.</b> The Township is the first and only local government in the United States to deny these civil and constitutional rights to corporations. Porter Township and neighboring Rush Township have laws that govern the local dumping of Pittsburgh-generated sludge by charging the dumping companies a “tipping fee.”<b> In 2000,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Synagro Corporation, one of the largest dumping companies in the nation, </span>sued Rush Township, claiming that as a corporate citizen, the Township violated Synagro’s 14th amendment rights</b>. In response, Porter Township, passed its precedent-setting ordinance claiming that the dumping company, or any corporation within its jurisdiction, may not wield personhood and free speech privileges</font>

<div><span id="docs-internal-guid-847c6e59-1f40-14f5-1ff6-d07b293fa45c"><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>According to some estimates, sludge hauling is now an $11 billion a year industry</b>. Sludge haulers — such as Houston-based Synagro Technologies, the largest of the companies involved and the owner of Waste Management, plus numerous subsidiaries — give farmers the sludge for free to apply to agricultural land where crops are grown.</font></span></span></div>

<div>

<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Synagro,</b> according to its website, is the largest processor of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sewage_sludge" title="Sewage sludge" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">sewage sludge</a> in the United States. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a></sup> The company is owned, since 2007, by<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/The_Carlyle_Group" title="The Carlyle Group" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">The Carlyle Group</a>, a formal corporate partner of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Environmental_Defense_Fund" title="Environmental Defense Fund" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Environmental Defense Fund</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a></sup> Synagro describes itself as "a company that helps government agencies and private industries better manage organic residuals. Organic residuals include all non-hazardous (sic) byproducts created by industrial or municipal facilities during the water or wastewater treatment process. Our company: <b>Serves more than 600 municipal and industrial water and wastewater facilities; </b>Employs over 1,000 people; Operates in 33 states; Has revenues of over $344MM for the year ending 2009." <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Donating_Sewage_Sludge_Products_to_Community_Gardens_2013" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Donating Sewage Sludge Products to Community Gardens 2013</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#CBS_Gives_PR_Boost_To_Synagro_with_.22Undercover_Boss.22" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">CBS Gives PR Boost To Synagro with "Undercover Boss"</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Chez_Sludge_and_Synagro" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Chez Sludge and Synagro</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Synagro_Processes_San_Francisco.27s_Toxic_Sludge.28aka.22Organic_Biosolids_Compost.22.29" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Synagro Processes San Francisco's Toxic Sludge (aka "Organic Biosolids Compost")</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Synagro.27s_Detroit_Sludge_Bribery_Scandal_Involving_Felon_Monica_Conyers.2C_Wife_of_Congressman_John_Conyers" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Synagro's Detroit Sludge Bribery Scandal Involving Felon Monica Conyers, Wife of Congressman John Conyers</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Articles_and_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Articles and Resources</span></a>

</font><ul style=" line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;">

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Related_SourceWatch_Articles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch Articles</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#Related_PRWatch_Articles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Related PRWatch Articles</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#External_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span> <span class="toctext">External Resources</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#External_Articles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span> <span class="toctext">External Articles</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#References" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6.5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></font></a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

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<h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Donating_Sewage_Sludge_Products_to_Community_Gardens_2013"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donating Sewage Sludge Products to Community Gardens 2013</font></span></h2>

<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2013, the USCC began a PR campaign it called the "Million Tomato Compost Campaign," which it said "connects community gardens, compost producers, chefs and food banks to grow healthy soil, healthy food, and healthy communities."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the campaign website, "USCC's STA certified compost producer members will donate STA-certified compost to participating community gardens who sign on to the Million Tomato Compost Campaign. Community gardens will use their compost to grow one million tomatoes, either for their own use or for donation to local food banks. Chefs will work with the community gardeners, schools and nonprofits to teach people about using sustainably grown local food in recipes that even kids will love!"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Of the dozens of producers in almost all 50 states that participate in the USCC's STA program, at least six are known to use industrial and residential sewage sludge in their products: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/A-1_Organics" title="A-1 Organics" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">A-1 Organics</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/EKO_Systems" title="EKO Systems" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">EKO Systems</a> (one of whose plants was producing 3,090 dry tons of sewage sludge product a year as of 2010), Synagro, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/WeCare_Organics" title="WeCare Organics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">WeCare Organics</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Inland_Empire_Regional_Composting_Authority" title="Inland Empire Regional Composting Authority" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Inland Empire Regional Composting Authority</a> (the Los Angeles area sewage treatment facility, sewage sludge from which is also used in products like those from <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kellogg_Garden_Products" title="Kellogg Garden Products" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kellogg Garden Products</a>), and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Engel%26_Gray,Inc." title="Engel & Gray, Inc." style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Engel & Gray, Inc.</a>'s Harvest Blend Compost.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These products are some of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Toxic_Sludge_Products" title="Toxic Sludge Products" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">sewage sludge products</a> known to be sold by corporations and municipalities. To dispose of sewage sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants, the industry and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> (EPA) have renamed them "<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Biosolids" title="Biosolids" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">biosolids</a>" and dubbed them as "green" examples of recycling, beneficial reuse, and organic fertilizer and compost products. In many cases, the sewage sludge is then packaged as compost or fertilizer and sold to unsuspecting gardeners or farmers.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sludge_contaminants" title="Sludge contaminants" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Sludge contaminants</a> can include <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Flame_retardants" title="Flame retardants" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">flame retardants</a> (which California recently listed as a carcinogen, or cancer-causing agent), antibacterial agents like <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Triclosan" title="Triclosan" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">triclosan</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Phthalates" title="Phthalates" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">phthalates</a> (the solvent that gives vinyl plastic the nickname "Poison Plastic") and other industrial solvents, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iatp.org/documents/nanomaterials-in-soil-our-future-food-chain" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">nanosilver and other nanomaterials</a>, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical residues, resistant pathogens, and perfluorinated compounds. Some of these contaminants can "<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Scientific_Studies_of_Sewage_Sludge" title="Scientific Studies of Sewage Sludge" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">bioaccumulate</a>" in plants grown in sludge-contaminated soil and remain as residue on vegetables in contact with the soil. These plants can then eaten by children and adults.</font></p>

<h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="CBS_Gives_PR_Boost_To_Synagro_with_.22Undercover_Boss.22"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CBS Gives PR Boost To Synagro with "Undercover Boss"</font></span></h2>

<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Currently, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/PR_firm" title="PR firm" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PR firm</a> <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Allison_%26_Partners" title="Allison & Partners" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Allison & Partners</a> is helping to mold and shape the image of <strong class="selflink">Synagro</strong> by arranging with CBS to feature the enormous sludge company's CEO on CBS's "Undercover Boss," in a March 27, 2011 episode to air at 9 p.m. EST. "Undercover Boss" is a so-called reality television program featuring, "senior executives as they leave the comfort of their corner offices for an undercover mission to examine the inner workings of their companies," according to PRNewswire.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[6]</a></sup> In this photo<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[7]</a></sup>, Synagro CEO Bill Massa emerges from cleaning a tank full of toxic sewage sludge. PRNewswire's caption refers to Synagro's work as the designing and execution of "efficient, integrated waste capture and conversion solutions." Also in the episode, Massa allegedly helps to de-water sludge and dredge and clean a lagoon.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"From business operations to safety standards, Synagro is steadfastly committed to excellence, and we encourage our employees to tap into their own passions and view our company as a means to foster that growth and interest," Massa said through the Allison & Partners release. "I am honored to work alongside these men and women and offer them additional opportunities to help make a difference in their lives."</font></p>

<h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Chez_Sludge_and_Synagro" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Chez Sludge<span style="font-weight: normal;"> and Synagro</span></font></span></h2>

<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Synagro "composts" the toxic sludge of the City of San Francisco and 8 other counties, the product at the heart of the </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Chez_Sludge" title="Chez Sludge" style="background: none; text-decoration: none;">Chez Sludge</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> scandal in San Francisco. The </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Food_Rights_Network" title="Food Rights Network" style="background: none; text-decoration: none;">Food Rights Network</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> released a major investigative report on July 9, 2010 titled: </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/node/9243" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%; text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px;">Chez Sludge: How the Sewage Sludge Industry Bedded Alice Waters</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[8]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> It examines </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">collusion between the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Chez_Panisse_Foundation" title="Chez Panisse Foundation" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration: none;">Chez Panisse Foundation</a> and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SFPUC" title="SFPUC" class="mw-redirect" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration: none;">SFPUC</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> based on an extensive open records investigation of the SFPUC internal files. (To view the internal documents see: </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SFPUC_Sludge_Controversy_Timeline" title="SFPUC Sludge Controversy Timeline" style="background: none; text-decoration: none;">SFPUC Sludge Controversy Timeline</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.)</span></font></p>

<h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Synagro_Processes_San_Francisco.27s_Toxic_Sludge.28aka.22Organic_Biosolids_Compost.22.29"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Synagro Processes San Francisco's Toxic Sludge (aka "Organic Biosolids Compost")</font></span></h2>

<p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2009 a major controversy erupted in San Francisco when the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Food_Safety" title="Center for Food Safety" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Center for Food Safety</a> and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Organic_Consumers_Association" title="Organic Consumers Association" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Organic Consumers Association</a> called on the SFPUC to end its give-away of toxic<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sewage_sludge" title="Sewage sludge" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">sewage sludge</a> processed by the <strong class="selflink">Synagro</strong> company as free "organic <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Biosolids" title="Biosolids" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">biosolids</a> compost" to gardeners. The sewage sludge "compost" is processed from the sludge of San Francisco and eight other counties.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A March 4, 2010, demonstration at City Hall by the OCA forced a temporary halt to the program. (See articles below)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[9]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a></sup> The misleading labeled "organic compost," which the PUC has given away free to gardeners since 2007, is composed of toxic sewage sludge from San Francisco and eight other counties. Very little toxicity testing has been done, but what little has been done is alarming. Just the sludge from San Francisco alone has tested positive for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/dibromo-.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane</a> (a.k.a. DBCP),<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/iris/subst/0414.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg") 100% 50%;">Isopropyltoluene</a> (a.k.a. p-cymene or p-isopropyltoluene), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/topics/agents/dioxins/index.cfm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Dioxins</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hl-vs/iyh-vsv/environ/dioxin-eng.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Furans</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style=" line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Independent tests of sewage sludge-derived "compost from the <strong class="selflink">Synagro</strong> CVC plant in Merced, CA -- a product distributed free to Bay Area gardeners since 2007 by the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/San_Francisco_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="San Francisco Public Utilities Commission" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission</a> in their "organic biosolids compost" giveaway program -- have found appreciable concentrations of contaminants with endocrine-disruptive properties. These contaminants include polybrominated diphenyl ether (<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/PBDE" title="PBDE" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">PBDE</a>) flame retardants, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Nonylphenols" title="Nonylphenols" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">nonylphenol</a> detergent breakdown products, and the antibacterial agent <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Triclosan" title="Triclosan" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">triclosan</a>. The independent tests were conducted for the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Food_Rights_Network" title="Food Rights Network" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Food Rights Network</a> by Dr. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_C._Hale" title="Robert C. Hale" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Robert C. Hale</a> of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences and released publicly on August 10, 2010, at a meeting of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SFPUC" title="SFPUC" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">SFPUC</a>.</font></p>

<h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Synagro.27s_Detroit_Sludge_Bribery_Scandal_Involving_Felon_Monica_Conyers.2C_Wife_of_Congressman_John_Conyers"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Synagro's Detroit Sludge Bribery Scandal Involving Felon Monica Conyers, Wife of Congressman John Conyers</font></span></h2>

<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Monica_Conyers" title="Monica Conyers" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration: none;">Monica Conyers</a>, the Detroit politician who is the wife of powerful liberal Congressman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers" class="mw-redirect" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration: none;">John Conyers</a>, is a convicted felon, going to prison. "She pleaded guilty in 2009 to taking bribes to vote for Synagro Technologies in a $1.2-billion sludge disposal deal. "<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[15]</a></sup> However, <strong class="selflink" style="">Synagro</strong> or its owner the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Carlyle_Group" title="Carlyle Group" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration: none;">Carlyle Group</a> has not been charged</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p>

<h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_and_Resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and Resources</font></span></h2>

<h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_Articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch Articles</font></span></h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Carlyle_Group" title="Carlyle Group" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Carlyle Group</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Biosolids" title="Biosolids" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">biosolids</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Food_Rights_Network" title="Food Rights Network" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Food Rights Network</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sewage_sludge" title="Sewage sludge" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">sewage sludge</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/San_Francisco_Public_Utilities_Commission" title="San Francisco Public Utilities Commission" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Toxic_Sludge_Products" title="Toxic Sludge Products" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Toxic Sludge Products</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sludge_contaminants" title="Sludge contaminants" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Sludge contaminants</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Scientific_Studies_of_Sewage_Sludge" title="Scientific Studies of Sewage Sludge" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Scientific Studies of Sewage Sludge</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Water_Environment_Federation" title="Water Environment Federation" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Water Environment Federation</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/US_Composting_Council" title="US Composting Council" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">US Composting Council</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Seal_of_Testing_Assurance" title="Seal of Testing Assurance" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Seal of Testing Assurance</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_PRWatch_Articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related PRWatch Articles</font></span></h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rebekah Wilce, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/news/2013/05/12103/trade-group-offers-free-sewage-sludge-compost-community-gardens-million-tomato-ca" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Trade Group Offers Free Sewage Sludge "Compost" to Community Gardens in "Million Tomato Campaign" for Food Banks</a>, <i>PRWatch.org</i>, May 9, 2013.</font></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_Resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External Resources</font></span></h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nycsludge.com/?page_id=84" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">NYC Sludge</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_Articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External Articles</font></span></h3>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Diane Bukowski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michigancitizen.com/carlyle-and-synagro-escape-charges-p8829-1.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Carlyle and Synagro escape charges; Powerful global firm, subsidy engineered city pay-offs</a>, <i>Michigan Citizen</i>, July 29, 2010.</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David Ashenfelter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freep.com/article/20100817/NEWS01/100817044/1319/Monica-Conyers-loses-bid-to-delay-doing-prison-time" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Monica Conyers loses bid to delay doing prison time</a>, Detroit Free Press, August 17, 2010.</font></li>

</ul>

<h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h3>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synagro.com/about/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Synagro Website Visited June 16, 2010.</a></span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlyle.com/portfolio/item10016.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Carlyle Website visited June 16, 2010.</a></span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.synagro.com/about/profile.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Synagro website accessed July 1, 2010</a></span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leanne Spaulding, U.S. Composting Council, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://campaign.r20.constantcontact.com/render?llr=pafhtzbab&v=001xIsb6zOAIu7C0ZMpgFqaZlygaAvINy9e8bwinyuKFmbsM2LKF3loEHVaq1Zg0s7TN9-ZfSOB4CEt-4x_ZKBR-skzgK10UC49_fiBRPTJ8GT4I1wy9wc9pwYFB9PeZ5daARknz4NQKUI6-lBmHYEXULuadE8D5Gi5J0Z9F5i9Pdz65RHuX2-udJT782BPsXRuIPaCeDrtoWZW7Mioz3Lh8oY64qt3NyWhCKrCmJu2C9pxdcFwx7b96hWe1ctaXqfBA3Bx6IfYIolu-jlhuFF38VKBK3iKN8wm3XAP_K97gvJ2DL-L6ZWHtlQeH5eidO9DFWD8YIj663FrK7xI9Qtt9VuneFXlzbpk" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">RE: Happy ICAW 2013!</a>, organizational email to members, May 7, 2013.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">U.S. Composting Council, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buy-compost.com/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Buy-Compost.com</a>, Million Tomato Compost Campaign website, accessed May 2013.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://internationalentertainmentnews.blogspot.com/2011/03/synagro-ceo-featured-on-cbss-undercover.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Synagro Featured on CBS's "Boss Undercover"</a>, <i>International Entertainment News</i>, accessed March 2011.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photos.prnewswire.com/medias/switch.do?prefix=/appnb&page=/getStoryRemapDetails.do&prnid=20110322%252fNY69220&action=details" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Photo: Synagro CEO Bill Massa covered in sewage sludge</a>, <i>PR Newswire</i>, accessed March 2011.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Stauber, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://prwatch.org/Chez+Sludge" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Chez Sludge: How the Sewage Sludge Industry Bedded Alice Waters</a>, PRWatch.org, July 9, 2010</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heather Knight, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/09/27/BAAK19SC1J.DTL" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">Nonprofit calls PUC's compost toxic sludge</a>, San Francisco Chronicle, September 27, 2009.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-10" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Estabrook, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theatlantic.com/food/archive/2009/12/free-compost-or-toxic-sludge/31024/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">Free Compost--Or Toxic Sludge?</a>, The Atlantic, December 1, 2009</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-11" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anna Werner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cbs5.com/video/?id=62619@kpix.dayport.com" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Concern Over SF Compost Made from Sewage Sludge</a>, CBS Channel 5, March 3, 2010</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-12" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leora Broydo Vestel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/food-groups-clash-over-compost-sludge/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/food-groups-clash-over-compost-sludge/</a> Food Groups Clash Over Compost Sludge, New York Times Green Inc. blog, April 9 2010.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-13" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Roberts, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfappeal.com/news/2010/03/farmers-call-pucs-shit-will.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Farmers Call PUC's Shit, Will Dump it on City Hall Today</a>, San Francisco Appeal, March 4, 2010.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-14" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-14" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jill Richardson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lavidalocavore.org/diary/3480/what-san-francisco-found-in-their-own-sludge" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">What San Francisco Found in Their Own Sludge</a>, La Vida Locavore blog, April 8, 2010.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-15" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-15" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">[David Ashenfelter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freep.com/article/20100817/NEWS01/100817044/1319/Monica-Conyers-loses-bid-to-delay-doing-prison-time" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Monica Conyers loses bid to delay doing prison time</a>, Detroit Free Press, August 17, 2010</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-16" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style=" -webkit-user-select: none;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Synagro#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Diane Bukowski, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://michigancitizen.com/carlyle-and-synagro-escape-charges-p8829-1.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Carlyle and Synagro escape charges; Powerful global firm, subsidy engineered city pay-offs</a>, Michigan Citizen, July 29, 2010.</span></font></li>

</ol>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: 

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Synagro, according to its website, is the largest processor of sewage sludge in the United States. [1] The company is owned, since 2007, by The Carlyle Group, a formal corporate partner of the Environmental Defense Fund. [2] Synagro describes itself as "a company that helps government agencies and private industries better manage organic residuals. Organic residuals include all non-hazardous (sic) byproducts created by industrial or municipal facilities during the water or wastewater treatment process. Our company: Serves more than 600 municipal and industrial water and wastewater facilities; Employs over 1,000 people; Operates in 33 states; Has revenues of over $344MM for the year ending 2009." [3]</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents  [hide] </font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 Donating Sewage Sludge Products to Community Gardens 2013</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 CBS Gives PR Boost To Synagro with "Undercover Boss"</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Chez Sludge and Synagro</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4 Synagro Processes San Francisco's Toxic Sludge (aka "Organic Biosolids Compost")</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5 Synagro's Detroit Sludge Bribery Scandal Involving Felon Monica Conyers, Wife of Congressman John Conyers</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6 Articles and Resources</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.1 Related SourceWatch Articles</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.2 Related PRWatch Articles</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.3 External Resources</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.4 External Articles</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.5 References</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donating Sewage Sludge Products to Community Gardens 2013</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2013, the USCC began a PR campaign it called the "Million Tomato Compost Campaign," which it said "connects community gardens, compost producers, chefs and food banks to grow healthy soil, healthy food, and healthy communities."[4]</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the campaign website, "USCC's STA certified compost producer members will donate STA-certified compost to participating community gardens who sign on to the Million Tomato Compost Campaign. Community gardens will use their compost to grow one million tomatoes, either for their own use or for donation to local food banks. Chefs will work with the community gardeners, schools and nonprofits to teach people about using sustainably grown local food in recipes that even kids will love!"[5]</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Of the dozens of producers in almost all 50 states that participate in the USCC's STA program, at least six are known to use industrial and residential sewage sludge in their products: A-1 Organics, EKO Systems (one of whose plants was producing 3,090 dry tons of sewage sludge product a year as of 2010), Synagro, WeCare Organics, the Inland Empire Regional Composting Authority (the Los Angeles area sewage treatment facility, sewage sludge from which is also used in products like those from Kellogg Garden Products), and Engel & Gray, Inc.'s Harvest Blend Compost.</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These products are some of the sewage sludge products known to be sold by corporations and municipalities. To dispose of sewage sludge produced by wastewater treatment plants, the industry and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have renamed them "biosolids" and dubbed them as "green" examples of recycling, beneficial reuse, and organic fertilizer and compost products. In many cases, the sewage sludge is then packaged as compost or fertilizer and sold to unsuspecting gardeners or farmers.</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sludge contaminants can include flame retardants (which California recently listed as a carcinogen, or cancer-causing agent), antibacterial agents like triclosan, phthalates (the solvent that gives vinyl plastic the nickname "Poison Plastic") and other industrial solvents, nanosilver and other nanomaterials, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical residues, resistant pathogens, and perfluorinated compounds. Some of these contaminants can "bioaccumulate" in plants grown in sludge-contaminated soil and remain as residue on vegetables in contact with the soil. These plants can then eaten by children and adults.</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CBS Gives PR Boost To Synagro with "Undercover Boss"</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Currently, PR firm Allison & Partners is helping to mold and shape the image of Synagro by arranging with CBS to feature the enormous sludge company's CEO on CBS's "Undercover Boss," in a March 27, 2011 episode to air at 9 p.m. EST. "Undercover Boss" is a so-called reality television program featuring, "senior executives as they leave the comfort of their corner offices for an undercover mission to examine the inner workings of their companies," according to PRNewswire.[6] In this photo[7], Synagro CEO Bill Massa emerges from cleaning a tank full of toxic sewage sludge. PRNewswire's caption refers to Synagro's work as the designing and execution of "efficient, integrated waste capture and conversion solutions." Also in the episode, Massa allegedly helps to de-water sludge and dredge and clean a lagoon.</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"From business operations to safety standards, Synagro is steadfastly committed to excellence, and we encourage our employees to tap into their own passions and view our company as a means to foster that growth and interest," Massa said through the Allison & Partners release. "I am honored to work alongside these men and women and offer them additional opportunities to help make a difference in their lives."</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chez Sludge and Synagro</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Synagro "composts" the toxic sludge of the City of San Francisco and 8 other counties, the product at the heart of the Chez Sludge scandal in San Francisco. The Food Rights Network released a major investigative report on July 9, 2010 titled: Chez Sludge: How the Sewage Sludge Industry Bedded Alice Waters. [8] It examines collusion between the Chez Panisse Foundation and the SFPUC based on an extensive open records investigation of the SFPUC internal files. (To view the internal documents see: SFPUC Sludge Controversy Timeline.)</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Synagro Processes San Francisco's Toxic Sludge (aka "Organic Biosolids Compost")</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2009 a major controversy erupted in San Francisco when the Center for Food Safety and the Organic Consumers Association called on the SFPUC to end its give-away of toxic sewage sludge processed by the Synagro company as free "organic biosolids compost" to gardeners. The sewage sludge "compost" is processed from the sludge of San Francisco and eight other counties.</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A March 4, 2010, demonstration at City Hall by the OCA forced a temporary halt to the program. (See articles below)[9] [10][11][12] [13] The misleading labeled "organic compost," which the PUC has given away free to gardeners since 2007, is composed of toxic sewage sludge from San Francisco and eight other counties. Very little toxicity testing has been done, but what little has been done is alarming. Just the sludge from San Francisco alone has tested positive for 1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane (a.k.a. DBCP), Isopropyltoluene (a.k.a. p-cymene or p-isopropyltoluene), Dioxins and Furans. [14]</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Independent tests of sewage sludge-derived "compost from the Synagro CVC plant in Merced, CA -- a product distributed free to Bay Area gardeners since 2007 by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission in their "organic biosolids compost" giveaway program -- have found appreciable concentrations of contaminants with endocrine-disruptive properties. These contaminants include polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, nonylphenol detergent breakdown products, and the antibacterial agent triclosan. The independent tests were conducted for the Food Rights Network by Dr. Robert C. Hale of the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences and released publicly on August 10, 2010, at a meeting of the SFPUC.</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Synagro's Detroit Sludge Bribery Scandal Involving Felon Monica Conyers, Wife of Congressman John Conyers</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Monica Conyers, the Detroit politician who is the wife of powerful liberal Congressman John Conyers, is a convicted felon, going to prison. "She pleaded guilty in 2009 to taking bribes to vote for Synagro Technologies in a $1.2-billion sludge disposal deal. "[15] However, Synagro or its owner the Carlyle Group has not been charged. [16]</font></div>

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<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and Resources</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch Articles</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carlyle Group</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">biosolids</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food Rights Network</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sewage sludge</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">San Francisco Public Utilities Commission</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Toxic Sludge Products</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sludge contaminants</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scientific Studies of Sewage Sludge</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Water Environment Federation</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">US Composting Council</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Seal of Testing Assurance</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related PRWatch Articles</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rebekah Wilce, Trade Group Offers Free Sewage Sludge "Compost" to Community Gardens in "Million Tomato Campaign" for Food Banks, PRWatch.org, May 9, 2013.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External Resources</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">NYC Sludge</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External Articles</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Diane Bukowski, Carlyle and Synagro escape charges; Powerful global firm, subsidy engineered city pay-offs, Michigan Citizen, July 29, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David Ashenfelter, Monica Conyers loses bid to delay doing prison time, Detroit Free Press, August 17, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Synagro Website Visited June 16, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Carlyle Website visited June 16, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Synagro website accessed July 1, 2010</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Leanne Spaulding, U.S. Composting Council, RE: Happy ICAW 2013!, organizational email to members, May 7, 2013.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? U.S. Composting Council, Buy-Compost.com, Million Tomato Compost Campaign website, accessed May 2013.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Synagro Featured on CBS's "Boss Undercover", International Entertainment News, accessed March 2011.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Photo: Synagro CEO Bill Massa covered in sewage sludge, PR Newswire, accessed March 2011.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? John Stauber, Chez Sludge: How the Sewage Sludge Industry Bedded Alice Waters, PRWatch.org, July 9, 2010</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Heather Knight, Nonprofit calls PUC's compost toxic sludge, San Francisco Chronicle, September 27, 2009.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Barry Estabrook, Free Compost--Or Toxic Sludge?, The Atlantic, December 1, 2009</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Anna Werner, Concern Over SF Compost Made from Sewage Sludge, CBS Channel 5, March 3, 2010</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Leora Broydo Vestel, http://greeninc.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/04/09/food-groups-clash-over-compost-sludge/ Food Groups Clash Over Compost Sludge, New York Times Green Inc. blog, April 9 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Chris Roberts, Farmers Call PUC's Shit, Will Dump it on City Hall Today, San Francisco Appeal, March 4, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Jill Richardson, What San Francisco Found in Their Own Sludge, La Vida Locavore blog, April 8, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? [David Ashenfelter, Monica Conyers loses bid to delay doing prison time, Detroit Free Press, August 17, 2010</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jump up ? Diane Bukowski, Carlyle and Synagro escape charges; Powerful global firm, subsidy engineered city pay-offs, Michigan Citizen, July 29, 2010.</font></div>

<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Categories: Toxic SludgeFood Rights NetworkSewage sludge productsSludge Proponents</font></div>

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