hudson bak

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">519</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">primary, quite a few tags 3/20
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</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hudson519</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON INST&nbsp; mostly for policy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;OMG origins Dr Strangelove:&nbsp; uber https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-4539</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">kind of faded, but still alex avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.rightweb.irc-online.org/profile/Hudson_Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">320</font></div><div><a href="https://www.drillednews.com/post/fake-science-is-a-real-danger"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.drillednews.com/post/fake-science-is-a-real-danger</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p class="XzvDs 208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Back in the mid-aughts, I was an editor at Environmental Science & Technology</b>. It's the top peer-reviewed journal for researchers who study complex environmental problems and their impacts, including air, water, and toxic chemical pollution. I worked in the news section, making these studies understandable to average readers, as well as scientists and physicians who were unfamiliar with environmental research. </font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But over time, I noticed that much of the “new research” we published wasn’t terribly unique. If ES&T put out a study finding that a particular chemical seemed to be toxic to children, or <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/12/20/science/a-dogs-best-friend-in-stormy-weather.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">The New York Times covered</u></a> one of our “blockbuster” air pollution studies, I could search for 10 minutes and find multiple papers with similar findings. What was the point of spending all this time and money to study the environment and public health if nothing was being done to address the problems?</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During this period, I started hearing complaints from some environmental scientists, that the industries whose products and technologies they studied were funding research to undermine findings that those products harmed public health. At first I thought this couldn’t be true. I had studied biology in college and believed that science was an objective process to reveal the world’s mysteries. </font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Then I met Fred Vom Saal.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Around 2004, I’d been chosen to attend an exclusive science conference on toxic chemicals, along with Vom Saal, a University of Missouri professor of reproductive biology. Vom Saal studied a <b>chemical in plastics called bisphenol-A, or BPA.</b> In humans and other animals BPA mimics estrogen, meaning it can disrupt our body’s hormonal system. According to Vom Saal, industry-funded scientists were attacking his research by repeating his studies, but with slight changes in the protocols so that the problems he’d discovered with BPA wouldn’t turn up. With these studies in hand, companies then claimed that Vom Saal’s research was shoddy.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I listened to Vom Saal rant for about 30 minutes one summer afternoon during a break in the conference, then exited politely. Science, like every profession, attracts its share of crazies. It was easier for me to accept that Vom Saal was a tad delusional than to believe that industry scientists manipulated research.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But then I started hearing about Tyrone Haye</b>s, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley. Hayes was studying atrazine, a <a href="https://news.berkeley.edu/2010/03/01/frogs/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">widely-applied herbicide</u></a> that controls weeds and increases crop yields in corn and sorghum. Scientists were discovering that this chemical was the most common pesticide contaminant of ground and surface waters, and finding it in some drinking water wells, too. Hayes’ research showed that atrazine interfered with testosterone, chemically castrating some animals and turning males into females.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The next question should have been: What was atrazine doing to humans?</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But like Vom Saal, Hayes contended that corporate scientists were publishing studies that nearly mirrored his own, with slight changes in protocol to get results that found no problems with atrazine. According to Hayes, these studies <a href="https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/54/12/1138/330110" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">were part of an orchestrated campaign</u></a> to make him appear incompetent. But Hayes struck me as an odd fellow and a bit eccentric. As with Vom Saal, I had my doubts about him.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Then along came climate scientist Michael Mann.</b></font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In the summer of 2005, Congressman Joe Barton, R-Texas, began investigating Mann, along with several other climate scientists, for allegedly making “methodological flaws and data errors.” <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Barton demanded information</u></a> on their financial backing from government agencies and access to their data and computer codes. He questioned their relationships to organizations studying climate change. It seemed like a juicy story that was right in line with ES&T's science news coverage, so I contacted sources to learn more and begin writing stories.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Because ES&T didn’t cover climate change, I knew little to nothing about climate science. What I did know came from reading the mainstream news, which put across climate science as controversial, and climate researchers' many troubling claims about global warming as overblown. But I also knew that these outlets were probably getting the story wrong, because of an interaction I’d had the year before with some fellow reporters at the annual conference of the Society of Environmental Journalists. </font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One day at the conference, while six or seven of us were standing in a circle during a break, the conversation shifted to climate change. Because I didn’t know much about the subject, I kept asking the others questions, trying to understand whether the research was any good. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A woman who covered the environment for a newspaper out west began laughing, saying that there were about a dozen scientists who said that climate science was nonsense. She kept contact information around for all 12 of them, she told us, because<b> her editors required her to put one of these doubters in every story to provide journalistic “balance." </b></span></font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Several reporters in the circle giggled. This was my first hint that what I was reading in the media on climate science might be overemphasizing contrarian opinions. </b>Because what everyone in that circle already knew, and I was learning, was that by 2004 thousands of climate experts around the world had published research showing global warming was real, and mostly caused by carbon dioxide pollution from burning oil, coal, and gas.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">My article about Barton’s investigation of Michael Mann quoted several experts who told me the affair was a “witch hunt.” But a question kept nagging at me: Why had Barton started this investigation in the first place? It didn’t make any sense. So I began looking at the entire sequence of events that led up to it.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In his letter demanding information and records, <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Barton had referenced a front-page article</u></a> in The Wall Street Journal that discussed research published by Stephen McIntyre</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, a retired mining consultant. In several of these papers, </span><a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">McIntyre had poked holes in Mann’s</u></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> research. At this point in time, some journalists and activists were beginning to expose many of the scientists questioning climate science as industry lackeys. But McIntyre was retired, creating the appearance of independence from any extraction industry and greater credibility.</span></font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On a lark, I called up McIntyre’s former employer. Surprise! I caught him still working for industry.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Then I looked into the<b> journal Energy & Environment</b>, where McIntyre had published some studies. It turned out to be <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">a sad publication</u></a> without any substantive peer review process, and operated by an editor without any science credentials — but who assured me that while she didn’t have any training in science, <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/skeptics.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">her husband had</u></a> a doctorate in physics.</span></font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In short, Barton had launched an investigation based on a Wall Street Journal article with some pretty flimsy reporting. Commenting on this article, former Journal editor <a href="http://www.realclimate.org/docs/thacker/wsj.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Frank Allen told me</u></a>, “It was a strange story ’cause it had this bizarre undertone of being investigative but it didn’t investigate. And this piece — what I thought was bothersome about it — it purported to be authoritative, and it’s just full of holes.”</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fred Vom Saal, Tyrone Hayes, and Michael Mann: Three different academics, working in different fields, who didn’t know each other, but who each had a story about industry campaigns to undermine their research. Was I a magnet for paranoid fringe voices in science, or were they telling the truth?</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></b></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Then I began noticing a link between climate change and smoking.</b> Whenever a group or public expert said that climate change isn’t real, it turned out that about 10 years prior, in the mid-’90s, they were likely to have said that smoking isn’t harmful. I found this out by going through a new archive that the University of California, San Francisco had put online, called <a href="https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">the Tobacco Archives</u></a>.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Digging through these documents, I found that many prominent scientists had worked for the tobacco industry, and that cigarette companies had funded science organizations and nonprofits to cast doubt on the science that showed nicotine was addictive, and smoking a health hazard. It was all very confusing. So I began contacting other reporters and scientists, asking if they knew about this and what they thought it meant.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>One winter afternoon, I got a call from a reporter named Mark Hertsgaard,</b> asking what I knew about the links between tobacco defenders and climate denial. By this time, I had spent dozens of weekend and late night hours going through the Tobacco Archive. So I pointed <a href="https://www.industrydocuments.ucsf.edu/tobacco/results/#q=%22frederick%20seitz%22&h=%7B%22hideDuplicates%22%3Atrue%2C%22hideFolders%22%3Atrue%7D&subsite=tobacco&cache=true&count=694" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">him to documents showing</u></a> that a scientist named Frederick Seitz had worked with R.J. Reynolds to downplay the dangers of tobacco. Seitz wasn’t some nobody: He had been president of Rockefeller University and <a href="http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/history/highlights/frederick-seitz.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">president of the National Academies of Sciences</u></a>. When Mark and I spoke, Seitz was still revered as one of the most prominent scientists in America. </font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hertsgaard wrote about Seitz’s work for tobacco and other companies for a <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2006/05/warming200605?verso=true" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">2006 Vanity Fair cover story</u></a>, confirming that some industries were corrupting the field of science.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I also began to see how corporations influenced the media.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> While reading the Tobacco Archive one night, I discovered that tobacco companies were paying a Fox News science columnist named Steven J. Milloy, who regularly attacked scientists and journalists reporting on chemical and tobacco harms. In my article about Milloy </span><a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/104858/smoked-out" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="background: 0px 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">for The New Republic</u></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, I noted that Eamon Javers of BusinessWeek had caught</span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Scripps Howard columnist Michael Fumento receiving about $60,000 in 1999 from Monsanto, a multi-billion-dollar player in the agricultural biotech sector that Fumento covered. The funding, which Fumento had not disclosed to Scripps Howard, had been routed through a conservative think tank called the</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> Hudson Institute.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></b></font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The growing evidence eventually forced me to change my precious thinking that science is always an objective search for the truth. In fact, corporate money is often skewing that journey, and if we look hard enough, we can find disinformation campaigns designed to protect all sorts of harmful products. </font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the years since I figured this out, the public television series <a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/interviews/vomsaal.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Frontline has documented</u></a> the disinformation operation that companies ran against Fred Vom Saal. The New Yorker magazine has <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/10/a-valuable-reputation" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">profiled Tyrone Hayes and</u></a> the corporate campaign to smear him. Michael Mann has detailed the fossil energy industry’s harassment of himself and other climate scientists in a best-selling book, <a href="https://michaelmann.net/books/hockey-stick" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">The Hockey Stick and the Climate Wars</u></a>,</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Industries create these campaigns because they are effective at confusing the public and the press about science, which helps to slow or stop policy changes that would require stronger anti-pollution laws, or taking products off the market. Today disinformation has become its own industry, one that distorts not only climate science, but most areas of research where studies might influence how the government regulates corporations.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie tFDi5 blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _6RI6N tFDi5" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit; direction: ltr; white-space: pre-wrap;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> </span><a href="https://newrepublic.com/article/104858/smoked-out" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">Scripps Howard later fired</u></span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> Fumento, who </span><a href="https://www.salon.com/2012/05/24/my_break_with_the_extreme_right/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">publicly denounced extreme right disinformation campaigns</u></span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> in 2012. He recently wrote </span><a href="https://www.realclearmarkets.com/articles/2019/03/12/ignore_the_ominous_headlines_about_glyphosate_in_food_103659.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">a supportive opinion piece for Monsanto's glyphosate</u></span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> pesticide. Milloy remains a mouthpiece for industry, and was a member of Donald Trump's </span><a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060050546/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="_2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _3Sq3W" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">transition team for the Environmental Protection Agency</u></span></a><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: 0px 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">.</span></font></p></div><div><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></p></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">xian wacko http://watch.pair.com/Hudson.html&nbsp; crossovers&nbsp; (http://watch.pair.com/)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;see bottom</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bORK,&nbsp; Perle R,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PHaRMA AND BIG AG CO'S (http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Trashing_organic_foods&nbsp; ?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.cgfi.org/2010/06/pay-attention-to-sunspot-forecasts-by-dennis-t-avery/ bogus ctr for global food issues&nbsp; http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Global_Food_Issues</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;---</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">nyt</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BUSINESS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">|</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steve Bannon and a Fugitive Billionaire Target a Common Enemy: China</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steve Bannon and a Fugitive Billionaire Target a Common Enemy: China</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen K. Bannon, the former strategist to President Trump, and Guo Wengui, who is wanted in China, have teamed up.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Just months after being pushed out of the White House, Stephen K. Bannon, President Trump’s former chief strategist, met with a fugitive Chinese billionaire at a suite in the luxurious Hays-Adams Hotel in Washington.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The billionaire, Guo Wengui, who is also known as Miles Kwok, was living in New York City and had landed on China’s most-wanted list, accused of bribery, fraud and money laundering. He was also a dissident and fierce critic of Beijing, seeking political asylum in the United States. And Mr. Bannon — increasingly obsessed with the emerging China threat — was eager to talk about the Communist Party, corruption and American naval operations in the South China Sea.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Since their first discussion in October 2017, they have met dozens of times — in Dallas, on Mr. Guo’s yacht and, more often, at the billionaire’s $67.5 million apartment in the Sherry-Netherland Hotel, overlooking New York’s Central Park. The two shared a stage two weeks ago in Manhattan, at a news conference they organized to announce plans to set up a $100 million fund to investigate corruption and aid people they deem victims of Chinese government persecution.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We both naturally despise the Chinese Communist Party,” Mr. Guo said in an interview last week, referring to Mr. Bannon. “That’s why we’ve become partners.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It’s an unusual partnership between two political gadflies with a common, if overly grand, objective: bringing about the demise of the Chinese Communist Party.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One is an exiled businessman who claims to have evidence of corruption at the highest levels of government in China. The other is a former Goldman Sachs banker who delights in lobbing political grenades at what he calls the “party of Davos,” a band of global elites that he says has undermined America’s interests at home and abroad.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As tensions between the United States and China grow, the two men are hoping to stoke them even further, by effectively calling for the overthrow of Beijing’s leadership. Mr. Guo is dipping into his fortune, while Mr. Bannon has agreed to provide a strategy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Bannon is, in effect, reprising the role of political provocateur he played before joining the Trump campaign in the summer of 2016. Back then, he was running the conservative news site Breitbart, and helping promote conspiracy theories through the publication of books like “Clinton Cash,” which aimed to destroy Hillary Clinton’s White House bid.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In an interview in his hotel room two weeks ago, Mr. Bannon, 65, said the new China-related fund he will head, without pay, will gather evidence, share it with authorities — in the United States and elsewhere — and publish it in the media. The fund also targets Wall Street banks and law firms, which he says are complicit in China’s misdeeds.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The project, he says, is consistent with his populist and nationalist agenda. China’s reckless behavior, he contended, is endangering the global economy, and sapping America’s strength.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“As a populist, this is outrageous,” Mr. Bannon said, noting that American financial institutions have helped back the worrisome global buying sprees of Chinese companies, with cash raised from ordinary people, including government pension funds. “The elites in this country have to be held accountable. We have to get the facts on the table.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Guo, 50, insists that the fund offers a way to strike back at Beijing. China has pressed the Trump administration to extradite him so that he can face a raft of charges in China — allegations he strongly denies. Billions of dollars in assets he controlled have been frozen by Beijing. And Interpol, the global police organization, has issued a warrant seeking his arrest. He now travels with a phalanx of security guards, saying he fears for his life.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Chinese Embassy could not be reached for comment. But the Guo-Bannon alliance has alarmed some analysts, who view the two men as purveyors of conspiracy theories fueling anti-China sentiment.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The problem with these types of reckless, loose-cannon accusations is that they undermine the ability of responsible analysts and policymakers to identify the genuine cases of Chinese wrongdoing and fashion realistic and effective policy responses,” said Michael D. Swaine, a senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For Mr. Bannon, the new effort plays to a longstanding and complicated interest in China. As a young naval officer in the 1970s, he patrolled the South China Sea. He also lived for a time in Shanghai, where he ran a small online gaming company. In recent years, he has come to view China as a military threat to the United States, and a fierce economic rival that refuses to play by the rules.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In helping elect Donald J. Trump, Mr. Bannon counseled him to take a tough line on China and step up trade pressure on Beijing. Mr. Trump obliged by tapping the Harvard-trained economist Peter Navarro, a longtime China critic known for his book “Death by China,” and Michael Pillsbury, a China hawk at the Hudson Institute, as top trade advisers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The effort has bristled some of Beijing’s friends like President Milos Zeman of the Czech Republic, right, who met with President Xi Jinping of China in Prague in 2016.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It was during his time at the White House, Mr. Bannon says, that he first heard about Mr. Guo. The Chinese billionaire was living in New York, broadcasting allegations of high-level government corruption in China on Twitter and YouTube — some credible, some outlandish and still unproved. By then, he had also applied for political asylum.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alarmed by his social media campaign and his public denunciations of the Communist Party, Beijing began pressing the Trump administration to extradite Mr. Guo. Chinese investigators said he has ties to Ma Jian, a former spy chief now imprisoned in China on charges of bribery and abuse of power.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Inside the White House, there were disagreements over how to deal with Mr. Guo. Several Western businessmen, apparently eager to cozy up to Beijing, lobbied President Trump to accede to China’s demands, according to people familiar with the talks.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Bannon said he sided with those in the administration who opposed any handover, viewing Mr. Guo as a potentially valuable “intelligence asset.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">They met only after Mr. Bannon was forced out of the White House. Mr. Bannon says he received a call from Bill Gertz, a Washington journalist who has long been critical of China. Mr. Gertz told him that Mr. Guo was scheduled to give a talk in Washington at the Hudson Institute, a conservative think tank. The talk was canceled at the last minute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Over lunch, Mr. Guo and Mr. Bannon discussed China’s military capabilities, as well as the financial implications of Beijing’s rule, including what impact the country’s mounting corporate debt might have on its economy. A friendship emerged.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It was fantastic. He really impressed me,” Mr. Bannon said of his first meeting with Mr. Guo. “We talked about President Trump’s approach to China, and he went into corruption in the Chinese Communist Party.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Bannon later introduced Mr. Guo to people in the hedge fund community, including J. Kyle Bass, who has soured on China and sought to profit by short-selling the Chinese currency.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As Mr. Bannon sharpened his critique of China’s rise, he also began meeting privately with some of America’s leading experts on China, to seek their counsel and outline his agenda. Few welcomed his strident remarks, according to people who attended some of the sessions. But more recently, analysts say, his positions have gotten a warmer reception.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The tectonic plates are shifting,” says Orville H. Schell, the director of the Center on U.S.-China Relations at the Asia Society. “Many analysts would have totally rejected him two years ago. But people are more sympathetic now that engagement with China has been defrocked.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Schell adds, “On the China question, he’s no longer the skunk at the party.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Mr. Bannon is getting blowback from some of Beijing’s friends. On a trip abroad this year to drum up support for nationalist and populist leaders in Eastern and Central Europe, Mr. Bannon says, he was scolded for his positions on China by Milos Zeman, president of the Czech Republic and one of Beijing’s closest allies in the region.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“He threw down on me hard,” Mr. Bannon says. “He said: ‘Tell Trump you didn’t learn from Hitler. You can’t fight on two fronts. You can’t take on radical Islam and China. You will end up in the bunker, like Hitler.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A spokesman for President Zeman said that he had challenged Mr. Bannon on American tariffs against China, and that the two men had parted ways in a very “cold atmosphere.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Bannon is unbowed. He has agreed to serve as chairman of the so-called Rule of Law Fund, the $100 million effort that Mr. Guo is financing. The fund plans to publicize its findings and offer financial support to businessmen, government officials and others who run afoul of the Chinese authorities — including those who flee overseas, like Mr. Guo himself.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Bannon has also joined Mr. Guo in targeting the HNA Group, the huge Chinese conglomerate that borrowed heavily and spent billions around the world, before debt and regulatory pressures forced the company to curb its global ambitions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Until Twitter suspended his account late last year, Mr. Guo was waging an online war against HNA and its top executives. He claimed, without proof, that the company was engaged in bribing top officials and their relatives, and has even spun conspiracy theories about the death of the company’s co-chairman Wang Jian in an accident in France last summer. HNA declined to comment.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At their joint news conference last week, Mr. Bannon took the stage at the Pierre Hotel on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan to say, “Literally hundreds, if not thousands, of the best and brightest” in China have disappeared, been imprisoned or committed suicide under unusual circumstances and without due process.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Today is about recklessness and accountability,” he added, noting that American financial institutions have close ties to political elites in Beijing. “Who profited off this? Who looked the other way?”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A version of this article appears in print on Dec. 4, 2018, on Page B1 of the New York edition with the headline: Bannon and Exiled Critic Find Mutual Foe in China. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related Coverage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Billionaire Gadfly in Exile Who Stared Down Beijing</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">May 30, 2017</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Image</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Billionaire Who Accused Top Chinese Officials of Corruption Asks U.S. for Asylum</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sept. 7, 2017</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Image</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Mystery of the Exiled Billionaire Whistle-Blower</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jan. 10, 2018</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.alternet.org/how-blow-700-billion-and-lose-wars-guide-americas-exploding-defense-budget-and-military-failure</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...[personal narr]&nbsp; On the wall of the mess hall across the table from us was a 40-inch flat-screen TV.&nbsp; Usually the TVs in the Army’s mess hall were turned to one of the sports networks like ESPN Classic. For some reason that morning, the one we were watching was showing C-Span broadcasting from the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, where a roomful of suit-and-tie wearing D.C. swells had gathered to hear a talk by Douglas Feith, the deputy secretary of defense for policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Feith was one of the triumvirate of defense intellectuals who had already become known as the “architects of the Iraq war.” The other two were Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The U.S. invaded Iraq in March and took Baghdad in three weeks. Eight months later, the “architects” of the war were riding high. At the same moment we were sitting there in Tal Afar having breakfast, Feith was standing in front of this roomful of lobbyists, congressional staffers and defense industry hacks holding forth on the subject of “Transforming the U.S. Global Defense Posture.” Feith was rambling on, spewing macho military strategy-speak about “updating the types, locations, numbers and capabilities of our military forces and the nature of our alliances.” We had to get away from our “Cold War posture,” Feith was saying, when “U.S. forces deployed forward were defensive, tripwire units that were expected to fight near where they were based. The kind of forces used for that mission are not the agile, fast, lean forces we need for the future.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The sergeant sitting next to me was covered in dried mud and dust. He had gone six weeks in Sinjar without a bath or hot food. Breakfast that morning was his first taste of civilization, and there was Feith on the TV telling him: “We no longer expect our forces to fight in place; rather, their purpose is to project power into theaters that may be distant from where they are based.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“What the fuck are you talking about?” the sergeant yelled at the man on the screen. Shaking his head in amazement, he asked me, “Sir, you got any idea who that asshole is?”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I told him he was Douglas Feith, one of the “architects” of the war who had sent him and the other soldiers over there to Iraq.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Stupid motherfucker doesn’t know what the fuck he doesn’t know,” the sergeant said between bites.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Realigning the U.S. posture will also help strengthen our alliances by tailoring the physical U.S. ‘footprint’ to suit local conditions. The goal is to reduce friction with host nations,” Feith intoned.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Reduce friction my ass,” said one of the other soldiers at the table. “We been out there killing the motherfuckers!” He picked up a piece of toast covered with butter and jelly and threw it at the screen. “Shut the fuck up, you douchebag!” yelled another soldier. Soon the whole table was throwing eggs and toast and open containers of yogurt at the screen.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Feith was still talking: “We intend to increase combined training for expeditionary operations, for example, to encourage Allied participation in so-called ‘high-end’ U.S. exercises. For this deployability concept to work, U.S. forces must be able to move smoothly into, through, and out of host nations.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We been here for 10 fuckin’ months, you idiot,” one of the soldiers yelled.&nbsp; “Tell me about into and out of this fuckin’ host nation! They’ll be sending our sorry asses back! You can count on it.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By now, the television screen was covered in bits of egg and buttered toast and jelly. Feith finally reached his grand finish: “Whatever improvements in military effectiveness the actual posture decisions produce, they will serve our interests fully only if they also help sustain and strengthen our ties with our friends, allies and partners around the world. We are confident that they will.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sinjar, the town where the soldiers had been fighting for six weeks, would fall to ISIS control 10 years later. More than 5,000 Yazidi civilians were killed in the ISIS attack and hundreds of Yazidi women were taken as slaves. Tal Afar would be in and out of U.S. control over the next 10 years, until it too was taken by ISIS fighters. Same with Rabihya. Tens of thousands of Iraqi civilians would lose their lives. Hundreds of U.S. soldiers would be killed. So much for “posture decisions” and “military effectiveness.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But that didn’t stop think tanks in Washington like the Center for Strategic and International Studies, the Heritage Foundation, the Hudson Institute and the American Enterprise Institute from lobbying for higher and higher defense budgets. (Douglas Feith is now “director for national security strategies” for the Hudson Institute.) This year, President Trump signed the largest defense budget in our history: $700 billion. The budget includes $13.7 billion for 90 F-35 Joint Strike Fighters, which according to CNN are “in service and mission capable only 26 percent of the time.” Not a single F-35 jet has yet to see combat duty.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The budget will provide $4.5 billion for the construction of a new Ford class aircraft carrier, $450 million for three Littoral Combat Ships, $4 billion for two new guided missile destroyers, $5.5 billion for two new Virginia Class submarines, and tens of billions more for upgrades and repairs on various aircraft and naval vessels. Two of the guided missile destroyers already in service were involved in deadly collisions with cargo ships in the western Pacific last year. A Navy investigation revealed that for all of the hundreds of billions spent on defense, there was apparently not enough in the budget to provide for adequate training in standing watch and driving Navy combat ships.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All of billions spent on defense, and still the United States Army couldn’t interdict smuggling along the Iraq-Syria border. They couldn’t hold onto Sinjar, Tal Afar, Mosul or Rabihya.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You want to know what those soldiers in the 101st Airborne Division were using for weapons when I was there? The M-16 rifle. The 7.62 mm machine gun. The 81 mm mortar. The 105 mm Howitzer. All weapons the U.S. Army had fought with in Vietnam, 35 years earlier. You want to know what they’re still fighting with overseas? Those same old weapons.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You want to know what wasn’t being used over there near the Iraq-Syria border? Any of the fancy Navy ships or F-22 or F-35 fighters.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We’ve still got exhausted, dusty, hungry sergeants and corporals and privates over there in Iraq. If they’ve got C-Span on the TVs in the mess halls, they’re still listening to defense intellectuals like Douglas Feith giving speeches at those think tanks in Washington, which are still holding symposiums. They’re still talking about our “strategic footprint,” and “pursuing peace through strength” and “offshore balancing” and how “the strength of the unilateral pre-eminence vision is that it appears to provide an opportunity to reassert U.S. leadership and stave off risks for U.S. security in a rebalancing world.” This from Gordon Adams, a “distinguished fellow” at the Stimson Center in Washington, who wrote something called “U.S. Global Engagement and the Military” for the Foreign Policy Association.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Not billions, not tens of billions, not hundreds of billions. Trillions of dollars spent.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fifteen years in Iraq. Seventeen years in Afghanistan. There is no end in sight.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8/15 alternet</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A counterjihad echo chamber</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The family of Gatestone’s founder and president, Nina Rosenwald has long pumped millions of dollars into this anti-Muslim network, through various trusts and foundations including the Abstraction Fund, discussed shortly. For this reason, Rosenwald herself has been dubbed, by journalist Max Blumenthal, ‘the sugar mama of anti-Muslim hate’.&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Blumenthal notes that Gatestone emerged in 2011 as an offshoot of the right wing Hudson Institute. Since then it has become a hub for anti-Muslim ideologues of all hues; neoconservative, ultra-Zionist and so-called ‘counterjihad’. It has acted as a clearing-house, for example, for claims about Muslim ‘no-go zones’ (the likes of which ‘terrorism expert’ Steven Emerson was widely ridiculed for, including by UK Prime Minister David Cameron). Its articles carry fear-mongering titles such as: ‘‘Spain: Soon the Muslims will be kings of the world’, ‘Britain’s Islamic future’, ’The Islamization of France’, ‘The Islamization of Germany’ and ‘The Islamization of Belgium and the Netherlands’.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">--</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bks: SAVING THE PLANET WITH PESTICIDES & PLASTIC,&nbsp; “UNSTOPPABLE GLOBAL WARMING.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">THE TRUTH ABOUT ORGANIC FOODS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">wiki :</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Institute has taken positions critical of environmentalism.[5]&nbsp; Dennis Avery, as Director of the Hudson's Center for Global Food Issues, has written in opposition to those who favor the adoption of organic agricultural methods.[6]&nbsp; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudson_Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute is a non-profit think tank headquartered in Washington D.C.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While describing itself as "non-partisan" and preferring to portray itself as independently "contrarian" rather than as a conservative think tank, the Hudson Institute gains financial support from many of the foundations and corporations that have bankrolled the conservative movement. The Capital Research Center, a conservative group that seeks to rank non-profits and documents their funding, allocates Hudson as a 7 on its ideological spectrum with 8 being "Free Market Right" and 1 "Radical Left." [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson has traditionally had a strong focus on U.S. domestic policies such as national defense, education, crime, immigration, welfare, pesticides and biotechnology. However, in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks it has substantially boosted its focus on international issues such as the Middle East, Latin America and Islam.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SrchW&nbsp; &nbsp;* Castle Rock Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Earhart Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* F.M. Kirby Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* John M. Olin Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* JM Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Koch Family Foundations (David H. Koch Foundation)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Scaife Foundations (Scaife Family, Sarah Mellon Scaife, Carthage)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Shelby Cullom Davis Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Smith Richardson Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* Walton Family Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp;* William H. Donner Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute is a non-profit think tank headquartered in Washington D.C. Its 2008 IRS form 990 listed $11.8 million in advocacy expenditures. [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While describing itself as "non-partisan" and preferring to portray itself as independently "contrarian" rather than as a conservative think tank, the Hudson Institute gains financial support from many of the foundations and corporations that have bankrolled the conservative movement. The Capital Research Center, a conservative group that seeks to rank non-profits and documents their funding, allocates Hudson as a 7 on its ideological spectrum with 8 being "Free Market Right" and 1 "Radical Left." [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson has traditionally had a strong focus on U.S. domestic policies such as national defense, education, crime, immigration, welfare, pesticides and biotechnology. However, in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks it has substantially boosted its focus on international issues such as the Middle East, Latin America and Islam.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 History</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 Programs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4 Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.1 Executive Management</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.2 Other Members of the Executive Commitee</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.3 Board of Trustees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.4 Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.5 Selected other staff and Fellows</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.6 Former personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5 Contact details</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6 Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.1 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.2 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.3 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Institute was founded in 1961 by the late Herman Kahn and his colleagues Max Singer and Oscar Ruebhausen from the RAND Corporation. Initially its policy focus, while right-wing, was dictated by Kahn's own interests (such as domestic and military uses of nuclear power, the future of the US workplace, and the science of "futurology"). Following his death in 1983, the Institute expanded its staff and took on a more overtly conservative stance.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson states in its 2002 annual report that its guiding principles continue "Kahn's optimism about the future, his commitment to free markets and individual responsibility, his belief in the connection between the advance of technology and economic progress, a respect for the importance of religion and culture in human affairs, and his understanding that the prosperity and security of the United States are vital to the prosperity and security of the world." [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson insists that its policy positions are not influenced by either its funding sources or ideology. "Whether in domestic policy, national security, or international events, the institute guards its intellectual integrity. Neither dollars nor ideology will sway our opinions. At Hudson Institute, we always strive for the betterment of our world," Walter P. Stern and Herb London wrote in an introductory message in the think tanks 2002 annual report. [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ssed January 20, 2012&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Programs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Institute now operates a number of programs - each of which are dubbed as a "center" or "project" - including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bradley Center for Philanthropy and Civic Renewal - William A. Schambra, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for American Common Culture- John Fonte, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Employment Policy - Diana Furchtgott-Roth, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Future Security Strategies - S. Enders Wimbush, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Global Food Issues - Dennis Avery, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Islam, Democracy and the Future of the Muslim World - Hillel Fradkin, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Latin American Studies - Jaime Daremblum, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Middle East Policy - Meyrav Wurmser, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Economic Policy Studies (formerly the Regulatory Studies Center) Irwin Stelzer, Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Islam and Democracy Project - Husain Haqqani, Co-Chair;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Project on Campaign and Election Laws - Amy Kaufman</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Religious Freedom - Paul Marshall</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute also works on medicines issues, arguing for positions very close to those of the large patent-holding drug companies. In particular, one of its Senior Fellows, Carol Adelman, has authored a number of articles attacking the World Health Organization, and NGOs, for approving the use of generic versions of antiretroviral AIDS drugs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Between 1987 and 2006, the Institute received 273 grants totaling $17,722,643 (unadjusted for inflation) from a range of foundations including:[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Castle Rock Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Earhart Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F.M. Kirby Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John M. Olin Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JM Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Koch Family Foundations (David H. Koch Foundation)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scaife Foundations (Scaife Family, Sarah Mellon Scaife, Carthage)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shelby Cullom Davis Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Smith Richardson Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Walton Family Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William H. Donner Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While many conservative think tanks eschew government funding, Hudson happily takes government contracts. The Capital Research Center (CRC) database lists Hudson as having received six grants between 1996 and 2002 totalling $731,914 (unadjusted for inflation). Five of the six grants were from the Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs. (Neither the CRC database or Hudson's annual report for those years provide details on what the grants were specifically for). [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2002 Hudson received a grant of $173,484 from the Department of Commerce. (Rather bizarrely, CRC assigns the Department of Commerce an "ideological ranking" of 1 - "Radical Left").</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute's IRS Form 990 for the financial year ending on September 30, 2003 showed total revenue of $9.34 million, including over $146,000 in government grants. Other known funders listed in the institute's 2002 annual report include:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ag Processing Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Crop Protection Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Cyanamid</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Archer Daniels Midland</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cargill</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ciba-Geigy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ConAgra Foods</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conrad Black</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CropLife International</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DowElanco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DuPont</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eli Lilly and Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon Mobil</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fannie Mae</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Electric Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Heinz</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IBM</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lilly Endowment</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McDonald's</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Merck</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Microsoft</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Monsanto</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Agricultural Chemical Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nichols-Dezenhall Communications Management Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Novartis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PayPal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PhRMA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PriceWaterhouseCoopers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Procter & Gamble</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sunkist Growers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Syngenta Crop Protection</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United Agri Products</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Westfield Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After it was revealed that Michael Fumento received funding from Monsanto for his 1999 book Bio-Evolution, company spokesman Chris Horner confirmed that it continues to fund the think tank. "It's our practice, that if we're dealing with an organization like this, that any funds we're giving should be unrestricted," Horner told Businessweek. Hudson's CEO Kenneth R. Weinstein told Businessweek that he was uncertain if the payment should have been disclosed. "That's a good question, period," he said. [6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Between 2001 and 2010, the Institute received $7 million from the Bradley Foundation[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2006, Scooter Libby, former Chief of Staff to Vice President Dick Cheney, joined Hudson Institute as a senior advisor. Libby, who was convicted as part of the federal investigation into the Valerie PlameGate affair, became a vice president of the Institute. According to the Hudson Institute's 2008 IRS Form 990, Libby was paid an annual salary of $187,000, plus $10,755 in benefits.[3] [4] Later, in 2009, the Institute advocated for a presidential pardon for Scooter Libby.[5] As at October 2005 key Hudson Institute personnel, with pay data from the 2000-2003 IRS return, include:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Executive Management</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Herb London, President ($195,000)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth R. Weinstein, Chief Executive Officer ($131,005)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Deborah L. Hoopes,Vice President & Chief Financial Officer ($68,961)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John P. Walters, Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I. Lewis Libby ("Scooter" Libby), Senior Vice President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other Members of the Executive Commitee</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Linden S. Blue</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph M. Giglio</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marie-Josee Kravis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert H. McKinney</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wallace O. Sellers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Walter P. Stern</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allan R. Tessler</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Board of Trustees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute also has 32 trustees including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conrad Black</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roy Innis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard Perle</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute also has "Trustee Emeriti" including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Craig Fuller, who led the PR firm Hill & Knowlton's Gulf War front group, Citizens for a Free Kuwait</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth M. Duberstein, who runs a top DC lobby firm with a host of corporate clients</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alexander M. Haig</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the Institute's 2002-2003 IRS return, the five highest paid employees, other than officers, and their total financial compensation, were:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Norman Podhoretz, senior fellow, $163,626</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Horowitz, senior fellow, $189,007, directs Hudson's Project for Civil Justice Reform (which promotes tort reform) and Project for International Religious Liberty</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Graham Toft $117,350</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Schambra $141,531</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Constantine Menges $117,333</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Selected other staff and Fellows</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carol Adelman, Senior Fellow(ken?) wacko?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex A. Avery, Director of Research and Education, Center for Global Food Issues;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Bork, Distinguished Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Fumento, Senior Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ron Dworkin, Senior Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Francis Fukuyama Adjunct Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles Horner, Senior Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frank Luntz, Adjunct Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paul Marshall, Senior Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joel Schwartz, Senior Adjunct Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Max Singer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lt. General William Odom, who was director of Hudson's Center for National Security Studies in 2001 is now a Senior Fellow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I. Lewis Scooter Libby (Senior Advisor)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former board directors include James H. Dowling from the multinational PR firm Burson-Marsteller. Former staff, listed in 2001 IRS return, include include John Curtis Smith, vice president; Patricia Hasselblad, secretary; and Gary Geipel, COO; Betsy Ross, senior fellow; and Edwin S. Rubinstein, senior fellow. Other former staff include: Phyllis Busansky, Welfare Policy Center; David Dodenhoff, Welfare Policy Center; Joshua Kaufmann, Welfare Policy Center; Kay Crawford, restorative justice coordinator of the Crime Control Policy Center; Natalie Hipple, research director at Hudson's Crime Control Policy Center; John Clark, director of Hudson's Center for Central European and Eurasian Studies; Donald K. Jonas, director of Hudson's Center for Workplace Development; Michael Garber, director of Hudson's Education Policy Center; Diana Etindi, director of Hudson's Phoenix Center on Human Relations and Community Affairs; Marshall Wittmann, director of the Project for Conservative Reform; Amy Sherman, director of the Welfare Policy Center.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact details</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1015 15th Street, N.W. (the Examiner Building (Washington DC), home to numerous conservative organizations)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6th Floor</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Washington, DC 20005</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Phone: (202) 974-2400</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fax: (202) 974-2410</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Email: info AT hudson.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Web: http://www.hudson.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson Institute's Promotion of Social Security Privatization</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Think tanks</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Trashing organic foods</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jan Henrik Jebsen - board member</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson RSS feed</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hudson Institute, Inc.", Media Transparency, accessed October 2005.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Search of Media Transparency website for Hudson Institute results;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">People for the American Way, Buying a Movement: Right-Wing Foundations and American Politics, 1996.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Phil Wilayto, "Don't look to Wisconsin as model for welfare reform", Media Transparency, July 1, 2000.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bryan G. Pfeifer, "Wisconsin Works doesn't work: Report confirms failure of Wisconsin welfare reform known as W-2", Media Transparency, January 13, 2002.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Salon.com, Roll Call: Republican pollster canned at MSNBC", Media Matters for America, September 30, 2004.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bill Berkowitz, "At 60, the United Nations is still taking fire: The Hudson Institute's new 'EYE On The UN' website aims to make sure the UN is transparent, accountable and doing what the US wants", Media Transparency, September 28, 2005.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eamon Javers, "A Columnist Backed by Monsanto: Michael Fumento's failure to disclose payments to him in 1999 from the agribusiness giant have now caused Scripps Howard to sever its ties to him," BusinessWeek Online, January 13, 2006.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bill Berkowitz, "Hudson Institute: Home of the indicted and the exposed: After hiring Scooter Libby, "Senior Fellow" Michael Fumento admits taking Monsanto money and not disclosing it, and is fired by Scripps Howard News Service", Media Transparency, January 18, 2006.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Emma Schwartz, "Kazakhstan Pays for Academic Reports: Johns Hopkins Institute Says It Had Complete Independence," ABC News, September 29, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? PewForum.org All Expendidures Data, chart/lobbying database, accessed January 20, 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Daniel Bice, Bill Glauber, Ben Poston. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. November 28, 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Hudson Institute/IRS 2008 Form 990, government reporting form, accessed January 20, 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Hudson Institute Communications Lewis Libby Joins Hudson Institute, news release, January 6, 2006</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Diana Furchtgott-Roth Pardon Scooter Libby, January 15, 2009</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Categories: Think tanks | United States | US Health Care System</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hudson_Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GW</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.desmogblog.com/tags/hudson-institute dennis avery&nbsp; http://www.desmogblog.com/taxonomy/term/1720</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;tag eg</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dennis Avery at the Hudson Institute pushed out a story the other day claiming that: “The atmospheric CO2 levels at Hawaii’s Mauna Loa observatory have declined since 2004.” He’s totally wrong and admitted he was, but has failed to correct this mistruth and now the story is bouncing around the right-wing media echo chamber.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2008</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We can now count the dead and the imaginary among the shrinking number of scientists in the Heartland Institute list of 500 Scientists with Documented Doubts of Man-Made Global Warming Scares.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Bond, G., Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory;” “Bradbury, J. Pratt, USGS;” and “Keeling, Charles D., Scripps Institute of Oceanography” are all deceased and therefore unable to join the chorus of legitimate scientists who are demanding that their names be removed from the list.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Read more: A Few Scientists Who Won't Deny Being Deniers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In his controversial new book, Liberal Fascism: The Secret History of the American Left, From Mussolini to the Politics of Meaning (Doubleday) Jonah Goldberg offers a startling new perspective on the theories and practices that define fascist politics. Reaching beyond familiar myths, he reminds us that the original fascists were men of the left, and that liberals from Woodrow Wilson to FDR to Hillary Clinton have advocated some policies and principles remarkably similar to those of European fascism, including an aversion to the free market, and the promise of free health care and a generous pension system. Do these striking parallels mean that today's liberals are genocidal maniacs, intent on conquering the world and imposing a new racial order? Of course not. Yet it is hard to deny, Goldberg argues, that modern progressivism and classical fascism share the same intellectual roots. http://fora.tv/2008/01/30/Jonah_Goldberg_on_Liberal_Fascism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute is a conservative[2][3] think tank founded in 1961, in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, by futurist, military strategist, and systems theorist Herman Kahn and his colleagues at the RAND Corporation.[4] It moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1984 and to Washington, D.C., in 2004.[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Institute promotes public policy change in accordance with its stated values of a "commitment to free markets and individual responsibility, confidence in the power of technology to assist progress, respect for the importance of culture and religion in human affairs, and determination to preserve America's national security."[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Capital Research Center, a conservative group that seeks to rank non-profits and documents their funding, allocates Hudson as a 7 on its ideological spectrum with 8 being "Free Market Right" and 1 "Radical Left".[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In March 2011, Kenneth R. Weinstein was appointed president and CEO of the institute.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;[hide]&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 Policy positions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Hudson Institute Leadership</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4 Notable trustees, fellows and advisors</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5 Notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6 Further reading</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7 External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Policy positions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to its mission statement, the Hudson Institute "challenges conventional thinking and helps manage strategic transitions to the future through interdisciplinary and collaborative studies in defense, international relations, economics, culture, science, technology, and law. Through publications, conferences and policy recommendations, we seek to guide global leaders in government and business."[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute mission statement continues "In the 1970s, Hudson's scholars advocated a turn away from the 'no-growth' policies of the Club of Rome; in the early 1990s, it advised the newly independent Baltic nations on becoming market economies; it assisted in drafting the Wisconsin welfare reform law."[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Institute has taken positions critical of environmentalism.[7] Dennis Avery, as Director of the Hudson's Center for Global Food Issues, has written in opposition to those who favor the adoption of organic agricultural methods.[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It was described by US foreign policy scholars John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt as “closely associated with neoconservatives”.[9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute is supported by donations from companies and individuals. Corporate contributors listed in a publication from 2001 included Eli Lilly and Company, Monsanto Company, DuPont, Dow-Elanco, Sandoz, Ciba-Geigy, ConAgra, Cargill, and Procter & Gamble.[10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fundraising efforts use testimonials from what the Institute calls its "family of generous supporters and friends", among them, Henry Kissinger, who provides a testimonial: "Hudson Institute is today one of America's foremost policy research centers, in the forefront of study and debate on important domestic and international policy issues, known and respected around the globe, a leader in innovative thinking and creative solutions to the challenges of the present and the future."[11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Critics question the institute's position on many issues, such as their negative campaigning against organic farming, since they receive large sums of money from conventional food companies. The New York Times commented on Dennis Avery's attacks on organic farming: "The attack on organic food by a well-financed research organization suggests that, though organic food accounts for only 1 percent of food sales in the United States, the conventional food industry is worried."[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a May 18, 2003, BBC broadcast entitled, "The War Party", Meyrav Wurmser, wife of AEI member David Wurmser and member of The Hudson Institute, candidly admitted that “many of us are Jewish” and that “all of us, in fact, are pro-Israel­, some of us more fiercely so that others.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While many conservative think tanks eschew government funding, Hudson happily takes government contracts. The Capital Research Center (CRC) database lists Hudson as having received six grants between 1996 and 2002 totaling $731,914 (unadjusted for inflation). Five of the six grants were from the Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs. (Neither the CRC database or Hudson's annual report for those years provide details on what the grants were specifically for.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2002, Hudson received a grant of $173,484 from the Department of Commerce.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute's IRS Form 990 for the financial year ending on September 30, 2003 showed total revenue of $9.34 million, including over $146,000 in government grants. Although several of the organizations listed below no longer exist, some of the funding sources listed in the institute's 2002 annual report include:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ag Processing Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Crop Protection Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Cyanamid</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Archer Daniels Midland</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cargill</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ciba-Geigy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ConAgra Foods</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conrad Black</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CropLife International</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DowElanco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DuPont</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eli Lilly and Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon Mobil</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fannie Mae</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Electric Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Heinz</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IBM</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lilly Endowment</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McDonald's</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Merck</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Microsoft</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Monsanto</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Agricultural Chemical Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nichols-Dezenhall Communications Management Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Novartis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PayPal</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PhRMA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PriceWaterhouseCoopers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Procter & Gamble</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sunkist Growers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Syngenta Crop Protection</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United Agri Products</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Westfield Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After it was revealed that Michael Fumento received funding from Monsanto for his 1999 book Bio-Evolution, company spokesman Chris Horner confirmed that it continues to fund the think tank. "It's our practice, that if we're dealing with an organization like this, that any funds we're giving should be unrestricted," Horner told BusinessWeek. Hudson's CEO and President Kenneth R. Weinstein told BusinessWeek that he was uncertain if the payment should have been disclosed. "That's a good question, period," he said.[12]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Hudson Institute Leadership</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Source: [13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth R. Weinstein (CEO and President as of March 18, 2011)[14]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John P. Walters (Chief Operating Officer and Executive Vice President)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Herbert London (President Emeritus)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lewis Libby (Senior Vice President)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Freeman (Chief Financial Officer)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Grace Paine Terzian (Vice President for Communications)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Notable trustees, fellows and advisors</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1990, fellow Bruce Chapman founded another think tank, the Discovery Institute.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Politicians who have been affiliated with Hudson include former U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle and Governor of Indiana Mitch Daniels who served as Hudson's President and CEO from 1987 to 1990.[15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other members have included:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raymond Aron</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zeyno Baran</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anne Bayefsky</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel Bell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Conrad Black</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chuck Blahous</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Bork</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rudy Boschwitz</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pierre S. du Pont, IV (emeritus)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ralph Ellison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph Epstein</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Douglas J. Feith</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph M. Giglio[16]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alexander Haig (emeritus)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bernadine P. Healy, M.D. (emeritus)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jay Hein</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roy Innis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jun Isomura</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donald Kagan (emeritus)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amy A. Kass</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby (resigned from his position as a senior advisor after his convictions in United States v. Libby)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mario Mancuso</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Betsy McCaughey</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert H. McKinney[17]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John O'Sullivan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Odom</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard Perle</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald Radosh</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Abram Shulsky[18]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Max Singer[19] (Co-founder, president until 1973, currently senior fellow and trustee)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Irwin Stelzer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Walter P. Stern[20] (Chairman of the Board of Trustees; Board Member; Executive Committee Member)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allan R. Tessler[21] (Vice Chairman, Board of Trustees)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth R. Weinstein (Board of Trustees)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard Weitz</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former "Drug Czar" John Walters, Executive Vice President[22]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ambassador Curtin Winsor, Jr.[23] (Board Member)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yoshiki Hidaka (Japanese Columnist, Visiting Senior Fellow)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marcello Pera[24] (Italian philosopher, Senator, and former President of the Italian Senate)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ CharitiyNavigator.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Blumenauer, Earl. The New York Times. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/betsy_mccaughey/index.html?scp=3&sq=hudson%20institute&st=cse.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ http://www.journalgazette.net/article/20111218/BIZ/312189965/1031/BIZ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b c d e The Hudson Institute, "Mission Statement", accessed April 15, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ The Hudson Institute, "Frequently Asked Questions", accessed April 15, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Capital Research profile (archived site)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Environment Issues article list, The Hudson Institute, accessed August 10, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ a b Marian Burros, "Eating Well; Anti-Organic, And Flawed", The New York Times, accessed December 14, 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy, John J. Mearsheimer and Stephen M Walt, Allen Lane (UK Edition), p130</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, Trust Us, We’re Experts: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles with Your Future (New York: Penguin Putnam, 2001). ISBN 1-58542-139-1.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ The Hudson Institute, "Meet our Family of Generous Supporters and Friends", accessed April 15, 2008.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Javers, Eamon. "A Columnist Backed by Monsanto", BusinessWeek , January 13, 2006.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Hudson Institute leadership, http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=hudson_leadership</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Hudson Institute Press Release, http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=publication_details&id=7880&pubType=HI_PressReleases</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ http://www.hudson.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=hudson_upcoming_events&id=800</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Joseph M. Giglio Hudson Institute Biography.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Robert H. McKinney Hudson Institute Biography.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Douglas J. Feith and Abram N. Shulsky (20 May 2010). "The Dangerous Illusion of 'Nuclear Zero' – Why even speculate about a nuclear posture that would require world peace as a precondition?". The Wall Street Journal.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Max Singer Hudson Institute Biography.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Walter P. Stern Hudson Institute Biography.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Allan R. Tessler Hudson Institute Biography.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ John Walters Hudson Institute Biography</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Curtin Winsor Hudson Institute Biography.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ http://www.marcellopera.it/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] Further reading</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Blum, Ruthie. "Who's Right?" The Jerusalem Post, February 17, 2005: 13. (Free summary from fee-based archive.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hadar, Leon T. "Special Report: The 'Neocons': From the Cold War to the 'Global Intifada' ". The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 9.11 (Apr. 1991): 27. (Archived.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hutchinson, Bill, with Michael McAuliff. "Cheney Eyed Israeli Strike on Iranian Nuclear Reactor - Mag". The New York Daily News, September 24, 2007, Nation/World: 7. (Archived.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kirkpatrick, David D. "Lack of Resolution in Iraq Finds Conservatives Divided". The New York Times, April 19, 2004: A21.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lynch, Frederic R. "Workforce Diversity: PC's Final Frontier? - Political Correctness - Demystifying Multiculturalism - Cover Story". National Review, February 21, 1994: 32. (Accessed via findarticles.com.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">White, Andrew. "New York in the 1960s". The American Prospect, October 22, 2001: 40. [Book rev. of The Ungovernable City: John Lindsay and His Struggle to Save New York, by Vincent J. Cannato (New York: Basic Books, 2001).]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">www.Hudson.org, Hudson Institute homepage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">YouTube.com, The Hudson Institute's YouTube channel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Categories:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1961 establishments</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eli Lilly and Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Foreign policy political advocacy groups in the United States</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">New Right (United States)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Political and economic think tanks in the United States</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Center for Global Food Issues is a project of the Hudson Institute, a conservative U.S. think tank. It aims to promote agricultural free trade, encourage technical innovation in agriculture, and raise environmental awareness among farmers.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Center has received criticism from the Union of Concerned Scientists[1] and other organizations.[citation needed]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dennis Avery is the Director.[2] His son, Alex Avery, is the Director of Research and Education.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Center manages additional websites, including:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BSE News [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Milk is Milk [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[edit] References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Dialogue. Earthwise. Volume 7 Number 1. Retrieved 12 November 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ About CGFI. www.cgfi.org. Retrieved 12 November 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">^ Alex Avery. GM Watch profile. Retrieved 12 November 2007.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">First Woodlands Conference:&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Limits to Growth, 1975 The first Woodlands Conference was held in October 1975. The conference title reflected Mitchell’s desire to restate the original message by the Club of Rome: “Limits to Growth: The First Biennial Assessment of Alternatives to Growth,” which meant, in short, “Limits, but . . .” Mitchell was intimately involved in preparing the conference, more so than in later events. The problem “concerned me,” he said. “Therefore I took the time to try to think out what in the world was happening.” 10 Dennis Meadows and John Naisbitt, then president of the Urban Research Corporation, served as conference directors. 11 The conference, held at the just-opened Woodlands Conference Center, was an enormous success, with five hundred attendees, large press coverage,and the excitement generated at the event.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Molly Ivins, coeditor of the Texas Observer, said in her review of what she called the “Doom Conference”: “I have seen the future, and I can tell you it is polysyllabic.” 12 The conference started from the premise that limits not only existed but were already having a negative effect on the global quality of life. Most participants agreed that there were some limits to be faced. They attempted to formulate a response: (1) Transition to steady state would have positive consequences for society provided action was taken in time; (2) Limits would have serious negative consequences if they were ignored so long that they began to intrude on social development;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;and (3) Growth had to be redirected by better balancing of economic, social, and environmental goals. 13 There were forty panelists and speakers, including Jay Forrester (who had designed the computer program that was used in the Limits to Growth study); the British economist E. F. Schumacher (author of Small is Beautiful); World Watch Institute president Lester Brown; Herman Kahn, founding director of the Hudson Institute; Dr. Jonas Salk, developer of the polio vaccine; Limits to Growth authors Donella and Dennis Meadows; and Ian McHarg, author of Design with Nature and planner of The Woodlands. Other prominent speakers at the 1975 conference included Sico Mansholt (European Common Market), Amory Lovins (United Nations Environment Program), Elise Boulding (University of Colorado), U.S. senator Jacob Javits, Herman E. Daly (Louisiana State University), and Hazel Henderson (Princeton University). Many of the conference speakers became prominent in the field of sustainability studies in the years that followed. Reminiscing, George Mitchell described the highlight of the conference: a heated debate between Dennis Meadows and Herman Kahn. Kahn, a former staff member of the rand Corporation and founder of the Hudson Institute on future studies, spoke on the topic “Growth Is Good for You.” He disagreed vehemently with the limits-to-growth thesis. Mitchell summarized Kahn’s position: “Just develop everything and technology will take care of everything.” 14 In Mitchell’s view Meadows had the better arguments in the debate that followed Kahn’s presentation, but he faced a formidable debater. Meadows put it this way: “Kahn’s viewpoint, which is shared by many other people, is that there are no limits. If something like a limit starts to show up, the market and technology will finesse it and let you keep going.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schmandt, Jurgen. George P. Mitchell and the Idea of Sustainability.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;College Station, TX, USA: Texas A&M University Press, 2010.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;ebrary collections. 25 May. 2014</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">. Texas A&M University Press.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alex_Avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;SON</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Avery is the Director of Research and Education at the Center for Global Food Issues (CGFI), a project of the Hudson Institute. The Hudson Institute receives funding from big agribusiness interests, includingMonsanto, DowElanco, the Ag-Chem Equipment Company and Syngenta which are involved in agriculture biotechnology.[1][2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to a biographical profile on the CGFI website, prior "to joining Hudson in 1994, he was a McKnight research fellow at Purdue University, where he worked to develop drought-resistant sorghum varieties for the Sudan of Africa."[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Since joining the Center in 1994, Avery has spoken to a wide variety of national and international audiences and has represented the Center at the United Nations World Food Summit in Rome," his bio note states.[3]According to his bio note, Alex Avery's articles have "appeared in many publications, including the Des Moines Register, USA Today Magazine, The Washington Times, and Canada's Western Producer.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;[hide]&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 Baby blues</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 Books</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.1 Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.2 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.3 External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.4 External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.4.1 Biographical notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.4.2 Articles by Avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.5 General articles on Avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Baby blues</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Avery's biographical note states that he authored a "peer-reviewed study documenting that nitrates in drinking water do not cause the infamous 'blue baby syndrome' in infants". [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However, his initial study - "Infantile Methemoglobinemia: Reexamining the Role of Drinking Water Nitrates" which was published in the July 1999 edition of the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences journal Environmental Health Perspectives - was more equivocal than his biographical note makes out.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Recent research and a review of historical cases offer a more complex picture of the causes of infantile methemoglobinemia. Gastrointestinal infection and inflammation and the ensuing overproduction of nitric oxide may be the cause of many cases of infantile methemoglobinemia previously attributed to drinking water nitrates," the abstract stated.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"If so, current limits on allowable levels of nitrates in drinking water, which are based solely on the health threat of infantile methemoglobinemia, may be unnecessarily strict," he wrote.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex concluded change was needed. "A complete review of the drinking water nitrate standard should be conducted. The National Research Council conducted a review of the nitrate standard in the early 1990s with the purpose of determining if the current standard was adequate to protect human health; it did not address whether the standard was overly protective," he wrote.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Avery took issue with an editorial in The Des Moines Register calling for more responsible farming to prevent the pollution of water sources with nitrogen. "While the goal of limiting nitrogen losses from farmland is sound, the editorial missed the boat on the health risks from nitrates," Avery wrote. Avery argued that the EPA mandated limit of 10 parts per million in water supply could safely be doubled. "Raising the federal standard to just 20 ppm would not raise the health risk to small infants or the general public, but it would eliminate the need to treat Des Moines' drinking water, saving millions of dollars," he wrote. [5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dennis too, took the issue up in an article for the Hudson Institute. Avery senior objected to 1977 proposals by the Environmental Working Group, a Washington-based environmental organization, that the drinking water nitrate limit should be halved to 5 parts per million. Where Alex's paper had suggested that causes other than nitrates "may" be the cause of the baby blue syndrome, Avery senior found no need to repeat the qualification. "Now, a study in the July issue of Environmental Health Perspectives, a publication of the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, says that nitrate doesn't cause blue baby syndrome after all," wrote Dennis, who later in the article disclosed his son had authored the report. A limit of 20 parts per million, he wrote, "would take the regulatory pressure off good farmers with no additional risk to infants".[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In late 2003, Alex was back on the case. In an article published on the Heartland Institute's website, Alex stated that "nitrate levels in drinking water are regulated for one reason only: to prevent blue baby syndrome, medically known as infantile methemoglobinemia," he wrote. "That regulation is costing U.S. communities and homeowners hundreds of millions of dollars per year, and the cost is increasing," he wrote, demanding that Congress should demand the National Research Council institute a scientific review of the nitrate level.[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Associate director at the Center for Health Effects of Environmental Contamination, University of Iowa, Peter Weyer, expressed his concern when Avery's paper was first published. "The potential long-term health impacts and related costs to society could be staggering. Rather than relaxing the MCL, we should be working towards preventing contamination of water supplies by nitrate (whatever the source) as a prudent effort towards reducing potential risk to the public's health," he wrote.[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The National Center for Appropriate Technology argued that Avery's argument had major flaws. "While the nitrate in contaminated water does not appear to cause methemoglobinemia, it can certainly affect the severity of an attack, by increasing the amount and concentration of nitrates and nitrites the body must contend with. Excess nitrates have been associated with other health problems for both humans and livestock, including questions regarding its carcinogenic and teratogenic effects", he wrote.[9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Books</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Avery and Graydon Forrer, 'Organic Industry Groups Spread Fear for Profit', September 21, 2000.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'The Organic Food Industry: Smearing The Competition' - a paper published (13 March 2000) on Monsanto's Biotechnology Knowledge Center website,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Infantile Methemoglobinemia: Reexamining the Role of Drinking Water Nitrates," Environmental Health Perspectives, July 1999. According to his bio note this is a "peer-reviewed study documenting that nitrates in drinking water do not cause the infamous "blue baby syndrome" in infants".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Farming to Sustain the Environment," Hudson Briefing Paper No. 190, Hudson, May 1996.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'The Deadly Chemicals in Organic Food', New York Post, June 2, 2001</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Organic farming caused dust bowl', The Spokesman-Review.com, August 18, 2002.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Marian Burros EATING WELL; Is Organic Food Provably Better?, New York Times, July 16, 2003</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Hudson Institute Hudson Institute 2002 Annual Report, (pdf) Annual report, accessed January 19, 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 "Alex A. Avery", Center for Global Food Issues website, accessed August 2009.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? 4.0 4.1 Alexander Austin Avery, "Infantile Methemoglobinemia: Reexamining the Role of Drinking Water Nitrates", Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 107, Number 7, July 1999.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Alex Avery, "Dispel myths about the danger of nitrates", The Des Moines Register, June 24, 1999.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Dennis T. Avery, "Don't Blame Farmers For Blue Baby Syndrome", Bridge News, July 7, 1999.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Alex Avery, "Nitrate Alarmists Cost Consumers Plenty", Environment & Climate News, Heartland Institute, December 2003.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Peter Weyer, "Should we worry about nitrate in our water?", The Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, May 16, 2002.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? "Blue Babies and Red Herrings", National Center for Appropriate Technology, archived from September 9, 2001.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A full list of Alex Avery's articles appears at http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=staff_bio&eid=AverAlex</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Biographical notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.cgfi.org/about/aavery_bio.htm</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles by Avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alexander Austin Avery, "Infantile Methemoglobinemia: Reexamining the Role of Drinking Water Nitrates", Environmental Health Perspectives, July 1999, p. 583-586.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Avery, "Dispel myths about the dangers of nitrates", The Des Moines Register, June 24, 1999.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dennis Avery, "Don't Blame Farmers For Blue Baby Syndrome", July 7, 1999.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Avery, "Nitrate Alarmists Cost Consumers Plenty", Environment News, The Heartland Institute, November 21, 2003.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General articles on Avery</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Avery's work debunked on Deconstructing Dinner, "A Primer on Pesticide Propaganda II (Audio)" "(Transcript)", April 2009</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.gmwatch.org/profile1.asp?PrId=14&page=A</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Category:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Atrazine Exposed</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; By Barbara Aho</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Freedom From Religious Persecution Act (HR 2431/S772) was authored by Michael Horowitz, a Senior Fellow at the Hudson Institute. Our own investigation reveals that Hudson Institute is part of a vast network of pseudo-conservative organizations which serve as fronts for the New World Order.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The following profile of Hudson Institute is excerpted from a publication offered by Mackinac Center for Public Policy which is related to the Heritage Foundation. It was written by Dr. Bruno Manno of the Hudson Institute making a case for Outcome Based Education. (According to the article, the public opposed OBE because the state did an inadequate job of educating.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The Institute is a private, not-for-profit research organization headquartered in Indianapolis with offices in Washington D.C.; Montreal, Canada; and Madison, Wisconsin. Hudson analyzes and makes recommendations about public policy for business and government...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hudson Institute was founded in 1961 by the late Herman Kahn and colleagues from the Rand Corporation. Initially, the institute focused on policy issues involving national security and international order...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hudson Institute's research agenda compromises six areas: national security and foreign affairs; human resources (including education, employment, and social welfare); economic and financial affairs; global food issues; political institution; and competitive issues executives, as well as for the public at large."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In her book, Educating for the New World Order, B.K. Eakman tells of a training manual for "change agents" developed for the U.S. government by Rand Corporation, also founded by Herman Kahn following World War II:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"What [education] researchers in Pennsylvania [found] was a how-to manual with a 1971 U.S. Office of Education contract number on it entitled 'Training for Change Agents'; [and] seven volumes of 'change agent studies' commissioned by the U.S. Office of Education to the Rand Corporation in 1973-74; [and] scores of other papers submitted by behaviorist researchers who had obtained grants from the U.S. Office of Education for the purpose of exploring ways to 'freeze' and 'unfreeze' values, 'to implement change,' and to turn potentially hostile groups and committees into acquiescent, rubber-stamp bodies by means of such strategies as the 'Delphi Technique.'" 1.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The Rand Corporation’s change agent studies –– full of statistical data and very hard to obtain –– are essentially a set of feasibility studies. Apparently, the federal government wanted to know how difficult and costly it would be to move forward with a national version of the change-agent program. Volumes II and IV, respectively, of the Rand series are entitled 'Factors Affecting Change Agent Projects' and 'Factors Affecting Implementation and Continuation.' Without going into depth on these lengthy statistical studies, the titles here give a pretty good idea what the thrust of the work was. As with other change agent documents, the federal contract number is emblazoned plainly on the front cover of each Rand document." 2.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON /HERITAGE / CFR CONNECTIONS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Heritage Foundation has well-documented connections with many subversive organizations and individuals -- old and neo-Nazis, Sun Myung Moon's Unification network, Communism and the United Nations. Listed in the Heritage directory of organizations that share the foundation's beliefs is Hudson Institute. The source of Hudson's brochure by Brunno Manno is the Heritage-related Mackinac Center for Public Policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Heritage Foundation list of past Scholars and Fellows included the late Herman Kahn, founder and director of the Hudson Institute. Former U.S. Secretary of Education, William Bennett, is currently a Senior Fellow at Hudson Institute and Distinguished Fellow at the Heritage Foundation. Present Hudson Fellows also include Dennis Doyle, Chester Finn, and Pierre Du Pont who, with Bennett serve on the board of directors of the Center for Education Reform (CER), whose President is Jeanne Allen, formerly of Heritage. Hudson is also part of the Heritage Foundation School Choice Program Network and linksdirectly to the Education Policy Institute (EPI), a Heritage subsidiary.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other crossover memberships occur among the officers of Heritage Foundation, Hudson Institute and the Council for National Policy :</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pierre Du Pont IV: CNP / Trustee Emeritus Hudson Institute&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coors Family: CNP / Holly Coors, Heritage Foundation Trustee, Joe Coors, Heritage Foundation Honorary Trustee&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DeVos Family (Amway Corp): CNP / Funds CNP, Hudson Institute and Heritage Foundation&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jay Van Andel: CNP / Co-Founder and Senior Chairman of Amway Corporation / Hudson Board of Trustees / Funds Heritage Foundation&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Beurt Servaas: CNP / Hudson Board of Trustees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson's long list of benefactors includes: Amway, DuPont, Exxon, Forbes, Ford Motor Co., J. Paul Getty, McDonalds, Oscar de LaRenta, Pew Charitable Trusts, Sarah Scaife Foundation (Mellon). In 1988, Adolph Coors Foundation gave $25,000 to Hudson for programs involving U.S. foreign policy issues, economic growth and defense. 3.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson Institute's directors include many individuals who belong to the Council on Foreign Relations:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON BOARD OF TRUSTEES</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Walter P. Sterns, Chairman of the Board (CFR)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TRUSTEES EMERITI</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth Duberstein (CFR)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Prof. Roger D. Fisher (Harvard Law School; CFR)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alexander M. Haig, Jr. (CFR, Knights of Malta)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dan Quayle (CFR, Bilderberg Group)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John C. Whitehead (CFR, Bilderberg Group)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON STAFF</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William E. Odom, Senior Fellow, Director, National Security Issues (CFR)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Norman Podhoretz, Senior Fellow (CFR)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ADJUNCT FELLOWS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frank C. Carlucci (CFR; Trilateral Commission)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paula Dobriansky, Vice President (Director, Washington Office CFR; Host of National Empowerment Television Freedom's Challenge)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mary Eberstadt (CFR)&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr. Stephen F. Starr (CFR/Trilateral Commission; Director, Rockefeller Brothers Foundation; Chairman, Central Asia Institute, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Also a member of the CFR is Hudson Institute/GOALS 2000 SCANS committee member, J. Paul Sticht, who expressed the view that the future workforce need not be educated, but "managed and trained...although a small cadre of highly educated creative people are essential to innovation and growth."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON AS A FUTURIST ORGANIZATION</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hudson Institute describes its orientation as "futurist," "contrarian," and "unconventional."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hudson is a nonpartisan futurist organization that is known for its healthy skepticism of conventional wisdom and its guarded optimism about solving tomorrow’s problems today. Herman Kahn, along with Max Singer and Oscar Rubenhausen, established Hudson Institute as a research organization dedicated to thinking about the future from a contrarian point of view. From 1961 to 1983, Kahn maintained – and depended on – a research staff committed to engaging in intellectual exchange and analysis that offered predictions about the future."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the late 1970s, Herman Kahn authored three books believed to have measurably impacted American anti-war sentiment, leading to decreased government spending on military projects and increased spending on education programs:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Hudson produced unconventional works such as Kahn’s On Thermonuclear War, which examined in frightening detail the consequences of nuclear proliferation, and The Next 200 Years, where Kahn and Anthony Wiener extrapolated into the future. As funding for military research projects decreased, Hudson started examining domestic social and economic issues. These efforts produced books such as Frank Armbuster’s Our Children’s Crippled Future, which examined the failings of the American educational system long before they became a matter of widespread public concern."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON INSTITUTE & GOALS 2000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alice Bailey's channeled work, The Externalisation Of The Hierarchy, discloses the critical areas in which change agents would prepare humanity for the New Age: "The three main channels through which the preparation for the new age is going on might be regarded as the Church, the Masonic Fraternity and the educational field." 4.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson Institute has played a pioneering role the area of education reform. Dr. Brunno Manno, former senior fellow in Hudson's education policy studies program, developed the aforementioned profile of Hudson Institute for his promotion of Outcome Based Education. Dr. Manno is also part of the Annie E. Casey Foundation, which played a large role in GOALS 2000, the radical plan for restructuring American education under George Bush (renamed AMERICA 2000 under the present administration). AEC is currently playing a large role in influencing the direction of the state network of Family Policy Councils.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The America 2000/Goals 2000 Research Manual mentions Dr. Manno of Hudson Institute in a strategic government position for the restructuring of American education.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"[In 1991] Developing Leaders for Restructuring Schools: New Habits of the Mind and Heart was released. The Forward to this report of the National LEADership Network Study Group on Restructuring Schools was written by Brunno Manno, Assistant Secretary of the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education…</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In this report, one reads: 'Because restructuring schools create organizational structures that support risk taking and innovation, they often require that external and internal controls - laws and regulations, policies and bargaining agreements - be modified or waived.' The report advocates the following: 'create dissonance,' 'create interdependencies,' and 'encourage risk taking.'" 5.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Modern Red Schoolhouse [MRS] Design Team</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The New American Schools Development Corporation [NASDC] was established as a private non-profit tax exempt organization by the National Business Roundtable and the National Association of Business working with the strategists of GOALS 2000. NASDC used private monies to implement government reform, which amounted to Big Business setting their own standards for education; by-passing the traditional avenues of representational government. This strategy allowed the corporate community, which is unelected, to set standards for education with the view of producing a workforce to meet the needs of business. Hudson Institute was one of eleven private sector organizations to offer alternative plans for the failing education system.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Modern Red Schoolhouse [MRS] design team is Hudson Institute's plan for the break the mold school design project. Strangely, MRS and all of the other school design team plans looked identical, due to the fact that they were required to include the nine essential components which the National Business Roundtable [David Hornbeck and Paul Hill of GOALS 2000/RAND Corporation] developed. This was one of those contests where the winners were pre-determined.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Present fellows on the staff of Hudson Institute were involved in the development of GOALS 2000. Bennett's involvement goes back many years to when he was Secretary of Education, having been screened by the Heritage Foundation for this position in the Reagan administration. William Bennett is also co-director with Jack Kemp and Jeane Kirkpatrick of Empower America, whose President and CEO until March, 2000 was Josette Shiner, a high-ranking Unification Church member and former editor at the Sun Myung Moon-owned Washington Times newspaper.&nbsp; The board of Empower America is composed almost entirely of CFR members and/or high ranking Freemasons, including Jack Kemp [33º Mason], Jeane Kirkpatrick [CFR], Michael Novak [CFR], Trent Lott [33º Mason], Ward Wood [CFR], Theodore Forstmann [CFR] and past board member Newt Gingrich [CFR, 33º Mason].</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On the Hudson MRS Design Team, William Bennett served as chairman with Dennis Doyle, Chester Finn, Jr., Pierre du Pont IV and Lamar Alexander (former Education Secretary under George Bush). Chester Finn, author of AMERICA 2000 with Lamar Alexander, also sits on the National Education Goals Panel for GOALS 2000. Chester Finn and Diane Ravitch are co-directors of the Thomas Fordham Foundation's Educational Excellence Network, which works with Hudson Institute, and also direct the Education Policy Institute (EPI), bringing together GOALS 2000 players with Heritage Foundation's Center for Education Reform.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is interesting that, under William Bennett, the U.S. Department of Education’s role was greatly expanded. Many of the behavioral surveys were developed at that time to measure the beliefs and adaptability of students. Also, Chester Finn’s Bio at the web sites of Hudson Institute and Fordham Foundation, where Finn is President, do not mention his role on the GOALS 2000/ National Education Goals Panel [let alone his authorship of GOALS 2000].</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As head of the US Department of Education's Office of Educational Research and Improvement, Chester Finn also authored WE MUST TAKE CHARGE: Our Schools and Our Future. In this book, not only does Finn advocate a national curriculum, but he also writes:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The school is the vital delivery system, the state is the policy setter (and chief paymaster), and nothing in between is very important. This formulation turns on its head the traditional American assumption that every city, town and county bears the chief responsibility for organizing and operating its own schools as a municipal function. That is what we meant by 'local control,' but it has become an anachronism no longer justified by research, consistent with sound fiscal policy or organizational theory, suited to our mobility patterns, or important to the public." 6.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HUDSON'S WORKFORCE 2000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson Institute scholars also developed Workforce 2000: Work and Wonders for the 21st Century. This publication calls for restructuring the American workforce in such a manner that only a small percentage of the population will be educated.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In 1987, Hudson’s landmark study Workforce 2000 accurately forecasted the changes the American workforce would encounter with the new millennium. In 1997, Hudson released its sequel, Workforce 2020. In addition, Hudson played a crucial role in engineering Wisconsin’s Welfare-to-Work system in 1995, and its once-supported Modern Red Schoolhouse Project has been implemented by dozens of schools across the Midwest."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hudson's web site announced the Workforce 2020 Conference preparing for the Millennium:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Don't miss the Workforce 2020 Conference on September 23-24, hosted by Hudson Institute, publishers of the book, Workforce 2020: Work and Workers in the 21st Century. America's top workforce experts will speak."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Among the top workforce speakers listed were Hudson scholars, Chester Finn and co-author of Workforce 2000, Arnold Packer. The latter is also described as "Professor, Director of SCANS/2000 Johns Hopkins University...former Executive Director of the Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills (SCANS) at the U.S. Department of Labor."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SCANS was a pivotal document coming out of the Department of Labor at the upstart of GOALS 2000 -- identifying qualities business expected to be instilled in the workforce of the future. "Arnold Packer's book, Learning a Living: A Blueprint for High Performance was described in the SCANS report as 'the seminal study' which 'laid the cornerstone' of the 'reform structure' we continue to assemble." 7. The elitist philosophy of the Hudson Institute was expressed by SCANS committee and CFR member, Thomas Sticht, in the following statement:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Many companies have moved operations to places with cheap, relatively poorly educated labor. What may be crucial, they say is dependability of a labor force and how well it can be managed and trained not its general educational level, although a small cadre of highly educated creative people are essential to innovation and growth."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For those who may be unfamiliar with education reform issues, Robert Holland explains What's Wrong with School-to-Work?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"School-to-Work, which is linked with Goals 2000, injects the federal government deeply and dangerously into shaping the curriculum of American schools. It puts the United States in the camp of regimes that decree what knowledge is "official," and, even more than that, how that knowledge should be taught and for what purpose.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"School-to-Work locks students into career tracks much too early, chilling opportunity and killing youthful dreams.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Throughout their history, Americans have rejected efforts to have the government track their children into jobs satisfying the designs of economic planners.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"School-to-Work, as part of a national human resource development system, cuts local school boards and state legislators almost completely out of the decision-making loop... It will teach those skills the government planners say that children-whom they consider to be "human capital"-need to have in the Brave New Millennium.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"School-to-Work drastically narrows the curriculum, making it less likely that schools will produce literate, well-rounded generalists who can cope with rapid change in civic life as well as the workforce. School-to-Work is about the servile arts, not the liberal arts. We should remember that the liberal arts derive from the Latin libera, which means freedom. Vocational training can be liberating, too, but not compulsory training to meet state workforce quotas. That is a form of slavery."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Spring, 1998</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FREEDOM HOUSE: A CFR FRONT</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Freedom From Religious Persecution</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1.&nbsp; &nbsp; B.K. Eakman, Educating for the New World Order, Halcyon House, Portland, OR, 1991, p. 118.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.&nbsp; &nbsp; Ibid., p. 121.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.&nbsp; &nbsp; Russ Bellant, The Coors Connection, South End Press, 1988, p. 125.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.&nbsp; &nbsp; Alice Bailey, TheExternalisation Of The Hierarchy, Lucis Trust, 1957, p. 511.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5.&nbsp; &nbsp; James R. Patrick, Editor, America 2000/Goals 2000 Research Manual, Citizens for Academic Excellence, 1994, p. 120.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.&nbsp; &nbsp; Ibid., p. 117.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7.&nbsp; &nbsp; Ibid., p. 495.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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