USIA
<h2> <span class="mw-headline" id=".22Americans_Spying_on_Americans.22"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Americans Spying on Americans"</span></font></span></h2>
<p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Michael Boos, Program Director of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a>, says the group promotes <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Conservative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conservative (page does not exist)">conservative</a> ideas on college campuses .. and keeps track of what the left-wing opposition is up to," Fredric L. Rice wrote for <i>SkepticFiles.org</i> circa 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Boos#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup></font>
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Boos keeps files, makes lists, takes photographs ... all to keep an
eye on students and professors he says 'need watching.' Boos says that
two top-level <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Reagan_Adminstration" title="Reagan Adminstration" class="mw-redirect">Reagan Adminstration</a> officials -- <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ken_Cribb" title="Ken Cribb" class="mw-redirect">Ken Cribb</a>, Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs, and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Frank_Donatelli" title="Frank Donatelli" class="mw-redirect">Frank Donatelli</a>,
the President's chief Political Advisor -- support his work. Both serve
on Young America's Board of Directors. Young America's financial
records reveal the oganization received money from the federal
government -- over $100,000 from the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency" class="mw-redirect">United States Information Agency</a>," Rice wrote.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty</a></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">srcwtch </font></p><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); font-size: 14px; line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">The <b>U.S. Information Agency</b> (USIA) was established in August 1953 and operated under that name until April 1978, when its functions were consolidated with those of the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Department_of_State" title="Department of State" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Department of State</a>. Following a brief period during the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Carter_administration" title="Carter administration" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Carter administration</a> when it was called the International Communications Agency (USICA), the agency's name was restored to USIA in August 1982. The agency was known as United States Information Service (USIS) overseas but could not use that abbreviation to avoid confusion with the United States Immigration Service.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; font-size: 13.3px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; font-size: 13.3px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-size: 12.502px;"> [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#Current_Form" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Current Form</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#Former_Mission" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Former Mission</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#Goals" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Goals</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#Related_project" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Related project</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#Revival_prospects.282004.29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Revival prospects (2004)</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch articles</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;" /><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="Current_Form">Current Form</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">The former USIA currently exists as the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bureau_of_International_Information_Programs" title="Bureau of International Information Programs" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bureau of International Information Programs</a> (IIP).</p><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="Former_Mission">Former Mission</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">USIA's mission was to understand, inform and influence foreign publics in promotion of the national interest, and to broaden the dialogue between Americans and U.S. institutions and their counterparts abroad.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;">The Foreign Affairs and Restructuring Act abolished the U.S. Information Agency effective October 1, 1999.</p><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="Goals">Goals</span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Increased understanding and acceptance of U.S. policies and U.S. society by foreign audiences.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Broadened dialogue between Americans and U.S. institutions and their counterparts overseas.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Increased U.S. Government knowledge and understanding of foreign attitudes and their implications for U.S. foreign policy.</li></ul><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_project">Related project</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Marvin_Stone" title="Marvin Stone" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Marvin Stone</a>, former deputy director of the USIA (and former editor of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.News%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. News & World Report</a>) created the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Media_Fund" title="International Media Fund" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">International Media Fund</a> in 1990, as a means of getting US journalists involved in media restructuring in "emerging democracies." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ellenhume.com/articles/missionaries5_easterneurope1.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E07E3DE123BF936A25756C0A963948260" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">[2]</a></p><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="Revival_prospects.282004.29">Revival prospects (2004)</span></h2><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">"After a tough political battle, the US government is going to restructure its intelligence-gathering capabilities. What should come next is a tough battle to reorganize its information-disseminating capabilities to the rest of the world. The present system is dysfunctional at the very time when the US is engaged in a war with international terrorism for the hearts and minds of undecided millions.</dd><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">For years, telling America's story abroad was the mission of the US Information Agency (USIA). It was at its zenith during the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">cold war</a>, when the US and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Soviet Union</a> confronted each other. As the Soviets poured out <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Disinformation" title="Disinformation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">disinformation</a> and clamped censorship upon its satellites, the US used a wide range of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Media" title="Media" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">media</a> instruments, including powerful shortwave radio transmitters, to rebut Soviet <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Propaganda" title="Propaganda" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">propaganda</a> and convey factual information behind the Iron Curtain and throughout the world.</dd><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">As the cold war wound down, funding evaporated and by 1999, the USIA was dismantled; its slender remnants shuffled off to the State Department. Now, USIA needs to be reconstituted or replicated. <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Osama bin Laden</a> and other <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Al_Qaeda" title="Al Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Al Qaeda</a> leaders broadcast their distorted messages of hostility toward the US over <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Al_Jazeera" title="Al Jazeera" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Al Jazeera</a> and other media outlets throughout the Arab world. "Insurgents" in <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Iraq" title="Iraq" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Iraq</a> - the murderers who are campaigning against freedom - are masters of both the suicide bomb and the Internet."</dd><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">— <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Hughes" title="John Hughes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John Hughes</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/1215/p09s01-cojh.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">Needed: USIA's people-to-people message</a>, <i>CS Monitor</i>, December 15, 2004.</dd></dl><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles">Related SourceWatch articles</span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bureau_of_International_Information_Programs" title="Bureau of International Information Programs" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bureau of International Information Programs</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Global_Communications" title="Office of Global Communications" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Office of Global Communications</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Strategic_Communication" title="Office of Strategic Communication" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Office of Strategic Communication</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Strategic_Influence" title="Office of Strategic Influence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Office of Strategic Influence</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_Diplomacy" title="Public Diplomacy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Public Diplomacy</a></li></ul><h2 style="color: black; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" background="background" none="none"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" a="A" csvg="Csvg" http="http" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="cx" cy="cy" r="r" fill="fill" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">William P. Kiel, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2003_10-12/kiehl_humpty/kiehl_humpty.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" transform="transform" translate="translate" crect="Crect" x="x" y="y" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" cpath="Cpath" m831.194="M831.194" h5.234v5.391l-1.571="h5.234v5.391l-1.571" z="z" m835.424="M835.424" l.022="l.022" fg="Fg" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Can Humpty Dumpty Be Saved?"</a> <i>AmericanDiplomacy.org</i>, November 13, 2003.</li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; 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visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:J-Eib3K3axMJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency+usia+sourcewatch&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQHwgiMAA" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.Information_Agency+usia+sourcewatch&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQHwgiMAA" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Aug 11, 2008 - </span>The U.S. Information Agency (<span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span>) was established in August 1953 and operated under that name until April 1978, when its functions were ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="36" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; 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visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:PhmD_7d4uOIJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Global_Communications+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Global_Communications+usia+sourcewatch&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQHwgpMAE" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_Global_Communications+usia+sourcewatch&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQHwgpMAE" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Feb 20, 2002 - </span>The "1999 reorganization that placed the previously independent <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span> within the U.S. Department of State and cut loose international ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="43" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_F.Kordek" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">John F. Kordek - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.<b>sourcewatch</b>.org/index.php/John_F.Kordek</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=usia+sourcewatch&oq=usia+sourcewatch+&aqs=chrome..69i57.9623j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b2" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQ7B0ILTAC" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px !important; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQqR8ILjAC" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); font-size: 13px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:F74xXKQHMScJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_F.Kordek+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:F74xXKQHMScJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_F.Kordek+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Oct 2, 2007 - </span>Upon his return to Washington in 1983, Mr. Kordek was assigned as Director of <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span>operations in Latin America and the Caribbean.</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="49" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stephen_M.Chaplin" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Stephen M. Chaplin - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.<b>sourcewatch</b>.org/index.php/Stephen_M.Chaplin</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=usia+sourcewatch&oq=usia+sourcewatch+&aqs=chrome..69i57.9623j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b3" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQ7B0IMzAD" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px !important; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQqR8INDAD" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); font-size: 13px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:GFmVrNEv5jsJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stephen_M.Chaplin+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:GFmVrNEv5jsJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Stephen_M.Chaplin+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Nov 3, 2006 - </span>Mr. Chaplin worked at <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span> as a summer intern in 1966 and entered the foreign service in June, 1968. After Spanish language instruction he ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="55" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Media_Fund" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">International Media Fund - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.<b>sourcewatch</b>.org/index.php/International_Media_Fund</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=usia+sourcewatch&oq=usia+sourcewatch+&aqs=chrome..69i57.9623j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b4" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQ7B0IOTAE" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px !important; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQqR8IOjAE" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); font-size: 13px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BuBPKp1TGO0J:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Media_Fund+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Media_Fund+usia+sourcewatch&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQHwg8MAQ" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/International_Media_Fund+usia+sourcewatch&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQHwg8MAQ" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Jan 17, 2011 - </span>The International Media Fund was created in 1990 by with the aid of Marvin Stone, (former deputy director of the <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span>) and the backing of US ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="62" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/USC_Center_on_Public_Diplomacy" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">USC Center on Public Diplomacy - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.<b>sourcewatch</b>.org/index.php/USC_Center_on_Public_Diplomacy</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=usia+sourcewatch&oq=usia+sourcewatch+&aqs=chrome..69i57.9623j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b5" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQ7B0IQDAF" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; -webkit-user-select: none; 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padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:I7G4nx5jMVUJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/USC_Center_on_Public_Diplomacy+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:I7G4nx5jMVUJ:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/USC_Center_on_Public_Diplomacy+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Aug 25, 2011 - </span>3.1 Related <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">Sourcewatch</span> articles; 3.2 References ... Kimberly Marteau Emerson - Former Director of the Office of Public Liaison at the <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span> ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="68" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Operations_Coordinating_Board" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Operations Coordinating Board - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.<b>sourcewatch</b>.org/index.php/Operations_Coordinating_Board</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=usia+sourcewatch&oq=usia+sourcewatch+&aqs=chrome..69i57.9623j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b6" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQ7B0IRjAG" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px !important; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQqR8IRzAG" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); font-size: 13px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:J80vUPS9Ue0J:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Operations_Coordinating_Board+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:J80vUPS9Ue0J:www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Operations_Coordinating_Board+&cd=7&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Aug 11, 2008 - </span>From <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">SourceWatch</span> ... Deputy Secretary of Defense, the Directors of CIA, <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span>, and ICA, and the Special Assistants to the President for National ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="74" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.nfibexposed.org/index.php/User_talk:Calicocat" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">User talk:Calicocat - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv _SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.nfibexposed.org/index.php/User_talk:Calicocat</cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Mar 18, 2005 - </span>NBC Nightly News "brand" slogan mirrors "unofficial" slogan of now defunct <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span><wbr />. NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams' current branding ...</span></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 23px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="77" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://216.92.66.74/index.php/Madeleine_Albright" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Madeleine K. Albright - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">216.92.66.74/index.php/Madeleine_Albright</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 0px 3px; vertical-align: middle; -webkit-user-select: none;"><a class="Fmb ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=usia+sourcewatch&oq=usia+sourcewatch+&aqs=chrome..69i57.9623j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b8" aria-label="Result details" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQ7B0ITzAI" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; -webkit-user-select: none; border: 0px; color: rgb(128, 128, 128); box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; background-image: none;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px !important; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiwp53A7LLOAhUQ-mMKHRnlCLAQqR8IUDAI" style="border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); font-size: 13px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; -webkit-user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WUYwhk0_XTMJ:216.92.66.74/index.php/Madeleine_Albright+&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WUYwhk0_XTMJ:216.92.66.74/index.php/Madeleine_Albright+&cd=9&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px; font-size: 14px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Feb 18, 2016 - </span>According to Albright's <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span> Biography: Madeleine Korbel Albright was nominated by President Clinton on December 5, 1996 as Secretary of ...</span></a></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; font-size: small; font-family: arial, sans-serif; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 16px; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="rc" data-hveid="83" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-size: 18px; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.disinfopedia.com/index.php/Leonard_J.Baldyga" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 153); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none;">Leonard J. Baldyga - SourceWatch</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; color: rgb(84, 84, 84); line-height: 18px;"><div class="f kv SWb" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128); height: 17px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="Rm" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 33); font-style: normal; font-size: 14px;">www.disinfopedia.com/index.php/Leonard_J._Baldyga</cite></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="color: rgb(128, 128, 128);">Jan 6, 2007 - </span>"Mr. Baldyga was the recipient of the Presidential Distinguished Service Award in 1984, the Presidential Merit Service Award in 1988; the <span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(106, 106, 106);">USIA</span> ...</span></div></div></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">==</font></p><p><a href="http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/Islamic-Extremism-and-the-War-of-Ideas_Part-1.pdf"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">http://media.hoover.org/sites/default/files/documents/Islamic-Extremism-and-the-War-of-Ideas_Part-1.pdf</font></a></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">2010 35 pp</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">...</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Probably the best-known American instrument of public
diplomacy has been the Voice of America (VOA), broadcasting
by shortwave radio around the world. Launched in
1942, its first broadcasts were in German, its first director
was John Houseman, its first message: ‘‘The news may be
good or bad. We shall tell you the truth.’’ So it has over the
years, while adapting itself to FM and medium-wave radio,
television, the Internet, and new kinds of communication.
Today it broadcasts in 45 languages to 134 million people.
After World War II, and with the advent of the Cold War,
President Eisenhower in 1953 authorized a new entity, the
United States Information Agency (USIA). It embraced various
existing government information units (with the exception
of educational and cultural exchanges, which
remained under the State Department) and built a powerful
organization to counter Soviet propaganda and to ‘‘tell
America’s story to the world.’’
The USIA, with VOA operating under its aegis, mounted
a formidable, multifaceted public diplomacy operation to
implement its mission. It launched a daily wireless file to
every American embassy that clarified policy and contained
information diplomats could use in engagement with local
opinion-makers. It produced a serious publication, Problems
of Communism, which reached scholars around the
world...</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></p><h2 class="resulttitle" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-weight: normal; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.1; font-family: DDG_ProximaNova, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_0, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_1, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_2, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_3, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_4, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_5, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_6, " proxima="Proxima" nova="Nova" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" segoe="Segoe" ui="UI" nimbus="Nimbus" sans="Sans" l="L" liberation="Liberation" open="Open" freesans="FreeSans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" em="em" vertical-align="vertical-align" middle="middle" position="position" static="static" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" color="color" rgb="rgb" max-width="max-width" background-color="background-color"><a class="resulta" href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-06-28/news/9506280252_1_usia-information-agency-cold-war" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Usia</span> Fights Gop Budget-cutters For Its Life - tribunedigital ...</a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1995-06-28/news/9506280252_1_usia-information-agency-cold-war" style="margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 560px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em;" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; font-family: DDG_ProximaNova, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_0, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_1, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_2, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_3, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_4, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_5, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_6, " proxima="Proxima" nova="Nova" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" segoe="Segoe" ui="UI" nimbus="Nimbus" sans="Sans" l="L" liberation="Liberation" open="Open" freesans="FreeSans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" em="em" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Usia</span> Fights Gop Budget-cutters For Its Life. ... the U.S. Information Agency, ... activities include the globe-spanning Voice of America <span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 600; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">radio</span> ...</font></div><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.38; font-family: DDG_ProximaNova, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_0, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_1, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_2, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_3, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_4, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_5, DDG_ProximaNova_UI_6, " proxima="Proxima" nova="Nova" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" segoe="Segoe" ui="UI" nimbus="Nimbus" sans="Sans" l="L" liberation="Liberation" open="Open" freesans="FreeSans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" em="em" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</font></div><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit;" proxima="Proxima" nova="Nova" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" segoe="Segoe" ui="UI" nimbus="Nimbus" sans="Sans" l="L" liberation="Liberation" open="Open" freesans="FreeSans" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" em="em" vertical-align="vertical-align" baseline="baseline" color="color" rgb="rgb" background-color="background-color"><h2 class="resulttitle" style="line-height: 1.1; margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: middle; position: static; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%;"><a class="resulta" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/214746" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: middle; text-decoration: none; display: inline-block; max-width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">Project MUSE - </span>Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Story of the U ...</font></a><a class="resultcheck" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/article/214746" style="font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 1em 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; cursor: default; position: absolute; right: 560px; top: 0.7em; width: 1em; white-space: nowrap; speak: none; transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><span class="resultchecktt" style="margin: auto; padding: 0px 1em; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 2; vertical-align: middle; transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in-out 0s; border-radius: 1em; visibility: hidden; opacity: 0; display: inline-block; position: absolute; height: 2em; z-index: 200; bottom: 2.5em; left: -0.95em;" /></a></h2><div class="resultsnippet" style="line-height: 1.38; margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Wilson P. Dizard Jr., Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Story of the U.S. Information Agency. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. 255 pp. $49.95.</font></div><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="line-height: 20.2606px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://muse.jhu.edu/article/214746</font></span></div><div class="resultsnippet" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="front" style="padding: 0px 10px; line-height: 16.5px;"><div id="article-title" style="border-bottom: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 5px;"><div class="reviewedBy" style="font-style: italic; margin-top: 1.5em;"><em><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reviewed by</font></em></div></div><div class="contrib" style="margin: 5px 0px 10px 40px;"><a href="http://muse.jhu.edu/results?searchtype=regular&filtered_content=author&search_term=%22David%20Krugler%22" style="text-decoration: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">David Krugler</font></a></div><div class="product" style="margin: 1em 3em 0em 4em; font-weight: bold;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Wilson P. Dizard Jr., <em>Inventing Public Diplomacy: The Story of the U.S. Information Agency</em>. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2004. 255 pp. $49.95.</font></div></div><div id="body" style="padding: 0px 10px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(232, 231, 228); margin-top: 10px; line-height: 16.5px;"><p style="line-height: 1.5; text-indent: 0em; margin: 1em 0em 0em 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Over the past decade, a growing number of scholars have examined the role of propaganda and public diplomacy in the Cold War. In <em>Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945–1961</em> (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997), historian Walter L. Hixson explains how the United States was able to make a favorable impression on citizens in the Soviet bloc by deemphasizing psychological warfare methods in favor of news, cultural exhibitions, and music. Propaganda had domestic influences too. In <em>The Rhetorical Presidency, Propaganda, and the Cold War, 1945–1955</em> (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002), Shawn J. Parry-Giles explains how Presidents Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower used peacetime propaganda programs to shape political discourse at home. Other subjects that have received considerable attention include the role of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in sponsoring art festivals, Europeans' ambivalent acceptance of American culture, and the U.S. government's eagerness to use private organizations such as the Advertising Council to mold public opinion beyond U.S. borders. Collectively, these studies show that a challenge issued by Hixson has not gone unmet: "Any comprehensive explanation for the end of the East-West struggle will require serious analysis of the role played by Western cultural infiltration" (p. xv). <strong>[End Page 158]</strong></font></p><p style="line-height: 1.5; text-indent: 1em; margin: 1em 0em 0em 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Given the surge of interest in the role of propaganda and public diplomacy in U.S. foreign policy after 1945, it is surprising that no one has yet written a complete history of the United States Information Agency (USIA), the executive agency primarily responsible for the U.S. government's public diplomacy (also called cultural diplomacy) and propaganda during and after the Cold War. Thankfully, Wilson P. Dizard Jr. has filled this lacuna. Dizard is eminently qualified to write a history of USIA. His career as a public diplomat spans several decades. In 1951, he arrived in Istanbul to work for the predecessor to USIA, the State Department's U.S. Information Service. In subsequent postings, whether mingling with Pakistani dignitaries, driving a jeep loaded with films and books down a rough Burmese road, or working in USIA's Washington headquarters, Dizard helped tell America's story to the world. Dizard has also written several earlier books about public diplomacy. His first book, <em>The Strategy of Truth: The Story of the U.S. Information Service,</em> appeared in 1961, just eight years after Dwight Eisenhower created the USIA. We might consider <em>The Strategy of Truth</em> a prequel in which a young but seasoned public diplomat set out to describe the fledgling agency's shift from shrill propaganda to the content, tone, and programs that Walter Hixson later found to be effective. Dizard, like Dean Acheson, was present at the creation, and he has drawn on a half-century of experience to produce an important work. In addition to reviewing the antecedents of USIA, Dizard assesses the agency's "contribution to the United States' worldwide ideological impact" (p. xiv) and the agency's sometimes difficult collaboration with American commercial media, cultural groups, and exporters. Dizard's definitive history closes with a chapter offering thoughts about the future of public diplomacy. Counseling against "crash-project solutions" (p. 226), Dizard recommends that the U.S. government adapt public diplomacy to the new information age, particularly the Internet, to explain its foreign policy and support its commitment to the unimpeded flow of information and culture.</font></p><p style="line-height: 1.5; text-indent: 1em; margin: 1em 0em 0em 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">USIA had a troubled beginning, to say the least. In early 1953 the new secretary of state, John Foster Dulles, who was anxious to sever information and cultural programs from the State Department, stood aside as Senator Joseph McCarthy staged televised hearings in which former and current employees of Voice of America (VOA) dished out sensational if bewildering stories. The accusers claimed, among other things, that the head of religious programming was an atheist and that someone on the French desk was recruiting members for a "free-love" commune. McCarthy spun these false allegations into "evidence" of Communist subversion and dispatched Roy Cohn, the counsel for the permanent subcommittee...</font></p></div></div></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">==</font></p>