Haldeman

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman</a>

Harry Robbins "Bob" Haldeman (publicly known as H. R. Haldeman; October 27, 1926–November 12, 1993) was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> political aide and businessman, best known for his service as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> and for his role in events leading to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_burglaries" title="Watergate burglaries">Watergate burglaries</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_scandal" title="Watergate scandal">Watergate scandal</a> — for which he was found guilty of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspiracy_%28crime%29" title="Conspiracy (crime)">conspiracy</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" title="Obstruction of justice">obstruction of justice</a>. He was imprisoned for 18 months for his crimes. In the popular press, Haldeman was sometimes erroneously identified as "H. Robert Haldeman." In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, he had several nicknames, such as "The Brush" for his distinctive <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattop" title="Flattop">flattop haircut</a>, "the President's son-of-a-bitch," for his rigid ways and "the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>" as a play on his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German-American" title="German-American" class="mw-redirect">German-American</a> background.

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<h2>Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#" class="internal" id="togglelink">hide</a>]</div>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#Early_life">1 Early life</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#Career_in_the_Nixon_administration">2 Career in the Nixon administration</a>

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<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#Role_in_Watergate">2.1 Role in Watergate</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#Later_life">3 Later life</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#Death">4 Death</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#References">6 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#External_links">7 External links</a></li>

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<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life">edit</a>] Early life</h2>

Haldeman was born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles,California" title="Los Angeles, California" class="mw-redirect">Los Angeles, California</a>, the son of socially prominent parents. His father, Harry Francis Haldeman, founded and ran a successful heating and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> supply company, and gave time and financial support to local <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party%28United_States%29" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> causes.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_note-nytimes-0">[1]</a> His mother, Katherine (née Robbins), was a longtime volunteer with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_Army" title="Salvation Army" class="mw-redirect">Salvation Army</a> and other philanthropic organizations. His grandfather, Harry Marston Haldeman, co-founded the Better American Federation of California and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Oz_Film_Manufacturing_Company" title="The Oz Film Manufacturing Company">The Oz Film Manufacturing Company</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_note-nytimes-0">[1]</a> Young Haldeman and his siblings Tom and Betsy were raised as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Christ,Scientist" title="Church of Christ, Scientist">Christian Scientists</a>. Known to his peers as a "straight arrow," he sported his trademark flat-top haircut from his high school years, enjoyed discussions of ethics, and achieved the rank of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle_Scout%28Boy_Scouts_of_America%29" title="Eagle Scout (Boy Scouts of America)">Eagle Scout</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_note-HaldemanEagle-1">[2]</a> He attended Harvard School, during which time he met Jo (Joanne) Horton, who was a student at Marlborough School. They married in 1949.

A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy_Reserve" title="United States Navy Reserve">Naval Reserve</a> veteran, Haldeman attended the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Redlands" title="University of Redlands">University of Redlands</a>, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a> and graduated from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a> in 1948, where he was a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta_Theta_Pi" title="Beta Theta Pi">Beta Theta Pi</a> fraternity. At UCLA, he met <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ehrlichman" title="John Ehrlichman">John Ehrlichman</a>, who would become a close friend and colleague in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_administration" title="Nixon administration" class="mw-redirect">Nixon administration</a>. After graduation, he spent 20 years working for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWT" title="JWT">J. Walter Thompson</a> advertising agency in both Los Angeles and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>; other employees of this firm during this period included <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Ziegler" title="Ronald Ziegler" class="mw-redirect">Ronald Ziegler</a>, who went on to serve as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Press_Secretary" title="White House Press Secretary">White House Press Secretary</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon_administration" title="Nixon administration" class="mw-redirect">Nixon administration</a>.

Haldeman served as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Regents of the University of California">Regent</a> of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> from 1967 to 1968.

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career in the Nixon administration">edit</a>] Career in the Nixon administration</h2>

Nixon and Haldeman first met in the 1950s. Haldeman served as an advance man to Nixon during his 1956 campaign for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> and then as Chief of Advance Men in Nixon's unsuccessful <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,1960" title="United States presidential election, 1960">1960 presidential campaign</a>. Haldeman then served as campaign manager in Nixon's unsuccessful <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_gubernatorial_election,1962" title="California gubernatorial election, 1962">1962 California gubernatorial campaign</a>. He joined Nixon's successful <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1968" title="United States presidential election, 1968">1968 presidential campaign</a> underway as Chief of Staff and was credited with presenting a revitalized Nixon to the public, using the experience of his many years in advertising.

Nixon named Haldeman as his first <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Chief_of_Staff" title="White House Chief of Staff">White House Chief of Staff</a>.

When Haldeman's appointment to the White House was announced, Robert Rutland, a close personal friend and eminent presidential scholar, urged him to start keeping a daily diary recording the major events of each day and Haldeman's thoughts on them. Haldeman took this suggestion and started keeping and maintaining a daily diary throughout his entire career in the Nixon White House (January 18, 1969 to April 30, 1973). The full text of the diaries is almost 750,000 words.

He and Ehrlichman were called "the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>" by other White House staffers in a play on their German family names and shared penchant for keeping others away from Nixon and serving as his "gatekeepers." They became Nixon's most loyal and trusted aides during his presidency. Both were ruthless[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]in protecting what they regarded as Nixon's best interests. Haldeman once said he was proud to be "Richard Nixon's son of a bitch",[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] as he never shied away from firing staffers in person.

<h3>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Role in Watergate">edit</a>] Role in Watergate</h3>

Haldeman was one of many key figures in the Watergate scandal. The unexplained <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_tapes#18.C2.BD_minute_gap_tape" title="Watergate tapes">18½-minute gap</a> in Nixon's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oval_Office" title="Oval Office">Oval Office</a> recordings occurred during a discussion that included the President and Haldeman. After damaging testimony from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House_Counsel" title="White House Counsel">White House Counsel</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dean" title="John Dean">John Dean</a>, Nixon requested the resignations of Haldeman and Ehrlichman in what has been described as a long and emotional meeting at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David" title="Camp David">Camp David</a>. Dean was fired and the resignations were announced on April 30, 1973. In a phone conversation shortly after the resignations, Nixon told Haldeman that he loved him like his brother.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_note-2">[3]</a> On the eve of Nixon's resignation, Haldeman asked for a full <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardon" title="Pardon">pardon</a> along with a full pardon of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_dodger" title="Draft dodger">draft dodgers</a>. He argued that pardoning the dodgers would take some of the heat off him. Nixon refused.

On January 1, 1975, Haldeman was convicted of conspiracy and obstruction of justice. He was sentenced to serve 2½ to 8 years, reduced to 1 to 4 years after appeal. In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lompoc_Federal_Correctional_Complex" title="Lompoc Federal Correctional Complex" class="mw-redirect">Lompoc Federal Prison</a>, he worked as a chemist in the sewage treatment facility. After serving 18 months, Haldeman was released on parole, December 20, 1978.

"The Berlin Wall" of Ehrlichman and Haldeman on April 27, 1973, three days before they would be asked to resign.</div>

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<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later life">edit</a>] Later life</h2>

In his post-White House years, he went on to a successful career as a businessman, taking an interest in hotels, development, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a>, and chain restaurants in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, among other investments. He was also a successful consultant to several <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Start-up_company" title="Start-up company" class="mw-redirect">start-up companies</a>.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]

In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_in_literature" title="1978 in literature">1978</a>, he co-authored The Ends of Power with Joseph Di Mona, in which he took responsibility for fostering the atmosphere in which Watergate flourished, a stark contrast from Ehrlichman, who never forgave Nixon for not pardoning him. Also in the book, Haldeman explained Nixon's statement in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watergate_tapes" title="Watergate tapes">Watergate tapes</a> that Watergate could "open up the whole <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs</a> thing". Haldeman said that "Bay of Pigs" was a reference to the assassination of President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>. Using this information, director <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Stone" title="Oliver Stone">Oliver Stone</a>, in his 1995 film <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nixon%28film%29" title="Nixon (film)">Nixon</a>, in which Haldeman was portrayed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Woods" title="James Woods">James Woods</a>, speculated that the missing 18½ minutes of tape may have contained a discussion concerning a cover-up of the Kennedy assassination.

<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Death">edit</a>] Death</h2>

On November 12, 1993, after refusing medical treatment in accordance with his Christian Science beliefs, Haldeman died of undisclosed causes, sometimes reported as abdominal <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a>, at his home in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>. His remains were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremated" title="Cremated" class="mw-redirect">cremated</a> and scattered at a site that has not been revealed. He was survived by his wife of almost 45 years, Jo, and their four children - Susan, Harry (Hank), Peter, and Ann. Upon his death Richard Nixon issued a statement, "I have known Bob Haldeman to be a man of rare intelligence, strength, integrity and courage. He played an indispensable role in turbulent times as our Administration undertook a broad range of initiatives at home and abroad."

Haldeman's White House diaries were released posthumously as The Haldeman Diaries in 1994. The book includes an introduction and afterword by noted historian <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_E._Ambrose" title="Stephen E. Ambrose">Stephen E. Ambrose</a>.

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<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Sandwedge" title="Operation Sandwedge">Operation Sandwedge</a></li>

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<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>] References</h2>

<li id="cite_note-nytimes-0">^ <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_ref-nytimes_0-0">a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_ref-nytimes_0-1">b</a> Severo, Richard (November 13, 1993). <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/13/obituaries/h-r-haldeman-nixon-aide-who-had-central-role-in-watergate-is-dead-at-67.html?pagewanted=2" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"H. R. Haldeman, Nixon Aide Who Had Central Role in Watergate, Is Dead at 67"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2010.</li>

<li id="cite_note-HaldemanEagle-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_ref-HaldemanEagle_1-0">^</a> <a href="http://www.ford.utexas.edu/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/content.php?section=2&page=b&person=3" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"H.R. (Bob) Haldeman (1926–1993)"</a>. The Watergate Files. Univ. of Texas. Retrieved 2006-11-08.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.R.Haldeman#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rm5FIs9V0VA" class="external text" rel="nofollow">"YouTube - NIXON TAPES: Nixon Drunk over Watergate (Haldeman)"</a>. Retrieved 2009-07-08.</li>

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<ul>

<li>Haldeman, H. R. (1994). The Haldeman Diaries: Inside the Nixon White House. New York: Putnam. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-879371-86-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-879371-86-6">978-1-879371-86-6</a>.</li>

<li><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/watergate/haldeman.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Washington Post profile of Haldeman</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&contentId=A99231-1993Nov13&notFound=true" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Washington Post Haldeman Obituary</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.fordlibrarymuseum.gov/museum/exhibits/watergate_files/index.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Ford Library & Museum:The Watergate Files</a></li>

<li><a href="http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/10/hr-haldeman.html" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: H.R. Haldeman</a></li>

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<h2>[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H.R.Haldeman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>] External links</h2>

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<li><a href="http://www.TurkewitzLaw.com/watergate/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Watergate trial of H.R. Haldeman, courtroom sketches.</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKhaldeman.htm" class="external text" rel="nofollow">Spartacus Educational Biography</a></li>

<li><a href="http://folkways.si.edu/albumdetails.aspx?itemid=1056/" class="external text" rel="nofollow">The Testimony of John Ehrlichman & H. R. Haldeman</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Folkways" title="Smithsonian Folkways">Smithsonian Folkways</a></li>

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Haldeman

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