cybernetic systems theory

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</div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://theconversation.com/what-is-chaos-a-complex-systems-scientist-explains-169423">https://theconversation.com/what-is-chaos-a-complex-systems-scientist-explains-169423</a></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Chaos evokes images of the dinosaurs running wild in Jurassic Park, or my friend’s toddler ravaging the living room.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">In a chaotic world, you never know what to expect. Stuff is happening all the time, driven by any kind of random impulse.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">But chaos has a deeper meaning in connection to physics and climate science, related to how certain systems – like the weather or the behavior of a toddler – are fundamentally unpredictable.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Scientists define chaos as the amplified effects of tiny changes in the present moment that lead to long-term unpredictability. Picture two almost identical storylines. In one version, two people bump into each other in a train station; but in the other, the train arrives 10 seconds earlier and the meeting never happens. From then on, the two plot lines might be totally different.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent; color: inherit; font-family: Montserrat; font-size: 1.125rem; letter-spacing: initial; text-transform: initial;">Usually those little details don’t matter, but sometimes tiny differences have consequences that keep compounding. And that compounding is what leads to chaos.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">A shocking series of discoveries in the 1960s and ‘70s showed just how easy it is to create chaos. Nothing could be more predictable than the swinging pendulum of a grandfather clock. But if you separate a pendulum halfway down by adding another axle, the swinging becomes <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Z8wLLPNE0" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">wildly unpredictable</a>.</p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 23px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Chaos is different from random</h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">As <a href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=suSGxQ8AAAAJ&hl=en&oi=ao" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">a complex systems scientist</a>, I think a lot about <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/11/drove-not-drived/544595/" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">what is random</a>.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">What’s the difference between a pack of cards and the weather?</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">You can’t predict your next poker hand – if you could, they’d throw you out of the casino – whereas you can probably guess tomorrow’s weather. But what about the weather two weeks from now? Or a year from now?</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Randomness, like cards or dice, is unpredictable because we just don’t have the right information. Chaos is somewhere between random and predictable. A hallmark of chaotic systems is predictability in the short term that breaks down quickly over time, as in river rapids or <a href="https://doi.org/10.2307/1940591" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">ecosystems</a>.<a class="source" href="https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/photo/seasons-in-a-park-royalty-free-image/1160011332" style="background-color: transparent; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11px; color: rgb(204, 204, 204); text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word; display: inline; max-width: 100%;">ges</a></p><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 23px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-rendering: optimizelegibility; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Why chaos theory matters</h2><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">Isaac Newton envisioned physics as a set of rules governing a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clockwork_universe" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">clockwork universe</a> – rules that, once set in motion, would lead to a predetermined outcome. But chaos theory proves that even the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_effect" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">strictest rules and nearly perfect information can lead</a> to unpredictable outcomes.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">This realization has practical applications for deciding what kinds of things are predictable at all. Chaos is why no weather app can tell you the weather two weeks from now – it’s just impossible to know.</p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 18px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; font-size: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; color: rgb(56, 56, 56); font-family: "Libre Baskerville", Georgia, Times, "Times New Roman", serif;">On the other hand, broader predictions can still be possible. We can’t forecast the weather a year from now, but we still know what the weather is like this time of year. That’s how <a href="https://theconversation.com/warming-is-clearly-visible-in-new-us-climate-normal-datasets-159684" style="color: rgb(56, 56, 56); outline: none; white-space: pre-wrap; overflow-wrap: break-word;">climate can be predictable</a> even when the weather isn’t. Theories of chaos and randomness help scientists sort out which kinds of predictions make sense and which don’t.</p></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://theconversation.com/winners-of-2021-nobel-prize-in-physics-built-mathematics-of-climate-modeling-making-predictions-of-global-warming-and-modern-weather-forecasting-possible-169329">https://theconversation.com/winners-of-2021-nobel-prize-in-physics-built-mathematics-of-climate-modeling-making-predictions-of-global-warming-and-modern-weather-forecasting-possible-169329</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">no lnx grfx</font></font></font></font></div><div>
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</div><div><b>The Earth’s weather and climate interactions form one of the most complex systems imaginable.</b> NASA/Joshua Stevens/Earth Observatory via Flickr, CC BY-NC]</div><div>
</div><div><b>Winners of 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics built mathematics of climate modeling, making predictions of global warming and modern weather forecasting possible</b></div><div>October 5, 2021 9.46pm EDT</div><div>
</div><div>David Randall</div><div>University Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University</div><div>
</div><div>Disclosure statement</div><div>David Randall receives funding from the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.</div><div>
</div><div>Partners</div><div>Colorado State University</div><div>
</div><div>Colorado State University provides funding as a member of The Conversation US.</div><div>
</div><div>As a climate scientist myself, I was excited to learn that Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi have been awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics. I first met Manabe when I was a graduate student in the early 1970s, so I was particularly pleased that the prize recognizes the profound importance of Manabe’s decadeslong work on the creation of climate models, as well as the application of those models to understand how increasing levels of greenhouse gases have led to global warming.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">A diagram showing an image of clouds, trees, land, ice and oceans all interconnected.]</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>Climate and weather are influenced by many interconnected systems that all influence one another.</b> Femkemilene via WikimediaCommons, CC BY-SA]</div><div>
</div><div>How complicated is the weather and climate system?</div><div>Weather is what you see hour to hour and day to day. Weather involves just the atmosphere. Climate is the average weather over decades and is influenced by the oceans and the land surfaces.</div><div>
</div><div>Weather and climate are complicated because they involve many different physical processes – from the motion of air to the flow of electromagnetic radiation, such as sunlight, to the condensation of water vapor – across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales.</div><div>
</div><div>The system is incredibly complex and interconnected. For example, a cluster of small thunderstorms can influence a weather system that spans a continent.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Before about 1955, weather forecasters extrapolated future weather from changes over the previous days. They used simple but labor-intensive methods that were partly quantitative and partly based on experience</b>.</div><div>
</div><div>An drawing of Earth divided into grids and also showing energy interactions.]</div><div>
</div><div>Climate models take data from today, break it into smaller three–dimensional chunks and run that data through complicated calculations to predict the future. NOAA via Wikimedia Commons]</div><div>
</div><div><b>The birth of climate models</b></div><div><b>By the late 1950s, it became possible to make forecasts by running weather models on just-emerging but rapidly improving digital computers. </b>A weather model is a system of equations that expresses the physical laws that govern weather. “Running” a weather model means solving the equations on a computer, using data from today’s weather to predict tomorrow’s weather.</div><div>
</div><div>Partly because of computer limitations, the first weather models could only cover portions of the Earth – like North America, for example. But by the early 1960s, faster computers made it possible to create models representing the whole global atmosphere.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Manabe led the development of one such model, building an interconnected web of thousands of equations that could simulate climate and climate change.</b></div><div>
</div><div>With this model, Manabe and his colleagues were able to produce fairly realistic simulations of such things as jet streams and monsoons. While modern global weather prediction and climate models are much more powerful, they can be viewed as descendants of Manabe’s early model.</div><div>
</div><div>When Manabe began his work in the early 1960s, some scientists had already pointed out the possibility that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide could lead to global warming. In 1967, Manabe and colleague Richard Wetherald used a simplified version of their climate model to perform the first quantitative study of the effects of increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In addition to confirming that carbon dioxide increases global temperatures, they also found that increased water vapor content in warmer air amplifies overall warming because water vapor itself is a greenhouse gas.</div><div>
</div><div>Making predictions</div><div>
</div><div>Syukuro Manabe was one of the earliest researchers to use climate models to study global warming. Bengt Nyman/WIkimedia Commons, CC BY]</div><div>
</div><div>Climate involves both the oceans and the atmosphere, but early models had not united the two. <b>In 1969, Manabe and his oceanographer colleague Kirk Bryan built the first climate model to include both the oceans and the atmosphere.</b></div><div>
</div><div>Building on that progress, in 1975 Manabe and Wetherald published results from a simulation of global warming using a global climate model. In this simulation, they doubled the molar fraction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 300 parts per million volume to 600 parts per million volume and let the model crunch the numbers.</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">Nearly 50 years ago, they predicted the overall warming of the Earth’s surface, much stronger warming in the Arctic, a decrease in ice and snow cover, an increase in the average global rate of precipitation and a cooling of the stratosphere. During the 1980s, Manabe’s team also used their models to identify the possibility of increased dryness over some continental regions.</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>All of those predictions have now come true.</b></div><div>
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</div><div>Modern weather and climate models are far more powerful than the models of old and can be used to make both long–term and short–term predictions.</div><div>
</div><div>Linking climate, weather and chaos</div><div>
</div><div>The work of the other winners of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics, Hasselman and Parisi, followed on the heels of Manabe’s early research and shows how large–scale interactions across the globe give rise to the chaotic and hard-to-predict behavior of the climate system on day-to-day time scales.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Parisi studied the role of chaos in a wide variety of physical systems and showed that even <b>chaotic systems </b>behave in an orderly fashion. His mathematical theories are central to producing more accurate representations of chaotic climate systems.</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>Hasselman filled in another gap by helping to further connect climate and weather. He showed that the highly variable and seemingly random weather of the atmosphere gets converted into much more slowly changing signals in the ocean. These large–scale, slow changes to the oceans in turn then modulate the climate.</b></div><div>
</div><div>In combination, the work of Manabe, Hasselman and Parisi has enabled scientists to predict how the chaotic, coupled behavior of the atmosphere, oceans and land surfaces will change over time. While detailed long-range weather forecasts are not possible, humanity’s ability to understand this complicated system is an incredible achievement. As I see it, Manabe, Hasselman and Parisi are richly deserving of the Nobel Prize in Physics.</div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">losing earth not all here? eg see wm reilly</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sununu had suspected that the greenhouse effect belonged to this nefarious cabal since </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">1975, when the anthropologist<b> Margaret Mead </b>convened a symposium on the subject at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> “Unless the peoples of the world can begin to understand the immense and long-term consequences of what appear to be small immediate choices,” Mead wrote, “the whole planet may become endangered.</span>” Her conclusions were stark, immediate and absent the caveats that hobbled the scientific literature. Or as Sununu saw it, she showed her hand: “Never before have the governing bodies of the world been faced with decisions so far-reaching,” Mead wrote. “It is inevitable that there will be a clash between those concerned with immediate problems and those who concern themselves with long-term consequences.” <b>When Mead talked about “far-reaching” decisions and “long-term consequences,” Sununu heard the marching of jackboots.</b></font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In April, the director of the<b> O.M.B., Richard Darman, a close ally of Sununu’</b>s, <b>mentioned that the NASA scientist James Hansen, who had forced the issue of global warming onto the national agenda the previous summer, was going to testify again — this time at a hearing called by Al Gore</b>. Darman had the testimony and described it. Sununu was appalled: Hansen’s language seemed extreme, based on scientific arguments that he considered, as he later put it, like “technical garbage.”</font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">While Sununu and Darman reviewed Hansen’s statements,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> </span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">the E.P.A. administrator, William K. Reilly, took a new proposal to the White House. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The next meeting of the I.P.C.C.’s working group was scheduled for Geneva the following month, in May; it was the perfect occasion, Reilly argued, to take a stronger stand on climate change. Bush should demand a global treaty to reduce carbon emissions.</span></b></font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sununu disagreed. </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It would be foolish, he said, to let the nation stumble into a binding agreement on questionable scientific merits, especially as it would compel some unknown quantity of economic pain.</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> They went back and forth. Reilly didn’t want to cede leadership on the issue to the European powers; after all, the first high-level diplomatic meeting on climate change, to which Reilly was invited, would take place just a few months later in the Netherlands.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Statements of caution would make the “environmental president” look like a hypocrite and hurt the United States’ leverage in a negotiation</span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> But Sununu wouldn’t budge. He ordered the American delegates not to make any commitment in Geneva. Very soon after that, someone leaked the exchange to the press.</span></b></font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Sununu, blaming Reilly, was furious.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> When accounts of his argument with Reilly appeared in The Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post ahead of the Geneva I.P.C.C. meeting, they made the White House look as if it didn’t know what it was doing.</span></b></font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>
</b></font></div><div style="font-size: small;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">A deputy of Jim Baker pulled Reilly aside. He said he had a message from Baker, who had observed Reilly’s infighting with Sununu. “In the long run,” the deputy warned Reilly, “you never beat the White House.”...</b></font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://ic.ucsc.edu/college8core/c8wiki/index.php/Category:Systems_Thinking"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://ic.ucsc.edu/college8core/c8wiki/index.php/Category:Systems_Thinking</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="http://www.fritjofcapra.net/" class="external text" title="http://www.fritjofcapra.net/" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(253, 154, 38); text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" font-family="font-family" georgia="Georgia" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size">Fritjof Capra</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> is author of The Tao of Physics, Uncommon Wisdom, The Turning Point, Belonging to the Universe and The Web of Life. He is director of the Center for Ecoliteracy.</span><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0385476760/ref=sib_dp_ptu#reader-link" class="external text" title="http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0385476760/ref=sib dp ptu#reader-link" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(253, 154, 38); text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" font-family="font-family" georgia="Georgia" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size">The Web of Life</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">book 1996. </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o_MDRI-Q76o&feature=related" class="external text" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o MDRI-Q76o&feature=related" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(253, 154, 38); text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" font-family="font-family" georgia="Georgia" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size">"Eco-Literacy, The Systems View of Life (video)</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> a </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLiRXM2oZ_U" class="external text" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TLiRXM2oZ U" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(253, 154, 38); text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" font-family="font-family" georgia="Georgia" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size">2010 interview</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> (video). </span><i style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb">The Web of Life : A New Scientific Understanding of Living Systems</i><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> S&E Stacks QH501 .C375 1996 </span><i style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"></i><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> </span><a href="http://library.fora.tv/2007/11/18/Fritjof_Capra_Science_of_Leonardo" class="external text" title="http://library.fora.tv/2007/11/18/Fritjof Capra Science of Leonardo" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(253, 154, 38); text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" font-family="font-family" georgia="Georgia" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size">The Science of Leonardo</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> (video talk). </span><a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz8cVS8LoO7OM0xIYkY4M1BId3c/view" class="external text" title="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Bz8cVS8LoO7OM0xIYkY4M1BId3c/view" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; color: rgb(253, 154, 38); text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" lock_icon.gif="lock_icon.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" font-family="font-family" georgia="Georgia" lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size">2014 interview</a><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " lucida="Lucida" grande="Grande" verdana="Verdana" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"> (text).</span></div><div><p style="margin: 1em 0px; unicode-bidi: embed;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.joannamacy.net/html/about.html" class="external text" title="http://www.joannamacy.net/html/about.html" rel="nofollow" style="background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" rgb="rgb" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right"><b>Joanna Macy</b></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> is an "eco-philosopher, is a scholar of Buddhism, general systems theory, and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_ecology" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep ecology" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" external.png="external.png" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">deep ecology</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (short </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2gZ6FRhc3w&feature=related" class="external text" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2gZ6FRhc3w&feature=related" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" external.png="external.png" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">video definition</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">). A respected voice in movements for peace, justice, and ecology, she interweaves her scholarship with four decades of activism. She has created a ground-breaking theoretical framework for personal and social change, as well as a powerful workshop methodology for its application." Video on </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwlXTAT8rLk" class="external text" title="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwlXTAT8rLk" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" external.png="external.png" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">Great Turning</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px;">Coming Back to Life : Practice to Reconnect Our Lives, Our World</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="http://www.newsociety.com/var/storage/blurbs/9780865717756_excerpt.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.newsociety.com/var/storage/blurbs/9780865717756 excerpt.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" external.png="external.png" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">(updated 2015 intro download</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">) / Joanna Macy, Molly Young Brown 1998 Location McH Stacks GF80 .M33 1998. Excerpt:</span><a href="http://ic.ucsc.edu/college8core/protected/macy001.pdf" class="external text" title="http://ic.ucsc.edu/college8core/protected/macy001.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" external.png="external.png" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">Macy, J. and Brown, M.</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> provide a good introduction as well, relating systems thinking to spiritual practices. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; font-weight: bolder;"></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (login required). </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrCPVtf0bWA" class="external text" title="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mrCPVtf0bWA" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" lock_icon.gif="lock_icon.gif" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">2014 Bioneers keynote</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> video. </span><a href="http://www.questformeaning.org/quest-article/working-environmental-despair-excerpt/" class="external text" title="http://www.questformeaning.org/quest-article/working-environmental-despair-excerpt/" rel="nofollow" style="background-image: url(" external.png="external.png" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" margin="margin" px="px" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right">Working Through Environmental Despair</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (Excerpt, audio and text).</span></font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donella_Meadows" class="external text" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donella Meadows" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Donella Meadows</a> archive of her <a href="http://www.sustainer.org/?page_id=90" class="external text" title="http://www.sustainer.org/?page id=90" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">articles</a>, one of the best being the <a href="http://www.donellameadows.org/archives/leverage-points-places-to-intervene-in-a-system/" class="external text" title="http://www.donellameadows.org/archives/leverage-points-places-to-intervene-in-a-system/" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">12 Leverage Points</a>. <span style="margin: 0px; font-weight: bolder;"></span> See also her 2008 book <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=JSgOSP1qklUC&dq=thinking+in+systems&source=gbs_navlinks_s" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=JSgOSP1qklUC&dq=thinking in systems&source=gbs navlinks s" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Thinking in Systems: A Primer</a> <a href="http://thinkinginsystems.org/toc.html" class="external text" title="http://thinkinginsystems.org/toc.html" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Table of Contents</a>. A summary of the conclusion: <a href="http://www.ioia.net/images/pdf/DancingWithSystemsDMeadows.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.ioia.net/images/pdf/DancingWithSystemsDMeadows.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Dancing With Systems</a>. Meadows was also part of a team of three scientists from MIT in 1972 who created a computer model that analyzed global resource consumption and production. Their results shocked the world and created stirring conversation about global 'overshoot,' or resource use beyond the carrying capacity of the planet. Now, preeminent environmental scientists Donnella Meadows, Jorgen Randers, and Dennis Meadows <a href="http://media.globalpublicmedia.com/RM/2004/10/Meadows.FSN.20041009.mp3" class="external text" title="http://media.globalpublicmedia.com/RM/2004/10/Meadows.FSN.20041009.mp3" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">audio interview 2004</a> have teamed up again to update and expand their original findings in <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=QRyQiINGW6oC&dq=meadows+%22limits+to+growth%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=QRyQiINGW6oC&dq=meadows " limits="limits" to="to" growth="growth" source="gbs" navlinks="navlinks" s="s" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">The Limits to Growth</a>: <i style="margin: 0px;">The 30 Year Global Update</i>. <a href="http://www.clubofrome.at/about/limitstogrowth.pdf" class="external text" title="http://www.clubofrome.at/about/limitstogrowth.pdf" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">summary pdf</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 1em 0px; unicode-bidi: embed; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peter Senge <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ntwzzMx-MzQC&dq=inauthor:%22Peter+M.+Senge%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s" class="external text" title="http://books.google.com/books?id=ntwzzMx-MzQC&dq=inauthor:" peter="Peter" m="M" senge="Senge" source="gbs" navlinks="navlinks" s="s" rel="nofollow" style="margin: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" external.png="external.png" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">The Necessary Revolution</a>: Working Together to Create a Sustainable World by Bryan Smith, Peter M. Senge, Nina Kruschwitz, Joe Laur, Sara Schley.</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>http://www.alternet.org/environment/smart-city-20-transforming-cities-self-learning-self-modulating-organisms</div><div></div></div></div>