uni blake tox
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</font></div><div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>covid // partic holo</b></font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">icn 820</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">...As Covid-19 cases and fatalities were escalating in the United States, the Trump administration took several actions on pollution that—in the researchers' view—lent urgency to their work. On March 26, EPA Administrator Wheeler took the extraordinary step of announcing a </span><a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/27032020/coronavirus-covid-19-EPA-API-environmental-enforcement" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">suspension of environmental law enforcement</a> because of Covid-19—relief that had been sought by the oil and gas industry. Wheeler insisted that companies were only being relieved of reporting requirements, not their pollution limits.<b> But in fact, without self-reporting by the companies EPA would not know whether they were violating pollution limits or not.</b></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">On March 30, the EPA finalized a rollback in vehicle fuel economy standards, a step the administration's own </span><a href="https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/final_safe_fria_web_version_200701.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">regulatory analysis concluded</a> would increase <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/7002365-Final-FIA-for-SAFE-Page-1985.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">adverse health impacts</a> due to PM 2.5. Meanwhile, any day Wheeler was expected to open for public comment his decision not to strengthen the national air quality standard for PM 2.5. </font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"At the time of a pandemic that attacks the lungs, it's really inconceivable not to clean the air," Dominici said. "I wanted to put this study out there as soon as possible—considering all of the limitations, and being very open about discussing the limitations—to raise the urgency and the importance of this issue.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We are in the middle of a pandemic, which honestly, we don't know how to fight, even without what I think are really unwise decisions by the Trump administration," she said.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dominici checked with some of the major scientific journals, and was assured that they would still be eligible to submit their manuscript for peer review and publication if it was posted as a preprint first.</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In New York, mobile morgues were set up outside strained hospitals. U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams said that it would be the "hardest and the saddest" week for "most Americans' lives."</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Shortly after 8 a.m. on April 7, New York City's </span><a href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/covid/covid-19-data.page" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">deadliest day</a> in the pandemic, with 597 coronavirus fatalities, the Harvard team's study was posted on MedRxiv. The paper didn't mention the Trump administration by name, but took its Covid enforcement policy to task.</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">"Despite the inherent limitations of the ecological study design, our results </span>underscore the importance of continuing to enforce existing air pollution regulations to protect human health both during and after the COVID-19 crisis," the authors wrote.</b></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">By noon, </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The New York Times </em>posted <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/07/climate/air-pollution-coronavirus-covid.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">a story</a> about the new study, noting it could have "far-reaching implications" in regard to the Trump administration's environmental rollbacks.</font></p><h3 style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.333;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Controversy, and a Revision of Findings</font></h3><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reaction to the Harvard study was swift, and divided.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Joe Biden, then close to securing the Democratic presidential nomination (Bernie Sanders would drop out of the race the next day), shared the </span><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Times</em> story on Twitter.</b> "We're starting to see evidence that long-term exposure to air pollution—which disproportionately affects communities of color & low-income communities—is linked to COVID-19 death rates," he <a href="https://twitter.com/JoeBiden/status/1247699431442370561?s=20" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent;">posted.</a> "It's past time we treat pollution like the threat to our health it is."</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><b>Fifteen environmental groups cited the Harvard research in the lawsuit they filed the following week against the Trump administration over its pandemic-related rollback of environmental enforcement</b>. "EPA's policy is especially dangerous in light of recent research showing that increased air pollution causes a statistically significant increase in the COVID-19 death rate," said the </span><a href="https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/complaint-epa-non-enforcement-20200416.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent;">complaint</a> led by the Natural Resources Defense Council. </font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Meanwhile, former coal industry executiv<b>e Steve Milloy,</b> who served on Trump's EPA transition team and is a vocal supporter of the president's environmental rollbacks, blasted the study as "totally absurd" on his web site, </span><a href="https://junkscience.com/2020/04/harvard-howler-study-claims-pm2-5-increases-risk-of-death-from-covid19/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">junkscience.com</a>. He repeated his oft-stated position, which conflicted with the consensus science and even the stance of Trump's EPA, that PM 2.5's link to premature death was not "biologically plausible." </font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For his part, EPA Administrator Wheeler dismissed the Harvard results as preliminary, then lit into the researchers.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"We look forward to reviewing the Harvard study once it's completed and peer reviewed, but at this point, it's not," he said on April 14, the day he announced his long-anticipated decision not to strengthen the air quality standard for PM 2.5.</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"I have to say, at least in the press, that the scientists seem to have a bias," Wheeler added.</b> "They are talking about our enforcement discretion memo, and either they didn't read it or they didn't understand it." Wheeler repeated that there would be no pollution increase due to the enforcement memo, an assertion impossible to document at that point. </font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dominici, in an interview, defended the rigor of the team's scientific results, given the limitations of the available data. But she bristled at the notion that concern over the health impacts of air pollution was an improper bias.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"I've worked with EPA and I've been funded by EPA," said Dominici. "My own bias is that I'm biased in favor of protecting the public. And I'm biased in favor of protecting the most vulnerable. So yes, you know, this is a bias I'm really proud to have."</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But the Harvard researchers also faced criticism from within the scientific community.</b></font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Two scientists who have published extensively on the associations between air pollution and adverse health effects said the Harvard research had so many shortcomings they were not convinced of its results. In an essay on April 21 for </span><a href="https://theconversation.com/air-pollution-covid-19-and-death-the-perils-of-bypassing-peer-review-136376" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">The Conversation,</a> Paul Villeneuve, an epidemiologist at Carleton University, and Mark Goldberg, a professor of medicine at McGill University, noted why county-level data was inadequate for drawing conclusions</span>. They brought up a number of potentially problematic factors that the Harvard study had not taken into account, including varying physical distancing policies and the possible underreporting of deaths. Interactions among the factors were so complex, they argued, it was impossible to account for them without information about individuals.</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Proper peer review must not be bypassed—and the onus for respecting its role falls not just on journalists but also on scientists to communicate the correct information accurately," Villeneuve and Goldberg wrote.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The following week, on April 27, the Harvard team updated and revised their results. They added three more weeks worth of coronavirus fatalities and nearly doubled the number of potentially confounding variables in the analysis</b>—including, for example, the stage of the pandemic and the state stay-at-home orders. The result was a slightly weaker but still significant association between PM 2.5 and Covid-19 deaths:<b> an 8 percent—instead of 15 percent—greater risk of death for every 1 microgram per cubic meter increase in PM 2.5.</b></font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"As soon as you get the preprint out, you can receive feedback from scientists all around the world," said Wu. "As a result we have much stronger models in the second version of the paper."</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><b>The American Petroleum Institute</b>,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> however, argued that the revision was evidence of the study's underlying weakness. The update was "an action that suggests some fragility in the overall study results, and sets a precedent that the findings will likely continue to change due to the preliminary nature of the work," <b>API said, in </b></span></span><b><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf//BAD8E161CD3160BE852585580047CE29/$File/API+Comments+EPA's+Charge+Questions+to+SAB+COVID-19+April+27+2020.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102); box-sizing: inherit;">an analysis </a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">of the Harvard study that the industry trade group submitted to EPA's science advisory committee. </span></b></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><b>Cox, chair of the EPA's Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee,</b> had harsher words, in an </span><a href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/energy/bogus-analysis-trump-appointed-epa-advisers-criticize-study-linking-air-pollution-and-coronavirus-death" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit;">interview </a>with <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Washington <b>Examiner</b></em><b>.</b></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>"This whole thing is a bogus piece of analysis," he said. "It's technically unsound. It has sensational policy implications, none of which are trustworthy."</b></font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Views on the Harvard study—and on the connection between air pollution and Covid-19—were hardening along political fault lines.</font></span></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><b>"In his inaugural address, Trump spoke of 'American carnage.' He is delivering just that," said former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg and NRDC president Gina McCarthy,</b> who served as EPA administrator under Obama, in </span><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-05-04/how-trump-s-epa-is-making-covid-19-more-deadly" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent;">an editorial</a> on May 4. Citing the Harvard study, they blasted Trump for "his push to increase air pollution in the midst of an unprecedented respiratory pandemic—jeopardizing people's ability to survive it."</font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;">The reliably conservative editorial page of <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The Wall Street Journal </em>shot back the same day, </span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-fossil-fuel-virus-nexus-not-11588630987" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: transparent;">lamenting </a>that "opponents of fossil fuels are flogging a sloppy study that ties pollutants to coronavirus deaths.</b></font></p><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px 138.594px;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"It may be that long-term exposure to PM 2.5 modestly raises the coronavirus death risk, but more rigorous studies are needed to prove this, and shutting down fossil-fuel production now won't save lives," the <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">Wall Street Journal</em> said. "It will deny livelihoods to hundreds of thousands of people."</font></span></p><h3 dir="ltr" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.333;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9f940d3f-7fff-f95c-1bb8-82b2160c373d" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'A Bit of a Wild West Out There' ...</font></span></h3></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf//BAD8E161CD3160BE852585580047CE29/$File/API+Comments+EPA's+Charge+Questions+to+SAB+COVID-19+April+27+2020.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf//BAD8E161CD3160BE852585580047CE29/$File/API+Comments+EPA's+Charge+Questions+to+SAB+COVID-19+April+27+2020.pdf</font></a></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">11 pp</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">to: April 27, 2020<b> Zaida I. Figueroa Correa</b>, DrPh, MSc U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of the Administrator Science Advisory Board Staff Office 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW (MC-1400R) Washington, DC 20460</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...Our comments are broadly focused on the following two research categories titled: • Environmental Factors affecting transmission and severity of COVID-19 • Human Health Risk Factors affecting transmission and severity of COVID-19 In response to the charge questions, • We discuss study design challenges in the current literature and offer some potential solutions • </font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We offer a decision-making method that can be used to evaluate and prioritize studies • We provide ideas for other areas of potential research We believe that the Agency has an opportunity to address the question of if, how, and to what extent air quality impacts incidence, progression, and severity, including mortality, on infectious April 27, 2020 Page 3 of 11 diseases, particularly Covid-19. </font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Additionally, the Pandemic presents a valuable opportunity to study the impact of a variety of policy and regulatory decisions that have impacted the public’s exposure time-activity patterns, as well as changes in outdoor and <b>indoor air quality</b>. However, before any research moves forward, that COVID-19 related mortality data would need to be validated and representative...</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The SAB COVID-19 Review Panel document lists exposure to outdoor air pollutants as a longterm research question that could enhance knowledge and capabilities. Considering the Federal Interagency Committee on Indoor Air Quality supports EPA indoor air quality (IAQ) research program, could there be an analogous research question associated with indoor emissions? For example, the long-term research question associated with indoor emissions could be stated as “Does exposure to indoor air pollutants, including indoor emissions, re-suspension, transport from outdoors, and indoor aerosol aging processes, increase the susceptibility to respiratory viruses like SARS-CoV-2? Or exacerbate existing COVID-19 infection?” </font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In closing, API supports this SAB activity and looks forward to a report focusing on the critical work that can further public health. If you have any further questions or would like any more information regarding the recommendations discussed, please free to contact me at (202) 682- 8480 or blakeu@api.org. Sincerely, Uni Blake Senior Policy Advisor American Petroleum Institute </font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sadly, no enstrom,</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Burns, C.J., LaKind, J.S., Mattison, D.R., Alcala, C.S., Branch, F., Castillo, J., Clark, A., Clougherty, J.E., Darney, S.P., Erickson, H. and Goodman, M., 2019. A matrix for bridging the epidemiology and risk assessment gap. Global Epidemiology, 1, p.100005.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/uniblake"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.linkedin.com/in/uniblake</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Uni Blake</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senior Scientific Advisor at API</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Washington, District Of Columbia500+ connections</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sign in to Connect</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">API</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">API</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The George Washington University- Milken Institute School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The George Washington University- Milken Institute School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">About</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As a Public Health Toxicologist, I specialize in regulation, compliance and policy issues related to chemical substances in surface and ground water resources, as well as air. I have developed both general and site specific Best Management Practices for Environmental and Community Stewardship which includes designing and developing Water and Air Quality Monitoring Programs. My current work and research interests include evaluating the relationship between air and water quality and public health, Risk Assessments and Public Health Assessments.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Activity</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is another military family celebration, but we all do rejoice when another member of our…</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is another military family celebration, but we all do rejoice when another member of our family comes home... ???????????? “I have to tell you...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Liked by Uni Blake</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is an honor to be appointed to the Advisory Board of the <b>African Energy Chamber</b> and designated…</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It is an honor to be appointed to the Advisory Board of the African Energy Chamber and designated to serve on the U.S.-Africa Energy Advisory...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Liked by Uni Blake</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Making strides to improving environmental performance.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Making strides to improving environmental performance.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shared by Uni Blake</font></div><div>
</div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Experience</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">API</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Senior Scientific Advisor</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">API</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sep 2014 – Present 6 years</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Washington, DC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Self</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Toxicologist</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Self</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jun 1999 – Sep 2014 1 5 years 4 months</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oneonta Area</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Human Health Risk Assessments</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Develop and Implement Water Quality Management Programs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Develop Human Health Impact Studies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Write different management plans - BMPs, CESMPs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sampling and Analysis Plans</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Data Validation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Statistical Analysis of Monitoring Data</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hartwick College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Adjunct Professor</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hartwick College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Feb 2014 – May 20144 months</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oneonta, NY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Hometown Energy Group</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Consultant - Environmental Affairs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hometown Energy Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oct 2011 – 20143 years</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Oneonta, NY</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Public Education and Outreach</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">• Participated in Public Information Sessions and Workshops related to Water Quality, Human Health and Shale Exploration</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">• Led an Energy Industry educational campaign in Upstate New York</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">• Developed innovative educational programs and strategies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">• Maintained blogs on energy development -- specifically on how energy development relates to public health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SUNY Oneonta</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Adjunct</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SUNY Oneonta</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2010 – 20122 years</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental Risk Assessment</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental Toxicology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Advent Group</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Scientist</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Advent Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1998 – 20002 years</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Education</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The George Washington University- Milken Institute School of Public HealthThe George Washington University- Milken Institute School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The George Washington University- Milken Institute School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DrPH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2016 – 2020</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University at Albany School of Public HealthUniversity at Albany School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University at Albany School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DrPHEnvironmental Health Science</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2014 – 2015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American UniversityAmerican University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MSToxicology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1996 – 1998</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The College of WoosterThe College of Wooster</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The College of Wooster</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BAChemistry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1984 – 1988</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Activities and Societies: Track and Field</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alliance GHS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alliance GHS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Volunteer Experience</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Life Garden</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Co-Founder</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Life Garden</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nov 2006 – Present13 years 10 months</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pregnancy and <b>Infant Loss Awareness Advocacy Group</b>. Installed a physical garden. Fundraising and support services.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>American Heritage Girls</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Troop Coordinator</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Heritage Girls</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Aug 2010 – Present10 years 1 month</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Children</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Founded a charter of the American Heritage Girls (AHG). AHG is a christian centered character development program for girls offering activities, merit badges and service projects. Troop age ranges from 5 to 18.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Projects</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Shale Health Blog</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jan 2011 – Jan 2011</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Blog discussing the relationship between Shale development and public health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See projectExternal link</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Languages</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">English</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Native or bilingual proficiency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kiswahili</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Native or bilingual proficiency</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Groups</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental, Health & Safety Compliance Network [10,000 +]Environmental, Health & Safety Compliance Network [10,000 +]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental, Health & Safety Compliance Network [10,000 +]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Women's Energy Network</b>Women's Energy Network</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Women's Energy Network</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Linked:Energy (Energy industry expertise)Linked:Energy (Energy industry expertise)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Linked:Energy (Energy industry expertise)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Women in EnergyWomen in Energy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Women in Energy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Women's Energy Network - Greater Pittsburgh ChapterWomen's Energy Network - Greater Pittsburgh Chapter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Women's Energy Network - Greater Pittsburgh Chapter</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marcellus Shale GroupMarcellus Shale Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marcellus Shale Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Show 8 more groups</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">View Uni’s full profile</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See who you know in common</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Get introduced</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact Uni directly</font></div><div>
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