Calculus Justification

Kerry S. Walters, an emeritus philosophy professor from Gettysburg College, argues that rationality demands more than just logical or traditional methods of problem solving and analysis or what he calls the "calculus of justification" but also considers "cognitive acts such as imagination, conceptual creativity, intuition and insight".^[35]: 63 

These "functions" are focused on discovery, on more abstract processes instead of linear, rules-based approaches to problem-solving.

The linear and non-sequential mind must both be engaged in the rational mind.^[35]

The ability to critically analyze an argument—to dissect structure and components, thesis and reasons—is essential.

But so is the ability to be flexible and consider non-traditional alternatives and perspectives.

These complementary functions are what allow for critical thinking to be a practice encompassing imagination and intuition in cooperation with traditional modes of deductive inquiry.^[35]