Raspberry Leaf, studies

Phytochemical composition and potential biological activities assessment of raspberry leaf extracts from nine different raspberry species and raspberry leaf tea

Antioxidant

Oxidative damage to cellular components such as lipids and cell membranes due to the harmful effects of free radicals is believed to be associated with many degenerative diseases [R]. Compared with blackberry leaves, raspberry leaves had the highest antioxidant activity (p < 0.05) due to their iron chelating ability, DPPH, and antioxidant capacity. Raspberry leaves had the highest (p < 0.0001) inhibition percentage for the free radical activity of ^•OH, while blackberry leaves registered a higher (p = 0.0485) ability to inhibit O₂^•−free radical activity and a significantly higher (p < 0.0001) degree of inhibition of lipid peroxidation. In the case of raspberry leaves, the inhibition of lipid peroxidation was positively correlated with lutein, astaxanthin, and cantaxanthin.

• Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage.
• Radical scavenging activity and composition of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) leaves from different locations in Lithuania
• Fennel and raspberry leaf as possible inhibitors of acetaminophen oxidation
• Exploring the Antioxidant Potential of Blackberry and Raspberry Leaves: Phytochemical Analysis, Scavenging Activity, and In Vitro Polyphenol Bioaccessibility

Cancer

• The bioactive potential of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) leaves in exhibiting cytotoxic and cytoprotective activity on human laryngeal carcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma.
• Antioxidant and anticancer properties of leaf and fruit extracts of the wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
• In vitro antileukaemic activity of extracts from berry plant leaves against sensitive and multidrug resistant HL60 cells

Cardiovascular

Antithrombotic activity of fractions and components obtained from raspberry leaves (Rubus chingii)

Gastrointestinal Effects

• Identification of a botanical inhibitor of intestinal diacylglyceride acyltransferase 1 activity via in vitro screening and a parallel, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
• Metabolic and microbial modulation of phenolic compounds from raspberry leaf extract under in vitro digestion and fermentation results showed that the phenolic compounds in RLE were relatively stable during in vitro gastric digestion; however, in the subsequent intestinal digestion and colonic fermentation, their content decreased sharply. A large amount of hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, hydroxyphenylacetic acid and urolithins were produced under the action of gut microbiota. Moreover, compared with corresponding control, RLE significantly reduced the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes in all volunteers, increased the relative abundances of some beneficial bacteria, Enterococcus, Prevotella, and decreased the relative abundances of potential pathogens, Clostridium and Faecalibacterium. These findings suggest that RLE during in vitro digestion and fermentation has positive effects on gut microbiota and potential value of maintaining intestinal health.

Gestational Diabetes

Raspberry leaf and hypoglycemia in gestational diabetes mellitus Consumption of raspberry leaf may lead to reduced insulin requirements in GDM. Women with GDM should be cautioned about its use and their glucose levels more closely monitored.

Oral Health

• Plant and fungal food components with potential activity on the development of microbial oral diseases.

Pregnancy

• Survey of Raspberry Leaf Tea in pregnancy
• Effects in rats of maternal exposure to raspberry leaf and its constituents on the activity of cytochrome p450 enzymes in the offspring.
• Raspberry leaf in pregnancy: its safety and efficacy in labor. The findings suggest that the raspberry leaf herb can be consumed by women during their pregnancy for the purpose for which it is taken, that is, to shorten labour with no identified side effects for the women or their babies. The findings also suggest ingestion of the drug might decrease the likelihood of pre and post-term gestation. An unexpected finding in this study seems to indicate that women who ingest raspberry leaf might be less likely to receive an artificial ruture of their membranes, or require a caesarean section, forceps or vacuum birth than the women in the control group.
• Labour and the raspberry leaf herb.
• Raspberry leaf tablets and their effect on labor and birth outcomes
• Raspberry Leaves and Extracts-Molecular Mechanism of Action and Its Effectiveness on Human Cervical Ripening and the Induction of Labor

Uterine Effects

• The effects of commercial preparations of red raspberry leaf on the contractility of the rat's uterus in vitro.

UVB Protection

Raspberry leaf extracts have protective effects on UVB-induced skin photodamage [R].

Weight Control

Integrated 16s RNA sequencing and network pharmacology to explore the effects of polyphenol-rich raspberry leaf extract on weight control Obesity is recognized as a chronic low-grade inflammation associated with intestinal flora imbalance, leading to dyslipidemia and inflammation. Modern research has found that polyphenols have anti-obesity effects. However, the mechanism of action of raspberry leaf extract (RLE) with high polyphenols in regulating obesity is still unknown. This study investigated the improvement effect of supplementing RLE on high-fat diet (HFD) induced obesity in mice.

The results showed that RLE effectively prevented and treated weight gain in obese mice induced by HFD, alleviated adipocyte hypertrophy, reduced Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha levels, and improved intestinal flora, especially Muriaculaceae, Alistipes and Alloprevotella, and decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio. Network pharmacology analysis selected 60 common targets for 7 RLE polyphenols and obesity. Combined with protein-protein interaction network, enrichment analysis and experimental results, TNF, IL-6, AKT1, and PPAR were predicted as potential key targets for RLE polyphenols.

The potential mechanism by which polyphenol-rich RLE regulates obesity may be attributed to the specific polyphenols of RLE and their synergistic effects, therefore RLE has a great anti-obesity potential and may be used as a means to alleviate obesity and related diseases.