Red wine

Red Wine: Superfood or Poison?

Red wine polyphenols could be considered as nutraceuticals to target

Pharmacokinetics of resveratrol metabolic profile in healthy humans after moderate consumption of red wine and grape extract tablets

Cancer

• Grape seed extract, red wine and especially diosmin, inhibit pulmonary metastatic melanoma.
• Procyandidin from Red Wine and Grape Seeds inhibit androgen-dependant breast cancer tumors by reducing estrogen formation.
• Red wine extract has anti-aromatase activity which abrogates hyperpasia in mammary tissue.
• Red wine polyphenols cause growth inhibition and programmed cell death in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells.
• Wine polyphenolic extracts have a cytotoxic effect against human cancer cell lines.
• Red wine extract disrupts Th17 lymphocyte differentiation in a colorectal cancer context.

Cardiovascular

• Experimental evidence for the cardioprotective effects of red wine
• Red wine and resveratrol have anti-platelet properties.
• Antiplatelet activity of synthetic and natural resveratrol in red wine.
• Among patients with established heart disease, moderate consumption of wine seems to be associated with lower incidence of cardiovascular events and total mortality as compared with non drinkers.
• Beer, vodka and especially red wine prevent oxygen-induced oxidative stress associated with arterial stiffness.
• Red wine polyphenols contribute to nitric oxide production in the lining of the arteries.
• The moderate consumption of red wine provides cardiovascular protection.
• A red wine extract of onion cardio protective effects altering cholesterol, improving antioxidation and suppressing inflammatory marker levels.
• Green tea, red wine and lemon extracts reduce experimental tumor growth and cancer drug toxicity.
• Red wine intake (resveratrol) may protect against oxLDL-induced dysfunction of endothelial cells.
• Red wine polyphenols may prevent endothelial dysfunction.
• Red wine polyphenols prevent hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats.
• The red wine antioxidant resveratrol may be useful for the regeneration of infaracted myocardium.
• Lignin-derived oak phenolics, although found in small concentrations, may contribute to the beneficial antioxidant, chemopreventive, and cardioprotective effects of red wine.
• Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols at nutritionally relevant concentrations transcriptionally inhibit endothelial adhesion molecule expression, thus partially explaining atheroprotection from Mediterranean diets.

Gut Microbiome / Gut Health

• Moderate wine consumption reduces faecal water cytotoxicity in healthy volunteers.
• Results showed a direct association between the intake of red wine, a source of stilbenes, and the relative abundance of bacteroides.
• Red wine polyphenols can inhibit non beneficial bacteria from the human microbiota and potentiate the growth of probiotic bacteria such as bifidobacteria.
• The effects of grape and red wine polyphenols on gut microbiota. - Intake of polyphenols derived from grape and red wine can modulate gut microbiota and contribute to beneficial microbial ecology that can enhance human health benefits. Additionally, grape and red wine polyphenols were modulated by the gut microbiota and there is a potential for a two-way relationship between the gut microbiota and polyphenolic compounds. Nevertheless, additional research is required to fully understand the complex relationship between gut microbiota and dietary polyphenols before any health claims can be made in relation to human health.

H. Pylori

• Grape and wine extracts have antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori clinical isolates.

Hepatoprotective

• Red wine polyphenols protect and reverse liver fibrosis in mice with elevated homocysteine.
• A review of the dietary treatments for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
• Effect of grape juice, red wine and resveratrol solution on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepactic function and lipid profile in rats feds with high-fat diet.

Metabolic Syndrome

• Moderate red wine consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an elderly Mediterranean population at a high cardiovascular risk.

Other Effects

• Red wine polyphenols prevent cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity at the level of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway.
• The moderate consumption of red wine in the adult population reduces inflammatory biomarkers and is a positive component of the Mediterranean diet.

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