Glaucoma

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Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease that causes damage to the optic nerve. This damage can lead to visual field loss, including blind spots and blindness.

Glaucoma can develop when the eye's drainage system doesn't work properly, causing fluid to build up and damage the optic nerve. Eye pressure is a major risk factor for glaucoma.

Some people are at higher risk for glaucoma, including:

• African Americans over age 40
• People over age 60
• People with a family history of glaucoma
• People with diabetes

Early symptoms of glaucoma are often absent. Later symptoms include:

• Loss of side vision
• Blind spots
• Blindness

Treatments can slow down vision loss, but they can't restore lost vision. Patients with glaucoma have a normal life expectancy.

VIDEOS

Refractory Glaucoma - Dr Jaswant

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: Dr. Christopher Leung

Pathophysiology

How Does Glaucoma Cause Vision Loss?

Lecture: Pharmacological Therapy for Glaucoma: Dr. Sandra Johnson

Approach to a Glaucoma Patient - Dr Kamala diagnosis

Need to know: minimally invasive glaucoma surgery basic information

History Taking in Glaucoma: Dr John Brookes

Angle Closure Glaucoma

Primary Congenital Glaucoma - Dr Meena

Mistakes in Glaucoma Management

FIRST SIGNS OF GLAUCOMA ! Can I test myself for Glaucoma?

Lecture: Glaucoma Treatment Options: A Case-Based Discussion

Treatment with a minimally invasive device

Glaucoma and Alzheimer’s disease frequently follow each other. Glaucoma can be viewed as “Alzheimer's disease of the eye,” and Alzheimer's as “glaucoma of the brain”

Articles/Studies

Glaucoma: Seeing the light at the end of the (nano)tunnel

Diagnosis

• New Way of Imaging Eyes Could Spot Glaucoma Sooner
• New eye test detects earliest signs of glaucoma
• AI-supported test for very early signs of glaucoma progression

Risk Factors

• 11 Foods Proven to Lower Glaucoma Risk
• U.S. Glaucoma Cases Expected to Surge by 2030
• Homocysteine levels in the tear fluid and plasma of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma is often elevated, indicating that inadequate
• Researchers discover three glaucoma-related genes
• Cannabidiol May Worsen Glaucoma, Raise Eye Pressure
• vitamin b levels (e.g. b6, b12, and folate) may contribute to the disease.
• Primary open-angle glaucoma patients have reduced blood levels of DHA and EPA.
• Ophthalmic timolol may cause severe adverse cardiovascular and respiratory effects.

Prevention

• Cod liver oil: a potential protective supplement for human glaucoma.
• What changes should I make to prevent glaucoma?
• Association of dietary intake of B vitamins with glaucoma.
• The effects of forskolin eye drops on intra-ocular pressure.
• Staying Active May Lower Odds of Developing Glaucoma
• A higher intake of certain fruits and vegetables may be associated with a decreased risk of glaucoma.
• A combination of bilberry and pycnogenol reduces intraocular hypertension and may lower the risk of symptomatic glaucoma.
• Astragaloside IV attenuates ocular hypertension.
• Magnolol limits NFκB-dependent inflammation by targeting PPARγ relieving retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.
• Higher levels of **niacin** intake were associated with decreased odds of glaucoma.

Treatment

Fennel seed water extract can be used as an eyedrop to reduce pressure in the eye, its as effective as the drug, Timolol

• Treatment of glaucoma with natural products and their mechanism of action: an update.
• New glaucoma treatment could ease symptoms while you sleep
• NEW DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE TREATS GLAUCOMA FROM WITHIN THE EYE
• Various natural substances may prove useful in the treatment of glaucoma.
• Strategies to Reduce Oxidative Stress in Glaucoma Patients.
• Sulforaphane inhibits TGF-β-induced fibrogenesis and inflammation in human Tenon's fibroblasts.
• Vitamin C** protects retinal ganglion cells via SPP1 in glaucoma and after optic nerve damage.
• Glaucoma could be successfully treated with **gene therapy
• **Ginkgo biloba** extract and bilberry anthocyanins improve visual function in patients with normal tension glaucoma. 
• **Ginkgo biloba** appears to improve preexisting visual field damage in some patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG).
• **Ginkgo biloba** improves ocular blood flow, indicating its potential therapeutic benefits in the treatment of glaucoma.
• **Ginkgo biloba Extract and Bilberry Anthocyanins** Improve Visual Function in Patients with Normal Tension Glaucoma
• Potential treatment to stop glaucoma in its tracks - **Lipid mediators** may play key role in combatting neurodegenerative diseases
• **Astaxanthin** supplementation may be effective for some types of normal tension glaucoma in which glutamate neurotoxicity and oxidative stress are involved.
• **Gastrodin** exerts a neuroprotective effect on retinal ganglion cells in an acute glaucoma animal model.
• **Mindfulness meditation** reduces intraocular pressure, lowers stress biomarkers and modulates gene expression in glaucoma.
• The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the potential use of **cannabinoids** in the treatment of glaucoma.
• Research advances on the usage of **traditional Chinese medicine** for neuroprotection in glaucoma
• **Flavonoids** have a promising role in improving visual function in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
• **Auricular acupressure** lowers intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma.
• **Black currant anthocyanins** caused a normalization of serum levels of ET-1 and may slow down glaucoma progression.
• **Curcumin** has therapeutic value in the treatment of recurrent anterior uveitis of different etiologies.
• **Curcumin** is a potent therapeutic drug candidate for inflammatory and degenerative retinal and eye diseases.
• **Delta-9-THC**, a compound found within cannabis, at the right dosage can lower intraocular pressure.
• **Eggplant** may have therapeutic value in the treatment of diseases of the eye involving intraocular hypertension.
• **Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops** were comparable to Timolol 0.5% eye drops in lowering intraocular pressure.
• A water extract of **fennel** possesses significant oculohypotensive activity, comparable to that of timolol.
• **Forskolin** may be useful as an antiglaucoma agent.
• Resveratrol** may prevent tissue abnormalities associated with open-angle glaucoma
• **Antioxidants** have potential value in treating glaucoma.
• **Goji** (lycopom barbarum) may protect retinal cells in glaucoma.
• **L-carnitine** may be beneficial in age-related ocular pathologies.
• **Melatonin** may show promise in the treatment of glaucoma.
• Effect of **palmitoylethanolamide** on visual field damage progression in normal tension glaucoma patients: results of an open-label six-month follow-up.
• Effect of** palmitoylethanolamide** on inner retinal function in glaucoma.
• These results indicate that **saffron** could be beneficial in glaucoma by helping to reduce the inflammatory process.
• Acteoside** inhibits autophagic apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells to rescue glaucoma-induced optic atrophy.