Mast Cell Mediators

Table 4. Mast Cell Mediators

<tbody>

<tr>

Column A - Mediators

A1) Prestored

Biogenic Amines

</td>

Column B - Pathophysiologic effect

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Dopamine

</td>

Neurotransmission

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Histamine

</td>

Vasodilation, angiogenesis, mitogenesis, pain

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) Polyamines

</td>

Vasoconstriction, pain

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Spermidine, spermine

</td>

Secretory granule stability, inhibition of secretion

</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>

<h3>Chemokines</h3>

IL-8 (CXCL8), MCP-1 (CCL2), MCP-3 (CCL7), Chemoattraction and tissue infiltration of leukocytes MCP-4, RANTES (CCL5), Eotaxin (CCL11) Cytokines

<tbody>

<tr>

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-15, IL-17, IL-31, IL-33, TNF

Enzymes

</td>

Immune cell maturation, inflammation

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Arylsulfatases A

</td>

Lipid/proteoglycan hydrolysis

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Beta-hexosaminidase

</td>

Degradation processes

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Beta-glucuronidase

</td>

Degradation processes

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Beta-glucosaminidase

</td>

Degradation processes

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Beta-D-galactosidase

</td>

Degradation processes

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Carboxypeptidase A

</td>

Peptide processing

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Cathepsins B,C, D, E, L

</td>

Degradation processes

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Chymase

</td>

Tissue damage, pain, angiotensin II synthesis

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Grnzyme B

</td>

Inflammation and pre-apoptotic effects

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Kinogenases

</td>

Synthesis of vasodilatory kinins, pain

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Phospholipases

</td>

Arachidonic acid generation

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Renin

</td>

Angiotensin II generation

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Tryptase

</td>

Tissue damage, activation of PAR, inflammation, pain

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Metalloproteinases

(CPA3, MMP9, ADAMTSS)

Growth factors

</td>

Tissue damage, modification of cytokines/chemokines

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

b-FGF

</td>

Neovascularization

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

NGF

</td>

Nerve growth, mast cell activation

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

SCF

</td>

Mast cell growth and activation

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

TGFβ

</td>

Anti-inflammatory, pro-fibrotic

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

VEGF

Peptides

ACTH

</td>

Neovascularization, vasodilation

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Angiogenin

</td>

Neovascularization

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Angiopoietin

</td>

Neovascularization

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

</td>

Inflammation, mast cell stimulus, vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Endorphins

</td>

Analgesia

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Endothelin

</td>

Sepsis

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Hemokinin-1

</td>

Inflammation, mast cell stimulus, pain, vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Kinins (bradykinin)

</td>

Inflammation, mast cell stimulus, pain, vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Leptin

</td>

Food intake regulator

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Meltonin

</td>

Biologic clock regulator

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Neurotensin

</td>

Inflammation, mast cell stimulus, vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

RANKL

</td>

Osteoclast differentiation and activation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Somatostatin

</td>

Mast cell stimulant, anti-secretory

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Substance P

</td>

Inflammation, mast cell stimulus, pain

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Urocortin

</td>

Inflammation, vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Vasoactive intestinal peptide  Proteoglycans

</td>

Vasodilation, mast cell activation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Chondroitin sulfate

</td>

Cartilage synthesis, anti-inflammatory

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Heparin

</td>

Angiogenesis, nerve growth factor stabilization

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Hyaluronic acid

</td>

Connective tissue, nerve growth factor stabilization

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Serglycin

1B) De novo synthesized

Chemokines

CCL2, CXCL8, MIP-1α, MCP-1

Cytokines

</td>

Storage of granule proteases

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Interleukins (IL)-1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,13,16,18

</td>

Inflammation, leukocyte migration, pain

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ; MIF; TGFβ; TNF,

Growth Factors

</td>

Inflammation, leukocyte proliferation/activation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

SCF, β-FGF, neurotrophin 3, NGF,

</td>

Growth of a variety of cells

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

PDGF, TGFβ, VEGF

</td>

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Nitric oxide

Phospholipid metabolites

</td>

Vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

LeukotrieneB4

</td>

Leukocyte chemotaxis

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

LeukotrieneC4

</td>

Vasoconstriction, pain

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

Platelet activating factor

</td>

Platelet activation, vasodilation

</td>

</td>

</tr>

<tr>

ProstaglandinD2

</td>

Bronchonstriction, pain

</td>

</td>

</tr>

</tbody>

</table>