Timothy Leary
<p ><b>Timothy Francis Leary</b> (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer, known for advocating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychedelic_drugs" title="Psychedelic drugs" class="mw-redirect" >psychedelic drugs</a>. During American legality of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide" >LSD</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin" title="Psilocybin" >psilocybin</a>, Leary conducted experiments under the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Psilocybin_Project" title="Harvard Psilocybin Project" >Harvard Psilocybin Project</a>, resulting in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord_Prison_Experiment" title="Concord Prison Experiment" >Concord Prison Experiment</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh_Chapel_Experiment" title="Marsh Chapel Experiment" >Marsh Chapel Experiment</a>. Though obtaining useful data, Leary and his associate <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Alpert_(professor)" title="Richard Alpert (professor)" class="mw-redirect" >Richard Alpert</a>were fired by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" >Harvard University</a> amid controversy surrounding such drugs.
Leary believed LSD showed therapeutic potential for use in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry" >psychiatry</a>. He popularized <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catchphrase" title="Catchphrase" >catchphrases</a> that promoted his philosophy such as "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_on,tune_in,drop_out" title="Turn on, tune in, drop out" >turn on, tune in, drop out</a>" (a phrase given to Leary by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_McLuhan" title="Marshall McLuhan" >Marshall McLuhan</a>); "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_and_setting" title="Set and setting" >set and setting</a>"; and "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question_Authority" title="Question Authority" class="mw-redirect" >think for yourself and question authority</a>". He also wrote and spoke frequently about<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism" >transhumanist</a> concepts involving space migration, intelligence increase and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_extension" title="Life extension" >life extension</a> (SMI²LE),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Leary#cite_note-1" >[1]</a></sup> and developed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight-circuit_model_of_consciousness" title="Eight-circuit model of consciousness" >eight-circuit model of consciousness</a> in his book <i>Exo-Psychology</i> (1977).
During the 1960s and 1970s, he was arrested often enough to see the inside of 29 different prisons worldwide. President <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon" >Richard Nixon</a> once described Leary as "the most dangerous man in America".<sup id="cite_ref-Mansnerus_2-0" class="reference" ><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Leary#cite_note-Mansnerus-2" >[2]</a></sup></p>