American Trucking Assoc

=this is trucking in general
note gave donohue his start (important ct cases?)
<p class="yiv3597569079headline3" style="color: rgb(29, 34, 40); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" margin="margin" padding="padding"><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://click1.e.alternet.org/grkntjmsmhwdwtppdkgmmdmppkdpsrlfnhmwgcjclmny_eqbsrqpqfrbhhyqbbpz.html?a=&b=1198&c=21989&d=2" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Truckers are facing a ‘bloodbath’ in their industry — and it’s turning many in the pro-Trump group against him: report</a><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-style="font-style" italic="italic" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin="margin" padding="padding"> Truckers are numerous, conservative, and hurting. And despite their widespread…<div></div><div><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://click1.e.alternet.org/grkntjmsmhwdwtppdkgmmdmppkdpsrlfnhmwgcjclmny_eqbsrqpqfrbhhyqbbpz.html?a=&b=1198&c=21989&d=2">Truckers are facing a ‘bloodbath’ in their industry — and it’s turning many in the pro-Trump group against him: report</a><p times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-style="font-style" italic="italic" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin="margin" padding="padding" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Truckers are numerous, conservative, and hurting. And despite their widespread…no lnx
Truckers are facing a ‘bloodbath’ in their industry — and it’s turning many in the pro-Trump group against him: report [pix President Donald Trump sits in the driver’s seat of a semi-truck as he welcomes truckers and CEO’s to the White House, Thursday, March 23, 2017, to discuss healthcare. (Official White House Photo by Benjamin Applebaum)]Written by Cody Fenwick August 20, 2019Truckers are numerous, conservative, and hurting. And despite their widespread support for Donald Trump’s candidacy in 2016, a new report from Business Insider suggests the pain in the industry might be turning these workers away from the president.
The political trends in trucking are not insignificant. According to the American Trucking Associations, there were an estimated 3.5 million truck drivers in 2018. RTS Financial has found that there are 7.4 million jobs total “tied to the trucking industry.” And Business Insider reported that nearly 90 percent of truckers are registered voters, higher than the general population.Compare those figures to the number of coal miners — a little over 50,000 — an occupation that has received vastly disproportionate attention in American politics given its size.
And as the manufacturing sector in the United States falters and economists warn that the risks of a recession are increasing, the trucking industry is taking a hit.
Barron’s reported last week:
“The freight industry is currently experiencing a recession, which began in October 2018,” writes Aaron Terrazas, Convoy director of economic research, in a report published Thursday. (Convoy is a new digital marketplace trying to make the traditional truck brokerage industry more efficient, especially when roughly a third of all miles truckers drive are empty, Terrazas says.) Freight volumes have been falling since last fall, he adds.
Morris Coffman, a trucker for 35 years, told Business Insider that the industry is in the midst of a “bloodbath.”
“I have witnessed many ups and downs in the industry but nothing like this,” Coffman said. “Many, many owner-operators and drivers have either lost equipment or lost a job in the last year.”
It’s not just the industry’s struggles alone causing the problems; it’s also the Republican Party’s 2017 tax bill. While overall the bill should have reduced most American’s taxes — even the change wasn’t noticeable — some of the changes fell especially hard on truckers:
Trump’s tax reworking in 2017 led to many truck drivers having to pay hundreds in taxes this year, thanks to a change in per-diem laws. Dennis Bridges, an accountant who specializes in doing taxes for truckers, told Mother Jones in April that 75% of his clients saw an unusually large tax payment, and about 20% had to fork over more than $5,000.
Business Insider noted that while the trucking industry is one of the most conservative jobs in the country, these trends appear to be turning off many from the president’s policies.
“[Trump] is absolutely a moron,” Coffman said. “His idiotic ideas will tank the economy even further.”</div><div></div>==<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">This is a guest post by ClimateDenierRoundup cross-posted from <a href="http://www.dailykos.com/stories/2016/5/19/1528357/-EELI-s-Anti-EPA-Suit-Uses-Exhibit-A-from-Tobacco-s-RICO-Loss" style="">DailyKos</a>.

Apologies dear reader, this is a long post. It’s worth reading, though, we promise!

With few exceptions (like this <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/exxon-is-big-tobacco-tell-me-another-1463526311">weak WSJ column</a>), the folks defending Exxon from RICO accusations focus their attention on the free speech argument and avoid the tobacco comparison. But now one of their own, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_E._Enstrom" title="">Dr. James Enstrom</a>, has provided a painfully clear connection between the beleaguered industries.

The Daily Caller carries <a href="http://dailycaller.com/2016/05/17/lawsuit-epas-indpendent-science-advisers-got-190-million-in-agency-grants/">the news that</a> the Energy & Environment Legal Institute’s (EELI) latest attempt to waste its (<a href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/03/23/1505265/-EELI-Continues-Wasting-Coal-Money">probably coal</a>) funders' money is a lawsuit against the EPA,

claiming an independent review panel for air quality regulations isn’t

actually independent. Their reason is that members of the panel have

received funding from the EPA for past studies.

Obviously, that’s ridiculous, since public and private funding are vastly different in terms of conflict of interest.

So what does a real conflict of interest look like? For a prime example, look no further than the plaintiffs EELI is representing: The Western States Trucking Association (WSTA) and Dr. James Enstrom.
---
Apologies dear reader, this is a long post. It’s worth reading, though, we promise!

With few exceptions (like this <a target="blank" href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/exxon-is-big-tobacco-tell-me-another-1463526311">weak WSJ column</a>), the folks defending Exxon from RICO accusations focus their attention on the free speech argument and avoid the tobacco comparison. But now one of their own, <a target="blank" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_E._Enstrom" title="">Dr. James Enstrom</a>, has provided a painfully clear connection between the beleaguered industries.

The Daily Caller carries <a target="blank" href="http://dailycaller.com/2016/05/17/lawsuit-epas-indpendent-science-advisers-got-190-million-in-agency-grants/">the news that</a> the Energy & Environment Legal Institute’s (EELI) latest attempt to waste its (<a target="blank" href="http://www.dailykos.com/story/2016/03/23/1505265/-EELI-Continues-Wasting-Coal-Money">probably coal</a>) funders' money is a lawsuit against the EPA,

claiming an independent review panel for air quality regulations isn’t

actually independent. Their reason is that members of the panel have

received funding from the EPA for past studies.

Obviously, that’s ridiculous, since public and private funding are vastly different in terms of conflict of interest.

So what does a real conflict of interest look like? For a prime example, look no further than the plaintiffs EELI is representing: The Western States Trucking Association (WSTA) and Dr. James Enstrom.

Now, the WSTA has a legitimate stake here,

as the regulation in question deals with particulate matter emissions

from trucks, so the organization's members would face a cost to upgrade

their trucks to meet stricter EPA standards. Fine.

But who is Dr. James Enstrom? Oh, he's just your run of the mill

epidemiologist who took funding from tobacco giant Philip Morris and

produced a study in 2003 downplaying the connection

between second-hand smoke and cancer. Enstrom was such a pivotal player

in the pro-smoking propaganda that when the Department of Justice

wrapped up its successful RICO case against

the tobacco industry, it dedicated an entire chapter to Enstrom—one of

just three researchers to receive such a distinction. (H/T <a target="_blank" href="http://www.desmogblog.com/2015/03/13/tobacco-gun-hire-james-enstrom-willie-soon-climate-change" title="">DeSmog</a>)

A <a target="blank" href="https://www.industrydocumentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/results/#q=James%20Enstrom&h=%7B%22hideDuplicates%22%3Atrue%2C%22hideFolders%22%3Atrue%7D&subsite=tobacco&cache=true&count=536159" title="">search of his name in the Tobacco Industry Documents</a> database returns over 500,000 results. An LA Times article notes that Enstrom became “<a target="blank" href="http://articles.latimes.com/2007/mar/28/local/me-tobacco28/2">Exhibit A</a>”

in the fight between the tobacco industry and anti-smoking activists, a

prime example of how the tobacco industry funded friendly studies for PR and lobbying purposes.

Since then, Dr. Enstrom has turned his attention to other

epidemiology questions, namely the dangers from particulate matter. And

who funded his work? <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_Power_Research_Institute" title="">None other than an electric utility group</a>, which used his study to argue against stricter PM standards that would force utilities to reduce the pollution from coal plants.

So even as the fossil fuel industry fights off RICO accusations and denies the tobacco parallels, its surrogate EELI is fighting to give “Exhibit A” from the tobacco corruption case a chance to use his industry-funded science to shape the EPA’s regulations.

Though connecting the dots between tobacco corruption and fossil fuels looks like a colossal own-goal, maybe EELI isn’t as foolish as this makes them seem. After all, if the fossil fuel industry needs to defend itself from a RICO suit like the tobacco industry did, surely EELI will offer their services?

And odds are slim they’d do it pro bono…

</div></div></div>===BSAn energy advocacy organization and a large trucking association filed a lawsuit challenging the validity of an <a href="https://www.trucks.com/tag/environmental-protection-agency/">Environmental Protection Agency</a> panel that is writing regulations to control particulate matter pollution.

The lawsuit, filed Friday in U.S. District Court in Washington D.C.,

claims that most of the members of the independent scientific review

committee are not independent. The suit said that 22 of the 26 members

received a combined $192 million in EPA grant money and are dependent on

the agency for research funds.

It was filed by the Energy and Environment Legal Institute, a

Washington, D.C.-based group that has previously filed lawsuits

challenging EPA regulation of particulate matter pollution and other

issues. The institute describes itself as an “organization engaged in

strategic litigation, policy research, and public education on important

energy and environmental issues.”

The institute was joined in the suit by plaintiffs including the Western States Trucking Association.

“I think we have a pretty good case because the law requires that

this panel be independent and unbiased, and it’s clear to us that it is

not,” Steve Milloy, co-counsel for the plaintiffs, told Trucks.com. “The

EPA has poured ungodly amounts of money over the years to these

researchers, so how could they go against the EPA’s stance on PM2.5?”

That is the designation for particulate matter — including dust, dirt

and soot — that is 2.5 micrometers in diameter and smaller and

considered by the EPA to have the most harmful health effects.

Milloy said the institute believes that science does not support

EPA’s position that exposure to PM2.5 is harmful to people and the

environment.

“We are asking the court to prevent the EPA from convening the panel

until the panel can be formed in a balanced manner in compliance with

applicable laws,” said David Schnare, the institute’s general counsel

and a former EPA official.

John Walke, clean air director for the Natural Resources Defense

Council, said the EELI lawsuit is “baseless” and “lacked merit.”

“One of their attorneys filing this lawsuit is a notorious denier of

the very well-established link between PM2.5 air pollution and

mortality,” Walke told Trucks.com.

Walke said that Milloy has called the U.S. Science Advisory Board,

Johns Hopkins University, Harvard University, the American Heart

Association and the World Health Organization part of the “junk science

mob” because they all agree that particulate matter is harmful.

Particulate matter is regulated because it “can cause premature death

and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system” and other

“significant health problems,” according to the EPA.

Diesel trucks are one of the nation’s biggest sources of particulate

matter pollution, according to the Union of Concerned Scientists.

The EPA declined to discuss the lawsuit with Trucks.com, saying only

that it “will review and respond accordingly to the lawsuit.”

The plaintiffs allege that the EPA violated federal law by failing to

appoint independent committee members to the Clean Air Scientific

Advisory Committee Particulate Matter Review Council last November. The

committee is scheduled to have its first meeting on May 23.

“The EPA is obligated to appoint an independent committee to provide

advice and recommendations to the administrator of the EPA every five

years,” according to the lawsuit.

The lawsuit claims that of the 84 EPA grants that “have produced

thousands of published studies” on particulate matter, the institute

isn’t aware of any that have challenged the agency’s stance on the

harmful health effects associated with exposure to PM2.5.

It’s important to have an impartial committee review the EPA’s

findings because of the negative financial impact the agency’s rulings

could have on small-business truckers, said Joe Rajkovacz, spokesman for

the Western States Trucking Association.

The association, headquartered in Upland, Calif., represents nearly

1,000 construction and freight industry-related trucking companies.

Many members have spent thousands of dollars to retrofit their trucks

to comply with California particulate emissions requirements, Rajkovacz

said.

“Federal law requires the EPA to run all of its rule-makings through

an advisory committee, who is supposed to be an independent committee

that weighs the science they are basing their rule-makings on,”

Rajkovacz said. “What kind of science do you think we will get if most

of the independent researchers’ financial well-being is dependent on

grant money from the EPA?”

James E. Enstrom, a retired UCLA epidemiologist, also is a plaintiff

in the lawsuit. He published a critical analysis in the peer-reviewed

medical journal Inhalation Toxicology that failed to support a

relationship between PM2.5 and premature deaths in California.

The lawsuit asks the court to issue a stay, ordering that the panel

“may not convene to meet or hold session until it has been properly

constituted.” It also seeks to require the EPA to establish an advisory

committee that is made up of members independent of the agency, who have

a “balanced point of view.”--BS
<div align="left">For Immediate Release:

May17, 2016

</div>Contact:

Craig Richardson

Richardson@eelegal.org

703-981-5553<div align="left">

</div>E&E Legal Sues EPA for Stacking ‘Independent’ Science Panel with EPA Grant Recipients;

Watchdog Groups Asks Court to Dissolve EPA Panel<div align="left">

</div>Washington, DC – Last Friday, The Energy & Environment Legal Institute (E&E Legal) <a href="http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CASAC-complaint-filed-0501316.pdf" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="http://eelegal.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/CASAC-complaint-filed-0501316.pdf">sued the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)</a>

for illegal formation of a key science advisory committee. The

committee at issue is the EPA’s Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee

Particulate Matter Review Panel for 2015-2018 (CASAC PM Panel). E E

Legal filed the lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of

Columbia on behalf of its members who include the Western States

Trucking Association and Dr. James Enstrom, a Research Fellow and

epidemiologist retired from the University of California, Los Angeles.<div align="left">

</div>“The EPA has stacked the panel, which is required by law to be

independent and unbiased, with researchers who have received over $190

million in discretionary grants from the EPA,” said Steve Milloy, an

attorney and Senior Fellow with E&E Legal. “This clearly violates

the law and makes a mockery of the notion of ‘independent’ scientific

review,” Milloy added.<div align="left">

</div>“We are asking the court to prevent the EPA from convening the panel

until the panel can be formed in a balanced manner in compliance with

applicable laws,” said Dr. David Schnare, E&E Legal’s General

Counsel and a 33-year veteran of the EPA.<div align="left">

</div>The EPA’s regulation of ambient airborne fine particulate matter, soot or dust in outdoor air also called “PM2.5”

(pronounced Pee-Em-Two-Point-Five”), has been scientifically

controversial since the EPA began the process of regulating it in the

early 1990s. The EPA claims that any inhalation of PM2.5 can cause death within hours and that PM2.5

in outdoor air kills hundreds of thousands of Americans every year. Not

only has the EPA hidden from public scrutiny for over 20 years key

scientific data that its PM2.5 regulation relies on, but also the agency stacks the legally required CASAC panel with EPA-paid researchers.<div align="left">

</div>EPA’s claims about the lethality of PM2.5 have been a

primary basis for the agency’s justification of its air quality

standards for particulate matter and ozone, as well as regulations key

to the Obama administration’s so-called “war on coal”, including the:

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, Mercury Air Transport Standard and Clean

Power Plan. State implementation of EPA’s PM2.5 standards is

also quite costly as evidenced by E & E Legal member Western States

Trucking Association, whose own members are forced to spend tens of

thousands of dollars retrofitting truck engines to comply with

California state PM2.5 emissions requirements as mandated by the EPA.<div align="left">

</div>“Not only does the EPA pay researchers to produce controversial research that advances its PM2.5

regulatory agenda, but the agency pays the very same researchers to

review their own controversial work,” explained Milloy. “Of the 26

members the EPA selected to be on the CASAC PM Panel, 24 of them have

been paid or are currently being paid by the EPA a total sum in excess

of $190 million,” Milloy observed. “The EPA’s supposedly ‘independent’

review process is entirely rigged to advance EPA’s agenda,” Milloy

added.<div align="left">

</div>“Both the Clean Air Act and the Federal Advisory Committee Act

require that the CASAC PM Panel be independent and unbiased,” Schnare

said. “We are asking the court to determine that an EPA advisory panel

that operates on a consensus basis but that is 90 percent comprised of

highly-paid EPA cronies does not meet the requirements of the law,”

Schnare added.<div align="left">

</div>“The EPA process for commissioning and evaluating PM2.5

research has been so rigged and so biased for so long that many

scientists don’t even try to get nominated for CASAC panels any more,”

Milloy said. “They’ve simply given up. A case study of this is E & E

Legal member and PM2.5 researcher Jim Enstrom who, in questioning EPA’s PM2.5 science,

has lost professional opportunities because of the extreme biases of

the EPA, CASAC and current and former CASAC panel members,” Milloy said.

“CASAC is a cabal, not an independent committee,” he added.<div align="left">

</div>“As the EPA is at the very beginning a new round of review of PM2.5

regulation, as required by the Clean Air Act, our lawsuit is intended

to make sure that process is conducted in an independent and unbiased

manner as required by the law and expected by the public and Congress,”

Schnare concluded.<div align="left">

</div><a href="http://eelegal.org" target="_blank" data-cke-saved-href="http://eelegal.org">The Energy & Environment Legal Institute</a>

(E&E Legal) is a 501(c)(3) organization engaged in strategic

litigation, policy research, and public education on important energy

and environmental issues. Primarily through its petition litigation and

transparency practice areas, E&E Legal seeks to correct onerous

federal and state policies that hinder the economy, increase the cost of

energy, eliminate jobs, and do little or nothing to improve the

environment.
<div>
</div><div></div>

<h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 27px;" align="center">Lawyer Who Challenged EPA Case Had Social Contacts With Judges </h2>

<h4 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; text-align: left; line-height: 18px;" align="center">JOHN J. FIALKA / Wall Street Journal 23mar04</h4>

U.S. Circuit Judge Douglas Ginsburg

participated with industry lawyer

representing several industry groups

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">The case—the American Trucking Association vs. the Environmental Protection Agency—was one of the biggest environmental cases of the 1990s. In it, the appeals court struck down new EPA regulations on soot and smog, claiming that Congress had never delegated the authority to the EPA. The U.S. Supreme Court later rejected the lower court's decision, upholding EPA's right to tighten regulations on soot and smog under the Clean Air Act.

<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">While the case was pending, one of the judges that made the decision—U.S. Circuit Judge Douglas Ginsburg—participated with Ed Warren, who argued the case on behalf of several industry groups. They were both directors of the Foundation for Research on Economics & the Environment, a group based in Bozeman, Mont., that holds periodic seminars at a resort hotel and a rustic ranch for selected federal judges. The sessions feature plenty of free time for fishing, hiking, cocktails and other forms of socializing.

<p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">According to FREE about 70% of its funds come from foundations, including the Claude Lambe Foundation, which is controlled by closely held Koch Industries Inc., of Wichita, Kan., a broadly diversified energy company. Other contributions, according to FREE, come from corporations, currently including ExxonMobil. Bruce Green, an expert on legal ethics who teaches at Fordham University School of Law in New York, said he was retained by one of the Koch-related foundations to determine whether the seminars violated current standards of judicial ethics.

==

On Wednesday morning, for example, Romney attended a breakfast fundraiser at the <a data-xslt="http" href="http://www.truckline.com/Pages/Home.aspx">American Trucking Association</a> sponsored by more than a dozen K Street heavy-hitters. Hosts included longtime GOP fundraiser <a data-xslt="http" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/lobbyist.php?id=U00000033451&year=2011">Wayne Berman</a>, who represents the American Petroleum Institute and many others; GOP lobbyist <a data-xslt="_http" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/lobbyist.php?id=Y0000040333L&year=2011">Mark Isakowitz</a>, whose lengthy client list includes banks, oil companies and technology firms; and Alex Mistri of the Glover Park Group, which briefly represented Solyndra, the solar-energy firm that went bankrupt after getting a $530 million government loan guarantee.

The ‘’’American Trucking Associations’’’ (ATA) is the largest national trade association for the trucking industry in the United States, representing over 37,000 members.

The organization is overseen by its President and CEO, Bill Graves, former <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Republican" title="Republican" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Republican</a> governor of Kansas.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_note-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_note-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a>

<h2 style=" color: black; background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; font-size: 19.200000762939453px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ties to the American Legislative Exchange Council</h2>

Ted Scott, ATA’s Director of Special Projects, is the ATA's representative on the Executive Committee of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Commerce,_Insurance_and_Economic_Development_Task_Force" title="Commerce, Insurance and Economic Development Task Force" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Commerce, Insurance and Economic Development Task Force</a> of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Legislative_Exchange_Council" title="American Legislative Exchange Council" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">American Legislative Exchange Council</a> (ALEC), and also co-chairs the Transportation Subcommittee of the same task force, as of 2011.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_note-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[3]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_note-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[4]</a>

<table style=" font-size: 12.800000190734863px; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(201, 215, 240);"><tbody><tr><th style=" background-color: rgb(41, 102, 184); font-size: 17.600000381469727px; font-weight: bold; border: 1px solid rgb(64, 127, 212); text-align: left; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">About ALEC</th></tr><tr><td style=" color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">

<div style=" padding: 2px 5px; font-size: 12.800000190734863px;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ALEC" title="ALEC" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ALEC</a> is a corporate bill mill. It is not just a lobby or a front group; it is much more powerful than that. Through ALEC, corporations hand state legislators their wishlists to benefit their bottom line. Corporations fund almost all of ALEC's operations. They pay for a seat on ALEC task forces where corporate lobbyists and special interest reps vote with elected officials to approve “model” bills. Learn more at the Center for Media and Democracy's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alecexposed.org/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">ALECexposed.org</a>, and check out breaking news on our <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">PRWatch.org site</a>.</div>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2 style=" color: black; background-image: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; font-size: 19.200000762939453px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Articles and resources</h2>

<h3 style=" color: black; background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Related SourceWatch articles</h3>

<h3 style=" color: black; background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">External resources</h3>

<h3 style=" color: black; background-image: none; font-weight: bold; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 16.799999237060547px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">External articles</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_ref-0" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Graves" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[1]</a>, “Bill Graves.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. Accessed July 6, 2011.</li>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_ref-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Trucking_Associations" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[2]</a>, “American Trucking Associations.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. Accessed July 6, 2011.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_ref-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> American Legislative Exchange Council, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alec.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Private_Sector_Executive_Committee1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Private Sector Executive Committee</a>, organizational website, accessed July 6, 2011</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Trucking_Association#cite_ref-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a> NCSL Foundation for State Legislatures, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=17528" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Partners Project on Public-Private Partnerships</a>, organizational website, accessed July 8, 2011</li>

</ol>

<table style=" font-size: 12.800000190734863px; margin: 0.5em 0.57em 0.5em 0.7em; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: rgb(255, 250, 205); border: 1px solid rgb(218, 210, 109); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><tbody><tr><td style=" width: 757.5999755859375px; padding: 0.25em;">This article is a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SourceWatch:Find_or_fix_a_stub" title="SourceWatch:Find or fix a stub" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">stub</a>. You can <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/SourceWatch:Find_or_fix_a_stub" title="SourceWatch:Find or fix a stub" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">help</a> by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Trucking_Association&action=edit" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">expanding it</a>.</td><td>

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<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Categories</a>:

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:ALEC_Exposed" title="Category:ALEC Exposed" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ALEC Exposed</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Stubs" title="Category:Stubs" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Stubs</a></li>

<li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:ALEC_Trade_Groups" title="Category:ALEC Trade Groups" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ALEC Trade Groups</a></li>

</ul>

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</div>

<p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12.8px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/531/457/case.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAdUlEQVQYV2P4//8/Awxv3LThf0dXKxyD+DA5DEUg+tWrV2AaWTFcIboJyJrhCtGtRMcgebhpL2/4/v//Lvn//x+7IRjIfn8v+P/t055gxZgKPzaC8Y/nMYQVLpnM8f/zo3AqKfzyOOL/h/sh/59c9sBUSIyvAeRdJWjk4E//AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">457</a> (2001), was a case decided by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States Supreme Court</a> in which the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Environmental Protection Agency</a>'s<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standard" title="National Ambient Air Quality Standard" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">National Ambient Air Quality Standard</a> (NAAQS) for regulating <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone" title="Ozone" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ozone</a> and particulate matter was challenged by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Trucking_Association" title="American Trucking Association" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">American Trucking Association</a> along with other private <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Companies" title="Companies" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">companies</a> and the States of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Michigan</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ohio</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">West Virginia</a>.

<h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">See also<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitman_v.American_Trucking_Associations,Inc.&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Associations%2C_Inc.?veaction=edit&vesection=1" title="Edit section: See also" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_531" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 531" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 531</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">List of United States Supreme Court cases</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">Further reading<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitman_v.American_Trucking_Associations,Inc.&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Further reading" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Associations%2C_Inc.?veaction=edit&vesection=2" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A._Levy" title="Robert A. Levy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Levy, Robert A.</a>; Mellor, William H. (2008). "Lawmaking by Administrative Agencies". The Dirty Dozen: How Twelve Supreme Court Cases Radically Expanded Government and Eroded Freedom. New York: Sentinel. pp. 67–88. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-050-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59523-050-8" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">978-1-59523-050-8</a>.</li>

</ul>

<h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); font-size: 19.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 19.2px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;">External links<span class="mw-editsection mw-editsection-expanded" style=" -webkit-user-select: none; font-size: small; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.25em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate; direction: ltr;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitman_v.American_Trucking_Associations,Inc.&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">edit source</a> | <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitman_v._American_Trucking_Associations%2C_Inc.?veaction=edit&vesection=3" title="Edit section: External links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">editbeta</a>]</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Text of Whitman v. American Trucking Associations, Inc., 531 U.S. 457 (2001) is available from: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/531/457/case.html" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Justia</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=531&page=457" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Findlaw</a></li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2000/2000_99_1257/" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Summary of case from OYEZ</a></li>

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