Lovelock, J Gaia

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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>&nbsp;Lovelock</b>&nbsp;is best known as the originator of the 'Gaia hypothesis'.</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Affiliations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Affiliations</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Interview" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Interview</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Background" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Background</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Lovelock.27s_past_mistakes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Lovelock's past mistakes</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#CFCs_and_the_ozone_layer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">CFCs and the ozone layer</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Hedgerows" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Hedgerows</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Chernobyl" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Chernobyl</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Long-term_supporter_for_nuclear_power" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Long-term supporter for nuclear power</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Happy_to_store_nuclear_waste_in_his_garden_shed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Happy to store nuclear waste in his garden shed</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Nuclear_is_normal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Nuclear is normal</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Nuclear_is_safe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Nuclear is safe</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Dangers_of_nuclear_are.22imaginary.22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Dangers of nuclear are "imaginary"</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Links_to_the_nuclear_industry" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Links to the nuclear industry</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Links_to_big_business" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Links to big business</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Links_to_the_security_services" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Links to the security services</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Links_to_anti-Greens" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Links to anti-Greens</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Critical_Books_Reviews" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">11</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Critical Books Reviews</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Critical_Articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">12</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Critical Articles</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Articles_and_resources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Articles and resources</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Related_SourceWatch_articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Related SourceWatch articles</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#External_resources" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External resources</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#External_articles" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External articles</span></font></a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Articles_By_Lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.4.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Articles By Lovelock</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Interviews_with_Lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.4.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Interviews with Lovelock</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#Articles_About_Lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">13.4.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Articles About Lovelock</span></font></a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Affiliations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Affiliations</font></span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Councillor,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Copenhagen_Climate_Council" title="Copenhagen Climate Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Copenhagen Climate Council</a></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Director,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gaia_Charity" title="Gaia Charity" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gaia Charity</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Patron,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Population_Matters" title="Population Matters" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Population Matters</a></span></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Fellow (2008),&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lindisfarne_Association" title="Lindisfarne Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lindisfarne Association</a></b>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Arne_Naess_Chair_in_Global_Justice_and_the_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Arne Naess Chair in Global Justice and the Environment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arne Naess Chair in Global Justice and the Environment</a>&nbsp;(2007)&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Honorary Advisor,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=World_Pantheist_Movement" title="World Pantheist Movement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Pantheist Movement</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Winner of the 2000&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Goi_Peace_Foundation" title="Goi Peace Foundation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Goi Peace Foundation</a>&nbsp;Award&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Winner of the 1996&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Volvo_Environment_Prize" title="Volvo Environment Prize" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Volvo Environment Prize</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Judge,&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Virgin_Earth_Challenge" title="Virgin Earth Challenge" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Virgin Earth Challenge</a></font></li><li style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gaia_Society" title="Gaia Society" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Gaia Society</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Interview"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Interview</font></span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2012/jun/15/james-lovelock-fracking-greens-climate?intcmp=239" style="background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" background-size="background-size" initial="initial" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" repeat="repeat" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">James Lovelock on shale gas and the problem with 'greens'</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, June 2012. shale greens</span></font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Background"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Background</font></span></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to his autobiography&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, James Ephraim Lovelock was born in Letchworth on July 26, 1919. He graduated as a chemist from Manchester University in 1941, worked first for the Medical Research Council at the National Institute for Medical Research in London and then spent five years (1946 to 1951) at the Common CoId Research Unit at Harvard Hospital in Salisbury, Wiltshire.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1948 he received a Ph.D. in medicine from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. He received the D.Sc. degree in biophysics from London University in 1959.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After working in the US, he established himself as an 'independent' scientist in 1964. He is most famous for his 'Gaia hypothesis'. The winner of numerous scientific prizes, he was made a fellow of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Royal_Society" title="Royal Society" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Royal Society</a>&nbsp;in 1974. Since 1982 he has been associated with the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Marine_Biological_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Marine Biological Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Marine Biological Association</a>&nbsp;at Plymouth, first as a council member, and from 1986 to 1990 as its president. He received the <b>CBE in 1990</b>. He is now an Honorary Visiting Fellow of Green College, Oxford University.&nbsp;<span class="reference"><sup id="ref_autobiog" class="plainlinksneverexpand" style="line-height: 1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#endnote_autobiog" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">[1]</a></sup></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lovelock is often described as a 'green' scientist, largely because of the Gaia hypothesis - even though he is a long-standing supporter of nuclear power</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> He is also regularly described as 'independent' because he is not formally employed by any government, company or organisation.<b> However, 'freelance' would be a more accurate description, as he has worked for big business and the security services since he went 'independent'.</b></span></font></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span id="Lovelock's_past_mistakes"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lovelock.27s_past_mistakes" style="">Lovelock's past mistakes</span></span></font></h2><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="CFCs_and_the_ozone_layer"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CFCs and the ozone layer</font></span></h3><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock was one of the pioneering scientists who analysed the concentrations of the controversial chemicals chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in Antarctica. These man-made chemicals were found to be responsible for causing the hole in the ozone layer, particularly over Polar regions.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In 1973 Lovelock published the results of his work on CFCs in the scientific journal&nbsp;</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nature</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">He concluded about CFCs that "the presence of these compounds constitutes no conceivable hazard"</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">He was totally wrong, a fact that still causes him great embarrassment. In his autobiography&nbsp;<i style="">Homage to Gaia</i>&nbsp;he describes the mistake as a 'gratuitous blunder'.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[7]</a></sup></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Later in the book, he also acknowledges that he <b>appeared in a 1974 US Congressional Hearing on the future of CFCs as 'the principle witness for the industry's defence</b>'</span><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Hedgerows"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hedgerows</font></span></h3><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock also admits in&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>&nbsp;that one of the instruments he designed, to monitor the movement of cattle as they grazed, 'led me to participate in the removal of hedgerows - one of the most destructive changes that happened to the English Countryside after the Second World War. I regret to say I played a small part in this act of national ecocide I loved the English country scene passionately, yet I was as thoughtlessly responsible for its destruction as was a greedy shareholder of an agribusiness firm, or a landowner out to maximize the return from his broad hectares."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He explains: 'What we were doing at the Grassland Research Institute was providing essential information to the civil servants of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and the farmers. They then used this to plan their campaign to replace the old English countryside with an efficient agribusiness operation The scientists, the farmers, the agribusiness men, and, most important, the civil servants who drafted the legislation that gave grants to farmers to take out their hedges, all of us were ignorant of the consequences. I am ashamed and now regard myself as part of the unconscious vandalism that has all but destroyed the beauty of my countryside'<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Chernobyl"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chernobyl</font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovelock denies that Chernobyl has caused massive human health impacts. He maintains a position that there were only 45 deaths</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. According to Westminster Hansard:</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Barrett&nbsp;: In the Committee, my hon. Friend the Member for Orkney and Shetland (Mr. Carmichael) asked Professor Lovelock about deaths following Chernobyl. Professor Lovelock said that be believed that 45 deaths were attributable to Chernobyl. My hon. Friend asked whether he was aware of the figures suggesting that between 25,000 and 85,000 deaths were associated with Chernobyl. John Robertson&nbsp;: What was his answer? John Barrett&nbsp;: The evidence from the World Health Organisation was that there were tens of thousands of deaths, and when Professor Lovelock was asked whether he would stick to 45 he said yes. I was in a cancer hospital in Ukraine 10 years after Chernobyl and it was full of 10-year-old children who were suffering as a direct result of Chernobyl. The doctors confirmed that. There were more than 45 people in that one ward and I do not believe Professor Lovelock's figure.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yet see&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chernobyl.info/index.php?userhash=12419325&navID=21&lID=2" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">the Chernobyl information website</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;which includes the info that; There is a consensus that at least 1800 children and adolescents in the most severely contaminated areas of Belarus have contracted cancer of the thyroid because of the reactor disaster.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> It is feared that the number of thyroid cancer cases among people who were children and adolescents when the accident happened will reach 8000 in the coming decades. This figure is given in the UNDP-Report 2002. The German specialist in radiation medicine and Chernobyl expert, Professor Edmund Lengfelder of the Otto Hug Strahleninstitut in Munich, which has been running a thyroid centre in Belarus since 1991, warns of up to 100 000 additional cases of thyroid cancer in all age groups.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A recent report by leading scientists and researchers commissioned by European parliamentary groups, Greenpeace International and medical foundations in Britain, Germany, Ukraine, Scandinavia and other countries suggests that the number of casualties may have been far higher:</font></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">"At least 500,000 people - perhaps more - have already died out of the 2 million people who were officially classed as victims of Chernobyl in Ukraine</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">".&nbsp;</span><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></dd></dl><h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Long-term_supporter_for_nuclear_power" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Long-term supporter for nuclear power</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovelock hit the headlines on 24 May 2004 when he declared in&nbsp;<i style="">The Independent</i>: <b>'I am a Green</b> and I entreat my friends in the movement to drop their wrongheaded objection to nuclear energy.' Lovelock's comments were widely reported in other media and consequently used by the pro-nuclear lobby to support their push for new nuclear power stations in the UK</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock originally offered a draft of this article to&nbsp;<i>Resurgence</i>&nbsp;Magazine which said it would only run it if an anti-nuclear article could be run alongside. Lovelock refused and was told to take it elsewhere.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contrary to the 2004 media coverage, Lovelock has long been an advocate of nuclear power - he has been on record as a supporter of nuclear power for 20 years.</font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Happy_to_store_nuclear_waste_in_his_garden_shed"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Happy to store nuclear waste in his garden shed</font></span></h3><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In May 1984, Lovelock was interviewed by the freelance writer, John May, who recalls on his blog how "I went to interview him on 1 May 1984 to conduct a taped interview (which has yet to be published).</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to May: "We start talking about nuclear energy. Surprisingly he [Lovelock] is an advocate. He likens his passion to that of being a heretic. Chances of accident equivalent of airliner landing on his house. Willing to store suitcase-sized chunk of nuclear waste produced by large power station for a year, in a shed in his garden, use the heat it gives off. Happy to have his grandchildren stand by it. Happy to live near Windscale". Says of Hiroshima that "death rates of survivors from cancer lower than comparable populations. Deaths from radiation exposure need to be put in proportion compared with tobacoo etc. Far greater threat from CO2 build-up".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Nuclear_is_normal"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear is normal</font></span></h3><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In his 1988 book&nbsp;<i>The Ages of Gaia</i>, Lovelock states: 'I have never regarded nuclear radiation or nuclear power as anything other than a normal and inevitable part of the environment.'</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, he states that in 1993 'the Japanese Atomic Industrial Forum invited me to present a paper at their meeting in Yokahoma. I was glad to have a chance to express in public my strong support for nuclear energy'.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He also writes of the 'beneficence of nuclear power' and attacks the Green movement as a 'global over-anxious mother figure who is so concerned about small risks that she ignores the real dangers that loom. As in the biblical fable, we strain at the gnats of Chenobyl, and swallow the camel of massive pollution by our carbon-burning civilisation'.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Of the October 1957 reactor fire at Windscale - the world's first serious reactor incident - he says: 'This incident exposed the people of England to what some would now consider a dangerous level of radioactive contamination. I wonder why we have heard nothing of an epidemic of thyroid and other cancers over the years that followed?'.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Nuclear_is_safe"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear is safe</font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In an article for&nbsp;<i style="">Readers Digest</i>&nbsp;in March 2005</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, he writes: 'Nuclear energy is safe, clean and effective The Green idea that renewable energy can fill the gap left by retired nuclear power stations - and also meet the constantly rising demand for power - is romantic nonsense. Wind farms are monstrously inefficient and still need fossil-fuel back-up for the three days in four when the wind doesn't blow. Solar energy is a ridiculous dream for northern Europe. Energy on a large scale from waves and tidal currents is far off'.</span><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="Dangers_of_nuclear_are" imaginary="imaginary"><span class="mw-headline" id="Dangers_of_nuclear_are.22imaginary.22">Dangers of nuclear are "imaginary"</span></span></font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Writing in&nbsp;<i>The Daily Telegraph</i>&nbsp;in 2001, Lovelock commented about the "imaginary dangers of nuclear power"</b>. He added in the article "If permitted, I would happily store high-level waste on my own land and use the heat from it to warm my home". In the same article he added, bizarrely: "I have wondered if the small volumes of nuclear waste from power production should be stored in tropical forests and other habitats in need of a reliable guardian against their destruction by greedy developers."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_to_the_nuclear_industry"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Links to the nuclear industry</font></span></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contrary to public perception Lovelock has long-standing ties to the nuclear industry and its supporters.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Lovelock's website</a>&nbsp;is maintained by&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bruno_Comby" title="Bruno Comby" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bruno Comby</a>&nbsp;and hosted by the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Environmentalists_For_Nuclear_Energy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy</a>. It states: 'James Lovelock is in favor of the use of clean nuclear energy' and 'he supports the Association of Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy.' It describes him and Comby as 'friends'.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovelock wrote the foreword for Comby's book&nbsp;<i style="">Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy</i>&nbsp;(which was reproduced in&nbsp;<i style="">The Independent</i></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">).</span><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He is a Patron of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Supporters_of_Nuclear_Energy" title="Supporters of Nuclear Energy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Supporters of Nuclear Energy</a>, whose Secretary is Sir&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bernard_Ingham" title="Bernard Ingham" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bernard Ingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He was also awarded a medal by the nuclear power company&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=British_Energy" title="British Energy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">British Energy</a>&nbsp;in November 2006, "in recognition of his major contributions to the fields of medicine, biology, instrument science, and geophysiology".<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_to_big_business"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Links to big business</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovelock started working for Shell in 1963, having regular monthly meetings with the Shell boss Lord Rothschild. He states in&nbsp;<i style="">Homage to Gaia</i>: 'My experiences with Shell left me firmly with the impression that they are neither stupid nor villains. On the contrary I know of no other human agency that plans as far ahead or considers the environment more closely'</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_to_the_security_services"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Links to the security services</font></span></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>Homage to Gaia</i>&nbsp;describes how, in 1961, Lovelock went to work at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=NASA" title="NASA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NASA</a>'s Jet Propulsion Laboratories in Houston, as part of a team working on the first lunar mission.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>It also reveals that in 1965 he met with CIA officers in Washington to discuss new ways of detecting people hiding in dense tropical forests, using electron capture technology. Lovelock describes how he also met with an unnamed General at the Pentagon and scientists at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (now known as DARPA, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Defense_Advanced_Research_Projects_Agency" title="Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency</a></b>, this is a US Department for Defence research organisation). All three agencies appeared disinterested in his proposals, but 'I now know that the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CIA</a>&nbsp;and other American agencies did not make use of my idea until years later,' he writes.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One his return to London he discussed his experiences of the US security services with Lord Rothschild, at one of their monthly meetings. Rothschild - 'it was rumoured that he had worked with the security services during the Second World War' - gave him a phone number and consequently two scientists from the UK's Atomic Weapons Research Establishment came to see Lovelock.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Subsequently, he was invited to go and present his ideas at a meeting in Century House, which was then home to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=MI6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MI6 (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">MI6</a>&nbsp;- though Lovelock does not make this clear. The spooks' 'real interest was in the KGB and its agents in London and other cities', he states. A week later, Lovelock demonstrated his invention in the New Forest to a man called 'Colin Place'.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Later, he was invited to Leconsfield House in Curzon Street, which then housed&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=MI5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MI5 (page does not exist)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">MI5</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;(again, Lovelock glosses over this fact) and was offered a lab at Holton Heath, a defence research establishment in Dorset. He writes that his work had a "high classification'. He also notes: 'The potential for chemical tracing was considerable and soon the security services decided to build a proper new laboratory at Holton Heath specifically for this need'.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> He concludes: 'During my years with the Security Services I developed an instinct for discretion. This was invaluable in my work with multinational companies and other government agencies, where I discovered much more about their workings than I needed to know.</span><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Links_to_anti-Greens"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Links to anti-Greens</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovelock was also one of the original signatories of the 'Declaration in Support of Protecting Nature With High-yield Farming and Forestry.' Other signatories are&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Patrick_Moore" title="Patrick Moore" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Patrick Moore</a>, the ex-Greenpeace founder and now Greenpeace's bete noir, who runs an anti-environmantal PR company called&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Greenspirit_Strategies" title="Greenspirit Strategies" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Greenspirit Strategies</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dennis_Avery" title="Dennis Avery" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Dennis Avery</a>&nbsp;of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Centre_for_Global_Food_Issues&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre for Global Food Issues (page does not exist)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Centre for Global Food Issues</a>&nbsp;which is part of to the right-wing&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Hudson Institute</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Eugene_Lapointe" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Lapointe" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Eugene Lapointe</a>&nbsp;one of the leaders of the international 'Wise Use Movement' and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=World_Conservation_Trust_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Conservation Trust Foundation (page does not exist)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">World Conservation Trust Foundation</a>&nbsp;/<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=IWMC_World_Conservation_Trust" title="IWMC World Conservation Trust" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">IWMC World Conservation Trust</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Norman_Boulag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Boulag (page does not exist)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Norman Boulag</a>, a rabidly pro-GM scientist.</span><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dennis_Avery" title="Dennis Avery" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dennis Avery</a>&nbsp;is one of the main people behind many of the attacks on organic food and author of the inspirationally-titled&nbsp;<i>Saving the Planet with Pesticides and Plastic: The Environmental Triumph of High-Yield Farming</i>. Avery sees himself as a missionary, promoting the high-tech farming industries: pesticides, irradiation, factory farming, and the newcomer: biotechnology.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PRWatch1_29-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-PRWatch1-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Avery is behind misleading claims that organic food is dangerous and is the originator of the 'E. Coli myth' - that people eating organic foods are at a significantly higher risk of food poisoning. He calls organic food a 'gigantic marketing lie'.<sup id="cite_ref-PRWatch1_29-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-PRWatch1-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eugene Lapointe runs the organisation the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=International_Wildlife_Management_Consortium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Wildlife Management Consortium (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Wildlife Management Consortium</a>, a coalition of international hunting, shooting, whaling, right-wing and wise use organisations.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other signatories include&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bruce_Ames" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Ames" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Bruce Ames</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, the controversial cancer scientist on the board of </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">climate-sceptic&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fred_Singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Fred Singer" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Fred Singer</a>'s SEPP</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and a Director of the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=George_C_Marshall_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George C Marshall Institute (page does not exist)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">George C Marshall Institute</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and academic advisor to the&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Reason Foundation</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and&nbsp;</span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Klaus_Amman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klaus Amman (page does not exist)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Klaus Amman</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, a vehemently pro-GM scientist.</span><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_note-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Critical_Books_Reviews"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Critical Books Reviews</font></span></h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.socialismtoday.org/99/gaia.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">The Revenge of Gaia</a>, Socialism Today, 2006.</font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Critical_Articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Critical Articles</font></span></h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=John_Clark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clark (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Clark</a>, 'Sinners in the Hands of an Angry Metaphor: James Lovelock and the Revenge of Gaia' in Capitalism Nature Socialism, vol. 19 #2 (June 2008):51-68.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Catherine Simpson, "Australian eco-horror and Gaia ’ s revenge&nbsp;: animals , eco-nationalism and the ‘ new nature", Intellect (2010).</font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_and_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and resources</font></span></h2><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></span></h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Nuclear_Boosters" title="Nuclear Boosters" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nuclear Boosters</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Lynn Margulis</font></a></li></ul><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h3><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); column-width: 30em;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Gaia&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gaiacharity.org/whoarewe.php?showsplash=0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Who</a>, organizational web page, accessed April 24, 2012.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.williamirwinthompson.org/lindisfarne/listoffellows.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Roster of the Fellows for 2008</a>, williamirwinthompson.org, accessed October 4, 2008.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Centre for Development and the Environment&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sum.uio.no/english/research/projects/arne-ness-chair/chairholders/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Chairholders</a>, organizational web page, accessed April 25, 2012.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">World Pantheist Movement&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pantheism.net/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Home</a>, organizational web page, accessed February 10, 2012.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-5" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goipeace.or.jp/english/activities/award/index.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Goi Peace Award</a>, Goi Peace Foundation, accessed December 16, 2011.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-6" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">J. Gribbin,&nbsp;<i>The Hole in the Sky - Man's Threat to the Ozone Layer</i>, Corgi, 1988, p40-41.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, page 216.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, page 220.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, page 101.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, pages 103-104.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">John Vidal,&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1739226,00.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">UN accused of ignoring 500,000 Chernobyl deaths</a>,&nbsp;<i>The Guardian</i>, March 25, 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-12" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/article61727.ece" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Nuclear power is the only green solution"</a>,&nbsp;<i>The Independent</i>, May 24, 2004.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-13" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">John May&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hqinfo.blogspot.com/2006/01/james-lovelock-man-of-moment.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">James Lovelock: Man of the Moment</a>,&nbsp;<i>The Generalist</i>, January 31, 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-14" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, pages p396-7.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-15" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, page 397.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-16" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, page 143.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-17" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/Nuclear_lifeline_en.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" https="https" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Our Nuclear Lifeline"</a>,&nbsp;<i>Readers Digest</i>, March 2005.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-18" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2001/08/16/ecfsci16.xml" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"We need nuclear power, says the man who inspired the Greens"</a>,&nbsp;<i>Daily Telegraph</i>, August 15, 2001.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-19" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">James Lovelock's website</a>, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-20" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/media/articles/articles.in.english/love-indep-28-8-04.jpg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Time for a rethink?"</a>,&nbsp;<i>The Independent</i>, May 27, 2004.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-21" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sone.org.uk/content/view/42/31/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">SONE website</a>, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-22" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-energy.co.uk/pagetemplate.php?pid=346" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">'The 5th John Collier Memorial Lecture - James Lovelock'</a>, British Energy website, undated, accessed January 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-23" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, p162-3.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-24" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/936043.stm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">BBC News website: 'MI6 attack 'was inevitable''</a>, September 21, 2000.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-25" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Peter Wright,&nbsp;<i>Spycatcher</i>, Heinemann, 1987, p2.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-26" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">James Lovelock,&nbsp;<i>Homage to Gaia</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, pages p170-9.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-27" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highyieldconservation.org/declaration.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">'Declaration in Support of Protecting Nature With High-yield Farming and Forestry'</a>, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-28" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=staff_bio&eid=AverDenn" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Hudson Institute profile of Dennis Avery</a>, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-PRWatch1-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;">↑&nbsp;<sup style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-PRWatch1_29-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span>29.0</a></sup>&nbsp;<sup style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-PRWatch1_29-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">29.1</a></sup></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">Karen Charman,&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1999Q4/avery.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Saving the Planet With Pestilent Statistics"</a>,&nbsp;<i>PR Watch</i>, Volume 6, No. 4, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-30" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iwmc.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">IWMC website</a>, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Lovelock#cite_ref-31" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sepp.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">The Science & Environmental Policy Project website</a>, undated, accessed February 2006.</span></font></li></ol></div><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External resources</font></span></h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Nexial_Institute" title="Nexial Institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nexial Institute</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gaia_Institute" title="Gaia Institute" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Gaia Institute</font></a></li></ul><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External articles</font></span></h3><h4 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_By_Lovelock"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles By Lovelock</font></span></h4><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/connected/main.jhtml?xml=/connected/2001/08/16/ecfsci16.xml" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">We need nuclear power, says the man who inspired the Greens</a>",&nbsp;<i>Daily Telegraph</i>, August 15, 2001.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://world-nuclear-university.org/html/inaugural_ceremony/lovelock.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Inaugural Ceremony of the World Nuclear University</a>", 'World Nuclear University<i>, September 4, 2003.</i></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comment.independent.co.uk/commentators/article61727.ece" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Nuclear power is the only green solution: We have no time to experiment with visionary energy sources; civilisation is in imminent danger</a>",&nbsp;<i>The Independent</i>, May 24, 2004.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/media/articles/articles.in.english/love-indep-28-8-04.jpg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Time for a rethink?</a>" ,&nbsp;<i>The Independent</i>, May 27, 2004.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecolo.org/lovelock/Nuclear_lifeline_en.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" https="https" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Our Nuclear Lifeline</a>",&nbsp;<i>Readers Digest</i>, March 2005.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/environment/article5733427.ece" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Nuclear lies are keeping you afraid: The father of the Gaia theory, says far from being uniquely dangerous, only nuclear power can solve the food and energy crises ahead</a>," The Sunday Times (UK), February 15, 2009.</font></li></ul><h4 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Interviews_with_Lovelock"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Interviews with Lovelock</font></span></h4><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Caroline Scott, "Scientist James Lovelock, 87, recalls the moment when he realised the Earth was a single 'super-organism'",&nbsp;<i>The Weekend Australian</i>, March 24-25, 2007.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetark.org/enviro-news/item/51788" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"'Gaia' Scientist Says Life Doomed By Climate Woes"</a>,&nbsp;<i>Reuters</i>, February 26, 2009.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2010/mar/29/james-lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">James Lovelock on the value of sceptics and why Copenhagen was doomed</a>", March 29, 2010. On a response to climate change he says: "We need a more authoritative world.")</font></li></ul><h4 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_About_Lovelock"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles About Lovelock</font></span></h4><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%23222%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nuclearspin.org/index.php/James_Lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">James Lovelock</a>",&nbsp;<i>Nuclear Spin</i>, accessed August 2006.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ted_Glick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ted Glick (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ted Glick</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zmag.org/zspace/commentaries/3941" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">James Lovelock and the End Times</a>",&nbsp;<i>Znet</i>, August 3, 2009.</font></li></ul></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>:&nbsp;</font><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style: none none; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Nuclear_PR" title="Category:Nuclear PR" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nuclear PR</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Environment" title="Category:Environment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Environment</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Nuclear_power" title="Category:Nuclear power" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nuclear power</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Nuclear_Spin" title="Category:Nuclear Spin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nuclear Spin</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Individuals_linked_to_the_push_for_nuclear" title="Category:Individuals linked to the push for nuclear" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Individuals linked to the push for nuclear</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:UK_Individuals" title="Category:UK Individuals" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UK Individuals</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7/20</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock on Nuclear Power and If AI Can Stop Warming nymag.com › intelligencer ›<b> 2019/10</b> › james-lovelock-o...</font></font></font></font></div><div>Oct 2, 2019 - Gaia theory” scientist James Lovelock talks about nuclear power and his hope that AI might combat climate change and save the planet from ...</div><div>
</div><div>Nuclear power is the only green solution – James Lovelockwww.jameslovelock.org › nuclear-power-is-the-only-gr...</div><div>The scientists who form the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported in 2001 that global temperature would rise between two and six degrees Celsius ...</div><div>
</div><div>James Lovelock: Nuclear power is the only green solution ...www.independent.co.uk › Voices › Commentators</div><div>May 24, 2004 - The scientists who form the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported in 2001 that global temperature would rise between two and ...</div><div>
</div><div>James Lovelock on climate and nuclear energy - YouTubewww.youtube.com › watch</div><div>Jan 4, 2013 - James Lovelock, author, inventor and originator of Gaia Theory, has inspired generations of environmentalists to take care of the earth so it will ...</div><div>
</div><div>Lovelock: 'Only nuclear power can now halt global warming ...www.resilience.org › stories › lovelock-only-nuclear-p...</div><div>May 23, 2004 - In today's Independent, Professor Lovelock says he is concerned by two climatic events in particular: the melting of the Greenland ice sheet, ...</div><div>
</div><div>James Lovelock: The UK should be going mad for fracking ...www.theguardian.com › environment › jun › james-lov...</div><div>Jun 15, 2012 - Scientist James Lovelock is the man behind Gaia theory, and once predicted doom for our climate. He discusses nuclear (good), wind power ...</div><div>
</div><div>The Guardian view on James Lovelock: Earth, but not as we ...www.theguardian.com › commentisfree › jul › the-guar...</div><div>Jul 25, 2019 - Editorial: As he celebrates his centennial birthday, the scientist continues to rewrite our future.</div><div>
</div><div>James Lovelock on the future of AI and climate change - BBC ...www.bbc.com › news › science-environment-48858692</div><div>Jul 4, 2019 - In the 1960s he was a campaigning eco-pioneer and now he's a firm advocate of nuclear power. The BBC Today programme's Mishal Husain ...</div><div>
</div><div>James Lovelock reflects on Gaia's legacy : Nature News ...www.nature.com › news › james-lovelock-reflects-on-gai...</div><div>Apr 9, 2014 - Is climate change going to be less extreme than you previously ... [On the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, Lovelock writes in A Rough Ride to the ...</div><div>by P Ball - ?Cited by 3 - ?Related articles</div><div>Missing: climate ?| Must include: climate</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2015</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://europe.newsweek.com/james-lovelock-saving-planet-foolish-romantic-extravagance-327941</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">NEWSWEEK</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Lovelock: 'Saving the planet is a foolish, romantic extravagance'&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IN THE MAGAZINE&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SCIENCE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BY JAMES FERGUSSON</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ON 5/31/15 AT 12:22 PM</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jim Lovelock, environmentalist, scientist, and celebrated proposer of the Gaia hypothesis, has always taken the long view of Earth's future. So it feels appropriate that he should have retired to a coastguard's cottage perched above Chesil Beach on Dorset's Jurassic Coast – so called because 180 million years of geological history lie exposed along its cliffs and coves.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>This shoreline is constantly eroding. In the winter storms of 2013, Lovelock's cottage was cut off for four days when the road leading to it was washed into the sea – not that Lovelock, whose latest book is entitled A Rough Ride to the Future, needed any reminder of the precariousness of our world. A decade ago, he predicted that billions would be wiped out by floods, drought and famine by 2040. He is more circumspect about that date these days, but he has not changed his underlying belief that the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">consequences of global warming will catch up with us eventually. His conviction that humans are incapable of reversing them</span> </b>– and that it is in any case too late to try – is also unaltered. In the week when the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change reported that the world is still miles off meeting its 2030 carbon emission targets, Lovelock cannot easily be dismissed.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">There are other doomsayers. What makes this one so unusual is his confounding cheerfulness about the approaching apocalypse. His optimism rests on his faith in Gaia – his revolutionary theory, first formulated in the 1970s, that our planet is not just a rock but a complex, self-regulating organism geared to the long-term sustenance of life. This means, among other things, that if there are too many people for the Earth to support, Gaia – Earth – will find a way to get rid of the excess, and carry on.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovelock's concern is less with the survival of humanity than with the continuation of life itself. Against that imperative, the decimation of nations is almost inconsequential to him. "You know, I look with a great deal of equanimity on some sort of happening – not too rapid – that reduces our population down to about a billion," he says, five minutes into our meeting. "I think the Earth would be happier ... A population in England of five or 10 million? Yes, I think that sounds about right." To him, even the prospect of nuclear holocaust has its upside. "The civilisations of the northern hemisphere would be utterly destroyed, no doubt about it," he says, "but it would give life elsewhere a chance to recover. I think actually that Gaia might heave a sigh of relief."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He is driven, at least in part, by a deep affinity for the English countryside. When he warns that sea levels are rising three times faster than the first climatology models predicted, and that this threatens "an awful lot of land north of Cambridge that is one or two meters below sea level", you sense that he really cares about that landscape's fate. No doubt he inherited this affection, along perhaps with a certain independence of spirit and thought, from his father. Born in West Berkshire in 1872, Lovelock senior grew up as a "hunter-gatherer" in support of his impoverished family, until, aged 14, he was caught poaching and imprisoned in Reading for six months. "I am very proud of that first part of my father's life," he says.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Like others of his generation, Lovelock mourns the changes to the countryside wrought by the post-War agricultural revolution. As a young man in the 1930s, he recalls, he cycled from Kent to the West Country, when England was "unbelievably beautiful". "It all looks very green and pleasant around here," he adds, waving at the gentle downland beyond his kitchen window, "but it's nothing compared to what it used to be".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Like Gaia, he has evidently developed certain stratagems for the sustenance of life. One would not guess from his appearance that he will be 96 this year. With his American wife Sandy, who is 20 years his junior, he still walks to the village shops each Saturday, a round-trip of six miles; and his intellectual vigour is so unimpaired that conversing with him soon makes the head spin.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>He contends that the end of the world as we know it began in 1712, the year the Devonshire blacksmith Thomas Newcomen invented the coal-powered steam engine. </b>It was the first time that stored solar energy had been harnessed in any serious way, with effects that now "grip us and our world in a series of unstoppable events. We are like the sorcerer's apprentice, trapped in the consequences of our meddling". Newcomen's discovery set in train more than just the era of industrial development. It also marked the start of a new geological epoch, the "Anthropocene", the most significant characteristic of which, Lovelock believes, has been the emergence of "an entirely new form of evolution" that is one million times faster than the old process of Darwinian natural selection.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>He points out that for half a century now, computing power has roughly doubled every two years – a trajectory of growth known as Moore's Law – and that computers are already capable of many actions far beyond what humans can do. In his scariest scenario, which sounds disturbingly close to the premise of the Arnie Schwarzenegger Terminator movies, he warns that computers could morph into an autarkic life form powerful enough to "destroy us, our carbon life forms, and inherit the Earth".</b> Luckily he thinks this outcome unlikely, and in the end has no fear of the Rise of the Machines. "Computers are entirely rational creations. But true intelligence, the ability to create and to invent, is intuitive – and you can't do rational intuition."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On the other hand, his preferred prediction for humanity is scarcely less disturbing. He foresees the evolution of a man-machine hybrid by a process of endosymbiosis that, he argues, has already begun. <b>"I am already endosymbiotic. I'm fitted with a pacemake</b>r. It runs on a 10-year lithium battery, but the next generation will have its own power supply drawn from the body. I'm already worried about being hacked ... Fairly soon, I think, the internet is going to be fully embedded in our bodies."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Looking further still into the future, he says that life on Earth, based as it presently is on carbon, cannot last beyond 100?million years, because by then it will be too hot. The evolution of a different life form based on some more heat-resistant element – such as electronic silicon</b> – could potentially extend life by another 500?million or even a billion years.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But first, of course, mankind has to survive the immediate global warming crisis. Lovelock is a famously outspoken critic of the green energy revolution, especially wind power, which he describes as "an absolute scam. A great big German scam". The purveyors of wind turbines and solar panels, he says, are like 18th-century doctors trying to cure serious diseases with leeches and mercury. Instead he wants us to embrace nuclear fission, a completely clean energy source that he regards as a "gift". The Western world's prejudice against nuclear – underscored earlier this year when the number of reactors in the US dipped below a hundred for the first time in decades – is "tragic".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"What gets my goat are the lies peddled about Fukushima [the Japanese nuclear reactor disaster of 2011]. Do you know how many people died of radiation? Zero. Not one – although there were 50-odd suicides among people driven to it by fear. Nuclear energy is actually 10 times safer, per GigaWatt hour of production, than wind power. Yet France and Germany responded to Fukushima by temporarily shutting down their entire nuclear industries. It makes no sense." The reason, he thinks, is public ignorance, combined with a form of green politics that amounts to a "new religion – the same force that drives jihadists in Syria". It is, he agrees, a paradox that the new accessibility of information brought about by the internet revolution has intensified, not diminished, the old battle between science and superstition. "There's a campaign in our village to stop a new mobile phone mast. The electromagnetic radiation it will emit is trivial. It's comparable to a household television. Yet the campaigners say it can give you cancer. This is about fear – not facts."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>With one or two exceptions such as Margaret Thatcher and Germany's Angela Merkel, both of whom studied chemistry, he thinks our leaders are just as bad. "If you talk to any politician, American or British or European, they are absolutely blind on matters of science,"</b> he says. He reserves special ire for Tony Blair, "the really mad prime minister" who, swayed by green ideology and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, passed legislation subsidising the renewable energy sector, which made fresh investment in the nuclear industry almost impossible. (This, he argues, is one reason why the heating costs of an average house in the UK are up to 10 times greater than in America, which, overall, has a colder climate. For many years, he asserts, the Lovelocks wintered in St Louis, Missouri, purely in order to avoid British heating bills.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But even a wholesale switch to nuclear power, in his view, would come too late to solve humanity's principal problem, which is overpopulation.</b> The old post-war goal of sustainable development, he says, has become an oxymoron and should be abandoned in favour of a strategy of sustainable retreat. He is scathing about the very idea of "saving the planet", which he calls "the foolish extravagance of romantic Northern ideologues". The vast sums of money being invested in renewable energy would be much better spent on strategies designed to help us survive and adapt, such as flood defences.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Above all, he thinks that we should embrace the ongoing global shift towards urban living. It would, he insists, be far easier and more economic to regulate the climate of cities than our current strategy of attempting to control the temperature of an entire planet. The regions beyond the cities would then be left to Gaia to regulate for herself. It seems a sci-fi fantasy, rather like Mega-City One from the pages of Judge Dredd, a post-apocalypse megalopolis shielded from the "Cursed Earth" beyond by massive boundary walls. But, in fact, the concept is not so futuristic. Noah, arguably, had a similar idea when he built the ark.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It is certainly not a new concept to Lovelock, who wrote a<b> paper for the oil multinational, Shell, as far back as 1966</b> in which he predicted that the cities of the future would become much denser, and that Shell would be making plenty of money out of "the avoidance of ecological disaster". The fictional Mega-City One held 800 million citizens, and incorporated the entire eastern seaboard of the United States. Lovelock points that the average population density of England is higher than that of greater Boston. His 1966 paper, which was recently reprinted by Shell, no longer looks as fantastical as it once did.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Singapore, he suggests, shows us how a city can succeed in an overheated climate. The trend there for building underground, as well as in places like Japan and even London (albeit for different reasons), might be part of the same process of adaptation. Architectural practices from the past might also offer clues to a sustainable retreat in the future. The streets of the medieval Dalmatian island town of Korcula, for instance, follow a unique herringbone plan designed to capture and channel the prevailing, cooling sea breeze.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nature offers models for future city architecture, too. Lovelock is much taken at the moment with termites. Their mounds, he says, are built like the cities of the future might be. Like Korcula, they are oriented towards the prevailing wind. They also tend to lean towards the zenith of the sun, to minimise exposure to its rays at the hottest time of the day – a stratagem that perhaps has its analogue in a recent suggestion by the Scottish nationalist politician Rob Gibson, who wants all new housing estates to be orientated towards the south in order to maximise the efficiency of rooftop solar panels.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(In London, meanwhile, the architects NBBJ recently proposed building the world's first "shadowless skyscraper" by building two towers – one to block out the sun, the other to reflect light down into the shadow of the first).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>More interesting still, a recent paper in Science magazine has shown that termite mounds, once thought to be a sign of encroaching desertification, may actually have the ability to stabilise or even reverse the effects of climate change by trapping rainfall. "Termites are very Gaian,</b>" Lovelock enthuses. "There are these wonderful pictures of little plants growing up between the termite cities. You could look at that as a nice future for humans."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So does Lovelock really think that humanity could end up mimicking social insects? A dumbed-down world inhabited by worker drones might be environmentally efficient, but what about the surrender of privacy that would imply; isn't the sublimation of individuality too high a price to pay? How could such a society ever throw up a Beethoven, a Shakespeare, or an Einstein? "That's true, and of course it depends how far down this track we choose to go," says Lovelock, "but do you think that evolution, as a process, gives two hoots about any of that?"</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is, to be sure, a reductive view of human existence. A man in the twilight of his years, as Lovelock is, might feel a sense of futility. Instead he maintains a steady wonder at what he calls "the ineffable: a lovely word, don't you think?" while apparently seeking no earthly legacy beyond a modest hope that he will be remembered as having been consistent in his arguments.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As a man of science, he remains agnostic on the subject of God. And yet, he says, "I am beginning to swing round, to think more and more, that there's something in Barrow and Tipler's cosmic-anthropic principle – the idea that the universe was set up in such a way that the formation of intelligent life on some planet somewhere was inevitable ... The more you look at the universe, the more puzzling it is that all the figures are just right for the appearance on this planet of people like us."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For the time being our species may be, as he has written, "scared and confused, like a colony of red ants exposed when we lift the garden slab that is the lid of their nest". But he is also content to be one of those ants, because he sees a kind of beauty in that confusion – and perhaps even some sort of grand design. "Humanity may be as important to Earth, to Gaia, as the first photo-synthesisers," he thinks. "We are the first species to harvest information ... that is something very special."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Above all he is convinced that mankind can recover itself – and in this he may be a product of his vanishing generation. Some years ago, at a lecture in Edinburgh, I heard him reminisce how marvellously the British nation had pulled together when threatened by Nazi invasion, but that it had taken that existential threat to make them do so. When the climate crisis finally breaks, he believes, the world's differences will again be put aside – and our species, for all its present idiocies, will pull together in a way that will astonish the cynics among us.&nbsp;</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3/14</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmentalism has "become a religion" and does not pay enough attention to facts, according to James Lovelock.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The 94 year-old scientist, famous for his Gaia hypothesis that Earth is a self-regulating, single organism, also said that he had been too certain about the rate of global warming in his past book, that "it’s just as silly to be a [climate] denier as it is to be a believer” and that fracking and nuclear power should power the UK, not renewable sources such as windfarms.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-repeat: no-repeat;">Speaking to the Guardian for an interview</span>&nbsp;XXXahead of a landmark UN climate science report on Monday on the impacts of climate change, Lovelock said of the warnings of climate catastrophe in his 2006 book, Revenge of Gaia: "I was a little too certain in that book. You just can’t tell what’s going to happen."</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It [the impact from climate change] could be terrible within a few years, though that’s very unlikely, or it could be hundreds of years before the climate becomes unbearable," he said.&nbsp;<br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" /></font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock's comments appear to be at odds with dire forecasts from a report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on Monday, which&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/28/ipcc-report-climate-change-report-human-natural-systems" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; text-decoration: none; background-repeat: no-repeat;">leaked versions show</a>&nbsp;will warn that even small temperature rises will bring "abrupt and irreversible changes" to natural systems, including Arctic sea ice and coral reefs.</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Asked if his remarks would give ammunition to climate change sceptics, he said: "It’s just as silly to be a denier as it is to be a believer. You can’t be certain."</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Talking about the environmental movement, Lovelock says: "It’s become a religion, and religions don’t worry too much about facts." The retired scientist, who worked at the Medical Research Council, describes himself as an "old-fashioned green."</font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock reiterated&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2012/jun/15/james-lovelock-interview-gaia-theory" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; text-decoration: none; background-repeat: no-repeat;">his support for fracking for shale gas</a>, which has been&nbsp;<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/26/fracking-good-for-uk-cameron" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; text-decoration: none; background-repeat: no-repeat;">strongly backed by David Cameron and the government</a>&nbsp;but vigorously opposed by anti-fracking activists and local people at sites from Salford to Balcombe in West Sussex.<br style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;" /></font></p><p style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; border-collapse: collapse; line-height: 18.9871px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The government is too frightened to use nuclear, renewables won’t work –because we don’t have enough sun – and we can’t go on burning coal because it produces so much CO2, so that leaves fracking. It produces only a fraction of the amount of CO2 that coal does, and will make Britain secure in energy for quite a few years. We don’t have much choice," he said....</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><a href="http://radiooutthere.com/blog/environment-2/" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://radiooutthere.com/blog/environment-2/</font></a><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">after new ice collapse studies published:</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; line-height: 19.456px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On the other side of the story my question is, why is the mainstream media ignoring these stories that question climate change…</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">+</font></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><i style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;<b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">Green Guru James Lovelock on Climate Change: ‘I don’t think anybody Really Knows what’s Happening. They just Guess’</b></font></b></i></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><i style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock Reverses Himself on Global Warming</font></b></i></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By:<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;Marc Morano</span>&nbsp;-<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;Climate Depot</span></font></b></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.climatedepot.com/2014/04/03/green-guru-james-lovelock-on-" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; outline: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153);">http://www.climatedepot.com/<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />2014/04/03/green-guru-james-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />lovelock-on-</a>climate-change-i-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />dont-think-anybody-really-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />knows-whats-happening-they-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />just-guess-lovelock-reverses-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />himself-on-global-warming/</font></b></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">April 3, 2014&nbsp;</font></b></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Green guru and geophysicist James Lovelock, considered one of the pioneering scientists of the 20th century, has officially turned his back on man-made global warming claims and the green movement’s focus on renewable energy. Lovelock conceived the&nbsp;Gaia theory back in the 1970s, describing the Earth’s biosphere as “an active, adaptive control system able to maintain the earth in homeostasis.”</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">In an April 3, 2014 BBC TV interview,</b>&nbsp;Lovelock has come out swinging at his fellow environmentalists, accusing the<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;new UN IPCC global warming report</span>&nbsp;of plagiarizing his now retracted climate claims from his 2006 book<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;‘The Revenge of Gaia.’</span></font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The last IPCC report is very similar to the (now retracted) statements I made in my book about 8 years ago, called<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;</span><i style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">The Revenge of Gaia</i>. It’s almost as if they’ve copied it,” Lovelock told<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">&nbsp;BBC Newsnight television&nbsp;program&nbsp;on April 3</span>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; BBC interviewer&nbsp;Jeremy Paxman noted to Lovelock during the April 3 program: &nbsp;“Sure. But you then, after publishing these apocalyptic predictions, you then retracted them.”</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The newly skeptical Lovelock responded:&nbsp;“Well, that’s my privilege. You see,<b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">&nbsp;I’m an independent scientist.</b>&nbsp;I’m not funded by some government department or commercial body or anything like that. If I make a mistake, then I can go public with it. And you have to, because it is only by making mistakes that you can move ahead.”</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock dismissed the entire basis for global warming concerns in his BBC television interview. “Take this climate matter everybody is thinking about. They all talk, they pass laws, they do things, as if they knew what was happening. I don’t think anybody really knows what’s happening. They just guess. And a whole group of them meet together and encourage each other’s guesses,” Lovelock explained.</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">SEE:</b></i><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">&nbsp;James Lovelock: Environmentalism has become a Religion -</b><i style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">&nbsp;Scientist behind the Gaia hypothesis says environment movement does not pay enough attention to facts and he was too certain in the past about rising temperatures</i></font></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">&nbsp;</b></i><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/30/james-lovelock-en" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; outline: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153);">http://www.theguardian.com/<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />environment/2014/mar/30/james-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />lovelock-en</a>vironmentalism-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />religion</b></font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">A UN Lead Author, Dr. Richard Tol,</b>&nbsp;joined Lovelock this week in slamming the UN and had his name removed from the IPCC report. See:&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">UN IPCC LEAD AUTHOR Dr. Richard Tol rips IPCC:</span>&nbsp;‘The idea that climate change poses an existential threat to humankind is laughable’</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other reactions to the UN report echoed Tol. See:&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">Pre-Determined ‘Science’</span>: Round Up of New UN IPCC Report: Human Extinction? IPCC at ‘beck and call’ of Govts&nbsp;&nbsp; -&nbsp;<a href="http://www.climatedepot.com/2014/03/31/climate-porn-pre-determined-sc" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153);">http://www.climatedepot.com/<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />2014/03/31/climate-porn-pre-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />determined-sc</a>ience-round-up-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />of-new-un-ipcc-report-human-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />extinction-ipcc-at-beck-and-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />call-of-govts-un-officials-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />predicted-alarming-report-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />years-ago/</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another prominent scientist also dissented this week:&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">Freeman Dyson</span>&nbsp;- the world-renowned mathematical physicist: ‘I have strong views about climate because I think the majority is badly wrong ‘&nbsp; -&nbsp;<a href="http://www.climatedepot.com/2014/03/31/freeman-dyson-the-world-renown" target="blank" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; border-bottom: 1px dashed rgb(153, 153, 153);">http://www.climatedepot.com/<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />2014/03/31/freeman-dyson-the-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />world-renown</a>ed-mathematical-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />physicist-i-have-strong-views-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />about-climate-because-i-think-<wbr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;" />the-majority-is-badly-wrong/</font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Just last week, Lovelock compared believe in man-made climate alarm to “‘religion.” See:&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">Gaia inventor James Lovelock: ‘Environmentalism has become a religion, and religions don’t worry too much about facts’ – March 31, 2014</span></font></div><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Back in 2006, Lovelock was a committed man-made global warming activist, promoting scary climate scenarios. See:&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">Climate Shocker: Lovelock Predicted Global Warming Doom:</span>&nbsp;‘Billions of us will die; few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in Arctic where the climate remains tolerable<b style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">‘&nbsp;&&nbsp;</b>Gaia scientist Lovelock: ‘I was WRONG and alarmist on climate: a scientist: ‘I swore Earth should be frying by now’.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ‘In 2006 Dr. Lovelock predicted the Earth ‘would catch a morbid fever’ that would destroy six billion people – ‘the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic where the climate remains tolerable’</font></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock has since reversed himself and now serves a vocal critic of the man-made global warming movement. -&nbsp;<span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-decoration: underline;">Flashback April 2012:</span>&nbsp;‘Gaia’ scientist James Lovelock reverses himself: I was ‘alarmist’ about climate change & so was Gore! ‘The problem is we don’t know what the climate is doing. We thought we knew 20 years ago’</font></div></div><div style="line-height: 19.456px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1965 executives at Shell wanted to know what the world would look like in the year 2000. They consulted a range of experts, who speculated about fusion-powered hovercrafts and "all sorts of fanciful technological stuff". When the oil company asked the scientist James Lovelock, he predicted that the main problem in 2000 would be the environment. "It will be worsening then to such an extent that it will seriously affect their business," he said.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"And of course," Lovelock says, with a smile 43 years later, "that's almost exactly what's happened."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock has been dispensing predictions from his one-man laboratory in an old mill in Cornwall since the mid-1960s, the consistent accuracy of which have earned him a reputation as one of Britain's most respected - if maverick - independent scientists. Working alone since the age of 40, he invented a device that detected CFCs, which helped detect the growing hole in the ozone layer, and introduced the Gaia hypothesis, a revolutionary theory that the Earth is a self-regulating super-organism. Initially ridiculed by many scientists as new age nonsense, today that theory forms the basis of almost all climate science.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For decades, his advocacy of nuclear power appalled fellow environmentalists - but recently increasing numbers of them have come around to his way of thinking. His latest book, The Revenge of Gaia, predicts that by 2020 extreme weather will be the norm, causing global devastation; that by 2040 much of Europe will be Saharan; and parts of London will be underwater. The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report deploys less dramatic language - but its calculations aren't a million miles away from his.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As with most people, my panic about climate change is equalled only by my confusion over what I ought to do about it. A meeting with Lovelock therefore feels a little like an audience with a prophet. Buried down a winding track through wild woodland, in an office full of books and papers and contraptions involving dials and wires, the 88-year-old presents his thoughts with a quiet, unshakable conviction that can be unnerving. More alarming even than his apocalyptic climate predictions is his utter certainty that almost everything we're trying to do about it is wrong.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On the day we meet, the Daily Mail has launched a campaign to rid Britain of plastic shopping bags. The initiative sits comfortably within the current canon of eco ideas, next to ethical consumption, carbon offsetting, recycling and so on - all of which are premised on the calculation that individual lifestyle adjustments can still save the planet. This is, Lovelock says, a deluded fantasy. Most of the things we have been told to do might make us feel better, but they won't make any difference. Global warming has passed the tipping point, and catastrophe is unstoppable.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"It's just too late for it," he says. "Perhaps if we'd gone along routes like that in 1967, it might have helped. But we don't have time. All these standard green things, like sustainable development, I think these are just words that mean nothing. I get an awful lot of people coming to me saying you can't say that, because it gives us nothing to do. I say on the contrary, it gives us an immense amount to do. Just not the kinds of things you want to do."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He dismisses eco ideas briskly, one by one. "Carbon offsetting? I wouldn't dream of it. It's just a joke. To pay money to plant trees, to think you're offsetting the carbon? You're probably making matters worse. You're far better off giving to the charity Cool Earth, which gives the money to the native peoples to not take down their forests."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Do he and his wife try to limit the number of flights they take? "No we don't. Because we can't." And recycling, he adds, is "almost certainly a waste of time and energy", while having a "green lifestyle" amounts to little more than "ostentatious grand gestures". He distrusts the notion of ethical consumption. "Because always, in the end, it turns out to be a scam ... or if it wasn't one in the beginning, it becomes one."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Somewhat unexpectedly, Lovelock concedes that the Mail's plastic bag campaign seems, "on the face of it, a good thing". But it transpires that this is largely a tactical response; he regards it as merely more rearrangement of Titanic deckchairs, "but I've learnt there's no point in causing a quarrel over everything". He saves his thunder for what he considers the emptiest false promise of all - renewable energy.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"You're never going to get enough energy from wind to run a society such as ours," he says. "Windmills! Oh no. No way of doing it. You can cover the whole country with the blasted things, millions of them. Waste of time."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is all delivered with an air of benign wonder at the intractable stupidity of people. "I see it with everybody. People just want to go on doing what they're doing. They want business as usual. They say, 'Oh yes, there's going to be a problem up ahead,' but they don't want to change anything."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovelock believes global warming is now irreversible, and that nothing can prevent large parts of the planet becoming too hot to inhabit, or sinking underwater, resulting in mass migration, famine and epidemics. Britain is going to become a lifeboat for refugees from mainland Europe, so instead of wasting our time on wind turbines we need to start planning how to survive. To Lovelock, the logic is clear. The sustainability brigade are insane to think we can save ourselves by going back to nature; our only chance of survival will come not from less technology, but more.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear power, he argues, can solve our energy problem - the bigger challenge will be food. "Maybe they'll synthesise food. I don't know. Synthesising food is not some mad visionary idea; you can buy it in Tesco's, in the form of Quorn. It's not that good, but people buy it. You can live on it." But he fears we won't invent the necessary technologies in time, and expects "about 80%" of the world's population to be wiped out by 2100. Prophets have been foretelling Armageddon since time began, he says. "But this is the real thing."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Faced with two versions of the future - Kyoto's preventative action and Lovelock's apocalypse - who are we to believe? Some critics have suggested Lovelock's readiness to concede the fight against climate change owes more to old age than science: "People who say that about me haven't reached my age," he says laughing.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But when I ask if he attributes the conflicting predictions to differences in scientific understanding or personality, he says: "Personality."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There's more than a hint of the controversialist in his work, and it seems an unlikely coincidence that Lovelock became convinced of the irreversibility of climate change in 2004, at the very point when the international consensus was coming round to the need for urgent action. Aren't his theories at least partly driven by a fondness for heresy?</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Not a bit! Not a bit! All I want is a quiet life! But I can't help noticing when things happen, when you go out and find something. People don't like it because it upsets their ideas."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the suspicion seems confirmed when I ask if he's found it rewarding to see many of his climate change warnings endorsed by the IPCC. "Oh no! In fact, I'm writing another book now, I'm about a third of the way into it, to try and take the next steps ahead."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Interviewers often remark upon the discrepancy between Lovelock's predictions of doom, and his good humour. "Well I'm cheerful!" he says, smiling. "I'm an optimist. It's going to happen."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Humanity is in a period exactly like 1938-9, he explains, when "we all knew something terrible was going to happen, but didn't know what to do about it". But once the second world war was under way, "everyone got excited, they loved the things they could do, it was one long holiday ... so when I think of the impending crisis now, I think in those terms. A sense of purpose - that's what people want."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At moments I wonder about Lovelock's credentials as a prophet. Sometimes he seems less clear-eyed with scientific vision than disposed to see the version of the future his prejudices are looking for. A socialist as a young man, he now favours market forces, and it's not clear whether his politics are the child or the father of his science. His hostility to renewable energy, for example, gets expressed in strikingly Eurosceptic terms of irritation with subsidies and bureaucrats. But then, when he talks about the Earth - or Gaia - it is in the purest scientific terms all.</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"There have been seven disasters since humans came on the earth, very similar to the one that's just about to happen. I think these events keep separating the wheat from the chaff. And eventually we'll have a human on the planet that really does understand it and can live with it properly. That's the source of my optimism."</font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What would Lovelock do now, I ask, if he were me? He smiles and says: "Enjoy life while you can. Because if you're lucky it's going to be 20 years before it hits the fan."</font></p><p style="line-height: 19.456px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2008/mar/01/scienceofclimatechange.climatechange" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2008/mar/01/scienceofclimatechange.climatechange</a></span></font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Biographical_Information">Biographical Information</span></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;">"Lynn Margulis, Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Geosciences at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, received the 1999 National Medal of Science from President Bill Clinton. She has been a member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=U.S.National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Academy of Sciences" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. National Academy of Sciences</a>&nbsp;since 1983 and of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Russian_Academy_of_Natural_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Natural Sciences" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Russian Academy of Natural Sciences</a>&nbsp;since 1997. Author, editor, or coauthor of chapters in more than forty books, she has published or been profiled in many journals, magazines, and books, among them Natural History, Science, Nature, New England Watershed, Scientific American, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Science Firsts, and The Scientific 100. She has made numerous contributions to the primary scientific literature of microbial evolution and cell biology.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;">"Margulis's theory of species evolution by symbiogenesis, put forth in Acquiring Genomes (co-authored with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Dorion_Sagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dorion Sagan (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">Dorion Sagan</a>, 2002), describes how speciation does not occur by random mutation alone but rather by symbiotic détente. Behavioral, chemical, and other interactions often lead to integration among organisms, members of different taxa. In well-documented cases some mergers create new species. Intimacy, physical contact of strangers, becomes part of the engine of life's evolution that accelerates the process of change. Margulis works in the laboratory and field with many other scientists and students to show how specific ancient partnerships, in a given order over a billion years, generated the cells of the species we see with our unaided eyes.The fossil record, in fact, does not show Darwin's predicted gradual changes between closely related species but rather the "punctuated equilibrium" pattern described by Eldredge and Gould: a jump from one to a different species.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;">"She has worked on the "revolution in evolution" since she was a graduate student. Over the past fifteen years, Margulis has cowritten several books with Dorion Sagan, among them What is Sex? (1997), What is Life? (1995), Mystery Dance: On the Evolution of Human Sexuality (1991), Microcosmos: Four Billion Years of Evolution from Our Microbial Ancestors (1986), and Origins of Sex:Three Billion Years of Genetic Recombination (1986).</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;">"Her work with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=K.V.Schwartz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="K.V. Schwartz (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background: none;">K.V. Schwartz</a>&nbsp;provides a consistent formal classification of all life on Earth and has lead to the third edition of Five Kingdoms: An Illustrated Guide to the Phyla of Life on Earth (1998). Their classification scheme was generated from scientific results of myriad colleagues and its logical-genealogical basis is summarized in her single-authored book Symbiosis in Cell Evolution: Microbial Communities in the Archean and Proterozoic Eons (second edition, 1993). The bacterial origins of both chloroplasts and mitochondria are now well established. Currently, with colleagues and students, she explores the possible origin of cilia from spirochetes.</p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;">"Since the mid-1970s, Margulis has aided&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_E.Lovelock" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Lovelock" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">James E. Lovelock</a>, FRS, in documenting his Gaia Theory, which posits that the Earth's surface interactions among living beings, rocks and soil, air and water have created a vast, self-regulating system. From the vantage of outer space the Earth looks like an amazing being; from the vantage of biochemistry it behaves in many ways like a giant organism.&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lynn_Margulis#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a></sup></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Affiliations">Affiliations</span></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Global_Business_Network" title="Global Business Network" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Global Business Network</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Earthwatch_Institute:International_Advisory_Council" title="Earthwatch Institute: International Advisory Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Earthwatch Institute: International Advisory Council</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lindisfarne_Association" title="Lindisfarne Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lindisfarne Association</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gaia_Society" title="Gaia Society" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Gaia Society ‎</a></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;">
</p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: "Linux Libertine", Georgia, Times, serif; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Resources_and_articles">Resources and articles</span></h2><h3 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_Sourcewatch">Related Sourcewatch</span></h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%225%22 height=%2213%22%3E %3Ccircle cx=%222.5%22 cy=%229%22 r=%222.5%22 fill=%22%23222%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Chelsea_Green" title="Chelsea Green" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Chelsea Green</a></li></ul><h3 style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; font-size: 1.2em; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></h3><div class="mw-references-wrap" style="color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-size: 14px;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Lynn_Margulis#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">↑</a></span>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text">chelseagreen&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chelseagreen.com/authors/lynn_margulis/" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px;">Lynn Margulis</a>, organizational web page, accessed February 12, 2013.</span></li></ol></div><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Green Guru James Lovelock on Climate Change: 'I don't think ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">www.climatedepot.com/.../green-guru-james-lovelock-on-climate-chan...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Climate Depot</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Apr 3, 2014 - Lovelock, on BBC TV, slams the global warming claims including those of of the United Nations climate panel. 'They just guess. And a whole ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">We should give up trying to save the world from climate change, says ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">www.telegraph.co.uk › News › Science › Science News</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">The Daily Telegraph</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Apr 8, 2014 - The scientist and inventor James Lovelock claims we should stop trying to save the planet from global warming and instead retreat to climate controlled cities. ... James Lovelock, who first detected CFCs in the atmosphere and proposed the Gaia hypotheses, claims society should retreat ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock Finally Walks Back His Absurd Doomism, But He Still ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">thinkprogress.org/climate/.../james-lovelock-finally-walks-back-his-abs...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">ThinkProgress</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Apr 23, 2012 - 'Gaia' scientist James Lovelock: I was 'alarmist' about climate change ... range (see “An Illustrated Guide to the Science of Global Warming ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lovelock</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Wikipedia</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Jump to Climate - Main articles: Climate change and Global warming ... According to James Lovelock, by 2040, the world population of more than six ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock: 'Saving the planet is a foolish, romantic extravagance'</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">europe.newsweek.com/james-lovelock-saving-planet-foolish-romantic-extravagance-...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">May 31, 2015 - Jim Lovelock, environmentalist, scientist, and celebrated proposer of the Gaia ... belief that the consequences of global warming will catch up with us eventually. ... In the week when the Grantham Research Institute on Climate ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock | Environment | The Guardian</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">www.theguardian.com/environment/james-lovelock</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">The Guardian</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Podcast Science Weekly podcast: James Lovelock on the future of planet Earth ... Environment blog Fracking: where's the debate about its climate change risks? .... Global warming has always energised Hay audiences – but this year the ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock: we should give up on saving the planet – video ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Video for james lovelock climate global? 4:04</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">www.theguardian.com › ... › James Lovelock</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">The Guardian</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Apr 10, 2014</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock has spent his career in science defying the ... The theory shaped environmental scientists ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock: 'enjoy life while you can: in 20 years global warming ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">www.theguardian.com › Environment › Climate change</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">The Guardian</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Mar 1, 2008 - The climate science maverick believes catastrophe is inevitable, carbon offsetting is a joke and ethical living a scam. So what would he do, ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">James Lovelock reflects on Gaia's legacy : Nature News & Comment</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">www.nature.com/news/james-lovelock-reflects-on-gaia-s-legacy-1.15017</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Nature</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Apr 9, 2014 - The new exhibition features some of scientist James Lovelock's inventions, including this ... Is climate change going to be less extreme than you previously thought? ... Rising ocean acidity will exacerbate global warming.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">'Gaia' scientist James Lovelock: I was 'alarmist' about climate change ...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">worldnews.nbcnews.com/.../11144098-gaia-scientist-james-lovelock-i-wa...</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">NBC News</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 18.9871px;">Apr 23, 2012 - James Lovelock, the maverick scientist who became a guru to the ... NOAA reports its data in monthly U.S. and global climate reports and ....</span></font></p><p style="line-height: 18.9871px; margin: 0px 0px 13px; padding: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-repeat: no-repeat;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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