port arthur
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="http://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/hilton-kelley/">http://www.goldmanprize.org/recipient/hilton-kelley/</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><div class="opening-remarks" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.681em; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hilton Kelley is a leading figure in the battle for environmental justice on the Texas Gulf Coast, as he fights for communities living in the shadow of polluting industries.</font></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Located among eight major petrochemical and hazardous waste facilities on the Texas Gulf Coast, the largely African-American West Side neighborhood of Port Arthur has long suffered as a result of the near constant emissions spewing from smokestacks ringing the community. Port Arthur is noted by the EPA as having some of the highest levels of toxic air releases in the country, and the companies operating the local plants have been cited with hundreds of state air pollution violations.</font></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The West Side’s asthma and cancer rates are among the highest in the state, while the community’s income levels are among the lowest. As industry has grown, local property values have plummeted. Few jobs exist in the plants for West Side residents. At the end of each workday, a stream of cars heads away from Port Arthur’s industrial facilities toward the more affluent towns nearby as the gas flares continue to burn within sight of the West Side’s schools and federal housing projects.</font></p></div><div class="entry-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; outline: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; overflow: hidden;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The facilities operating in the area include the <span data-scaytid="7" data-scayt_word="Motiva" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Motiva</span> oil refinery, the Valero refinery, the Huntsman Petrochemical plant, the Chevron Phillips plant, the Great Lakes Carbon Corporation’s petroleum facility, the Total Petrochemicals USA facility, <span data-scaytid="8" data-scayt_word="Veolia" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Veolia</span> incinerator facility and the <span data-scaytid="9" data-scayt_word="BASF" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">BASF</span> <span data-scaytid="10" data-scayt_word="Fina" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Fina</span>Petrochemicals plant.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hilton Kelley was born and raised on the West Side of Port Arthur and spent many of his early years in the Carver Terrace public housing project on the fence line of the <span data-scaytid="15" data-scayt_word="Motiva" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Motiva</span> refinery. Back then, in the late <span data-scaytid="18" data-scayt_word="1970s" style="box-sizing: border-box; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">1970s</span>, the West Side had a lively main street, and though people struggled financially, there was a sense of community pride among the residents. Even then, Kelley remembers the smell of sulfur from the refineries being a near constant presence, but people in the community did not discuss it.</font></p></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As of the 2010 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census" title="Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">census</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup> there were 53,818 people, 20,183 households, and 13,191 families residing in the city. The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">population density</a> was 654.6 people per square mile (250.5/km²). There were 23,577 housing units at an average density of 284.4 per square mile (109.8/km²)</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. The racial makeup of the city was 41.7% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">African American</a>, 37.9% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">White</a>, 1.2% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Native American</a>, 6.3% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Asian</a>, 0.1% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islander(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Pacific Islander</a>, and 15.3% from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">other races</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Hispanic</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Latino</a> of any race were 29.6% of the population.</span></font></p><table class="toccolours" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; border-spacing: 1px; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0px 0px 1em 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="navbox-title" style="padding: 0.25em 3px; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Historical population</font></th></tr><tr style=""><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Census</font></th><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><abbr title="Population" style="border-bottom: 0px; cursor: help;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Pop.</font></abbr></th><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid black;" /><th style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"><abbr title="Percent change" style="border-bottom: 0px; cursor: help;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">%±</font></abbr></th></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1900_United_States_Census" title="1900 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1900</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">900</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">—</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_United_States_Census" title="1910 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1910</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">7,663</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">751.4%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_United_States_Census" title="1920 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1920</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">22,251</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">190.4%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_United_States_Census" title="1930 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1930</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">50,902</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">128.8%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1940_United_States_Census" title="1940 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1940</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">46,140</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">−9.4%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_United_States_Census" title="1950 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1950</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">57,530</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">24.7%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_United_States_Census" title="1960 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1960</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">66,676</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">15.9%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970_United_States_Census" title="1970 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1970</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">57,371</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">−14.0%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_United_States_Census" title="1980 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1980</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">61,251</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">6.8%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_United_States_Census" title="1990 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">1990</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">58,724</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">−4.1%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" title="2000 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2000</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">57,755</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">−1.7%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_United_States_Census" title="2010 United States Census" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2010</font></a></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">53,818</font></td><td style="" /><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">−6.8%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Est. 2016</font></b></td><td style="padding-left: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">55,427</font></td><td style=""><sup id="cite_ref-USCensusEst2016_12-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-USCensusEst2016-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">[12]</font></a></sup></td><td style="padding-left: 8px; text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">3.0%</font></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="border-top: 1px solid black; text-align: left;"><center><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_13-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-DecennialCensus-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup></font></center></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">There were 20.183 households out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.2% were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">married couples</a> living together, 19.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.6% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.31.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In the city, the population had 27.0% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 25.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.3 years. For every 100 females there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.1 males.</font></p><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="2000_census_data">2000 census data</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Arthur,Texas&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: 2000 census data" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h3><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As of the census of 2000,</span><sup id="cite_ref-GR2_1-1" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-GR2-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> the median income for a household in the city was $26,455, and the median income for a family was $32,143. Males had a median income of $30,915 versus $21,063 for females.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">per capita income</a> for the city was $14,183. About 22.9% of families and 25.2% of the population were below the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">poverty line</a>. Out of the total people living in poverty, 35.2% were under age 18 and 14.4% were age 65 or over.</span></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-headline" id="Economy">Economy</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_Arthur,Texas&action=edit§ion=8" title="Edit section: Economy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
Home to a large portion of United States refining capacity, Port Arthur is now seeing renewed investment in several key installations. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiva_Enterprises" title="Motiva Enterprises" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Motiva Enterprises</a> is undertaking a major addition to its western Port Arthur refinery, expanding capacity to 600,000 barrels per day (95,000 m<sup style="line-height: 1;">3</sup>/d).<sup id="cite_ref-setx.org_14-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-setx.org-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup> This $10.0 billion project is the largest US refinery expansion to occur in 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-setx.org_14-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-setx.org-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup>Premcor Refining (now Valero) recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2011)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> completed a $775 million expansion of its petrochemical plant, and BASF/Fina commenced operations of a new $1.75 billion gasification and cogeneration unit on premises of its current installation, which had just completed its own $1 billion upgrade. These operations are supported by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Port_Arthur" title="Port of Port Arthur" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Port of Port Arthur</a>, one of Texas' leading seaports. But, Port Arthur still suffers from one of the highest unemployment rates in the state.After decades of stagnation and neglect in the area economy because of a decline in the oil industry, Port Arthur is reviving in the 21st century.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Several large projects involving the energy infrastructure are underway or proposed, the two largest being the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Pass" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Golden Pass</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabine_Pass" title="Sabine Pass" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sabine Pass</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNG" class="mw-redirect" title="LNG" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">LNG</a> terminals. These separate projects under construction in neighboring Sabine Pass have brought cumulative initial investments of $2 billion, and will employ thousands at peak construction.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1; white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The city was the site of an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Port_Arthur_oil_spill" title="2010 Port Arthur oil spill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">oil spill</a> in 2010, when an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">oil tanker</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barge" title="Barge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">barge</a> collided, causing 450,000 gallons of oil to spill into the Sabine/Neches waterway alongside the city.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur,Texas#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup></font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">nederland</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">As of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Census" title="Census" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">census</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland,Texas#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of 2010, there were 17,547 people, 7,122 households, and 4,944 families residing in the city. The </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">population density</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> was 3,063.2 people per square mile (1,182.2/km²). There were 7,226 housing units at an average density of 1,270.5 per square mile (490.3/km²).</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> The racial makeup of the city was 87.8% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">White</a>, 10.7% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanic(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Hispanic</a> or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latino(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Latino</a>, 4% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">African American</a>, 0.33% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Native American</a>, 2.8% <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Asian</a>, 0.0%</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Islander(U.S.Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Pacific Islander</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, 3.4% from </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">other races</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and 1.7% from two or more races.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There were 7,122 households out of which 30.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">married couples</a> living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.6% were non-families. 26.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.96.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the city the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.3 years. For every 100 females there were 95.3 males.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The median income for a household in the city was $53,231, and the median income for a family was $61,149. Males had a median income of $43,691 versus $25,457 for females. The </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">per capita income</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> for the city was $26,285. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">About 5.4% of families and 6.0% of the population were below the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poverty_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Poverty line" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">poverty line</a>, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.6% of those age 65 or over.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nederland is within a subtropical coastal plains. The proximity to the coast contributes to high humidity during the summer months. The region also has its share of tropical storms.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On September 23, 2005, Nederland was hit by Hurricane Rita, a category 3 hurricane causing 12 billion dollars of damage in South East Texas and Southwest Louisiana.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On September 13, 2007, Nederland was hit by Hurricane Humberto, a category 1 hurricane. The eye of the hurricane passed over the city.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">On September 13, 2008, Nederland was hit by hurricane-force winds of Hurricane Ike, a category 2 hurricane that came ashore at Galveston, TX and pushed an 18-foot storm surge ahead of it. The Golden Triangle area of Nederland<b>, Port Arthur</b>, Port Neches and Beaumont were spared from the surge by the sea wall that surrounds Port Arthur. Bridge City, Orange and the outlying areas were severely flooded.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland,Texas#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p></div><div><table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nederland_Independent_School_District" title="Nederland Independent School District" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nederland Independent School District</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">622</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7.70%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phillpott_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillpott Motors (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Phillpott Motors</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">225</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.78%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mid-County Extended Care Hospital</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">138</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1.71%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Warner" title="Time Warner" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Time Warner</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">132</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1.63%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Oil_Co." class="mw-redirect" title="Sun Oil Co." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Sun Oil Co.</font></b></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">115</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1.42%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=City_of_Nederland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="City of Nederland (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">City of Nederland</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">110</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1.36%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6</font></b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">DuPont</font></b></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">75</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0.93%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JK_Chevrolet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JK Chevrolet (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">JK Chevrolet</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">70</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0.87%</font></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8</font></b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unocal" class="mw-redirect" title="Unocal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Unocal</font></b></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">65</font></b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0.80%</font></b></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">9</font></b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_Liquide" title="Air Liquide" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Air Liquide</font></b></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">40</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">0.49%</font></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div></div>