Lee Casey esq
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">rivkin partner in crime jr</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div class="GGD0W3FBKT" aria-hidden="false" style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 16px; float: left; top: 3px; left: 5px; margin-right: 110px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Croatia</div><button type="button" class="GGD0W3FBBT" aria-hidden="false" style="font-size: 10px; white-space: nowrap; float: right; top: 5px; right: 5px;">Edit</button><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); clear: both; position: relative;" /><div class="GGD0W3FBKS" aria-hidden="false" style="float: left; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); clear: both;" /><div class="gwt-HTML" aria-hidden="false" style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB999199176608518680" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB999199176608518680</font></a><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">INTERNATIONAL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Putting the Hague Court on Trial</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Updated Aug. 31, 2001 12:01 a.m. ET</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By David B. Rivkin Jr. and Lee A. Casey. Messrs. Rivkin and Casey are partners in the law firm of Baker & Hostetler LLP, practicing in its Washington, D.C., office, and served in the U.S. Department of Justice under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The case against Slobodan Milosevic continued at the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague yesterday, with the former Yugoslav dictator now facing potential indictments not just for genocide in Kosovo but also in Croatia and Bosnia. Much of the world rejoices...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TO READ THE FULL STORY...</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Opinion</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Crimes Outside the World's Jurisdiction</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By DAVID B. RIVKIN JR. and LEE A. CASEYJULY 22, <b>2003</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A crusading Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzón, has been winning praise from human rights groups for trying to prosecute members of the military juntas that ruled, and terrorized, South America in the 1970's. In 1998, he tried to extradite Augusto Pinochet, the former Chilean dictator; last month he got custody of a former navy lieutenant accused of genocide and terrorism in Argentina.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The praise isn't surprising: prosecuting people who are apparently escaping punishment for horrible crimes seems fundamentally sound. The problem is that efforts by Judge Garzón, and others, are based on a <b>legal doctrine that has worrisome implications. </b></span><b>That doctrine is ''universal jurisdiction</b>,'' under which every state is entitled to prosecute and punish the officials of every other state for ''international'' offenses. It is a principle that even its most active international practitioner,<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Belgium, is wisely starting to reject: the governing party plans to amend a law under which activists tried to prosecute George H. W. Bush, Gen. Tommy Franks and Prime Minister Tony Blair for human rights offenses in connection with the wars against Iraq, even though nobody involved is Belgian.</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By contrast to those named in the Belgian cases, the man whom Judge Garzón has jailed, Ricardo Miguel Cavallo, doubtless richly deserves prosecution. Mr. Cavallo is accused of kidnapping, torturing and murdering hundreds of people during the ''dirty war'' in Argentina from 1976 to 1983. Under Argentina's amnesty laws, however, Mr. Cavallo cannot be punished; he was extradited to Spain not by Argentina, but by Mexico, where he was living. Judge Garzón is essentially ignoring Argentina's own history and desires.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Universal jurisdiction does have a proper place in international law. It began as a device to fight piracy and slave trading, offenses that took place on the high seas, beyond the boundaries of any individual state</span>. In more recent years, however, universality has been asserted for an increasing number of human rights offenses, even though there is little practice (in the form of actual prosecutions that are accepted as legal by the defendant's own country) to support these claims. Without such a body of consistent and accepted practice, universal jurisdiction remains an academic aspiration rather than an established fact, and rightly so.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If international law really did permit each state to prosecute the leaders of all others, based on its own interpretation of international law, this would prompt a new kind of war, one fought in courtrooms around the globe. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Courts, however, are poor instruments of international policy, and such a result would make normal international relations impossible. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld recently said, for instance, with respect to the claims brought against American officials in Belgium, that if United States officials cannot travel to Brussels without the fear of politically motivated prosecution, then the United States would take its business (i.e., NATO headquarters) elsewhere.</span></font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">404</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://nationalinterest.org/archives/by/1687</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">wayback</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block even" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="background: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/family-feud-the-law-in-war-and-peace-1569" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Family Feud: The Law in War and Peace</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 05.01.07</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px;"><p style="background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American law treats terrorism like an act of war, not a crime. The fact that Europeans don’t doesn’t make their way better.</font></p><p style="background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://nationalinterest.org/node/23044</font></p><p style="background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><header class="meta meta--detail" style="background-color: transparent; margin-bottom: 41px; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><h1 class="detailtitle detailtitle--large" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: 0.02px; margin: 19px 0px 13px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Family Feud: The Law in War and Peace</font></h1><p class="detailsub" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.61905; letter-spacing: 0.2px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.25); border-image: initial; border-width: 1px 0px; margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 20px 0px 26px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mini Teaser: American law treats terrorism like an act of war, not a crime. The fact that Europeans don’t doesn’t make their way better.</font></p><div class="metarow"><span class="metaauthor" style="font-weight: 700;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by Author(s): David B. Rivkin, Jr.Lee A. Casey</font></span></div></header><div class="detailcontent" style="border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(150, 150, 150, 0.25); padding-bottom: 46px; margin-bottom: 31px;"><p class="flfc" style="background-color: transparent; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IT IS NO secret that the War on Terror's prosecution has revealed fundamental differences between the United States and Europe over how to meet the challenges of global terrorism and jihadi Islamism. After the September 11 attacks, the United States chose a military response and considers itself to be engaged in a legally cognizable armed conflict to which the laws and customs of war apply. That view, although occasionally questioned by American politicians like Senator John Kerry (D-MA) during his unsuccessful 2004 presidential campaign, is supported by most Americans and is not likely to change regardless of who moves into the White House on January 20, 2009. This public sentiment aside, the nature of the American civilian legal system, which features many procedural and substantive protections that make it difficult to prosecute wartime combatants, especially those captured overseas, as well as the need to prevent rather than simply to punish terrorist attacks, effectively requires adoption of a war-fighting over a law-enforcement approach to transnational terror.</font></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">By contrast, governments Left and Right in Europe have evinced a clear preference for treating Al-Qaeda and other jihadists as a difficult, but manageable, political or law-enforcement problem. Moreover, not content with a "live and let live" strategy, they have sought to impose their legal and normative preferences on the United States and have reacted with varying degrees of disappointment, dismay and outrage at the Bush Administration's war policies</span>.<b> This is especially true of the president's decisions to classify captured Al-Qaeda and Taliban operatives as "unlawful enemy combatants", to detain them without criminal charge at Guantanamo Bay and to try them in military commissions rather than in civilian courts</b>. If anything, attitudes in Europe have hardened since Congress enacted the Military Commissions Act of 2006. This law provides an explicit statutory basis for the president's policies and effectively vitiates the oft-invoked criticism that he employed the wartime legal paradigm solely on his own constitutional authority.</font></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But more is at stake here than a tactical spat over how to deal with Al-Qaeda. There seems to be little doubt that Europe, or at least the European Union's leading countries, is consciously playing for the West's moral leadership, and Europe believes that it can win.</span> Like it or not, the United States is now engaged in an ideological struggle resembling in some respects the ideological battles of the Cold War except that, this time, its closest friends and relations are in the opposition. Ask any cop on the beat; there is nothing more dangerous or dirty than a family fight, but this is a fight America must accept and win-for everyone's sake.</font></p><p style="background-color: transparent; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">THE TRUTH is that, despite NATO's invocation of Article 5, accepting September 11's Al-Qaeda strikes as armed attacks against a member state, Europe has never thought of the War on Terror as a real war. As a high-ranking continental official once told the authors with feeling, "September 11 was a crime. It was a very great crime, but it was a crime."</font></p><p style="background-color: transparent; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The causes of this fundamental transatlantic difference in perspective appear to be twofold. First, Europe has had more experience with terrorist threats (albeit of the homegrown variety) than the United States and has managed to muddle through-although at a cost-without declaring a "war" on terror. In this regard, most European legal systems are simply better suited to investigating, interdicting and ultimately punishing terrorists than are America's civilian courts. Second, war has itself become an unacceptable concept in Europe, which has adopted so many legal limitations on the use of armed force that it is hard to imagine how European militaries could prevail in a serious conflict against a determined and ruthless transnational terror organization like Al-Qaeda. In a very real sense, Europe has not merely adopted a counter-terrorism model for law enforcement, it has also imposed the rules governing policing on its military forces, and it now expects the United States to follow suit.</font></p><p style="background-color: transparent; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><span style="font-weight: 900;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bonaparte's Justice-or the Founding Fathers'?</font></span></p><p style="background-color: transparent; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">WITH THE notable exceptions of England and Ireland, Europe largely follows the civil-law criminal justice model, usually based today on some version of France's Code Napoleon. That system is grounded in Roman law and relies on an "inquisitorial" process-where the judges are active participants in finding the truth-for determining an accused offender's guilt or innocence. On the other hand, the common-law system, followed in England and many of her former colonies including the United States, uses an "adversarial" criminal procedure where judges act more as referees than investigators.</font></p><p style="background-color: transparent; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; line-height: 1.63158; letter-spacing: 0.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Overall, the civil-law system offers considerable advantages to the state in combating terrorism-especially in terms of investigative tools and a level of secrecy-that are simply unavailable in the ordinary common-law criminal prosecution and trial, at least as governed by the U.S. Constitution. And, while the law-enforcement model is never an optimum approach to dealing with global terrorist organizations that can project power and use force on a scale comparable to a traditional armed conflict, the European version of this model is at least semi-workable.</font></p></div></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/double-red-crossed-916" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Double-Red-Crossed</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 03.01.05</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The International Committee of the Red Cross strains at the gnat of American unilateralism and swallows the camel of terrorist atrocities. Stop applauding.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block even" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/averting-an-iraq-syndrome-656" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Averting an Iraq Syndrome</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 06.01.04</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As "senior" members of the foreign policy establishment, Abramowitz's and General Odom's calls for withdrawal from Iraq deserve consideration. But they they are unconvincing, Rivkin writes.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/leashing-the-dogs-of-war-1120" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Leashing the Dogs of War</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 09.01.03</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">With regard to the laws of war, the United States and Europe now operate under completely different legal codes.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block even" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/america-europe-and-the-war-on-terror-where-is-the-threat-2394" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">America, Europe and the War on Terror: Where is the Threat?</a></font></font></font></font></h2><div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 07.23.03</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Since the fall of Baghdad, transatlantic debate continues unabated.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="background: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="background: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/saddam-nikita-and-virtual-weapons-of-mass-destructiona-question-of-threat-percep-2362" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Saddam, Nikita and Virtual Weapons of Mass Destruction:A Question of Threat Perception and Intelligence Assessment</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 06.11.03</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 22px;"><p style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The threat posed by Iraq's WMD programs was a key American justification for launching Operation Iraqi Freedom.</font></span></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block even" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/war-and-the-law-2282" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">War and the Law</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 03.26.03</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As the military campaign in Iraq continues, United States and other Coalition forces have scrupulously followed the applicable requirements of the laws and customs of war--despite the charges levied by the Iraqi leadership.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/a-response-hassners-friendly-questions-and-the-war-on-terrorism-2198" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">A Response: Hassner's 'Friendly Questions' and the War on Terrorism</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 12.11.02</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pierre Hassner's "friendly questions" (In the National Interest, December 4, 2002) are indeed mostly friendly and reflect the sentiments of one of Europe's most preeminent defense intellectuals, but deserve a friendly rejoinder.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block even" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/security" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SECURITY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/a-house-divided-war-extradition-and-the-atlantic-alliance-part-ii-2137" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">A House Divided? War, Extradition, and the Atlantic Alliance, PART II</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 10.09.02</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> The war on terrorism is not simply the disruption of terrorist plots and the detention of suspects.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block odd" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/global-governance" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">GLOBAL GOVERNANCE</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/a-house-divided-war-extradition-and-the-atlantic-alliance-2129" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">A House Divided? War, Extradition and the Atlantic Alliance</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 10.02.02</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When not publicly attacking the Bush Administration, European statesmen tend, at least on the quiet, to deprecate their American counterparts as the rude products of a "cowboy" culture.</font></p></div></div><div class="grid-unit0 node-view clear-block last even" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 20px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><div class="topic term" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-transform: uppercase; line-height: 16px;"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/topic/society" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">SOCIETY</font></a></div><div class="submitted-wrapper" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px 0px 2px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; clear: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 class="title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.15em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 26px; font-style: italic; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117073949/http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-rocky-shoals-of-international-law-523" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">The Rocky Shoals of International Law</a></font></font></font></font></h2> <div class="date" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; display: inline;">| 12.01.00</div></div><div class="mini-teaser" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent; line-height: 22px;"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">International law is rapidly evolving a direction thaat threatens American sovereignty. With careful attention, however, the United States can mold the law to its advantage.</font></p></div></div></div><div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://scholar.law.colorado.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=implications-of-ferc-order-for-natural-gas-industry</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/media/wall-street-journal-echoing-trumps-derangement-and-its-own-reporters-are-appalled">https://www.alternet.org/media/wall-street-journal-echoing-trumps-derangement-and-its-own-reporters-are-appalled</a></font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">During the 2016 election, the conservative Wall Street Journal <a href="https://www.poynter.org/news/wall-street-journal-isnt-endorsing-donald-trump" style="text-decoration-line: none;">declined to endorse Donald Trump</a>, recognizing the Republican candidate's manifest personal deficiencies <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-gamble-of-trump-1478299393" style="text-decoration-line: none;">posed a clear and present danger</a> to American democracy. While the newspaper has grown more <a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/trumps-military-junta-1481327373" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Trump-curious</a> since he was sworn into office, it has largely resisted the overt #MAGA cheerleading of Rupert Murdoch's other media organs, Fox News and the New York Post.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At least until last week. Despite multiple indictments being handed down in the Russia probe, and a separate Trump aide pleading guilty to lying to the FBI, <b>the paper's once tepid support for the president has reached a fever pitch bordering on dissociation.</b></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On October 25, the Journal incurred the wrath of readers and social media alike when it ran an editorial titled "<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/democrats-russians-and-the-fbi-1508971759" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Democrats, Russian and the FBI</a>," arguing that <b>special investigator Robert Mueller “lacked the critical distance to conduct a credible probe," and that he should resign his post for the good of the country.</b></font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Four days later, in "<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/begging-your-pardon-mr-president-1509302308" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Begging Your Pardon, Mr. President</a>," <b>David B. Rivkin Jr</b>. and Lee A. Casey called on Trump to issue blanket pardons to every administration official ensnared in the investigation—himself included.</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The day after that, an editorial titled "<a href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-manafort-indictment-1509402445" style="text-decoration-line: none;">The Manafort Indictment</a>" acknowledged the malfeasance of Trump's former campaign manager, but managed to single out the Democratic Party for its financing of the Fusion GPS dossier (opposition research compiled, incidentally, by former members of the Wall Street Journal).</font></font></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These rantings and ravings have not been lost on the paper's reporters. According to a <a href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/11/the-wall-street-journal-editorial-board-coverage-of-mueller" style="text-decoration-line: none;">recent report by Vanity Fair</a>, staffers fear the opinion page has begun to undermine the publication's credibility. The Journal has always been a purveyor of neoconservative dogma, particularly as it pertains to the economy and foreign policy, but as one veteran editor recently confided, “It does feel like this is a different level of crazy."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“We could disprove half the stuff [the opinion writers] are saying if they just read our own reporting," a WSJ reporter told Vanity Fair. "It’s like living in some alternate universe."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another staffer likened the paper's editorials on the Mueller investigation to the dark days of Vince Foster, a former Clinton confidante whose suicide in 1993 continues to fuel conservative conspiracy theories. (The right has since added <a href="https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3539583/Conspiracy-theorist-claims-Hillary-Clinton-murdered-John-F-Kennedy-Jnr-planning-run-senate-seat-shocking-new-book.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">John F. Kennedy, Jr.</a> and <a href="https://www.alternet.org/media/could-sean-hannitys-deranged-new-conspiracy-theory-cost-him-his-job" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the DNC's Seth Rich</a> to Hillary's ever-expanding hit list.)</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former Wall Street Journal editor Bill Grueskin put things more succinctly in a recent tweet:[img]</font></p><div data-twitter-event-id="0" class="SandboxRoot env-bp-350" style="white-space: initial; direction: ltr; background-image: initial; background-position: 0px 0px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: 1.4; position: relative;"><div class="EmbeddedTweet EmbeddedTweet--edge EmbeddedTweet--mediaForward media-forward js-clickToOpenTarget js-tweetIdInfo tweet-InformationCircle-widgetParent" data-click-to-open-target="https://twitter.com/BGrueskin/status/924810328747204608" data-iframe-title="Twitter Tweet" data-dt-full="%{hours12}:%{minutes} %{amPm} - %{day} %{month} %{year}" data-dt-explicit-timestamp="6:28 PM - Oct 29, 2017" data-dt-months="Jan|Feb|Mar|Apr|May|Jun|Jul|Aug|Sep|Oct|Nov|Dec" data-dt-am="AM" data-dt-pm="PM" data-dt-now="now" data-dt-s="s" data-dt-m="m" data-dt-h="h" data-dt-second="second" data-dt-seconds="seconds" data-dt-minute="minute" data-dt-minutes="minutes" data-dt-hour="hour" data-dt-hours="hours" data-dt-abbr="%{number}%{symbol}" data-dt-short="%{day} %{month}" data-dt-long="%{day} %{month} %{year}" data-scribe="page:tweet" data-tweet-id="924810328747204608" id="twitter-widget-0" lang="en" data-twitter-event-id="1" style="overflow: hidden; cursor: pointer; border: 0px; border-radius: 5px; max-width: 520px; position: relative;"><div class="tweet-InformationCircle--top tweet-InformationCircle--topEdge tweet-InformationCircle" data-scribe="element:notice" style="position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 6px 5px 5px; z-index: 20; line-height: 0;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175256" class="Icon Icon--informationCircleWhite js-inViewportScribingTarget" title="Twitter Ads info and privacy" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" charset="utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2072%2072%22%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(8%208)%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23657786%22%20fill-opacity%3D%22.8%22%20d%3D%22M28%203.11C14.278%203.11%203.11%2014.276%203.11%2028c0%2013.723%2011.166%2024.887%2024.89%2024.887S52.89%2041.723%2052.89%2028C52.89%2014.274%2041.724%203.11%2028%203.11z%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23FFF%22%20d%3D%22M28%2044.593c-1.718%200-3.11-1.393-3.11-3.112V30.076c0-1.718%201.392-3.11%203.11-3.11s3.11%201.392%203.11%203.11V41.48c0%201.72-1.392%203.113-3.11%203.113z%22%2F%3E%3Ccircle%20fill%3D%22%23FFF%22%20cx%3D%2228%22%20cy%3D%2218.148%22%20r%3D%224.667%22%2F%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22%23FFF%22%20d%3D%22M28%2056C12.56%2056%200%2043.44%200%2028S12.56%200%2028%200s28%2012.56%2028%2028-12.56%2028-28%2028zm0-49.778C15.99%206.222%206.222%2015.992%206.222%2028S15.992%2049.778%2028%2049.778c12.01%200%2021.778-9.77%2021.778-21.778S40.008%206.222%2028%206.222z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 18px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: contain; vertical-align: text-bottom; width: 18px; background-image: url(" xmlns:data="data">Twitter Ads info and privacy</a>This is not the first time the Journal has embarrassed itself or its reporters. In August, editor-in-chief Gerard Baker reprimanded the paper's staff for its entirely accurate coverage of a Trump rally in Phoenix, where the president painted himself as <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/23/donald-trump-arizona-rally-phoenix" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the true victim of the terrorist attack in Charlottesville</a>. “Sorry. This is commentary dressed up as news reporting,” he wrote in an email. “Could we please just stick to reporting what he said rather than packaging it in exegesis and selective criticism?”</font></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That same month, Politico released a <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/01/trump-wall-street-journal-interview-full-transcript-241214" style="text-decoration-line: none;">full transcript</a> of his <a href="https://%E2%80%9Csorry.%20this%20is%20commentary%20dressed%20up%20as%20news%20reporting%2C%E2%80%9D%20baker%20wrote%20an%20email%20about%20the%20story.%20%E2%80%9Ccould%20we%20please%20just%20stick%20to%20reporting%20what%20he%20said%20rather%20than%20packaging%20it%20in%20exegesis%20and%20selective%20criticism/?%E2%80%9D" style="text-decoration-line: none;">interview with the president in late July</a>, exposing Baker's chummy personal relationship with the Trump family. At one point during the conversation, he even tells Ivanka, "It was nice to see you out in Southampton a couple weeks ago."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 22px; line-height: 32px !important;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Perhaps it was only a matter of time before the opinion page began parroting the talking points of White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders. Over the past 18 months, conservative publications ranging from <a href="https://www.weeklystandard.com/modified-limited-pro-trump/article/1039614" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the Weekly Standard</a> to the <a href="https://www.mediaite.com/online/once-anti-trump-national-review-posts-deletes-tweet-saying-time-to-line-up-for-trump/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">National Review</a> have, at various junctures, embraced the Republican standard-bearer, even after the latter outlet ran an entire issue "<a href="https://www.nationalreview.com/article/430137/donald-trump-conservative-movement-shouldnt-support-him" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Against Trump</a>." But as the august Wall Street Journal's descent into authoritarianism and deranged conspiracy theory reveals, no corner of right-wing media is immune from the disease of Trumpism.</font></font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><twitterwidget class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" id="twitter-widget-0" data-tweet-id="924810328747204608" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); position: static; visibility: visible; display: block; transform: rotate(0deg); max-width: 100%; width: 500px; min-width: 220px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /></twitterwidget></font></font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>L</b></font><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>ee A. Casey </b>focuses on federal environmental, constitutional and international law and Alien Tort Statute issues. He also advises clients on compliance issues under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), U.S. trade sanctions regimes, and federal ethics requirements. Mr. Casey’s practice includes federal, district and appellate court litigation, as well as matters before federal agencies. </span></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Prior to joining BakerHostetler, Mr. Casey was an associate with <b>Hunton & Williams, practicing in international, environmental and constitutional law.</b> From</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> 2004 through 2007 he served as an member of the United Nations Subcommission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights.</span></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span></font></font></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01) 0px 0px 1px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From 1986 to 1993, Mr. Casey served in various capacities in the federal government, including the Office of Legal Policy (1986-90) and the Office of Legal Counsel (1992-93) at the U.S. Department of Justice and served as</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Deputy Associate General Counsel at the U.S. Department of Energy (1990-92</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">). The Office of Legal Counsel is responsible for advising the Attorney General and the White House on issues of constitutional law and statutory interpretation. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The Office of Legal Policy served as a strategic “think tank” for the Reagan Justice Department and was responsible for reviewing candidates for appointments to the federal bench.</span></font></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01) 0px 0px 1px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Before joining the government in 1986, Mr. Casey was an associate in the Los Angeles firm of Mitchell, Silberberg & Knupp, practicing in the litigation section, with an emphasis on copyright, contract and </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">First Amendment issues. </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">From 1984 to 1985, Mr. Casey served as Law Clerk to the Honorable Alex Kozinski, then Chief Judge of the United States Claims Court. From 1982 to 1984, he practiced at the Detroit firm of Dykema Gossett, focusing on corporate, securities, commercial and intellectual property litigation, and from </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">1990 through 1994, he served as an Adjunct Professor of Law at George Mason University School of Law in Arlington, Virginia.</span></font></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01) 0px 0px 1px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Among the chapters, articles and papers that Mr. Casey has authored or co-authored are: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“International Law and the Nation-State at the U.N.,” <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Reclaiming the Language of Freedom at the United Nations: A Guide for U.S. Policymakers</em>, The Heritage Foundation (2006) (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.);</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> “The Dangerous Myth of Universal Jurisdiction,” </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">A Country I Do Not Recognize </em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">(ed. Robert H. <b>Bork) (2005) (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.);</b> “Leashing the Dogs of War,” </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">The National Interest</em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (Fall 2003) (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); </span></font></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01) 0px 0px 1px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“The Limits of Legitimacy: The Rome Statute’s Unlawful Application to Non-State Parties,” 44 </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">Va.J.Int’l L</em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. 63 (Fall 2003) (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); “<b>Devil’s Advocates: The Danger of Judging Lawyers By Their Clients,” </b></span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><b>Policy Review </b></em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>(</b>Feb. and Mar. 2002) (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); “The Case Against the International Criminal Court,” 25 </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">Fordham Int’l L.J.</em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 840 (2002); <b>“Europe in the Balance: The Alarmingly Undemocratic Drift of the European Union,</b>” </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">Policy Rev</em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">iew (June and July 2001) (with David B. Rivkin Jr.); “Against an International Criminal Court,” Commentary, May 1998 (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); <b>“Federalism </b>(Cont’d.),” Commentary, December 1996 (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); “Presidents and War Powers: Another View,” </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">Common Sense</em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Winter 1996 (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); <b>“How Binding Are Contracts?” </b></span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><b>The American Enterprise</b></em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>,</b> Nov./Dec. 1993 (with David B. Rivkin, Jr.); and “</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Pirate Constitutionalism: An Essay in Self-Government,”</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 8 </span><em style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;">J. of L. & Politics </em><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">477 (1992).</span></font></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01) 0px 0px 1px; line-height: 30px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mr. Casey is a member of the California, Michigan and District of Columbia Bar Associations.</font></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 20px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.01) 0px 0px 1px; line-height: 30px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">fedsoc</font></font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></font></font></p><center style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2 style="text-align: left; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 3px; border: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United States Court of Appeals,District of Columbia Circuit.</font></h2><h3 style="margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px;"><p style="text-align: left; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fadi AL MAQALEH, Detainee and Ahmad Al Maqaleh, as Next Friend of Fadi Al Maqaleh, Appellees v. Robert M. GATES, Secretary, United States Department of Defense, Et Al., Appellants.</font></p></h3><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nos. 09-5265, 09-5266, 09-5267.</font></h3><h3 style="text-align: left; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Decided: May 21, 2010</font></h3></center><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Before SENTELLE, Chief Judge,</b> TATEL, Circuit Judge, and EDWARDS, Senior Circuit Judge.Neal Kumar Katyal, Deputy Solicitor General, U.S. Department of Justice, argued the cause for appellants. With him on the briefs were Beth S. Brinkmann, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, and Douglas N. Letter and Robert M. Loeb, Attorneys. David B. Rivkin Jr., Lee A. Casey, and Carlos Ramos-Mrosovsky were on the brief for amici curiae Special Forces Association, et al. in support of appellants. Tina Monshipour Foster argued the cause for appellees. With her on the brief were Barbara J. Olshansky and Ramzi Kassem. George Brent Mickum IV was on the brief for amici curiae Constitutional Law Scholars in support of appellees and affirmance. Walter Dellinger and Matthew Shors were on the brief for amici curiae Non-Governmental Organizations in support of appellees. Paul M. Smith and Emily Berman were on the brief for amicus curiae Retired Military Officers in support of appellees. Douglas W. Baruch was on the brief for amici curiae Professors of International Human Rights Law and Related Subjects in support of appellees.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Three detainees at Bagram Air Force Base in Afghanistan petitioned the district court for habeas corpus relief from their confinement by the United States military.</b><a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-dc-circuit/1524965.html#footnote_1" name="footnote_ref_1" style="text-decoration-line: none;">1</a> </font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Appellants (collectively “the United States” or “the government”) moved to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction based on § 7(a) of the Military Commissions Act of 2006, Pub.L. No. 109-366, 120 Stat. 2600 (2006) (“MCA”). The district court greed with the United States that § 7(a) of the MCA purported to deprive the court of jurisdiction, but held that this section could not constitutionally be applied to deprive the court of jurisdiction under the Supreme Court's test articulated in Boumediene v. Bush, 128 S.Ct. 2229 (2008). The court therefore denied the motion to dismiss but certified the three habeas cases for interlocutory appeal under 28 U.S.C. § 1292(b). Pursuant to that certification, the government filed a petition to this court for interlocutory appeal. We granted the petition and now consider the jurisdictional question. Upon review, and applying the Supreme Court decision in Boumediene, we determine that the district court did not have jurisdiction to consider the petitions for habeas corpus. We therefore reverse the order of the district court and order that the petitions be dismissed.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I. Background</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. The Petitioners</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All three petitioners are being held as unlawful enemy combatants at the Bagram Theater Internment Facility on the Bagram Airfield Military Base in Afghanistan.<a href="https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-dc-circuit/1524965.html#footnote_2" name="footnote_ref_2" style="text-decoration-line: none;">2</a> Petitioner Fadi Al-Maqaleh is a Yemeni citizen who alleges he was taken into custody in 2003. While Al-Maqaleh's petition asserts “on information and belief” that he was captured beyond Afghan borders, a sworn declaration from Colonel James W. Gray, Commander of Detention Operations, states that Al-Maqaleh was captured in Zabul, Afghanistan. Redha Al-Najar is a Tunisian citizen who alleges he was captured in Pakistan in 2002. Amin Al-Bakri is a Yemeni citizen who alleges he was captured in Thailand in 2002. Both Al-Najar and Al-Bakri allege they were first held in some other unknown location before being moved to Bagram</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Also supportive of our decision that the third factor weighs heavily in favor of the United States, as the district court recognized, is the fact that the detention is within the sovereign territory of another nation, which itself creates practical difficulties. Indeed, it was on this factor that the district court relied in dismissing the fourth petition, which was filed by an Afghan citizen detainee. Al Maqaleh, 604 F.Supp.2d at 229-30, 235. While that factor certainly weighed more heavily with respect to an Afghan citizen, it is not without force with respect to detainees who are alien to both the United States and Afghanistan. The United States holds the detainees pursuant to a cooperative arrangement with Afghanistan on territory as to which Afghanistan is sovereign. While we cannot say that extending our constitutional protections to the detainees would be in any way disruptive of that relationship, neither can we say with certainty what the reaction of the Afghan government would be.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In sum, taken together, the second and especially the third factors compel us to hold that the petitions should have been dismissed.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CONCLUSION</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For the reasons set forth above, we hold that the jurisdiction of the courts to afford the right to habeas relief and the protection of the Suspension Clause does not extend to aliens held in Executive detention in the Bagram detention facility in the Afghan theater of war. We therefore reverse the order of the district court denying the motion for dismissal of the United States and order that the petitions be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So ordered.</font></b></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></font></font></p><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1123&context=penn_law_review" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1123%26context%3Dpenn_law_review&ved=0ahUKEwiO1cnMgYbcAhWGn4MKHWFQBgM4ChAWCEMwBQ" style="cursor: pointer;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">The Constitutionality of International Courts: The Forgotten Precedent ...</font></a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1123&context...law...</font></cite></div><div class="slp f" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">by E Kontorovich - 2009 - <a class="fl" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?biw=893&bih=740&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&cites=10718179484741812075" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar%3Fbiw%3D893%26bih%3D740%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26lr%26cites%3D10718179484741812075&ved=0ahUKEwiO1cnMgYbcAhWGn4MKHWFQBgM4ChDOAghFMAU" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Cited by 23</a> - <a class="fl" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?biw=893&bih=740&um=1&ie=UTF-8&lr&q=related:az_qOnSfvpRKDM:scholar.google.com/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar%3Fbiw%3D893%26bih%3D740%26um%3D1%26ie%3DUTF-8%26lr%26q%3Drelated:az_qOnSfvpRKDM:scholar.google.com/&ved=0ahUKEwiO1cnMgYbcAhWGn4MKHWFQBgM4ChDPAghGMAU" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Related articles</a></font></div><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.4; word-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-weight: bold;">constitutional</span> to join an international criminal court with jurisdiction over certain offenses ..... But see<span style="font-weight: bold;">Lee A. Casey</span>, The Case Against the Internation- al Criminal<wbr /> ...</font></span></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></font></font></p></div>