Fleishman-Hillard

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><a href="https://www.yahoo.com/news/france-probes-alleged-monsanto-files-opinion-makers-215448544.html"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.yahoo.com/news/france-probes-alleged-monsanto-files-opinion-makers-215448544.html</font></a></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">oppo</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">p</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">aris (AFP) - France has opened an preliminary enquiry into alleged illegal files put together for US pesticides maker Monsanto on the views and pliability of hundreds of high-profile figures and media outlets.</span></font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="Paris judicial police will carry out the probe following a complaint by the daily Le Monde and one of its journalists, whose names appear on the list, the Paris prosecutors office said." data-reactid="23" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paris judicial police will carry out the probe following a complaint by the daily Le Monde and one of its journalists, whose names appear on the list, the Paris prosecutors office said.</font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="Two anti-pesticide NGOs -- Foodwatch and Generations Futures -- are also preparing to lodge legal complaints over the alleged lists." data-reactid="24" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Two anti-pesticide NGOs -- Foodwatch and Generations Futures -- are also preparing to lodge legal complaints over the alleged lists.</font></b></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="The investigators will look into the possible " collection="collection" of="of" personal="personal" information="information" by="by" fraudulent="fraudulent" unfair="unfair" or="or" illicit="illicit" means="means" data-reactid="25" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The investigators will look into the possible "collection of personal information by fraudulent, unfair or illicit means".</font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="US giant Monsanto allegedly had public relations agency Fleishman Hillard draw up the files on the opinions of the targeted people and media bodies on the controversial weedkiller glyphosate and on genetically modified crops as well as their propensity to be influenced in their opinions." data-reactid="26" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">US giant Monsanto allegedly had public relations agency Fleishman Hillard draw up the files on the opinions of the targeted people and media bodies on the controversial weedkiller glyphosate and on genetically modified crops as well as their propensity to be influenced in their opinions.</font></span></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="Figuring on the list are politicians, scientists, journalists -- including four from AFP (Agence France-Presse). Information was collected on their views on pesticides and on Monsanto as well as their leisure pursuits, addresses and phone numbers, according to the France 2 public television channel." data-reactid="27" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Figuring on the list are politicians, scientists, journalists -- including four from AFP (Agence France-Presse). Information was collected on their views on pesticides and on Monsanto as well as their leisure pursuits, addresses and phone numbers, according to the France 2 public television channel.</font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="Some of the names were listed under categories such as " priority="priority" targets="targets" and="and" potential="potential" allies="allies" to="to" recruit="recruit" according="according" reports="reports" data-reactid="28" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some of the names were listed under categories such as "priority targets" and "potential allies to recruit", according to reports.</font></b></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="France's former environment minister Segolene Royal, whose name was said to appear on the lists, said the allegation " says="says" a="a" lot="lot" about="about" the="the" methods="methods" of="of" lobbyists="lobbyists" they="they" carry="carry" out="out" spying="spying" infiltration="infiltration" seek="seek" to="to" influence="influence" sometimes="sometimes" financially="financially" i="I" imagine="imagine" adding="adding" that="that" other="other" companies="companies" are="are" likely="likely" indulge="indulge" in="in" similar="similar" practices="practices" data-reactid="29" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">France's former environment minister Segolene Royal, whose name was said to appear on the lists, said the allegation "says a lot about the methods of lobbyists... they carry out spying, infiltration, seek to influence, sometimes financially I imagine", adding that other companies are likely to indulge in similar practices.</font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="Glyphosate developer Monsanto was convicted in the United States in 2018 and 2019 of not taking necessary steps to warn of the potential risks of Roundup -- their weed killer containing the chemical, which two California juries found caused cancer in two users." data-reactid="30" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glyphosate developer Monsanto was convicted in the United States in 2018 and 2019 of not taking necessary steps to warn of the potential risks of Roundup -- their weed killer containing the chemical, which two California juries found caused cancer in two users.</font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="German pharmaceutical firm Bayer, which bought Monsanto last year, announced last month that over 13,000 lawsuits related to the weed killer have been launched in the US." data-reactid="31" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">German pharmaceutical firm Bayer, which bought Monsanto last year, announced last month that over 13,000 lawsuits related to the weed killer have been launched in the US.</font></p><p class="canvas-atom canvas-text Mb(1.0em) Mb(0)--sm Mt(0.8em)--sm" type="text" content="There was no reaction late Friday from Bayer or Fleishman Hillard to the opening of the French investigation." data-reactid="32" style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There was no reaction late Friday from Bayer or Fleishman Hillard to the opening of the French investigation.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">--</font></p><p><a href="https://www.ecowatch.com/bayer-secret-list-of-monsanto-critics-2636999291.html"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.ecowatch.com/bayer-secret-list-of-monsanto-critics-2636999291.html</font></a></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Bayer Apologizes Over Secret List of Monsanto Critics</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"> Deutsche Welle  3 hours ago BUSINESS</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">O. Andersen / Getty Images / AFP</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Germany's Bayer, which bought the U.S. agrochemical firm Monsanto, issued an apology on Sunday following reports that its American subsidiary drew up a list of those critical of the firm's practices.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">"After an initial analysis, we understand that such a project raised concerns and criticism," Bayer said in a statement. "This is not the way Bayer would seek dialogue with different stakeholders and society, so we apologize."</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The Leverkusen-headquartered firm said it would hire a law firm to carry out an external investigation into the matter.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>The French prosecutor said Friday it had opened a probe after newspaper Le Monde filed a complaint.</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The French daily alleges that Monsanto built up a file of about 200 names, including journalists and lawmakers who are skeptical about the company and its products, in the hope of influencing their positions on pesticides.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>The charge is that the information was collected illegally.</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Paris police are investigating the possible "collection of personal information by fraudulent, unfair or illicit means."</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Naming Names</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Le Monde and one of its journalists complained that they were on the list drawn up since 2016 and <b>allegedly leaked by U.S. public relations firm <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">FleishmanHillard.</span></b></font></p><p><a href="https://www.dw.com/en/bayer-apologizes-over-secret-list-of-monsanto-critics/a-48702015"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.dw.com/en/bayer-apologizes-over-secret-list-of-monsanto-critics/a-48702015</font></a></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>The name of France's former Environment Minister Segolene Royal is also said to be on the list</b>. She told AFP it "says a lot about the methods of lobbyists ... they carry out spying, infiltration, seek to influence, sometimes financially, I imagine."</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">PR firm FleishmanHillard said on Friday it would investigate the allegations.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">French public broadcaster France Televisions announced Sunday that it would also file charges.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Monsanto's Roundup.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Lawsuits Over Monsanto's Roundup</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Monsanto produces the broad-spectrum glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup. The firm and new owner Bayer deny that Roundup causes cancer.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>However, last August, a U.S. jury found Bayer liable because Monsanto had not warned users of alleged cancer risks linked to Roundup.</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a new decision in April that glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, which is made by Monsanto, does not cause cancer or other health problems if used according to instruction labels.</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Bayer Chief Executive Officer Werner Baumann is facing increased shareholder pressure over the litigation it inherited from Monsanto. It is the named defendant in U.S. lawsuits concerning Roundup filed by 13,400 people.</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bayer shares have fallen about 40 percent since the $63 billion (€56 billion) Monsanto purchase was completed last Jun</span>e.</b></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Reposted with permission from our media associate Deutsche Welle.</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: underline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong>Fleishman Hillard</strong></span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;"> – Monsanto retained the PR firm Fleishman Hillard in 2013, to help them “resuscitate its image”. A couple decades ago, Fleishman Hillard represented </span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Tobacco_Institute" target="blank" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The Tobacco Institute</a><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">, the main tobacco industry lobbying organization that was forced to disband following a suit brought against the tobacco industry by the U.S. National Association of Attorneys General. Fleishman Hillard has been implicated in converting Healthy Buildings Institute into a </span><a href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/uzr55a00/pdf" target="blank" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">front group for the tobacco industry</a><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;"> to hide the dangers of second-hand smoke. So, next time you see those Monsanto commercials on TV (and </span><a href="https://www.change.org/p/oprah-winfrey-oprah-and-o-magazine-drop-your-monsanto-ad" target="_blank" style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-break: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ads in Oprah’s magazine</a><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: inline !important;">!), keep in mind that this is who is behind them. </span>

<p>

<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard</font></a>

<div id="mw-content-text" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" lang="en"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Fleishman-Hillard</b> is one of the largest public relations companies in the world with a global network of offices as well as offices in 22 cities in the United States. It is owned by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Omnicom" title="Omnicom" class="mw-redirect">Omnicom</a>. </font>

<h2><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></h2>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#History"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#U.S._government_PR_contracts"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">U.S. government PR contracts</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Fleishman-Hillard_Government_Relations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Fleishman-Hillard Government Relations</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Political_action_committee"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Political action committee</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Employees"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Employees</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Clients"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Clients</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Fleishman-Hillard_and_UK_politics"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Fleishman-Hillard and UK politics</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#EU_petition_manipulation"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">EU petition manipulation</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Case_studies"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Case studies</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Contact_information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Contact information</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><font size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Articles_and_resources"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">Articles and resources</span></a> </font>

</font><ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#Related_SourceWatch_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span> <span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch articles</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#External_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">12.3</span> <span class="toctext">External resources</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#External_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">12.4</span> <span class="toctext">External articles</span></font></a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a listing on its website of PR companies with a crisis management capability, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Meat_Institute" title="American Meat Institute">American Meat Institute</a> described F-H in the US as having "managed crises for the oil, railroad, airline, meat, poultry, produce and high-tech communications industries. Fleishman currently is on retainer for the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Partnership_for_Food_Safety_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partnership for Food Safety Education (page does not exist)">Partnership for Food Safety Education</a>." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.meatami.com/Content/NavigationMenu/CrisisCenter/ExternalCrisisManagementResources/PublicRelationsFirmsWithCrisisManagementCapabilities/Public_Relations_Firms_With_Crisis_Management_Capabilities.htm">[3]</a>  THIS LINK SCRUBBED? </font>

<a href="http://www.meatami"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.meatami</font></a>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.meatami.com/Content/NavigationMenu/CrisisCenter/ExternalCrisisManagementResources/PublicRelationsFirmsWithCrisisManagementCapabilities/Public_Relations_Firms_With_Crisis_Management_Capabilities.htm">.com/Content/NavigationMenu/CrisisCenter/ExternalCrisisManagementResources/PublicRelationsFirmsWithCrisisManagementCapabilities/Public_Relations_Firms_With_Crisis_Management_Capabilities.htm</a>  you do not have perm rolls to another page 404</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.fightbac.org/</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the F-H firm's website: "In 1946, in St. Louis, Missouri, Fleishman-Hillard founders <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Al_Fleishman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al Fleishman (page does not exist)">Al Fleishman</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bob_Hillard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Hillard (page does not exist)">Bob Hillard</a> tapped out the beginnings of a business on the keyboards of their manual typewriters... For the next twenty-some years, the firm served a mainly regional client base, until 1974 when <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Graham" title="John Graham" class="mw-redirect">John Graham</a> [John D. Graham] was named president. Under his leadership, Fleishman-Hillard has undergone the most dynamic period of domestic and international expansion. Fleishman-Hillard grew from two offices in St. Louis and Kansas City, to over 80 offices located throughout North America, Europe, Asia, Latin America, Australia, and South Africa."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fleishman.com/overview/background/background.html">[4]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In May 2004, <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i> reporter David Lazarus questioned whether codes of conduct were broken when <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Marc_Bien" title="Marc Bien">Marc Bien</a>, who he interviewed with the understanding that Bien was Vice-President of Corporate Communications for the telecommunications giant SBC Communications, was actually found to be an employee of F-H.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0506fleishman_sbc.htm">[5]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lazarus wrote, in a follow-up article on a possible strike at SBC: "I quoted an SBC spokesman the other day defending the company's use of hundreds of outside contractors -- a contentious issue in the contract talks with union members. Turns out, according to internal SBC documents, that the spokesman, Marc Bien, himself is a 'nonemployee' who is actually on the payroll of public- relations powerhouse Fleishman-Hillard. He is, in other words, an outside contractor, as are dozens of other Fleishman employees who assist with SBC's corporate spin. What makes the case unusual, though, is that Bien, who has appeared in this column many times representing SBC's position on a variety of matters, bears the title of SBC vice president of corporate communications. His business cards say as much, and he works in the firm's San Francisco office. Internal documents show that about a half-dozen SBC vice presidents are in reality Fleishman employees. Yet they present themselves as SBC executives."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/05/05/BUG8V6FKBR1.DTL">[6]</a></font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="U.S._government_PR_contracts"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. government PR contracts</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the U.S. House Committee on Government Reform Minority Office, Fleishman-Hillard received the following amounts per year, for federal PR contracts: <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.democrats.reform.house.gov/investigations.asp?Issue=Covert+Propaganda">[7]</a></font></p>

<ul>

</ul>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The firm's federal work has included the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a>, on the “Ticket to Work” program for disabled and blind Social Security recipients; <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Library_of_Congress&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Library of Congress (page does not exist)">Library of Congress</a>; <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Environmental Protection Agency" class="mw-redirect">Environmental Protection Agency</a>; <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S._Department_of_Defense" title="U.S. Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a>, to introduce “managed care” to 8.3 million current and former employees, at a time of “rising medical costs” and “decreasing resources”; and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a>, to “debunk the misconception that marijuana was harmless."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Video_news_releases" title="Video news releases">Video news releases</a> Fleishman-Hillard (and its subcontractors <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gourvitz_Communications" title="Gourvitz Communications">Gourvitz Communications</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harbour_Media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harbour Media (page does not exist)">Harbour Media</a>) produced for ONDCP were found to be in violation of the ban on covert government propaganda.</font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fleishman-Hillard_Government_Relations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fleishman-Hillard Government Relations</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F-H's Government Relations practice "has offices in Washington, D.C., New York City, Albany, and Minneapolis," according to the <i>Holmes Report</i> ("Former Congressman Joins Fleishman Government Relations," March 19, 2007). The practice is "led by co-chairmen former Congressman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Max_Sandlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Sandlin (page does not exist)">Max Sandlin</a>, former Bronx borough president and New York City Democratic mayoral nominee <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fernando_Ferrer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernando Ferrer (page does not exist)">Fernando Ferrer</a>, and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_McKeon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael McKeon (page does not exist)">Michael McKeon</a>, former communications director to Governor <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki">George Pataki</a>."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In March 2007, former Congressman <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bill_Luther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Luther (page does not exist)">Bill Luther</a> joined the practice as a senior vice-president. Luther served on the House Energy & Commerce Committee, the International Relations Committee and the Science Committee, according to the <i>Holmes Report</i> ("Former Congressman Joins Fleishman Government Relations," March 19, 2007).</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Also in March 2007, F-H Government Relations announced that former Missouri Senator <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">Jim Talent</a> had joined the firm as Co-Chairman. The firm cited Talent's bipartisan success in securing funding and construction bonds in the highway bill and in passing the "most comprehensive anti-meth bill ever enacted into law", as well his leadership role in efforts to add a renewable fuels standard to the energy bill as accomplishments which would enhance F-H's ability to "work on important issues like increasing access to healthcare, improving our transportation infrastructure, and strengthening our military". <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fleishman.com/news/pr032107.html">[8]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In June 2007, <i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i> reported that, in his new role as co-chair of Fleishman-Hillard's government relations practice, former U.S. Senator <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">Jim Talent</a> will be "spearheading the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers" title="Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers">Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers</a>' bid to torpedo the effort to raise fuel mileage standards to 52 miles per gallon" by 2030. Instead, the automakers are supporting a compromise measure from Senators <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin">Carl Levin</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond" class="mw-redirect">Kit Bond</a>. "Talent cannot lobby for the Levin-Bond bill because of Senate rules," explained <i>O'Dwyer's</i>. "He can do media outreach on behalf of the carmakers." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0618talent_fh.htm">[9]</a></font></p>

<p><font face="Times New Roman">In January 2009, Fleishman-Hillard announced it was establishing an "FH Moms" practice, "to provide strategic counsel on communicating with moms through an integrated range of touch points that includes both traditional and online media, as well as influencer and word-of-mouth marketing," according to the <i>Holmes Report</i>. The practice "will bring together specialists from the firm's diverse practice areas, including marketing communications, healthcare, technology, travel and tourism, FH Hispania, and financial communications. FH Moms will be co-chaired by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Liz_Hawks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liz Hawks (page does not exist)">Liz Hawks</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heidi_Hovland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heidi Hovland (page does not exist)">Heidi Hovland</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Kris_Caputo_Hurley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kris Caputo Hurley (page does not exist)">Kris Caputo Hurley</a> from the firm's Kansas City, New York and Sacramento offices respectively." <sup id="cite_ref-Moms_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_note-Moms-0">[1]</a></sup></font>

<font face="Times New Roman">According to Fleishman-Hillard, mothers are responsible for 85 percent of household purchasing decisions. The firm partnered with the marketing firm the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Harrison_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harrison Group (page does not exist)">Harrison Group</a>, "to develop a proprietary study, Women, Power and Money: A Shift to the New Female-Driven Economy, which found a clear vision of the mom as chief household officer and reported that in 'millions of American households, moms set the purchasing agenda for everything from traditional packaged goods to financial and home improvement services.'" <sup id="cite_ref-Moms_0-1" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_note-Moms-0">[1]</a></sup></font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_action_committee"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Political action committee</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Responsive_Politics" title="Center for Responsive Politics">Center for Responsive Politics</a> database, Fleishman-Hillard federal <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> had raised more than $79,000 as of October for the 2004 election cycle, with 47% of the donations given at that point going to Democrats, and 53% to Republicans. In the 2002 election cycle, the PAC gave 48% of the $59,800 raised to Democrats, and 52% to Republicans. In 2000, 44% of the $40,900 raised went to Democrats, 56% to Republicans. In 1998, 45% of the $37,250 raised was given to Democrats, 55% to Republicans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.asp?strID=C00200659">[10]</a></font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Employees"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Employees</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Becky_Johnson" title="Becky Johnson"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Becky Johnson</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Clients"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clients</font></span></h2>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to <i>O'Dwyer's PR Report</i>, in mid-2004 F-H clients included:</font></p>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">the state of Illinois, "to handle PR and public affairs to prevent the closure of Scott Air Force Base in the southern part of the state" <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/news_of_firms/news_of_firms.htm">[11]</a>;</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Novell, Sun Microsystems and J.D. Edwards, in a San Francisco-based "effort to use customer outreach programs to add their voice to clients' PR, sales and marketing efforts"<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/news_of_firms/firms_021104.htm">[12]</a>;</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Great_Plains_Airlines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Plains Airlines (page does not exist)">Great Plains Airlines</a>, a short-lived St. Louis-based service that declared bankruptcy after four months<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/news_of_firms/firms_022504.htm">[13]</a>; and</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Circuit_City" title="Circuit City">Circuit City</a>, a $1 million account. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0409fh.htm">[14]</a></font></li>

</ul>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other clients include:</font></p>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Democratic Party of Japan <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/features/news/20050905p2g00m0fe024000c.html">[15]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">HBOS, the UK’s biggest mortgage and savings bank; <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=236849&site=1&setcookie=1">[16]</a> (Sub req'd)</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Quickie Manufacturing Corporation <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.prnewswire.com/cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/12-27-2004/0002715694&EDATE=">[17]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AtheroGenics Inc <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.medadnews.com/News/Index.cfm?articleid=201249">[18]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marriott Hotels and Ritz-Carlton Hotels <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/February2005/01/c9203.html">[19]</a>*Mexicana Airlines <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/January2005/13/c2501.html">[20]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Insurance Commissioners <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://biz.yahoo.com/prnews/050121/phf006_1.html">[21]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">California Grown <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.modbee.com/business/story/10115838p-10938581c.html">[22]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Egypt <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=240663&site=1">[23]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=San_Joaquin_County&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="San Joaquin County (page does not exist)">San Joaquin County</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.insidebayarea.com/trivalleyherald/localnews/ci_3166707#top">[24]</a></font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=King_Abdullah_University_of_Science_and_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (page does not exist)">King Abdullah University of Science and Technology</a>, a "post-graduate, research-focused university ... scheduled to open in 2009," according to <i>PR Week</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.prweek.com/us/news/article/658335/Fleishman-touting-new-Saudi-graduate-university/">[25]</a></font></li>

</ul>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In August 2004, <i>PR Week</i> reported that the Chicago office of F-H were advising <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/PepsiCo" title="PepsiCo">PepsiCo</a> with a campaign to respond to concern about rising levels of obesity. The campaign will promote the company's "Smart Spot" on a range of products which it claims contribute to a healthy lifestyle.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.prweek.com/news/news_story.cfm?ID=218719&site=3">[26]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holmesreport.com/agencies/details.cfm?agencyid=59">Holmes Report</a> writes: "Fleishman-Hillard has better national coverage than any of its competitors, with 34 domestic offices. With more than 400 employees, the St. Louis headquarters continues to rank among the largest concentrations of PR talent on the planet, and to handle a wide variety of consumer, business-to-business and corporate clients."</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Holmes also notes: "Fleishman-Hillard has been getting more and more deeply involved in the biotechnology sector, helping the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Biotechnology_Industry_Organization" title="Biotechnology Industry Organization">Biotechnology Industry Organization</a> and the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Council_of_Biotechnology_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Council of Biotechnology Information (page does not exist)">Council of Biotechnology Information</a> communicate the benefits of the technology to consumers and opinion leaders."<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.holmesreport.com/holmestemp/story.cfm?edit_id=3584&typeid=10">[27]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In August 2006, one day after the Associated Press reported that the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/E-voting" title="E-voting" class="mw-redirect">electronic voting</a> machine company <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Election_Systems%26_Software,Inc._%28ES%26S%29" title="Election Systems & Software, Inc. (ES&S)">Election Systems & Software</a> (ES&S) "agreed to a $750,000 settlement that resolves complaints filed after its software caused delays for some Indiana voters and election officials during the state's May primary," <i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i> reported that Fleishman-Hillard was representing ES&S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/newssentinel/news/local/15334638.htm">[28]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0823fh_ess.htm">[29]</a></font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Fleishman-Hillard_and_UK_politics"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fleishman-Hillard and UK politics</font></span></h2>

<p><font face="Times New Roman">In April 2005 Kevin Maguire wrote of F-H distributing a glossy brochure to their clients sketching the likely changes that could be expected under a Labour government led by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Gordon Brown</a>. "Warning multinational bosses that the next Labour premier's philosophy is built on - wait for it - equity, the booklet predicts Brown will centralise power around himself," Maguire wrote. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup></font>

<font face="Times New Roman">In June 2005, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kevin_Bell" title="Kevin Bell">Kevin Bell</a> from the UK arm of Fleishman-Hillard spoke at a one-day conference in London called <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/ID_Cards:_Towards_Procurement_and_Implementation" title="ID Cards: Towards Procurement and Implementation">ID Cards: Towards Procurement and Implementation</a>. The title of his talk was "Achieving public acceptance". <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup></font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="EU_petition_manipulation"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EU petition manipulation</font></span></h2>

<p><font face="Times New Roman">As an effort to greater transparency and public input, the EU commission introduced a series of petitions as a means to obtain public input. These petitions became the target of two PR companies (Bell Pottinger and Fleishman-Hillard) who offered to manipulate the results to affect EU legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup></font></p>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Case_studies"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Case studies</font></span></h2>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/A_Public_Relations_Proposal_for_ACVA_Atlantic,_Inc." title="A Public Relations Proposal for ACVA Atlantic, Inc."><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">A Public Relations Proposal for ACVA Atlantic, Inc.</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fleishman-Hillard_%26_the_controversy_on_overbilling_the_Los_Angeles_Department_of_Water_and_Power" title="Fleishman-Hillard & the controversy on overbilling the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Fleishman-Hillard & the controversy on overbilling the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact information</font></span></h2>

<dl>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FH St. Louis</font></dd>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">200 N. Broadway</font></dd>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">St. Louis, MO 63102</font></dd>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Phone: 314-982-7725</font></dd>

<dd><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fleishman.com">www.fleishman.com</a></font></dd>

</dl>

<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_and_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and resources</font></span></h2>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch articles</font></span></h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fleishman-Hillard%27s_International_Advisory_Board" title="Fleishman-Hillard's International Advisory Board" class="mw-redirect"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Fleishman-Hillard's International Advisory Board</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Barry_McCaffrey" title="Barry McCaffrey" class="mw-redirect"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Barry McCaffrey</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Election_Systems%26_Software,Inc._%28ES%26S%29" title="Election Systems & Software, Inc. (ES&S)"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Election Systems & Software, Inc. (ES&S)</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Office of National Drug Control Policy</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Overbilling" title="Overbilling"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Overbilling</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations_firms" title="Public relations firms"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Public relations firms</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations_associations" title="Public relations associations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Public relations associations</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Public_relations_professionals" title="Public relations professionals" class="mw-redirect"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Public relations professionals</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h3>

<li id="cite_note-Moms-0"><font face="Times New Roman">↑ <sup><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_ref-Moms_0-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_ref-Moms_0-1">1.1</a></sup> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.holmesreport.com/fullstory.cfm?edit_id=9930&typeid=1&nlid=161">New Fleishman Practice Focuses on Marketing to Moms</a>," <i>Holmes Report</i> (sub req'd), January 26, 2009.</span></font></li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fleishman-Hillard#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text">Kevin Rawlinson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/revealed-lobbyists-plans-to-hijack-peoples-petitions-7628058.html">Revealed: lobbyists' plans to hijack 'people's petitions'</a>, Independent, 10 April 2012.</span></font></li>

</ol>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="External_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External resources</font></span></h3>

<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="External_articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External articles</font></span></h3>

<ul>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claudia H. Deutsch, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE1D91031F930A25755C0A967958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all">The Boss Who Plays Now Pays</a>," <i>New York Times</i>, June 13, 1991.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David Lazarus, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/chronicle/archive/2004/05/05/BUG8V6FKBR1.DTL">Union, SBC Talks Resume</a>," <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>, May 5, 2004.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Meat Institute, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meatami.com/Content/NavigationMenu/CrisisCenter/ExternalCrisisManagementResources/PublicRelationsFirmsWithCrisisManagementCapabilities/Public_Relations_Firms_With_Crisis_Management_Capabilities.htm">Public Relations Firms With Crisis Management Capabilities</a>, accessed February 8, 2004.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Andrew Davis, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windycitymediagroup.com/gay/lesbian/news/ARTICLE.php?AID=6887">Fleishman-Hillard: Out in Front of the Competition</a>", <i>Windy City Times</i>, December 15, 2004. (This is an interview with F-H's Phillip Sontag about it's launch of a gay and lesbian PR and marketing practice, FH Out Front).</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://citizensforethics.org/activities/campaign.php?view=30">CREW Files Complaint Against Social Security Administration -- SSA Paid Fleischman-Hillard $1.8 million</a>", Media Release, February 23, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dan Bloch, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=236849&site=1&setcookie=1">F-H to highlight HBOS’s social banking agenda</a>", <i>PR Week</i>, April 01 2005. (Sub req'd)</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/breaking_news/11266759.htm">Former Fleishman-Hillard L.A. chief sues for wrongful termination</a>", <i>The Mercury News</i>, March 30, 2005. (This is an Associated Press story).</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kevin Maguire, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/200504180015">The insider - Kevin Maguire on election brochures and butties</a>", <i>New Statesman</i>, April 18, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip Dine, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/politics/11574369.htm">Illinois spends at least $3 million lobbying to save military bases</a>", <i>St. Louis Post-Dispatch</i>, May 5, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/features/news/20050905p2g00m0fe024000c.html">Koizumi and chief rival a study in contrasts</a>", <i>Mainichi Daily News</i>, September 5, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Black, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prweek.com/news/news_worldwire.cfm?ID=240663&site=1">F-H bags Egypt attempt to woo foreign investors</a>", <i>PR Week</i>, September 9, 2005. (Sub req'd).</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Les Mahler, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insidebayarea.com/trivalleyherald/localnews/ci_3166707#top">San Joaquin County retains D.C. lobbyist: Vote to keep Fleishman-Hillard touches off debate</a>", <i>Tri-Valley Herald</i>, October 30, 2005.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bob Evans, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansascity.com/mld/kansascity/news/nation/13368277.htm">How a company cashed in on anthrax</a>", Kansas City Star, December 9, 2005. (Originally published in Daily Press, Newport News, Va.)</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Josh Kleinbaum, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailynews.com/news/ci_3708948">Main witness still in hot seat: PR veep: I cooperated with prosecution for immunity</a>", <i>Los Angeles Daily News</i>, April 14, 2006.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Stauber, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/node/4800">Food Flack Nation Attacks Journalist Eric Schlosser</a>, PRWatch.com, May 11, 2006</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles Wilson, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/newssentinel/news/local/15334638.htm">Company agrees to $750,000 settlement for election troubles</a>", <i>Associated Press</i>, August 22, 2006.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0823fh_ess.htm">ES&S Counts on F-H</a>," <i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i> (sub req'd), August 23, 2006.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fleishman.com/news/pr032107.html">Senator Jim Talent Joins Fleishnman-Hillard Government Relations</a>," , March 21, 2007</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ted McKenna, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prweek.com/us/news/article/658335/Fleishman-touting-new-Saudi-graduate-university/">Fleishman touting new Saudi graduate university</a>," <i>PR Week</i>, May 17, 2007.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0618talent_fh.htm">Big Three Put Talent in Driver's Seat</a>," <i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i> (sub req'd), June 18, 2007.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David Barstow, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/washington/30general.html">One Man’s Military-Industrial-Media Complex</a>," <i>New York Times</i>, November 29, 2008.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Diane Farsetta, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prwatch.org/node/8027">An Officer and a Conflicted Man: McCaffrey, the Pentagon and Fleishman-Hillard</a>," <i>PR Watch</i>, December 5, 2008.</font></li>

<li><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Press release, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pharmalive.com/News/index.cfm?articleid=626549&categoryid=20">Patient Recruitment Leaders Form National Steering Committee</a>," <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=The_Patient_Recruitment_Organization&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Patient Recruitment Organization (page does not exist)">The Patient Recruitment Organization</a> via PharmaLive.com, May 13, 2009.</font></li>

</ul>

</div>

<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: </font>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Public_relations_firms" title="Category:Public relations firms"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Public relations firms</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:U.S._Government_PR_Contracts" title="Category:U.S. Government PR Contracts"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">U.S. Government PR Contracts</font></a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Pentagon_military_analyst_program" title="Category:Pentagon military analyst program"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Pentagon military analyst program</font></a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <b>Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers</b> is a trade association of nine car and light truck manufacturers.</font>

 </p>

<h2 style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></h2>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers#History" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers#2007_fight_against_fuel_efficiency_standards" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">2007 fight against fuel efficiency standards</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers#Membership" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Membership</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers#Contact_details" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Contact details</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers#SourceWatch_resources" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">SourceWatch resources</span></font></a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_of_Automobile_Manufacturers#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></font></a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="History"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Afraid that their vote to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil exploration might make Congress more likely to increase fuel efficiency standards, the automobile industry is "trying to polish its image." The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers is claiming, in newspaper and radio ads, and on cleaning sponges given to Congressional staffers, that "cars are 99% cleaner than they used to be." (The Union of Concerned Scientists calls the Auto Alliance campaign "highly misleading.")</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">An Auto Alliance spokesperson said increased fuel standards would be "very difficult to achieve," because of the popularity of large vehicles. "It's not what we manufacture; it's what consumers buy," she said. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://thehill.com/thehill/export/TheHill/Business/031605.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">[1]</a></font></p>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="2007_fight_against_fuel_efficiency_standards"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2007 fight against fuel efficiency standards</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Automakers plan to attack congressional efforts to raise fuel mileage standards in a series of radio and newspaper advertisements this weekend, the unofficial start of summer driving season," reported <i>The Hill</i> in May 2007. "The ad campaign, sponsored by the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, focuses on states with a high proportion of truck and SUV drivers to stoke grassroots opposition to a Senate bill that would raise fuel standards for cars and trucks by 10 miles per gallon over the next 10 years. " <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://thehill.com/business--lobby/auto-group-to-attack-fuel-mileage-standards-2007-05-25.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">[2]</a></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The auto lobby has a website at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.drivecongress.com/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">http://www.drivecongress.com</a> with a toll-free number to get US drivers lobbying Congress against fuel efficiency standards.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In his new role as co-chair of the PR firm <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fleishman-Hillard" title="Fleishman-Hillard" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Fleishman-Hillard</a>'s government relations (or lobbying) practice, former U.S. Senator <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Jim Talent</a> will be "spearheading the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers' bid to torpedo the effort to raise fuel mileage standards to 52 miles per gallon" by 2030, reported <i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i> in June 2007. Instead, the automakers are supporting a compromise measure from Senators <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Carl_Levin" title="Carl Levin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Carl Levin</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kit Bond</a>. "Talent cannot lobby for the Levin-Bond bill because of Senate rules," explained <i>O'Dwyer's</i>. "He can do media outreach on behalf of the carmakers." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0618talent_fh.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">[3]</a></font></p>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Membership"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Membership</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Members, as of March 2005, are:</font></p>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=BMW&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BMW (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">BMW</a> Group,</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/DaimlerChrysler" title="DaimlerChrysler" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">DaimlerChrysler</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ford" title="Ford" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ford</a> Motor Company</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/General_Motors" title="General Motors" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">General Motors</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mazda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazda (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Mazda</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Motors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitsubishi Motors (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Mitsubishi Motors</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Porsche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porsche (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Porsche</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Toyota" title="Toyota" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Toyota</a>; and</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Volkswagen" title="Volkswagen" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Volkswagen</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_details"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact details</font></span></h2>

<p style=" margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1401 Eye Street, N.W., Suite 900

Washington, DC 20005

Tel: (202) 326-5500

Fax: (202) 326-5598

Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.autoalliance.org/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">http://www.autoalliance.org/</a></font></p>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="SourceWatch_resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SourceWatch resources</font></span></h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Alliance_for_Energy_and_Economic_Growth" title="Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Coalition_for_Vehicle_Choice" title="Coalition for Vehicle Choice" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Coalition for Vehicle Choice</font></a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fuel_efficiency_standards_and_the_laws_of_physics" title="Fuel efficiency standards and the laws of physics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Fuel efficiency standards and the laws of physics</font></a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></span></h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jim Snyder, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehill.com/thehill/export/TheHill/Business/031605.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Lobbyists see a tradeoff -- ANWR for CAFE standards</a>", <i>The Hill</i>, March 16, 2005.</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jim Snyder, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thehill.com/business--lobby/auto-group-to-attack-fuel-mileage-standards-2007-05-25.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Auto group to attack fuel-mileage standards</a>, <i>The Hill</i>, May 25, 2007</font></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.odwyerpr.com/members/0618talent_fh.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Big Three Put Talent in Driver's Seat</a>," <i>O'Dwyer's PR Daily</i> (sub req'd), June 18, 2007.</font></li>

</ul>

</div>

</li><li style=" margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Industry_lobby_groups" title="Category:Industry lobby groups" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Industry lobby groups</font></a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see CIC:</font></p><div id="su-post-5171" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><h2 class="su-post-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: none; line-height: 1.2;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">C<a href="https://climateinvestigations.org/trade-associations-pr-investigation-media/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.07s ease-in-out 0s;">IC’s Trade Associations PR Investigation in the Media</a></font></h2><div class="su-post-meta" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 0.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Posted: April 8, 2019</font></div><div class="su-post-excerpt" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In early March 2019, the Climate Investigations Center (CIC) launched its Trade Associations and the Public Relations Industry report, which revealed the almost $1.4 billion energy and business trade associations spent over the past decade on advertising, communications, and advocacy via contracts with public relations (PR) companies. Since the publication of the report, CIC’s Kert <a class="read-more" href="https://climateinvestigations.org/trade-associations-pr-investigation-media/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.07s ease-in-out 0s;">…</a></font></p></div></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://climateinvestigations.org/trade-associations-pr-investigation-media/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://climateinvestigations.org/trade-associations-pr-investigation-media/</a></font></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx graphs</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">CIC’s Trade Associations PR Investigation in the Media</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Climate Investigations Center on April 8, 2019</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">cic pr trade association report summarization photo</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>In early March 2019, the Climate Investigations Center (CIC) launched its Trade Associations and the Public Relations Industry report, which revealed the almost $1.4 billion energy and business trade associations spent over the past decade on advertising, communications, and advocacy via contracts with public relations (PR) companies.</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Since the publication of the report, CIC’s Kert Davies has been interviewed by online media outlets and podcasts discussing which PR firms were contracted, the various campaigns spawned from these connections, and the impacts these campaigns have on the public and lawmakers.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">HuffPost</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">In a HuffPost article titled Big Business Spent $1.4 Billion On PR, Advertising Over The Last Decade, Chris D’Angelo wrote about CIC’s findings on trade associations and their public relations contracts. Additionally, D’Angelo interviewed Robert Brulle, an environmental sociologist at Brown University who has tracked corporate spending and climate change denial groups. Regarding trade association PR contracts, Brulle says, “I don’t think you can understand the opposition to climate action unless you take this massive amount of activity into account.” Brulle called these PR campaigns the “sinews of the political operations and the cultural operations surrounding climate politics.”</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Drilled Podcast</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">“In a lot of ways, PR firms have been sort of the linchpin of the fossil fuel industry’s plan for a long, long time.”</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">The true crime podcast, Drilled, hosted Davies on an episode titled, Big Oil Is Ramping Up PR Spending and Oil Production, which focused on the relationship between the fossil fuel industry and public relations firms. The episode covered both CIC’s trade association PR investigation as well as a report published by Influence Map.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Host Amy Westervelt described PR firms as being “the linchpin of the fossil fuel industry’s plan for a long, long time,” highlighting their extensive use by trade associations that represent the corporate interests of their membership. These trade associations allow member companies to push their political and anti-environmental agendas without a direct connection to their brand which might tarnish their reputation.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Westervelt highlighted trade associations such as the American Petroleum Institute (API), the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), and the US Chamber of Commerce as some of the biggest offenders.  During the interview, Davies explained that the visible PR campaigns are part of larger goals and targets that have been “agreed upon by the members of that trade association” and are a “window into their political game.” He notes that this tactic includes “very little overt climate denial” and instead is about “laying the groundwork for the campaigns that are against policies on climate change.” For instance, by “making fracking look good” people may begin to “question these policies like the Green New Deal,” Davies says.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Example of trade association advertising, this is API’s Vote4Energy campaign: “We can produce the energy America needs and protect the environment – it doesn’t have to be either/or. There’s already been a lot of progress.” Member companies of API include ExxonMobil, BP, and Shell.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">The Real News Network</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Kert Davies interviewed by Dharna Noor on the Real News Network, April 2019. View the video above to watch the full Real News Network segment on CIC’s trade associations and public relations spending report.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Davies was also recently interviewed on the Real News Network where he outlined the origins of CIC’s 2019 trade association PR investigation, showcased the report’s findings, and discussed the purpose of trade association campaigns.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">As discussed on the show, <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);">the money spent on PR contracts by renewable energy associations and fossil fuel associations was a major finding of CIC’s investigation. Of the almost $1.4 billion spent by trade associations in the past decade, only $98.4 million of it (7%) was spent by renewable energy associations</span>. In his interview, Davies elaborated, stating:</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>…it turns out that if you add all of [the renewable energy trade association PR contracts] up, including the ones that do biofuels and ethanol… they are a fraction of the total spending…<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"> API alone is six times the total spending of all the renewable energy associations combined.</span></b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">API alone spent over six times more than the renewable energy trade associations we analyzed.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Davies also explains that this 2019 report was a continuation of a 2014 CIC investigation, which started with a survey to PR firms asking questions about their internal climate action plans, carbon tracking initiatives, and any client projects focused on climate change issues. As Davies explained, “Turns out, nobody had ever asked the PR companies these questions before, but we got some very interesting responses, including the biggest company, Edelman, who accidentally sent me an email saying ‘there are only wrong answers here, don’t respond.’”</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>Edelman PR email replying to Kert Davies, "There are no right answers for this guy."</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Dharna Noor, host of the Real News Network segment, also highlighted Edelman’s connection to Koch Industries, “a key funder of climate change denial messaging.” As detailed in CIC’s investigation, Edelman was a frequent contractor to the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, of which Koch Industries and its subsidiary, Flint Hills Resources, is a member.</span></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">The Intercept</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">…companies are “using stories that appear to be part of a journalistic publication, but are actually paid for by advertisers in attempt to improve an image…”</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">In early April 2019, the Intercept published an article by <b>Sharon Lerner titled, How the Media Launders Fossil Fuel Industry Propaganda Through Branded Content. The Intercept article warns against the rise of ”<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">native advertising</span>”</b>, which is a form of advertising where an ad is written in article form and published on credible news sites to look like an article.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Lerner explains that fossil fuel and other companies are “using stories that appear to be part of a journalistic publication, but are actually paid for by advertisers in attempt to improve an image suffering in the coverage done by actual journalists.” Lerner cites CIC’s research, saying, “Industry trade groups spent almost $1.4 billion on PR, advertising and communications contractors over the past decade, according to the Climate Investigations Center, almost half of which came from the American Petroleum Institute.”</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Click here to read CIC’s full Trade Associations and the Public Relations Industry report</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><a href="https://climateinvestigations.org/trade-association-pr-spending/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://climateinvestigations.org/trade-association-pr-spending/</a></div></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="" /><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style=""><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">no lnx graphs</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><div class="entry-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: top;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.2em; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: center;" /></div></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Trade Associations and the Public Relations Industry</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">How much money have the corporate and fossil fuel industry’s powerful trade association allies spent to convince the American public that its products are beneficial and necessary – and to stymie progress on climate change that could harm its financial interests?</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">To find out, Climate Investigations Center researchers analyzed the public relations expenditures of these trade associations going back to 2008, using data from publicly-available federal Form 990 tax records. The expenditures provide unique insight into trade association priorities and the willingness of public relations firms to represent socially harmful industries.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">The trade associations we analyzed spent almost $1.4 billion on contracts with public relations, advertising, and communications contractors since 2008.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Between 2008 and 2017, these trade associations spent almost $1.4 billion on public relations, advertising, and communications contractors. The American Petroleum Institute eclipses all spenders at $663 million over this time period, accounting for nearly half the total trackable spending from all trade associations. The US Chamber of Commerce ranked second at $244 million spent. We found that the public relations firms with the most lucrative contracts over the time period of our dataset were </span><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Edelman, DDC Advocacy, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">FleishmanHillard</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">, and Blue Advertising (once part of Edelman).</span></b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Many of the trade associations we analyzed are fossil fuel associated but represent different sectors of the industry, such as oil, gas, coal, petrochemical, mining, and utility companies. Trade associations spend their revenue, from members’ dues, on salaries, rent, and services such as lobbying and legal counsel, to forward the goals of the industry they represent.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Trade associations routinely utilize the advertising and<b> front group — astroturf </b>— services that public relations firms can provide. Top trade associations spend millions on public relations work each year, often targeting the Washington DC media market and political decision makers.  Some prominent PR campaigns are launched nationwide,  while others create front groups that will intentionally never bear the trade association’s name.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">To view the spending by individual trade associations or to see a profile of the PR firms we analyzed,</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">click on the links below:</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>Trade Associations</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">American Fuels & Petrochemical Manufacturers</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">America’s Natural Gas Alliance</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">American Petroleum Institute</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Edison Electric Institute</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">National Association of Manufacturers</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">National Mining Association</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">National Propane Gas Association</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">National Rural Electric Cooperative Association</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Nuclear Energy Institute</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Western Energy Alliance</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Renewable Energy associations</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>Public Relations Firms</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Edelman and Blue Advertising</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Burson-Marsteller (Burson Cohn & Wolfe, as of 2018)</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">DCI Group</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Democracy, Data & Communications Advocacy (DDC Advocacy)</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">FleishmanHillard</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">FTI Consulting</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Hawthorn Group</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Hill+Knowlton</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Kivvit</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Porter Novelli</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Something Else Strategies</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Our analysis also reveals that fossil fuel trade associations far exceed the PR and advertising spending of renewable energy trade associations. One fossil fuel industry trade association, the American Petroleum Institute, spent over six times more than four prominent renewable energy trade associations combined. In total, the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), Growth Energy, the National Biodiesel Board (NBB), and the Solar Energy Industry Association (SEIA) spent $98.4 million on PR and advertising during the 2008 to 2017 period. API alone dwarfs all four associations, spending a total of $663.2 million during the same time period.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">API alone spent over six times more than the renewable energy trade associations we analyzed.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">In addition to a comprehensive analysis of how industry utilizes these sizable contracts, CIC has made available all the IRS 990 tax forms used in this analysis, and produced interactive data visualizations and downloadable spreadsheets with the raw data.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">In this report, the Climate Investigations Center has extended and updated the Center for Public Integrity’s groundbreaking 2015 report on public relations spending by trade associations.  Spending data we have compiled since the CPI analysis confirms that public relations firms remain in a lucrative and influential partnership with big business and energy trade associations.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>The Center for Public Integrity published “Who needs lobbyists? See what big business spends to win American minds,”</b> which was the most thorough analysis of trade association spending to date in January 2015. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);">The report compiled IRS 990 data from 2008 through 2012 to reveal that trade associations were often spending more on public relations firms than lobbyists. </span>For some industries, advertising and front groups seemed to be the most powerful chosen means of achieving policy goals, putting public relations firms at the center of the policy debate over clean air, climate solutions, and good governance.</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Download our data here (.csv file), or view in the table below:</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>Trade Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Contract Recipient<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Year<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Amount Paid</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><b>Western Energy Alliance</b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Resonate Networks<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$175,000.00</span></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Western Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">FTI Consulting<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$217,317.00</span></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Western Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Resonate Networks<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$200,000.00</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Western Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>FTI Consulting<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$243,000.00</b></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">Western Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Clear Channel<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$125,360.00</span></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">United States Chamber of Commerce</span><b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Agency<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></b>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,834,422.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Something Else Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,270,805.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Media Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,150,000.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>R Street Films<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,554,650.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Albright Stonebridge Group LLC</b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$712,888.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Something Else Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,919,990.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>R Street Films</b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,500,000.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Media Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$9,204,150.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Something Else Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$10,400,000.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>Glass House Strategy</b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$797,550.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Integrated Web Strategy</span><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,756,009.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Media Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,734,327.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Media Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$14,456,184.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Something Else Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,200,000.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Something Else Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$7,050,000.00</div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5;">many more pages]</div></div><div id="su-post-5103" class="su-post" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 2.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font><h2 class="su-post-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: none; line-height: 1.2;"><a href="https://climateinvestigations.org/energy-trade-associations-spend-pr/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; transition: all 0.07s ease-in-out 0s;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Energy and Corporate Trade Associations Spend $1.4 Billion on PR Campaigns</font></a></h2><div class="su-post-meta" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.7em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; opacity: 0.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Posted: March 14, 2019</font></div><div class="su-post-excerpt" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><p style="margin: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How much money have the fossil fuel industry’s powerful trade association allies spent to convince the American public that its products are beneficial and necessary – and to stymie progress on climate change that could harm its financial interests? To find out, Climate Investigations Center researchers analyzed the public relations expenditures of these trade association</font></p></div></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MAY BE INC CIC</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><div style=""><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Integrated Web Strategy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,225,909.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United States Chamber of Commerce<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Presentation Testing<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$452,450.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Crosscut Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$251,005.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Crosscut Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$451,005.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Greentech Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$161,363.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Greentech Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$206,338.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blue Worldwide<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$410,790.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tiger Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$275,915.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Forum One Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$160,200.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tiger Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$272,164.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blake & Company<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$141,343.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tiger Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$277,035.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pillsbury Winthrop<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$143,719.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Solar Energy Industries Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Tiger Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$282,561.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bully Pullpit Interactive LLC<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,297,500.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>APCO Worldwide<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,801,384.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bully Pulpit Interactive<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,129,201.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>APCO Worldwide<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,152,606.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,624,600.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Kivvit<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,887,451.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p 4</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Kivvit<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$7,231,176.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,997,011.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$931,512.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,194,235.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Potomac Communications Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$486,715.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,602,939.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,876,578.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,796,853.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Potomac Communications Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$462,956.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,964,386.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Burson-Marsteller<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$294,414.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,463,288.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Potomac Communications Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$491,602.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,720,107.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,107,578.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Luntz Global LLC<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$547,256.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,867,491.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hill+Knowlton<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,128,574.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Potomac Communications Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$403,107.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nuclear Energy Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Smith & Harroff Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,221,698.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...page 8</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,851,461.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,199,953.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,424,574.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FTI Consulting<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$7,942,891.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Mentzer Media Services<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,867,890.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,582,784.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hamilton Place Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,441,979.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,770,200.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Target Enterprises<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,425,743.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>IMGE<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$916,645.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,770,200.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Multi Media Services<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,587,236.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,610,413.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Target Enterprises<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,443,489.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,080,878.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gallatin Public Affairs<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$553,190.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Target Enterprises<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,748,483.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Target Enterprises<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,800,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Cove Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$165,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Target Enterprises<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,400,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p 9</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,543,079.00</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">National Association of Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>FleishmanHillard</b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$402,500.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Interstate Natural Gas Association of America<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bracewell & Giuliani<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$204,109.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Interstate Natural Gas Association of America<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Icemiller Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$120,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>GRP Buying<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,019,657.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>RCR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,803,637.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Plus Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,826,908.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>NASCAR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,000,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>NASCAR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,500,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>NASCAR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,600,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FP1 Public Affairs<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,494,435.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FP1 Public Affairs<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,464,619.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>RCR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,963,615.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>RCR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,131,950.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>NASCAR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,600,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>America's Renewable Future<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,250,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FUELSAMERICA<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,000,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>NASCAR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,600,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>RCR<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,731,782.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Growth Energy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Americans United For Change<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,582,450.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p 11</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Net Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$750,599.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Sloane & Company<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$391,995.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,091,122.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,326,106.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>R&R Partners<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$515,811.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$683,183.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$548,163.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>GC Strategic Advocacy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$543,940.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>IMGE<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$727,470.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edison Electric Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>GC Strategic Advocacy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,100,597.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Capital Counsel<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$250,328.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Media Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,046,395.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Elmendorf Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$180,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Rosen Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$334,995.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Revolution Media Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,722,452.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>GSD&M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$31,989,809.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Wind Energy Association<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>New Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$744,274.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DDC Advocacy<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$7,735,244.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Pool House<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,299,340.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>GSD&M<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$30,396,324.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p12</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blue Advertising<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$24,355,069.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$6,922,626.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Advocates Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,039,363.00</font></div><div style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FleishmanHillard<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$9,515,924.0</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">0</span></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$6,738,577.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Advocates Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,090,899.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blue Advertising<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$26,890,598.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Designated Market Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$10,840,597.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<b><span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>FleishmanHillard<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$18,255,218.00</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$7,466,543.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blue Advertising<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$28,272,065.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>FleishmanHillard<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$17,254,064.00</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Designated Market Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$8,144,795.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$6,961,184.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blue Advertising<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$32,834,698.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Designated Market Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$6,124,143.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>FleishmanHillard<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$23,941,600.00</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,553,397.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$51,917,692.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>FleishmanHillard<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$22,782,020.00</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p13</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Designated Market Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,289,804.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,529,594.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Advocates Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$5,430,224.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$68,306,448.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span><b>FleishmanHillard<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,846,056.00</b></font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,089,200.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$63,228,379.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Advocates Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,843,563.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$68,732,735.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Advocates Inc<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,138,667.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$75,207,455.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DC Navigators<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2008<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,300,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Glover Park<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,597,208.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Porter Novelli<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$683,645.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Porter Novelli<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,171,558.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Glover Park<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,777,189.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Gladstein Neandross & Associates<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$934,016.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Glover Park<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,963,161.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dewey Square<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$738,957.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Natural Gas Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dewey Square<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,475,506.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p 15</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Just Add Firewater<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$771,978.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Singer Associates<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,080,436.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,595,348.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Dezenhall Resources<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,500,546.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,011,828.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,996,049.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>American Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$350,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$3,034,064.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>American Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$450,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consumer Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$522,500.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>American Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$895,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consumer Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$790,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Creative Response Concepts<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$722,205.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Edelman<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$638,494.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Consumer Energy Alliance<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,045,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Prisim Public Affairs<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2010<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$250,194.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Eletricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2018<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$247,277.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Bevendge Seay<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2009<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$168,678.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2017<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$490,770.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,093,877.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">p 16</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$673,111.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Stateside Associates<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2016<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$252,045.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,583,262.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Causeway Soultions<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$513,891.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Democracy Data & Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$387,902.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blueprint Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$300,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Real Clear Holdings<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2015<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$346,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,083,525.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>NJI Media<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$313,775.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Wilkinson Barker Knauer LLP<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$240,399.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Blueprint Communications<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2014<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$240,000.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>JDA Frontline<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$650,108.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2013<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,811,881.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White and Partners<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$16,169,526.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>New Media Strategies<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$4,018,884.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hawthorn Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,591,098.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>DCI Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2012<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,187,219.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>White and Partners<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$23,943,108.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Hawthorn Group<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$2,008,860.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Coalition on Clean Coal Electricity<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>R&R Partners<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>2011<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>$1,626,678.00</font></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">end?</font></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p>

Fleishman-Hillard

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