Cabot/Lodge

uber1<a href="https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-6539">https://webbrain.com/brainpage/brain/6950F840-FB80-FCB0-D505-8AB1FA685F08#-6539</a>objected to US not taking mandate in turkey, access to ME oil

UFC:  Senator Henry Cabot Lodge junior. was the son of the Henry Cabot Lodge who had so hated the League of Nations.  His family went as far back as President Adams.

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stone protege how?

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<a href="http://theoligarchkings.wordpress.com/2010/09/07/rodney-frelinghuysen-and-new-jersey/">http://theoligarchkings.wordpress.com/2010/09/07/rodney-frelinghuysen-and-new-jersey/</a>

<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 23.3999996185303px; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rodney Frelinghuysen’s (R-NJ) office is different from most that you might visit in Congress. It’s the same size and shape, but unusually has the air of a political museum. On the wall behind the desk is a huge campaign flag that once flew for his ancestor in the epic Presidential contest of 1844, when Henry Clay and Theodore Frelinghuysen clashed, unsuccessfully, with Polk and Dallas....The Frelinghuysens have managed to rack up so many oligarchical appearances in Washington that as a family they rank seventh in the “dynasties” of America just behind the Adams (at five) and the Bushes (at six).[bushes are distant cousins to Roosevelts?}...Theodore’s brother John another General, married a Mercer, one of a family connected to the later Bushes. Another relative was father-in-law to Henry Cabot Lodge junior. Making Rodney and George Cabot Lodge (delegate to Republican National Conventions) third cousins.

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John Davis Lodge (October 20, 1903 – October 29, 1985), was an American actor turned politician. He was the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Connecticut" title="List of Governors of Connecticut" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">79th Governor of Connecticut</a> from 1951 to 1955, and U.S. Ambassador to Spain, Argentina, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Switzerland</a>. As an actor, he was often credited simply as John Lodge.

<h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>

[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Early_life" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Early life</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2 Career</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Acting" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.1 Acting</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Military" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.2 Military</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Political" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.3 Political</a></li>

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<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Personal_life" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 Personal life</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#Selected_filmography" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 Selected filmography</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#References" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 References</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#External_links" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">6 External links</a></li>

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<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Davis_Lodge&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

Lodge was born in Washington, D.C. His father was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cabot_Lodge" title="George Cabot Lodge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George Cabot Lodge</a>, a poet, through whom he was a grandson of Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Henry Cabot Lodge</a> and great-great-great-grandson of Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Cabot" title="George Cabot" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">George Cabot</a>. His mother was Mathilda Elizabeth Frelinghuysen (Davis) Lodge. He had two siblings: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr." class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.</a>, also a politician, and Helena Lodge de Streel, a baroness.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#cite_note-JohnDavisLodge-1" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#cite_note-2" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He married actress Francesca Braggiotti (1902–1998).

Lodge attended the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evans_School_for_Boys" title="Evans School for Boys" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Evans School for Boys</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesa,Arizona" title="Mesa, Arizona" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Mesa, Arizona</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesex_School" title="Middlesex School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Middlesex School</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concord,Massachusetts" title="Concord, Massachusetts" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Concord, Massachusetts</a>, Ecole de Droit, Paris, France, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.Albans_School(Washington,D.C.)" title="St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">St. Albans School</a>, Washington, D.C. In 1925, he graduated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Harvard </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">University</a>, where he was a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_Club(Harvard)" title="Fox Club (Harvard)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Fox Club</a>. In 1929, he graduated from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Harvard Law School</a>. In 1932, he was admitted to the New York <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_(law)" title="Bar (law)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">bar</a> and commenced practice in New York City.

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Career[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Davis_Lodge&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Acting<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Davis_Lodge&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Acting" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

During the 1930s and after a brief career as a lawyer Lodge worked as an actor on screen and stage, appearing in starring roles in several notable productions, including some major Hollywood pictures.

Lodge was affiliated with the motion-picture industry and the theater from 1933 to 1942, appearing in movies such as<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Women(1933_film)" title="Little Women (1933 film)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Little Women</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Little_Colonel" title="The Little Colonel" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">The Little Colonel</a> in which he played <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley_Temple" title="Shirley Temple" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Shirley Temple</a>'s father. He was <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Dietrich" title="Marlene Dietrich" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Marlene Dietrich</a>'s co-star in<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Scarlet_Empress" title="The Scarlet Empress" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">The Scarlet Empress</a>. Lodge appeared in several European-made films, in France and the United Kingdom, playing<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog_Drummond" title="Bulldog Drummond" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Bulldog Drummond</a> in the 1937 film <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulldog_Drummond_at_Bay(1937_film)" title="Bulldog Drummond at Bay (1937 film)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Bulldog Drummond at Bay</a>. A fluent French speaker, he performed his roles in French in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Tourneur" title="Maurice Tourneur" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Maurice Tourneur</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koenigsmark(1935_film)" title="Koenigsmark (1935 film)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Koenigsmark</a> (1935) and in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Oph%C3%BCls" title="Max Ophüls" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Max Ophüls</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Mayerling%C3%A0_Sarajevo" title="De Mayerling à Sarajevo" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">De Mayerling à </a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Mayerling%C3%A0_Sarajevo" title="De Mayerling à Sarajevo" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Sarajevo</a>, in which he played the part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria" title="Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Archduke Franz Ferdinand</a> (1940). In 1941, after returning to the United States, he appeared in several Broadway stage productions, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Hellman" title="Lillian Hellman" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lillian Hellman</a>'s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch_on_the_Rhine(play)" title="Watch on the Rhine (play)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Watch on the Rhine</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#cite_note-3" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a>

<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Military<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Davis_Lodge&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

He served with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Navy</a> as a lieutenant and lieutenant commander August 1942 to January 1946 and was a liaison officer between the French and American fleets. He was decorated with the rank of Chevalier in the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Legion_of_Honor" title="French Legion of Honor" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">French Legion of Honor</a> and with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Croix de guerre 1939–1945" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Croix de Guerre</a> with palm by General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Charles de Gaulle</a>. After the war he engaged in research work in economics. He retired from the United States Navy Reserve in 1966 with the rank of<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_(naval)" title="Captain (naval)" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Captain</a>.

<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Political<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Davis_Lodge&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

He was elected as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_(United_States)" title="Republican (United States)" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republican</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Connecticut's 4th congressional district" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Connecticut's 4th congressional district</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">80th</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">81st Congresses</a>, serving from January 3, 1947 to January 3, 1951. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1950. He was elected <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Connecticut" title="Governor of Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Governor of Connecticut</a>, serving from January 1951 to January 1955 and was unsuccessful for reelection in 1954. He was a delegate to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention" style=" color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Republican National Convention</a> from Connecticut in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1952_Republican_National_Convention" title="1952 Republican National Convention" style=" color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1952</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960_Republican_National_Convention" title="1960 Republican National Convention" style=" color: rgb(11, 0, 128); text-decoration: none; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">1960</a>.

Local legend is that the proximate cause of Lodge's defeat in 1954 to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Ribicoff" title="Abraham Ribicoff" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Abraham Ribicoff</a> was disenchantment on the part of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield_County,_Connecticut" title="Fairfield County, Connecticut" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Fairfield County</a> Republicans with the disruption caused by the construction of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut_Turnpike" title="Connecticut Turnpike" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Connecticut Turnpike</a>. Ironically, the highway is now named after the former Governor.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#cite_note-4" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[4]</a>

Lodge then served as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain" title="United States Ambassador to Spain" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United States Ambassador to Spain</a> from January 1955 until January 1961. He was National president, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junior_Achievement" title="Junior Achievement" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Junior Achievement</a>, Inc., 1963–1964. He was an unsuccessful candidate for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Senator" title="U.S. Senator" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">U.S. Senator</a> from Connecticut in 1964. He was chairman, Committee <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy_Research_Institute" title="Foreign Policy Research Institute" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Foreign Policy Research Institute</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania" title="University of Pennsylvania" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">University of Pennsylvania</a>, 1964–1969; delegate and assistant floor leader, Connecticut Constitutional Convention, in 1965; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Argentina" title="United States Ambassador to Argentina" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States Ambassador to Argentina</a>, 1969 to 1974; <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Switzerland" title="United States Ambassador to Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">United States Ambassador to Switzerland</a>, 1983.

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Personal life[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Davis_Lodge&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

He was married July 6, 1929, to actress and ballet dancer, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesca_Braggiotti" title="Francesca Braggiotti" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Francesca Braggiotti</a>; both of them appearing in the 1938 film Tonight at Eleven. One of his children is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_Lodge" title="Lily Lodge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lily Lodge</a> of The Actor's Conservancy. He was a resident of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westport,_Connecticut" title="Westport, Connecticut" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Westport, Connecticut</a> until his death in New York City. He was interred in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arlington National Cemetery</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge#cite_note-5" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a>

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<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Return to Senate and the drafting of Eisenhower<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cabot_Lodge,_Jr.&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to Senate and the drafting of Eisenhower" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

In 1946 Lodge defeated Democratic Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_I.Walsh" title="David I. Walsh" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">David I. Walsh</a> and returned to the U.S. Senate. He soon emerged as a spokesman for the moderate, internationalist wing of the Republican Party. In late 1951, Lodge <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draft_Eisenhower" title="Draft Eisenhower" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">helped persuade</a> General <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D.Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> to run for the Republican presidential nomination. When Eisenhower finally consented, Lodge served as his campaign manager and played a key role in helping Eisenhower to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Party(United_States)presidential_primaries,_1952" title="Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 1952" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">win the nomination</a> over Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Taft" title="Robert Taft" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Taft</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ohio</a>, the candidate of the party's conservative faction.

In fall 1952, Lodge found himself fighting in a tight race for re-election with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">John F. Kennedy</a>, then a representative from Massachusetts. Due to his efforts in helping Eisenhower, Lodge had neglected his own Senate campaign. In addition, some of Taft's supporters in Massachusetts were angered when Lodge supported Eisenhower, and they defected to Kennedy's campaign.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-11" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[11]</a> In November 1952 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Massachusetts,1952" title="United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1952" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Lodge was defeated by Kennedy</a>, Lodge received 48.5% of the vote to Kennedy's 51.5%. This was neither the first nor the last time a Lodge faced a Kennedy in a Massachusetts election: in 1916<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Henry Cabot Lodge</a> had defeated Kennedy's grandfather <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F.Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">John F. Fitzgerald</a> for the same Senate seat, and Lodge's son, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_C._Lodge" title="George C. Lodge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">George</a>, was defeated in his bid for the seat by Kennedy's brother <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ted</a> in the 1962 election for John F. Kennedy's unexpired term.

<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ambassador to United Nations<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cabot_Lodge,_Jr.&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ambassador to United Nations" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

Lodge was named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassadors_to_the_United_Nations" title="United States Ambassadors to the United Nations" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. ambassador</a> to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">United Nations</a> by President Eisenhower in February 1953, with his office elevated to Cabinet level rank. In contrast to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">his grandfather</a> (who had been a principal opponent of the UN's predecessor, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">League of Nations</a>), Lodge was supportive of the UN as an institution for promoting peace. As he famously said about it, "This organization is created to prevent you from going to hell. It isn't created to take you to heaven." <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-12" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[12]</a> Since that time, no one has even approached his record of seven years as ambassador to the UN. During his time as UN Ambassador, Lodge supported the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Cold War</a> policies of the Eisenhower Administration, and often engaged in debates with the UN representatives of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Soviet Union</a>. During the CIA sponsored overthrowing of the legitimate Guatemalan Government, when Britain and France became concerned about the US being involved in the aggression, Lodge (as US Ambassador to the United Nations) threatened to withdraw US support to Great Britain on Egypt and Cyprus and France on Tunisia and Morocco unless they failed to back the US in their action.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-13" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[13]</a> When the Government was overthrown, The United Fruit Company re-established itself in Guatemala. These episodes tainted an otherwise distinguished career and painted Lodge as a face of US Imperialism and exceptionalism.

In 1959, he escorted Soviet leader <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Nikita Khrushchev</a> on a highly publicized tour of the United States.

<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">1960 Vice Presidential campaign<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cabot_Lodge,_Jr.&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1960 Vice Presidential campaign" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

Lodge left the ambassadorship during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.presidential_election,1960" title="U.S. presidential election, 1960" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the election of 1960</a> to run for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Vice President</a> on the Republican ticket headed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Richard Nixon</a>. Before choosing Lodge, Nixon had also considered <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Willkie" title="Philip Willkie" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Philip Willkie</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Indiana</a>, son of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell_L.Willkie" title="Wendell L. Willkie" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Wendell L. Willkie</a>, U.S. Representative <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Ford" title="Gerald Ford" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Gerald Ford</a>, of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Michigan</a>, and U.S. Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thruston_B.Morton" title="Thruston B. Morton" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Thruston B. Morton</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Kentucky</a>. Nixon and Lodge lost the election to Lodge's old foe, Kennedy, in a razor-thin vote. Nixon finally settled on Lodge in the mistaken hope that Lodge's presence on the ticket would force Kennedy to divert time and resources to securing his Massachusetts base, but Kennedy won his home state handily. Nixon also felt that the name Lodge had made for himself in the United Nations as a foreign-policy expert would prove useful against the relatively inexperienced Kennedy. The choice of Lodge proved to be controversial, as some conservative Republicans charged that Lodge had cost the ticket votes, particularly in the South, by his pledge (made without Nixon's approval) that if elected, Nixon would name at least one African American to a cabinet post.[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">citation needed</a>]

Ambassador to South Vietnam[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ambassador to South Vietnam" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]Between 1961 and 1962, Lodge was the first director-general of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Institute" title="Atlantic Institute" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Atlantic Institute</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-14" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[14]</a>

<div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See also: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xa_Loi_Pagoda_raids" title="Xa Loi Pagoda raids" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Xa Loi Pagoda raids</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cable_243" title="Cable 243" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cable 243</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krulak_Mendenhall_mission" title="Krulak Mendenhall mission" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Krulak Mendenhall mission</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McNamara_Taylor_mission" title="McNamara Taylor mission" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">McNamara Taylor mission</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_and_assassination_of_Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arrest and assassination of Ngo Dinh Diem</a></div>

Kennedy appointed Lodge to the position of Ambassador to South Vietnam, which he held from 1963 to 1964. The new ambassador quickly determined that <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem" title="Ngo Dinh Diem" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ngo Dinh Diem</a>, President of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Republic of Vietnam" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Republic of Vietnam</a>, was both inept and corrupt, and that South Vietnam was headed for disaster unless Diem either reformed his administration or was replaced.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-15" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[15]</a> While the coup toppled the Diem government, it sparked a rapid succession of leaders in Vietnam, each unable to rally and unify their people, and each in turn overthrown by someone new. Removal of Diem caused more political instability in the South, since no strong, centralized and permanent government was in place to govern the nation, not to mention an increase in Viet Cong infiltration into the Southern populace and more attacks in the South. After supporting the coup of President Diem, Lodge then realized that the situation in the region deteriorated, and he suggested to the State Department that South Vietnam be made to relinquish its independence, and it be made a protectorate of the United States (like the former status of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Philippines</a>) so as to bring governmental stability. The alternatives, he warned, were either increased military involvement by the U.S., or else total abandonment of South Vietnam by America.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-16" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[16]</a>

<h3 style=" margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">"Walking for President"<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Cabot_Lodge,_Jr.&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: " walking="walking" for="for" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

Later careerIn 1964, Lodge, while still Ambassador to South Vietnam, was the surprise <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write-in_candidate" title="Write-in candidate" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">write-in</a> victor in the Republican <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire_primary" title="New Hampshire primary" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New Hampshire primary</a>, defeating declared presidential candidates <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Barry Goldwater</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Nelson Rockefeller</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge,Jr.#cite_note-17" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[17]</a> His entire campaign was organized by a small band of political amateurs working independently of the ambassador, who, believing they had little hope of winning him any delegates, did nothing to aid their efforts. But when they scored the New Hampshire upset, Lodge, along with the press and Republican party leaders, suddenly began to seriously consider his candidacy. Many observers remarked on the situation's similarity to 1952, when Eisenhower had unexpectedly defeated Senator <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Taft" title="Robert A. Taft" class="mw-redirect" style=" text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Robert A. Taft</a>, then leader of the Republican Party's conservative faction. However, Lodge (who refused to become an open candidate) did not fare as well in later primaries, and Goldwater ultimately won the presidential nomination.

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<div></div><div>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin</div><div>
</div><div>A Boston Brahmin is a member of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Boston</a>'s traditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_class" title="Upper class" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">upper class</a>. Members of this class are characterized by their highly discreet and inconspicuous lifestyle. Members of Boston's Brahmin class form an integral part of the historic core of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">East Coast</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">establishment</a>, and are often associated with the distinctive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin_accent" title="Boston Brahmin accent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Boston Brahmin accent</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Harvard University</a>, and traditional Anglo-American customs and clothing. Descendants of the earliest English colonists, such as those who came to America on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayflower" title="Mayflower" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Mayflower</a> or the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbella" title="Arbella" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Arbella</a>, are often considered to be the most representative of the Boston Brahmins.[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">citation needed</a>]The term was coined by the physician and writer <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes,Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.</a>, in an 1860 article in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly" title="Atlantic Monthly" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Atlantic Monthly</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> The term <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Brahmin</a> refers to the highest ranking caste of people in the traditional <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system_in_India" title="Caste system in India" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Hindu system of castes</a>. In the United States, it has been applied to the old, wealthy <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England" title="New England" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">New England</a> families of British <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestant" title="Protestant" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Protestant</a> origin which were influential in the development of American institutions and culture. The term effectively underscores the strong conviction of the New England gentry that they were a people set apart by destiny to guide the American experiment as their ancestors had played a leading role in founding it. The term also serves to illustrate the erudite and exclusive nature of the New England gentry as perceived by outsiders, and may also refer to their interest in Eastern religions, fostered perhaps by the impact in the 19th century of the transcendentalist writings of New England literary icons as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Walt Whitman</a>, and the enlightened appeal of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universalist_Unitarian" title="Universalist Unitarian" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Universalist Unitarian</a> movements of the same period.<div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; color: rgb(37, 37, 37);"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><h2 style="color: black; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline; line-height: 1.3; background: none;">Contents</h2>  [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Characteristics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1 Characteristics</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Brahmin_families" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2 Brahmin families</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Adams" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.1 Adams</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Amory" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.2 Amory</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Appleton" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.3 Appleton</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Bacon" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.4 Bacon</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Boylston" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.5 Boylston</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Bradlee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.6 Bradlee</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Cabot" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.7 Cabot</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Chaffee.2FChafee" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.8 Chaffee/Chafee</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Choate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.9 Choate</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Codman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.10 Codman</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Coffin" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.11 Coffin</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Coolidge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.12 Coolidge</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Cooper" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.13 Cooper</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Cushing" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.14 Cushing</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Crowninshield" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.15 Crowninshield</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Dana" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">2.16 Dana</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Delano" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.17 Delano</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Dudley" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.18 Dudley</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Dwight" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.19 Dwight</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Eliot" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.20 Eliot</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Emerson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.21 Emerson</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Endicott" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.22 Endicott</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Forbes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.23 Forbes</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Gardner" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.24 Gardner</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Healey.2F_Dall" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.25 Healey / Dall</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Holmes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.26 Holmes</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Jackson" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.27 Jackson</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Lawrence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.28 Lawrence</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Lodge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.29 Lodge</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Lowell" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.30 Lowell</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Lyman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.31 Lyman</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Minot" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.32 Minot</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Norcross" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.33 Norcross</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Otis" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.34 Otis</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Parkman" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.35 Parkman</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Peabody" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.36 Peabody</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Perkins" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.37 Perkins</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Phillips" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.38 Phillips</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Putnam" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.39 Putnam</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Quincy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.40 Quincy</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Rice" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.41 Rice</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Saltonstall" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.42 Saltonstall</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Sargent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.43 Sargent</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Sears" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.44 Sears</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Tarbox" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.45 Tarbox</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Thorndike" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.46 Thorndike</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Tudor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.47 Tudor</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Warren" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.48 Warren</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Weld" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.49 Weld</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Wigglesworth" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.50 Wigglesworth</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#Winthrop" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2.51 Winthrop</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#See_also" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3 See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4 References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-56" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">5 External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Characteristics[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boston_Brahmin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>The nature of the Brahmins is hinted at by the doggerel "Boston Toast" by Holy Cross alumnus John Collins Bossidy.<dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.3999996185303px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">And this is good old Boston,</dd><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">The home of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_baked_beans" title="Boston baked beans" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">bean</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cod" title="Cod" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">cod</a>,</dd><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">Where the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_family" title="Lowell family" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Lowells</a> talk only to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabot_family" title="Cabot family" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Cabots</a>,</dd><dd style="margin-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-right: 0px;">And the Cabots talk only to God.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Brahmin#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a></dd></dl></div><div></div><div><div>548. Boston Associates The Boston Associates were a group of Boston businessmen who built the first power loom. In 1814 in Waltham, Massachusetts, they opened a factory run by Lowell. Their factory made cloth so cheaply that women began to buy it rather than make it themselves.</div><div>
</div><div>549. Lowell Factory Francis Cabot Lowell established a factory in 1814 at Waltham, Massachusetts. It was the first factory in the world to manufacture cotton cloth by power machinery in a building.</div><div>
</div><div>550. Factory girls Lowell opened a chaperoned boarding house for the girls who worked in his factory. He hired girls because they could do the job as well as men (in textiles, sometimes better), and he didn't have to pay them as much. He hired only unmarried women because they needed the money and would not be distracted from their work by domestic duties.</div></div><div>==</div>