SB 1070 show me papers

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</div><div>Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (introduced as Arizona Senate Bill 1070 and thus often referred to simply as Arizona SB 1070) is a 2010 legislative <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act(document)" title="Act (document)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Act</a> in the U.S. state of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona</a> that at the time of passage in 2010 was the broadest and strictest anti-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">illegal immigration</a> measure passed in Arizona.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> It has received national and international attention and has spurred considerable controversy.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-CNN_LA_boycott-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-3mo-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a>U.S. federal law requires all <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien(law)" title="Alien (law)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">aliens</a> over the age of 14 who remain in the United States for longer than 30 days<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> to register with the U.S. government.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-usc|8|1302-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a> U.S. Federal law also requires aliens older than 18 to possess proper identification at all times; violation of this requirement is a federal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">misdemeanor</a> crime.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-usc|8|1304e-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> The Arizona act additionally made it a state misdemeanor crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying the required documents,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect3-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> required that state law enforcement officers attempt to determine an individual's immigration status during a "lawful stop, detention or arrest", when there is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_suspicion" title="Reasonable suspicion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reasonable suspicion</a> that the individual is an illegal immigrant.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-hb2162sect3-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a> The law barred state or local officials or agencies from restricting enforcement of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">federal</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_law" title="Immigration law" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">immigration laws</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> and imposed penalties on those sheltering, hiring and transporting unregistered aliens.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect5-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a> The paragraph on intent in the legislation says it embodies an "attrition through enforcement" doctrine.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect1-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-cis-attr-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a>Critics of the legislation say it encourages <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">racial profiling</a>, while supporters say the law prohibits the use of race as the sole basis for investigating immigration status.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-dissa-2-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a> The law was modified by Arizona House Bill 2162 within a week of its signing with the goal of addressing some of these concerns. There have been protests in opposition to the law in over 70 U.S. cities,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-cbc-may1-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a> including boycotts and calls for boycotts of Arizona.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wapo-boy-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a>The Act was signed into law by Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Brewer" title="Jan Brewer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jan Brewer</a> on April 23, 2010.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> It was scheduled to go into effect on July 29, 2010, ninety days after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjournment_sine_die" title="Adjournment sine die" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">the end of the legislative session</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-geneffdate-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ars1-103-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a> Legal challenges over its <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">constitutionality</a> and compliance with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">civil rights</a> law were filed, including one by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Department of Justice</a>, that also asked for an injunction against enforcement of the law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-Feds_sue-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a> The day before the law was to take effect, a federal judge issued a preliminary injunction that blocked the law's most controversial provisions.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-cnn-blocks-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a> In June 2012, the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">U.S. Supreme Court</a> ruled on the case <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_v.United_States" title="Arizona v. United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona v. United States</a>, upholding the provision requiring immigration status checks during law enforcement stops but striking down three other provisions as violations of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacy_Clause" title="Supremacy Clause" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Supremacy Clause</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Constitution" title="United States Constitution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Constitution</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wapo-sc-ruling-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3;">Contents</h2>  [<a role="button" tabindex="0" class="togglelink" style="background: none; cursor: pointer;">hide</a>] </div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Provisions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Provisions</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Arizona_HB_2162" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.1Arizona HB 2162</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Background_and_passage" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2Background and passage</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Reaction" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Reaction</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Opinion_polls" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.1Opinion polls</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Public_officials" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.2Public officials</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#United_States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.2.1United States</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Mexico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.2.2Mexico</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Arizona_law_enforcement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.3Arizona law enforcement</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Religious_organizations_and_perspectives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.4Religious organizations and perspectives</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Concerns_over_potential_civil_rights_violations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.5Concerns over potential civil rights violations</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Protests" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.6Protests</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Boycotts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.7Boycotts</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Effects" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Effects</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.1Arizona</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Other_states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.2Other states</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Political_careers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.3Political careers</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Legal_challenges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Legal challenges</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Legal_theory:Supremacy_Clause_vs.concurrent_enforcement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.1Legal theory: Supremacy Clause vs. concurrent enforcement</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Initial_court_actions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.2Initial court actions</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Department_of_Justice_lawsuit" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.3Department of Justice lawsuit</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Initial_hearings_and_rulings" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.4Initial hearings and rulings</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#U.S.Supreme_Court_ruling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.5U.S. Supreme Court ruling</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Further_rulings_and_challenges" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5.6Further rulings and challenges</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7Notes</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8References</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height">Provisions[</h2>U.S. federal law requires aliens 14 years old or older who are in the country for longer than 30 days to register with the U.S. government<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-usc|8|1302-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a> and have registration documents in their possession at all times.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-usc|8|1304e-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> The Act makes it a state <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">misdemeanor</a> crime for an illegal alien to be in Arizona without carrying the required documents<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect3-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> and obligates police to make an attempt, when practicable during a "lawful stop, detention or arrest",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-hb2162sect3-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a> to determine a person's immigration status if there is <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_suspicion" title="Reasonable suspicion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reasonable suspicion</a> that the person is an illegal alien.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> Any person arrested cannot be released without confirmation of the person's legal immigration status by the federal government pursuant to § 1373(c) of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Title_8_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 8 of the United States Code" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Title 8 of the United States Code</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> A first offense carries a fine of up to $100, plus court costs, and up to 20 days in jail; subsequent offenses can result in up to 30 days in jail<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-hb2162sect4-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a> (SB 1070 required a minimum fine of $500 for a first violation, and for a second violation a minimum $1,000 fine and a maximum jail sentence of 6 months).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect5-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a> A person is "presumed to not be an immigrant who is unlawfully present in the United States" if he or she presents any of the following four forms of identification: a valid Arizona <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver's license in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">driver license</a>; a valid Arizona <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driver%27s_license_in_the_United_States#Non-driver_identification_cards" class="mw-redirect" title="Driver's license in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">nonoperating identification license</a>; a valid <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">tribal enrollment card</a>or other tribal identification; or any valid <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_documents_in_the_United_States" title="Identity documents in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">federal, state, or local government-issued identification</a>, if the issuer requires proof of legal presence in the United States as a condition of issuance.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a>The Act also prohibits state, county, and local officials from limiting or restricting "the enforcement of federal immigration laws to less than the full extent permitted by federal law" and provides that any legal Arizona resident can sue the agencies or officials in question to compel such full enforcement.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-signing-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a> If the person who brings suit prevails, that person may be entitled to reimbursement of court costs and reasonable attorney fees.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect2-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a>In addition, the Act makes it a crime for anyone, regardless of citizenship or immigration status, to hire or to be hired from a vehicle which "blocks or impedes the normal movement of traffic." Vehicles used in such manner are subject to mandatory immobilization or impoundment. Moreover, for a person in violation of a criminal law, it is an additional offense to transport an illegal alien "in furtherance" of the illegal alien's unauthorized presence in the U.S., to "conceal, harbor or shield" an illegal alien, or to encourage or induce an illegal alien to immigrate to the state, if the person "knows or recklessly disregards the fact" that the alien is in the U.S. without authorization or that immigration would be illegal.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect5-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a> Violation is a class 1 misdemeanor if fewer than ten illegal aliens are involved, and a class 6 felony if ten or more are involved. The offender is subject to a fine of at least $1,000 for each illegal alien involved. The transportation provision includes exceptions for child protective services workers, and ambulance attendants and emergency medical technicians.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070sect5-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Arizona HB 2162[</h3>On April 30, 2010, the Arizona legislature passed and Governor Brewer signed, House Bill 2162, which modified the Act that had been signed a week earlier, with the amended text stating that "prosecutors would not investigate complaints based on race, color or national origin."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a> The new text also states that police may only investigate immigration status incident to a "lawful stop, detention, or arrest", lowers the original fine from a minimum of $500(?) to a maximum of $100,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-hb2162sect4-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a> and changes incarceration limits for first-time offenders from 6 months to 20 days.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-hb2162sect3-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: " linux="Linux" libertine="Libertine" georgia="Georgia" times="Times" serif="serif" line-height="line-height">Background and passage[</h2>Arizona is the first state to enact such far-reaching legislation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-chal-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a> Prior law in Arizona, like the law in most other states, does not mandate that law enforcement personnel ask about the immigration status of those they encounter.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-dissa-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a> Many police departments discourage such inquiries to avoid deterring immigrants from reporting crimes and cooperating in other investigations.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-dissa-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a>Arizona had an estimated 460,000 illegal aliens in April 2010,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-dissa-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a> a figure that had increased fivefold since 1990.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-oth-border-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a> As the state with the most illegal crossings of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93_United_States_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico – United States border" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mexico – United States border</a>, its remote and dangerous deserts are the unlawful entry point for thousands of illegal Mexicans and Central Americans.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-dissa-2-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a> By the late 1990s, Tucson Border Patrol Sector had become the location for the most number of arrests by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Border_Patrol" title="United States Border Patrol" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States Border Patrol</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-oth-border-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a>Whether illegal aliens commit a disproportionate number of crimes is uncertain, with different authorities and academics claiming that the rate for this group was the same, greater, or less than that of the overall population.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-crime-rates-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a> There was also anxiety that the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_Drug_War" title="Mexican Drug War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mexican Drug War</a>, which had caused thousands of deaths, would spill over into the U.S.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-crime-rates-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a> Moreover, by the late 2000s (decade) Phoenix was seeing an average of one kidnapping per day, earning it the reputation as America's worst city in that regard.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-oth-border-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a>Arizona has a history of passing restrictions on illegal immigration, including legislation in 2007 that imposed heavy sanctions on employers hiring illegal aliens.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a> Measures similar to SB 1070 had been passed by the legislature in 2006 and 2008, only to be vetoed by Democratic Governor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janet_Napolitano" title="Janet Napolitano" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Janet Napolitano</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-mex-amer-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-time-battle-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a> She was subsequently appointed as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of Homeland Security" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Secretary of Homeland Security</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obama_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama administration" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Obama administration</a> and was replaced by Republican <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Arizona" title="Secretary of State of Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Secretary of State of Arizona</a> Jan Brewer.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-law-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a> There is a similar history of referenda, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Proposition_200(2004)" title="Arizona Proposition 200 (2004)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona Proposition 200 (2004)</a> that have sought to restrict illegal aliens' use of social services. The 'attrition through enforcement' doctrine is one that think tanks such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Center for Immigration Studies</a> have been supporting for several years.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-cis-attr-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 222px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="image" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/220px-Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" width="220" height="261" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/330px-Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/440px-Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="2611" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russell_Pearce_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">State Senator </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Pearce" title="Russell Pearce" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Russell Pearce</a>, sponsor of the bill</div></div></div>Impetus for SB 1070 is attributed to shifting demographics leading to a larger Hispanic population, increased drugs- and human smuggling-related violence in Mexico and Arizona, and a struggling state economy and economic anxiety during the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Late-2000s_recession" class="mw-redirect" title="Late-2000s recession" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">late-2000s recession</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-3mo-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-reasons-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a> State residents were also frustrated by the lack of federal progress on immigration,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-3mo-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a>which they viewed as even more disappointing given that Napolitano was in the administration.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-reasons-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a>The major sponsor of, and legislative force behind, the bill was State Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Pearce" title="Russell Pearce" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Russell Pearce</a>, who had long been one of Arizona's most vocal opponents of illegal aliens<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-house-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a> and who had successfully pushed through several prior pieces of tough legislation against those he termed "invaders on the American sovereignty".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-npr20080312-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[36]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-p-k-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a> Much of the drafting of the bill was done by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris_Kobach" title="Kris Kobach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kris Kobach</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-p-k-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a> a professor at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Missouri%E2%80%93Kansas_City_School_of_Law" title="University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-time-bill-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a> and a figure long associated with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Federation for American Immigration Reform</a> who had written immigration-related bills in many other parts of the country.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-legal-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a> Pearce and Kobach had worked together on past legislative efforts regarding immigration, and Pearce contacted Kobach when he was ready to pursue the idea of the state enforcing federal immigration laws.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-p-k-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a> A December 2009 meeting of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Legislative_Exchange_Council" title="American Legislative Exchange Council" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Legislative Exchange Council</a> (ALEC) in Washington, D.C., resulted in that body drafting <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_act" title="Model act" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">model legislation</a> that embodied the ideas that Pearce presented.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-npr-origins-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a>(One theory explaining the impetus behind the bill was that ALEC is largely funded by contributions of corporate members and among those members are several companies in the private prisons industry, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrections_Corporation_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Corrections Corporation of America" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Corrections Corporation of America</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_and_Training_Corporation" title="Management and Training Corporation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Management and Training Corporation</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEO_Group" title="GEO Group" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">GEO Group</a>, and that these companies stood to benefit by a large increase in the number of illegal aliens being sent to jail.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-npr-origins-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-int-corps-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[41]</a> Pearce later denied that he created the bill for any reason other than stopping illegal immigration and denied that he submitted the idea to ALEC for any reason other than helping it pass in Arizona and, potentially, in other states.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-npr-origins-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a>)The proposed bill reached the Arizona legislature in January 2010 and gained 36 cosponsors.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-npr-origins-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_State_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Arizona State Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona State Senate</a> approved an early version of the bill in February 2010.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-house-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a> Saying, "Enough is enough," Pearce stated figuratively that this new bill would remove handcuffs from law enforcement and place them on violent offenders.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-law-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap042310-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a>On March 27, 2010, 58-year-old <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Krentz" title="Robert Krentz" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert Krentz</a> and his dog were shot and killed while Krentz was doing fence work on his large ranch roughly 19 miles (31 km) from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico-United_States_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico - United States border" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mexican border</a>. This incident gave a tangible public face to fears about immigration-related crime.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-crime-rates-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-vanc-bkg-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a> Arizona police were not able to name a murder suspect but traced a set of footprints from the crime scene south towards the border. The resulting speculation that the killer was an illegal alien increased support among the public for the measure.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-crime-rates-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-time-battle-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-vanc-bkg-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a> For a while there was talk of naming the law after Krentz.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-time-battle-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a> Some state legislators (both for and against the law) believe, however, that the impact of the Krentz killing has been overstated as a factor in the bill's passing.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-3mo-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a>The bill, with a number of changes made to it, passed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_House_of_Representatives" title="Arizona House of Representatives" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona House of Representatives</a> on April 13 by a 35–21 party-line vote.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-house-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a> The revised measure then passed the State Senate on April 19 by a 17–11 vote that also closely followed party lines,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-law-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a> with all but one Republican voting for the bill, ten Democrats voting against the bill, and two Democrats not voting.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[44]</a>Once a bill passes, the governor has five days to make a decision to sign, veto, or let it pass unsigned.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-46" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[46]</a> The question then became whether or not Governor Brewer would sign the bill into law, as she had remained silent on the measure while weighing the consequences.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a> Immigration had not been a prime focus of her political career up to this point, although as secretary of state she had supported <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Proposition_200(2004)" title="Arizona Proposition 200 (2004)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona Proposition 200 (2004)</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-brewer-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a> As governor, she had made another push for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_Proposition_100(2010)" title="Arizona Proposition 100 (2010)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona Proposition 100 (2010)</a>, a one percent increase in the state sales tax to prevent cuts in education, health and human services, and public safety, despite opposition from within her own party.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-brewer-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a> These preceding political moves, along with an upcoming tough Republican Party primary in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_gubernatorial_election,2010" title="Arizona gubernatorial election, 2010" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2010 Arizona gubernatorial election</a> from other conservative opponents supporting the bill, were all considered major factors in her decision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-brewer-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a> During the bill's development, her staff had gone over its language line by line with State Senator Pearce,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-brewer-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a> but she had also said she had concerns about several of its provisions.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-48" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[48]</a> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate (Mexico)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mexican Senate</a> urged the governor to veto the measure<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap042310-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Mexico_in_Washington,D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Embassy of Mexico in Washington, D.C." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mexican Embassy to the U.S.</a> raised concerns about potential <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">racial profiling</a> that may result.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-law-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a>Citizen messages to Brewer, however, were 3–1 in favor of the law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wkpo-law-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a> A <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasmussen_Reports" title="Rasmussen Reports" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rasmussen Reports</a> poll taken between the House and Senate votes showed wide support for the bill among likely voters in the state, with 70 percent in favor and 23 percent opposed.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-rr-1-49" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[49]</a> Of those same voters, 53 percent were at least somewhat concerned that actions taken due to the measures in the bill would violate the civil rights of some American citizens.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-rr-1-49" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[49]</a> Brewer's staff said that she was considering the legal issues, the impact on the state's business, and the feelings of the citizens in coming to her decision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a> They added that "she agonizes over these things,"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-angst-45" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[45]</a> and the governor also prayed over the matter.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-time-battle-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a> Brewer's political allies said her decision would cause her political trouble no matter which way she decided.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-brewer-47" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[47]</a> Most observers expected that in the end, she would sign the bill, and on April 23 she did.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-az-law-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a>
protests...
.Boycots... reaction to the boycott talk, proponents of the law advocated making a special effort to buy products and services from Arizona in order to indicate support for the law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-apm-buy-171" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[171]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-abc15-buy-172" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[172]</a> These efforts, sometimes termed a "buycott", were spread by social media and talk radio as well as by elements of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tea Party movement</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-apm-buy-171" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[171]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-abc15-buy-172" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[172]</a> Some supporters of the law and legal scholars have also suggested that the city government boycotts of Arizona represent an unconstitutional violation of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstate_Commerce_Clause" class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate Commerce Clause" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Interstate Commerce Clause</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-173" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[173]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-174" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[174]</a>By early May, the state had lost a projected $6–10 million in business revenue, according to the Arizona Hotel & Lodging Association.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-atl-boy-159" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[159]</a> However, an increase in leisure travel and an overall economic recovery more than compensated for the business travel loss; by July, overall hotel occupancy rates and revenues were up from the same period in 2009.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-fox-hotels-175" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[175]</a> The president of the Greater Phoenix Economic Council said, "Fundamentally, the boycotts have been unsuccessful."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-fox-hotels-175" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[175]</a> A November 2010 study by the progressive-oriented <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress" title="Center for American Progress" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Center for American Progress</a> stated that the boycott had so far cost the state economy as much as $141 million in lost revenues, including $45 million in the lodging industry.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-176" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[176]</a> However, an examination at the same time by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Associated Press</a> found that while the boycott had been disruptive in some areas, it had had nowhere near the effect some had originally imagined.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-boy-nov-177" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[177]</a> Visitors at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon_National_Park" title="Grand Canyon National Park" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Grand Canyon National Park</a> were up from the year before, several well-known Arizona-based companies that were targeted said they had seen no effect from it, and the actions by the San Francisco and Los Angeles city governments had resulted in few practical consequences.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-boy-nov-177" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[177]</a> Sports-related boycotts, such as of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiesta_Bowl" title="Fiesta Bowl" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fiesta Bowl</a>, sponsor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frito-Lay" title="Frito-Lay" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frito-Lay</a> and beer distributor <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hensley%26_Co." title="Hensley & Co." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hensley & Co.</a>, had also had no effect.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-178" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[178]</a> In September 2011 La Raza and two associated groups called off their boycott, saying that the action had been successful in discouraging some other states from passing SB 1070-like laws and that continuing the boycott would only punish businesses and workers.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-laraza-end-179" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[179]</a><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Effects[</h2><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Arizona[</h3>Some Christian churches in Arizona with large immigrant congregations reported a 30 percent drop in their attendance figures.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-rns-boy-111" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[111]</a> Schools, businesses, and health care facilities in certain areas also reported sizable drops in their numbers.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-leaving-180" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[180]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-apr-leaving-181" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[181]</a> That and the prevalence of yard sales suggested illegal immigrants were leaving Arizona, with some returning to Mexico and others moving to other U.S. states.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-leaving-180" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[180]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-apr-leaving-181" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[181]</a> A November 2010 study by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBVA_Bancomer" title="BBVA Bancomer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">BBVA Bancomer</a> based upon <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_Population_Survey" title="Current Population Survey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Current Population Survey</a> figures stated that there were 100,000 fewer Hispanics in Arizona than before the debate about the law began; it said Arizona's poor economic climate could also be contributing to the decline.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-pop-decl-182" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[182]</a> The government of Mexico reported that over 23,000 of its citizens returned to the country from Arizona between June and September 2010.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-pop-decl-182" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[182]</a> A report by Seminario Niñez Migrante found that about 8,000 students entered into <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonora" title="Sonora" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sonora</a> public schools in 2009–2011 with families quoting the American economy and SB 1070 as the main causes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-Karim-183" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[183]</a>The weeks after the bill's signing saw a sharp increase in the number of Hispanics in the state registering their party affiliations as Democrats.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-backlash-67" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[67]</a>Some immigration experts said the law might make workers with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H-1B_visa" title="H-1B visa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">H-1B visas</a> vulnerable to being caught in public without their hard-to-replace paperwork, which they are ordinarily reluctant to carry with them on a daily basis, and that as a consequence universities and technology companies in the state might find it harder to recruit students and employees.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-cw-pp-123" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[123]</a> Some college and university administrators shared this fear, and President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_N.Shelton" title="Robert N. Shelton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert N. Shelton</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Arizona" title="University of Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">University of Arizona</a> expressed concern regarding the withdrawal of a number of honor roll students from the university in reaction to this bill.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-184" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[184]</a>Some women with questionable immigration status avoided domestic abuse hotlines and shelters for fear of deportation.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-185" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[185]</a> Some critics of SB 1070 feared that it will serve as a roadblock to victims getting needed support, while supporters said such concerns were unfounded and that the Act was directed towards criminals, not victims.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-186" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[186]</a>While a few provisions of the law were left standing following the July 2010 blockage of the most controversial parts, authorities often kept following existing local ordinances in those areas in preference to using the new SB 1070 ones.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-tr-year-187" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[187]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wt-year-188" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[188]</a> One county sheriff said, "The whole thing is still on the shelf until the Supreme Court hears it."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wt-year-188" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[188]</a> By mid-2012, those provisions had still rarely been made use of.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-smyp-clear-124" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[124]</a> The training that police forces had gone through to avoid racial profiling and understand federal immigration policies still had a beneficial effect overall.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-tr-year-187" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[187]</a>A 2016 study found that the legislation "significantly reduced the flow of illegal workers into Arizona from Mexico by 30 to 70 percent."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-189" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[189]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Other states[</h3>The Arizona legislation was one of several reasons pushing Democratic congressional leaders to introduce a proposal addressing immigration.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-190" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[190]</a> Senator Schumer sent a letter to Governor Brewer asking her to delay the law while Congress works on comprehensive immigration reform, but Brewer quickly rejected the proposal.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-191" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[191]</a>Bills similar to SB 1070 were introduced in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Michigan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Minnesota</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Carolina</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-jun-other-192" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[192]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-193" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[193]</a> None of them went to final votes in 2010; politicians in nearly twenty states are proposing to introduce similar legislation during their 2011 legislative calendars.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-jun-other-192" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[192]</a> Such proposals drew strong reaction both for and against,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-194" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[194]</a> and some states may have waited to see how the Arizona law fares in the courts before moving forward.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-max-other-195" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[195]</a> The other states along the Mexican border – Texas, New Mexico, and California – generally showed little interest in following Arizona's path.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-oth-border-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[28]</a> This was due to their having established, powerful Hispanic communities, deep cultural ties to Mexico, past experience with bruising political battles over the issue (such as with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_187(1994)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 187 (1994)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">California Proposition 187</a> in the 1990s), and the perception among their populations that illegal immigration was less severe a problem.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-oth-border-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a>By March 2011, Arizona-like bills had been defeated or had failed to progress in at least six states and momentum had shifted against such imitative efforts.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-lat-no-mo-196" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[196]</a> Reasons ranged from opposition from business leaders to fear among legislators of the legal costs of defending any adopted measure.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-lat-no-mo-196" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[196]</a> One state that did pass a law based partly on SB 1070, Utah, combined it with a guest worker program that went in the other direction<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-lat-no-mo-196" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[196]</a>(and fit into the spirit of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah_Compact" title="Utah Compact" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Utah Compact</a>). Even in Arizona itself, additional tough measures against illegal immigration were having a difficult time gaining passage in the Arizona Senate.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-lat-no-mo-196" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[196]</a> Other states were still waiting to see what the outcome of the legal battles would be.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-9thpanel-197" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[197]</a> By September 2011, Indiana, Georgia, and South Carolina had passed somewhat similar measures and were facing legal action.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-laraza-end-179" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[179]</a> Another anti-illegal immigration measure, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alabama HB 56</a>, was considered tougher even than SB 1070; it was signed into law in June 2011.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-198" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[198]</a> However, federal courts subsequently blocked many of the key provisions of these laws in those states, and other provisions were dropped following settlements of lawsuits.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-199" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[199]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Political careers[</h3>State Senator Pearce rose to become <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Arizona_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Arizona Senate" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">President of the Arizona Senate</a> in January 2011. But he then suffered a startling defeat when he lost a November 2011 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recall_election" title="Recall election" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">recall election</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-recall-200" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">[</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-recall-200" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">200]</a> Among the reasons given for his loss were the desire for greater civility in politics and a lessening of the tension over <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immigration_policy" title="Immigration policy" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">immigration policy</a>, and a loss of support for Pearce among LDS Church members based on character issues.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-recall-200" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[200]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-201" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[201]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-202" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[202]</a> Other reasons for the defeat, such as concerns over Pearce's ethics in taking free trips or the involvement of a third candidacy in the recall election, had little to do with SB 1070.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-203" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[203]</a> In August 2012, Pearce lost a comeback bid in the Republican primary for the nomination for a state senate seat to businessman Bob Worsley.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-204" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[204]</a> Pearce was given another government job by the Maricopa County Treasurer.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-205" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[205]</a>Drafter of the law Kris Kobach won election as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_of_Kansas" title="Secretary of State of Kansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Secretary of State of Kansas</a>, first defeating two other candidates in a Republican primary,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-206" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[206]</a> then winning the general election against Democratic incumbent <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Biggs" title="Chris Biggs" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Chris Biggs</a> by a wide margin. Sheriff Joe Arpaio was among those who campaigned for Kobach.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-207" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[207]</a>State Attorney General Goddard did get the Democratic nomination in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_gubernatorial_election,2010" title="Arizona gubernatorial election, 2010" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">2010 Arizona gubernatorial election</a>. Governor Jan Brewer went on to defeat him by a 54 to 42 percent margin in the November 2010 general election. A 2016 study found that the up-tick in Brewer's approval ratings due to the legislation "proved enduring enough to turn a losing race for re-election into a victory".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-208" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[208]</a><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Legal challenges[</h2><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Legal theory: Supremacy Clause vs. concurrent enforcement</h3></div><div>....</div><div>
</div><div>US </div><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"> Supreme Court ruling[</h3>On June 25, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court issued a ruling in the case <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_v.United_States" title="Arizona v. United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Arizona v. United States</a>. The court determined by a 5–3 majority, with Justice <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Anthony Kennedy</a> writing the opinion, that Sections 3, 5(C), and 6 of SB 1070 are preempted by federal law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-256" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[256]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-257" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[257]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-258" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[258]</a> These sections make it a state misdemeanor for an immigrant not to be carrying documentation of lawful presence in the country, allow state police to arrest without a warrant in some situations, and make it unlawful under state law for an individual to apply for employment without federal work authorization.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-wapo-sc-ruling-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-259" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[259]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-260" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[260]</a> All justices agreed to uphold the portion of the law allowing Arizona state police to investigate the immigration status of an individual stopped, detained, or arrested if there is reasonable suspicion that individual is in the country illegally.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-sc-ruling-261" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[261]</a> However, Justice Kennedy specified in the majority opinion that state police may not detain the individual for a prolonged amount of time for not carrying immigration documents, and that cases based upon allegations of racial profiling are allowed to proceed through the courts, if such cases happen to arise later on.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-nyt-sc-ruling-261" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[261]</a>Justice Scalia dissented and said that he would have upheld the entire law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-sc-ruling-262" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[262]</a> Justice Thomas likewise stated that he would have upheld the entire law as not preempted by federal law.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-sc-ruling-262" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[262]</a> Justice Alito agreed with Justices Scalia and Thomas regarding Sections 5(C) and 6, but joined with the majority in finding Section 3 preempted.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-az-sc-ruling-262" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[262]</a><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Further rulings and challenges[</h3>On September 5, 2012, Judge Bolton cleared the way for police to carry out the 2010 law's requirement that officers, while enforcing other laws, may question the immigration status of those they suspect are in the country illegally.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-smyp-clear-124" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[124]</a> She said that the Supreme Court had clearly stated that the provision "cannot be challenged further on its face before the law takes effect," but that constitutionality challenges on other grounds could take place in the future.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-ap-smyp-clear-124" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[124]</a> Later that month, the first arrest received some news attention.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-abc15-smyp-125" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[125]</a> In November 2013, the ACLU filed the first legal challenge to this provision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-263" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[263]</a><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">See also[</h2><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 0.5em 1em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0.1em; line-height: 13.09px; display: table; box-sizing: border-box; max-width: 175px; background: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px; display: table-row;"><img alt="flag" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/32px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png" width="32" height="21" class="noviewer thumbborder" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/48px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Flag_of_Arizona.svg/64px-Flag_of_Arizona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" style="border: 1px solid rgb(234, 236, 240); vertical-align: middle;" /><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Arizona" title="Portal:Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona portal</a></li></ul></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_immigration_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Illegal immigration in the United States</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_v.United_States" title="Arizona v. United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona v. United States</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandler_Roundup" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandler Roundup" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chandler Roundup</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_SB_2179" title="Mississippi SB 2179" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mississippi SB 2179</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Order_40" title="Special Order 40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Special Order 40</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sanctuary city</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_HB_56" title="Alabama HB 56" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alabama HB 56</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Senate_Bill_4" title="Texas Senate Bill 4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Texas Senate Bill 4</a></li></ul><div>=</div><div><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070">https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070</a></div><div>
</div><div>arizona SB 1070, officially named the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, was passed by the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona State Legislature</a> in 2010 and signed into law by Governor <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jan_Brewer" title="Jan Brewer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Jan Brewer</a> (R) on April 23, 2010. The law created new state immigration-related crimes and broadened the authority of state and local law enforcement to enforce immigration laws. The United States government challenged four provisions of the law in <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_v.United_States" title="Arizona v. United States" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona v. United States</a> on the grounds that they were preempted by federal law. In 2012, the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">United States Supreme Court</a> struck down three of the challenged provisions as preempted while upholding one as not preempted.</div><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(50, 56, 61); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);">Background</h2><dl style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857;"><dl style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><dd style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857;">See also: <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_State_Legislature" title="Arizona State Legislature" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona State Legislature</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>Justice <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Anthony Kennedy</a>, writing the majority opinion in <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_v.United_States" title="Arizona v. United States" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona v. United States</a>, a lawsuit against SB 1070, summarized the conditions surrounding the law's passage as such:<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-liiazvus-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a><div class="scrollable-table-container" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-x: auto; width: 1033.2px; max-width: 100%; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><table data-nosnippet="" style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse; background-color: transparent; max-width: 100%; border: none; float: none !important;"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td width="20" valign="top" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; font-weight: bold; padding: 10px 3px;">“</td><td valign="top" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">Arizona bears many of the consequences of unlawful immigration. Hundreds of thousands of deportable aliens are apprehended in Arizona each year. Unauthorized aliens who remain in the State comprise, by one estimate, almost six percent of the population. And in the State's most populous county, these aliens are reported to be responsible for a disproportionate share of serious crime.Statistics alone do not capture the full extent of Arizona's concerns. Accounts in the record suggest there is an "epidemic of crime, safety risks, serious property damage, and environmental problems" associated with the influx of illegal migration across private land near the Mexican border. Phoenix is a major city of the United States, yet signs along an interstate highway 30 miles to the south warn the public to stay away. One reads, "DANGER—PUBLIC WARNING—TRAVEL NOT RECOMMENDED / Active Drug and Human Smuggling Area / Visitors May Encounter Armed Criminals and Smuggling Vehicles Traveling at High Rates of Speed." The problems posed to the State by illegal immigration must not be underestimated.<span id="cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_2-0" class="reference" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-quotedisclaimer-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[2]</a></td><td width="20" valign="bottom" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; padding: 10px 1px;">”</td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td colspan="3" class="cquotecite" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding-right: 41.325px;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; font-style: normal; overflow-wrap: break-word; float: right;">—Justice Anthony Kennedy</cite></td></tr></tbody></table></div>SB 1070 was enacted with the intention of addressing these perceived issues of immigration and crime by deterring unlawful entry into the country and economic activity by persons residing in the state without legal permission.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-liiazvus-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Legislative history</h3>SB 1070, also called the Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act, was introduced in the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_State_Senate" title="Arizona State Senate" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona State Senate</a> in January 2010 by Senator <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Russell_Pearce" title="Russell Pearce" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Russell Pearce</a> (R). The bill passed the senate 17-13 in February 2010, and in April the house passed a modified version of the bill 35-21. Governor <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Jan_Brewer" title="Jan Brewer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;">Jan Brewer</a> (R) signed the bill into law on April 23, 2010.<span id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[3]</a><span id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-4" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[4]</a><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(50, 56, 61); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);">Provisions</h2>SB 1070 contained four primary provisions related to immigration enforcement:<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-oyezazvus-5" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a><ol style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">The first provision made it a state crime to reside in the United States without legal permission.</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">The second provision made it a state crime to work in the United States without legal permission</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">The third provision required law enforcement officers to verify the legal status of all individuals who were arrested or detained</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">The fourth provision allowed law enforcement officers to arrest individuals without a warrant based on probable cause of unlawful presence</li></ol><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">State crime to reside without legal permission</h3>SB 1070 created a new misdemeanor offense for a non-citizen to fail to complete and carry immigrant registration documents. The penalty for the misdemeanor was a fine of $100 and imprisonment of 20 days for the first violation and 30 days for subsequent violations. Individuals sentenced under the offense were made ineligible for a suspended sentence, probation, pardon, commutation of sentence, or early release.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">State crime to work without legal permission</h3>SB 1070 created a new misdemeanor offense for individuals residing in the country without legal permission to apply for or perform work in the state of Arizona. The offense was punishable by up to six months in prison for a first offense.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Requirement to verify legal status</h3>SB 1070 required state and local law enforcement to attempt to determine an individual's legal status when making a lawful stop, detention, or arrest, if reasonable suspicion of unlawful presence exists. Under this provision, those arrested were to be held until their legal status was determined and verified with the federal government. Race, color, and national origin were not to be considered in enforcement of this provision.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a>The provision also required law enforcement to notify <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/U.S.Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> (ICE) or <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/U.S.Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. Customs and Border Protection</a> (CBP) immediately if someone convicted of a violation of state or local law, discharged from prison, or assessed a fine was discovered to be in the country without legal permission. It also provided that state and local law enforcement may not be prohibited or restricted from sharing immigration status information with any governmental entity.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Warrantless arrests</h3>SB 1070 added to the list of permissible reasons for warrantless arrests. Under the law, law enforcement officers could make warrantless arrests of individuals based on probable cause of unlawful presence or probable cause of an offense that makes the person eligible for removal from the United States.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other provisions</h3>SB 1070 also contained a number of other provisions:<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[6]</a><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.6em 1.6em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Prohibited state and local law enforcement from obstructing or restricting federal immigration enforcement</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Allowed law enforcement officers to perform a traffic stop on any motor vehicle based on reasonable suspicion that any person in the vehicle is violating civil traffic law</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Created a state crime for facilitating or encouraging illegal immigration</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Required employers to keep records on the work eligibility of employees for at least three years</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Allowed employers to use an affirmative defense of entrapment if accused of knowingly employing individuals who do not have legal permission to work in the country</li></ul><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(50, 56, 61); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);">Support and opposition</h2><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Support</h3>Supporters of SB 1070, such as the Arizona-based blog Gilbert Watch—a publication that "promote[s] the concepts of limited government, low taxes, free enterprise, and personal responsibility"—generally argued that Arizona's enforcement of immigration law would improve public safety. They contended that the federal government had failed to properly secure the border, leading to issues of crime and national security, as well as impacting other areas such as the economy, the environment, healthcare, and public education. In addition, some favored the creation of a state crime to work in the state without legal permission, arguing that this would protect such individuals from exploitation by employers.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-7" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[7]</a><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-8" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[8]</a><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Opposition</h3>According to FindLaw and the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/National_Conference_of_State_Legislatures" title="National Conference of State Legislatures" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">National Conference of State Legislatures</a>, opponents of SB 1070 generally argued that the law violated constitutional and civil rights. They contended that the design and wording of the law would lead to racial profiling and harassment of Hispanic individuals in the state. Constitutional concerns that were raised included issues of "due process, equal protection under the 14th amendment, the prohibition on unreasonable search and seizure under the 4th amendment, and preemption under the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution."<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-9" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-10" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[10]</a><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(50, 56, 61); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);">Legal challenge</h2><dl style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857;"><dl style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px;"><dd style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.42857;">See also: <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_v.United_States" title="Arizona v. United States" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona v. United States</a></dd></dl></dd></dl>The United States government challenged SB 1070 in federal district court before the law went into effect, seeking to stop its enforcement. The government argued that SB 1070 usurped federal authority over the enforcement of immigration law. In its ruling, the district court blocked the following four provisions:<ol style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Creation of a state crime to reside in the United States without legal permission</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Creation of a state crime to work in the United States without legal permission</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Requirement that law enforcement officers verify the legal status of all individuals who were arrested or detained</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Authorization for law enforcement officers to arrest individuals without a warrant based on probable cause of unlawful presence</li></ol>Arizona appealed to the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_9th_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit</a>. The appellate court affirmed the ruling of the district court, finding that the United States had demonstrated that federal immigration law likely preempted the four provisions of SB 1070 at issue.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-oyezazvus-5" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-liiazvus-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a>Arizona further appealed the case to the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">United States Supreme Court</a>, which granted <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Certiorari" title="Certiorari" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">certiorari</a> on December 9, 2011. In a 5-3 decision issued on June 25, 2012, the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Supreme_Court" title="Supreme Court" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">Supreme Court</a> held that the first, second, and fourth provisions were preempted by federal immigration law. In its opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government has "broad, undoubted power over immigration and alien status," which precluded three provisions of SB 1070. However, the court also found that the lower courts had erred in deciding that federal law also preempted Arizona's requirement for law enforcement officers to verify the legal status of all arrestees and detainees. Thus, this provision was allowed to remain in effect.<a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_note-oyezazvus-5" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">[5]</a><div id="div-gpt-ad-1548351761485-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="google_ads_iframe/1011927,22497578485/BP_FourthWindow_0container" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0pt none; width: 970px; height: 0px;" /></div><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1.1; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 10px; border-left: 5px solid rgb(50, 56, 61); padding: 10px; background-color: rgb(244, 244, 244);">See also</h2><div>
</div><ol class="references" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-liiazvus-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">l<a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/pdf/11-182.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat !important; padding-right: 13px !important;">egal Information Institute, "Arizona et al. v. United States - Syllabus," accessed February 5, 2017</a></li><li id="cite_note-quotedisclaimer-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-quotedisclaimer_2-0" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the original source. Any inconsistencies are attributable to the original source.</li><li id="cite_note-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.azleg.gov/alispdfs/council/sb1070-hb2162.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 16px;">Arizona State Senate, "Senate Bill 1070," accessed February 28, 2017</a></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170228221333/http://archive.azcentral.com/news/politics/articles/20120422sb0170-history.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;">The Arizona Republic, "Timeline: SB 1070 history," April 22, 2012</a></li><li id="cite_note-oyezazvus-5" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">↑ <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-oyezazvus_5-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:5.0</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-oyezazvus_5-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">5.1</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-oyezazvus_5-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">5.2</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/2011/11-182" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat !important; padding-right: 13px !important;">Oyez, "Arizona v. United States," accessed February 3, 2017</a></li><li id="cite_note-sb1070summary-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;">↑ <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-sb1070summary_6-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:6.0</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-sb1070summary_6-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">6.1</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-sb1070summary_6-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">6.2</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-sb1070summary_6-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">6.3</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-sb1070summary_6-4" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">6.4</a> <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-sb1070summary_6-5" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">6.5</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20170301000118/https://www.cga.ct.gov/2010/rpt/2010-R-0213.htm" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;">Connecticut General Assembly, "OLR Research Report - Summary of Arizona Immigration Legislation and Legislation in Other States," May 14, 2010</a></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-7" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://gilbertwatch.com/index.cfm/blog/in-support-of-sb1070-why-should-enforcing-immigration-laws-be-subject-to-dispute/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;">Gilbert Watch, "In Support of SB1070: Why Should Enforcing Immigration Laws be Subject to Dispute?" accessed February 28, 2017</a></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-8" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://gilbertwatch.com/index.cfm/about/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;">Gilbert Watch, "What is Gilbert Watch?" accessed August 16, 2017</a></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-9" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;">FindLaw, "Arizona Immigration Law (S.B. 1070)," accessed March 1, 2017</a></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Arizona_SB_1070#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a> <a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.ncsl.org/research/immigration/analysis-of-arizonas-immigration-law.aspx" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url("data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB/IkeGOrxXhqB+uA9Bfcm0lAZuh+YIeAD+cAqSz4kCMUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=") right center no-repeat; text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;">National Conference of State Legislatures, "Arizona's Immigration Enforcement Laws," accessed March 1, 2017</a></li></ol><div>
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</div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="91" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFQhbKAAwCw" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local-immigration-laws/arizonas-sb-1070" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local-immigration-laws/arizonas-sb-1070&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFghcMAs" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona's SB 1070 | American Civil Liberties Union</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local.../arizonas-sb-1070</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sb+1070&oq=sb+1070&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.2471j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b11" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ7B0IXTAL" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQqR8IXjAL" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:t5UUFhXXkCIJ:https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local-immigration-laws/arizonas-sb-1070+&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:t5UUFhXXkCIJ:https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local-immigration-laws/arizonas-sb-1070%2B%26cd%3D12%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQIAhfMAs" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:t5UUFhXXkCIJ:https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local-immigration-laws/arizonas-sb-1070+&cd=12&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:t5UUFhXXkCIJ:https://www.aclu.org/issues/immigrants-rights/state-and-local-immigration-laws/arizonas-sb-1070%2B%26cd%3D12%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQIAhfMAs" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Arizona's SB 1070. The U.S. Supreme Court has upheld the most hotly disputed part of Arizona's anti-immigrant law, S.B. 1070, which requires police to determine the immigration status of someone arrested or detained when there is “reasonable suspicion” they are not in the U.S. legally.</a></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iMHnhKdmTj94" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ2Z0BCGAwCw" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="104" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFQhoKAEwDA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFghpMAw" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona SB 1070 - Wikipedia</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sb+1070&oq=sb+1070&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.2471j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b12" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ7B0IajAM" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQqR8IazAM" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:3CtVYA9OwHwJ:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070+&cd=13&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:3CtVYA9OwHwJ:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070%2B%26cd%3D13%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQIAhsMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwhtMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwhtMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">The Support Our Law Enforcement and Safe Neighborhoods Act (introduced as Arizona Senate Bill 1070and thus often referred to simply as Arizona SB 1070) is a 2010 legislative Act in the U.S. state of Arizona that at the time of passage in 2010 was the broadest and strictest anti-illegal immigration measure passed in ...</a><div class="osl" style="margin-top: 0px;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwhtMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">‎</a><a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Background_and_passage" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070%23Background_and_passage&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ0gIIbygAMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Background and passage</a> · ‎<a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Reaction" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070%23Reaction&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ0gIIcCgBMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Reaction</a> · ‎<a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Effects" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070%23Effects&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ0gIIcSgCMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Effects</a> · ‎<a class="fl" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070#Legal_challenges" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070%23Legal_challenges&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ0gIIcigDMAw" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;">Legal challenges</a></div></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iZS5Kjr57KZg" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ2Z0BCHMwDA" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="123" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFQh7KAIwDQ" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;">[PDF]<a href="https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFgh9MA0" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Senate Bill 1070 - Arizona Legislature</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; 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background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ke1IYPlpMB8J:https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf+&cd=14&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:ke1IYPlpMB8J:https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf%2B%26cd%3D14%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQIAiAATAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwiBATAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwiBATAN" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">S.B. 1070. - 1 -. Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Arizona: 1. Section 1. Intent. 2. The legislature finds that there is a compelling interest in the. 3.</a></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-ideK53D0hCRk" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ2Z0BCIIBMA0" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="138" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFQiKASgDMA4" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFgiLATAO" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona's once-feared immigration law, SB 1070, loses most of its ...</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sb+1070&oq=sb+1070&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.2471j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b14" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ7B0IjAEwDg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQqR8IjQEwDg" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8fuVzrMxkO8J:www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html+&cd=15&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:8fuVzrMxkO8J:www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html%2B%26cd%3D15%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQIAiOATAO" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwiPATAO" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-arizona-law-20160915-snap-story.html+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwiPATAO" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Sep 15, 2016 - Immigrants' rights supporters march against Arizona's SB 1070 immigration law outside federal court in Los Angeles in 2012. (Patrick T. Fallon ...</a></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iVMLNHd3utQw" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ2Z0BCJEBMA4" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="153" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFQiZASgEMA8" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFgiaATAP" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona Immigration Law (S.B. 1070) - FindLaw</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration.../arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.ht...</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sb+1070&oq=sb+1070&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.2471j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b15" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ7B0ImwEwDw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQqR8InAEwDw" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:OgNnPmP3-5AJ:https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html+&cd=16&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:OgNnPmP3-5AJ:https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html%2B%26cd%3D16%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQIAidATAP" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwieATAP" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://immigration.findlaw.com/immigration-laws-and-resources/arizona-immigration-law-s-b-1070.html+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwieATAP" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Arizona Immigration Law (S.B. 1070) On April 23, 2010, Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer signed into law Senate Bill 1070 aimed at preventing illegal immigration that has significantly affected the Mexico-bordering state over many decades.</a></div><div jsl="$t t--ddbPTeIsNI;$x 0;" class="r-iVLCL1WcJxlk" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ2Z0BCJ8BMA8" style=""><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="167" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFQinASgFMBA" style=""><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><h3 class="r" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/arizona-immigration-law-sb-1070" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/arizona-immigration-law-sb-1070&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQFgioATAQ" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Arizona Immigration Law (SB 1070) - The New York Times</a></h3><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><div class="f hJND5c TbwUpd" style="height: 18px; line-height: 16px; white-space: nowrap;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal;">www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/arizona-immigration-law-sb-1070</cite><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=sb+1070&oq=sb+1070&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.2471j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b16" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQ7B0IqQEwEA" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQqR8IqgEwEA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/arizona-immigration-law-sb-1070+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwirATAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/arizona-immigration-law-sb-1070+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwirATAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">News about Arizona Immigration Law (SB 1070). Commentary and archival information about Arizona Immigration Law (SB 1070) from The New York Times.</a></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 18px;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/arizona-immigration-law-sb-1070+sb+1070&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiroZbtz5LcAhUC7YMKHQdxDlcQHwirATAQ" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">==</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>