Bodman, S

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<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W.Bodman">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W.Bodman</a>

Samuel Wright Bodman (Sam Bodman), of Massachusetts, was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/nominations/113.html">appointed</a> December 10, 2004, by President <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush" class="mw-redirect">George W. Bush</a> to be Secretary of Energy in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Department_of_Energy" title="Department of Energy" class="mw-redirect">Department of Energy</a>. His nomination was sent to the Senate January 4, 2005, and he was confirmed February 1, 2005.

At the time of his appointment, Dr. Bodman was serving as Deputy Secretary of Treasury. Prior to that, he served as Deputy Secretary of Commerce. Before joining the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush_Administration" title="Bush Administration" class="mw-redirect">Bush Administration</a>, "Dr. Bodman was Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cabot_Corporation" title="Cabot Corporation" class="mw-redirect">Cabot Corporation</a>, a global specialty chemicals and materials company.

"Earlier in his career, Dr. Bodman served as President and Chief Operating Officer of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a> and Director of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fidelity_Group_Mutual_Funds&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidelity Group Mutual Funds (page does not exist)">Fidelity Group Mutual Funds</a>. Before that, he was President and Director of Fidelity Management and Research and Vice President of Corporate Development for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Fidelity_Venture_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidelity Venture Associates (page does not exist)">Fidelity Venture Associates</a>. Dr. Bodman previously served as Director of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology (page does not exist)">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> School of Engineering Practice and was an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering.

"Dr. Bodman received a bachelor's degree from Cornell University and a Doctorate of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W._Bodman#cite_note-0">[1]</a>

"Born in 1938 in Chicago, he graduated in 1961 with a B.S. in chemical engineering from Cornell University. In 1965, he completed his ScD at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. For the next six years he served as an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT and began his work in the financial sector as Technical Director of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Research_and_Development_Corporation" title="American Research and Development Corporation">American Research and Development Corporation</a>, a pioneer venture capital firm. He and his colleagues provided financial and managerial support to scores of new business enterprises located throughout the United States...

"Secretary Bodman is married to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=M.Diane_Bodman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. Diane Bodman (page does not exist)">M. Diane Bodman</a>." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W.Bodman#cite_note-1">[2]</a>

"Samuel W. Bodman has been a Director of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Security_Capital_Group" title="Security Capital Group">Security Capital Group</a> Incorporated since 1991. Mr. Bodman served as Chairman since 1988, and Chief Executive Officer from 1988 until March 2001, of Cabot Corporation, a company with business in energy and special chemicals and materials. his other Directorships are: Cabot Corporation, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/John_Hancock_Financial_Services" title="John Hancock Financial Services">John Hancock Financial Services</a>, Inc., <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thermo_Electron" title="Thermo Electron" class="mw-redirect">Thermo Electron</a> Corp. and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Westvaco" title="Westvaco">Westvaco</a> Corp." <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W._Bodman#cite_note-2">[3]</a>

<h2>Resources and articles</h2>

<h3>Related Sourcewatch articles</h3>

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/American_Council_on_Global_Nuclear_Competitiveness" title="American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness">American Council on Global Nuclear Competitiveness</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (page does not exist)">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a> Trustee <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/196/000129806/">[1]</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>References</h3>

<li id="cite_note-0"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W._Bodman#cite_ref-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/12/20041210-10.html">Personnel Announcement</a> , the White House, accessed August 20, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W._Bodman#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/government/bodman-bio.html">Samuel W. Bodman</a>, The White House, accessed August 20, 2008.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Samuel_W._Bodman#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://investing.businessweek.com/businessweek/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=172133&privcapId=366977&previousCapId=27956057&previousTitle=Hunt%20BioVentures,%20LP">Security Capital Group Incorporated</a>, Businessweek, accessed August 20, 2008.</li>

</ol>

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<div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>:

<ul>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">United States</a></li>

<li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Mining" title="Category:Mining">Mining</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

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In the bizarro world that President Bush lives in, it pays�literally�to be a miserable failure, a criminal and a corporate con man. Those are just some of the characteristics of the dastardly men and women who were tapped recently to fill the vacancies in Bush�s second-term cabinet.

But one of the President�s most outrageous decisions (besides naming Alberto Gonzales, who concocted a legal case for torturing foreign prisoners at Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo Bay, Attorney General) has got to be choosing 66 year-old Sam Bodman to serve as Secretary of Energy. This is a guy who for a dozen years ran a Texas-based chemical company that spent years on the top five lists of the country�s worst polluters.

It�s not just a few clouds of smoke emanating from an oil refinery or a power plant that got Bodman�s old company, Boston-based Cabot Corporation, those accolades. It was the 54,000 tons of toxic emissions that his company�s refineries released into the air in the Lone Star state in 1997 alone that made Cabot the fourth largest source of toxic emissions in Texas. Cabot is the world�s largest producer of industrial carbon black, a byproduct of the oil refinery process.

In 2000, the year Bodman left Cabot to join the Bush administration as Deputy Commerce Secretary, Cabot accounted for 60,000 of the more than half-a-million tons of toxic emissions released into the Texas air, according to report by the Texas State Summary of Emissions.

A loophole created in the 1972 Texas Clean Air Act exempted or �grandfathered� industrial plants built before 1971 from new, stricter pollution control rules. But in the mid-1990s companies such as Cabot were supposed to curb the pollution coming from its refineries. Environmentalists demanded that then Gov. Bush rein in the polluters and close the so-called grandfather loophole as the air in Texas became smoggier.

Instead, in 1997, then Gov. Bush asked two oil company executives to outline a voluntary program that allowed the grandfathered polluters to decide on their own exactly how much to cut the pollution at their plants. The oil execs summoned a meeting of two dozen industry reps at Exxon offices in Houston and presented them with the program.

In a memo obtained under the Freedom of Information Act, one executive wrote that "clearly the insiders from oil and gas believe that the Governor's office will 'persuade' the (Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission) to accept what program is developed between the industry group and the Governor's Office."

�And they did. And two years later this joke of a program was enacted into law by a bill written by the general counsel for the Texas Chemical Council who also lobbies for energy and utility companies. The bill was denounced by newspapers across the state,� according to a March 5, 2000 report in The Fort Worth Star-Telegram.

According to people familiar with the legislation, Sam Bodman was part of the original working group that drafted legislation that then Gov. Bush signed into law that basically permitted Cabot and other companies to continue to emit the same level�and in some cases more�toxic emissions as they had been years earlier without so much as receiving a slap-on-the-wrist by then Gov. Bush.

Bodman personally contributed $1,000 to Bush's presidential campaign and $20,000 to Republican committees in the 1999-2000 election. Bodman is the wealthiest member of the Bush administration. His net worth is estimated to be between $42 million and $164 million, the bulk of it in Cabot stock, deferred compensation and other benefits.

Bodman shoddy environmental record aside, he may also be complicit in one of Africa�s deadliest wars.

In October 2002, Bodman�s former company came under fire when a United Nations Panel of Experts produced a report accusing the company, along with several other US corporations, of helping to fuel the wars in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) while he ran Cabot by purchasing coltan from Congo during the conflict and illegally plundering the country�s vast natural resources.

Cabot has publicly denied the allegations in the UN report, but a report by the Belgian Senate states that Eagle Wings Resources International had a long-term contract to supply Cabot with coltan, which it too purchased from Congo during the war. Eagle Wings was also identified in the UN report as contributing to the war.

In response, environmental Friend of the Earth United States (FOE) and the UK-based human rights group Rights and Accountability in Development (RAID) filed a complaint with the US State Department last August against Cabot and several other western corporations for its role in aiding the rebels in the Democratic Republic of Congo by conducting business there, essentially inadvertently aiding a violent conflict that contributed to widespread human rights abuses.

AID an FOE filed a complaint with the U.S. State Department last August claiming Cabot and other western corporations having violated the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development�s (OECD) �Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises,� a set of international standards for responsible corporate behavior.

The UN panel said in its report that a �three-year investigation found that sophisticated �elite networks� of high-level political, military and businesspersons, in collaboration with various rebel groups, intentionally fueled the conflict in order to retain control over the country�s vast natural resources. The Panel implicated many Western companies for directly or indirectly helping to fuel the war.�

The State Department is the agency in charge of deciding whether US companies breach the OECD guidelines. Despite the allegations included in the UN report and the complaint filed by the two activist groups, the State Department has refused to launch an independent investigation into whether Cabot, under Bodman�s leadership, and the other US companies might have contributed to the war in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

According to the UN report, an increase in the export of columbo tantalite, otherwise known as coltan from which the metal tantalum is extracted, in 1999 and 2000 resulted in �a sharp increase in the world prices of tantalum�leading to a large increase in coltan production in eastern DRC�While the processors of coltan and other Congolese minerals in Asia, Europe and North America may not have been aware of what was happening in the DRC, the Panel�s investigations uncovered such serious concerns that it was decided to raise the international business community�s awareness��

Cabot is the world�s largest refiner of coltan. The other US corporations identified in the UN report, Kemet and Vishay, both purchase processed tantalum from Cabot. Under Bodman�s leadership an unknown amount of the coltan Cabot Corporation was purchasing could have originated from the DRC. Cabot Corporation has stated publicly that �to the best of its knowledge none [of its coltan came] from environmentally sensitive areas in Africa, but it can�t be sure.�

As Energy Secretary, Bodman will be looking out for the energy behemoths he used to commiserate with while he was chairman and chief executive of Cabot, Vice President Dick Cheney being one of them. Many of those energy corporations have donated millions to fund President Bush�s inaugural parties. And Cheney wants Bodman to reward their pals by making a convincing case why the President�s controversial energy policy should sail through Congress, the environment be damned.

Jason Leopold is the author of the forthcoming book Off the Record: An Investigative Journalist�s Inside View of Dirty Politics, Corporate Scandal, and a Double Life Exposed (Rowman & Littlefield). He can be reached at <a href="mailto:jasonleopold@hotmail.com" target="_new">jasonleopold@hotmail.com</a>. Visit his website at <a href="http://www.jasonleopold.com">www.jasonleopold.com</a>

===

<h1>Bush to visit Aurora firm energy chief helped create</h1>

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<div id="mod-article-byline" class="mod-chitribarticlebyline mod-articlebyline">July 07, 2006|By Mike Hughlett, Tribune staff reporter</div>

When President Bush visits Cabot Microelectronics Corp. in Aurora on Friday, he'll no doubt get some insight into making computer chips. That's Cabot's business.

But Bush also will see a company that his own energy secretary, Samuel Bodman, played a big role in creating.

Bodman headed Cabot Corp. when it spun off Cabot Microelectronics in 2000, and he was once a big stockholder and director of the microelectronics firm, federal securities filings show.

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At the end of last year, Bodman owned less than $15,000 in Cabot Microelectronics shares. And he cashed out stock options in the firm last year, reaping $586,312, according to his most recent financial disclosure filing.

Cabot Microelectronics is a leading supplier of "polishing slurry" to the semiconductor industry. The slurry is made from purified water, chemicals and abrasives. Integrated-circuit producers like Intel Corp. rub the slurry on silicon wafers during the computer chip manufacturing process.

The slurry is like liquid sandpaper, polishing each layer of a chip until it's absolutely flat and blemish-free.

The president is expected to tour the plant and use his visit to speak about the American Competitiveness Initiative, a government program designed to enhance the country's technological prowess.

A White House spokesman said Bush was going to Cabot because "it's a great example of American competitiveness and ingenuity. Secretary Bodman did a great job leading the company, just as he is doing a great job leading the Energy Department."

Boston-based Cabot Corp., a global chemical-maker, broke ground on its Aurora plant in 1999. The next year, Cabot spun off its microelectronics materials division, which included the Aurora operation.

Nowadays, Aurora-based Cabot Microelectronics also has a big operation in Japan and does about $270 million in annual sales. It employed 650 people as of November.

Bodman, for shepherding the spinoff, received 60,000 options in 2000 to buy Cabot Microelectronics stock. Records indicate he cashed out any remaining options last year.

After the spinoff, Bodman served as a Cabot Microelectronics director. In January 2001, he owned almost 500,000 shares--2 percent--of the company's stock, according to a Securities and Exchange Commission filing.

But a few months later, Bodman left Cabot Microelectronics' board after Bush appointed him deputy secretary of commerce. Bodman later was named deputy treasury secretary, and in January 2005 he became Bush's energy secretary.

Bodman has sold most of his shares in the Aurora firm. He owned $1,000 to $15,000 in Cabot Microelectronics stock in 2005, according to an annual report he filed in May with the Office of Government Ethics.

</div>

Samuel Wright Bodman III (born November 26, 1938) was a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">United States Secretary of Energy</a> and was previously Deputy Secretary of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">U.S. Treasury Department</a>.

<tr>

<td>

<h2>Contents</h2>

</div>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#Early_life.2C_career.2C_and_family">1 Early life, career, and family</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#Bush_Administration">2 Bush Administration</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#Notes">3 Notes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#External_links">4 External links</a>

<ul>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#General">4.1 General</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#Articles_by_Samuel_Bodman">4.2 Articles by Samuel Bodman</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

</ul>

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</tbody></table>

<h2>Early life, career, and family</h2>

Born in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" title="Chicago, Illinois" class="mw-redirect">Chicago, Illinois</a> on November 26, 1938, Bodman spent his early years in the Chicago suburbs, before he graduated in 1961 with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a> from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a>. He was a member of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Sigma_Phi" title="Alpha Sigma Phi">Alpha Sigma Phi</a> Fraternity and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphinx_Head_Society" title="Sphinx Head Society" class="mw-redirect">Sphinx Head Society</a>. In 1965, he completed his <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">chemical engineering</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a>. For the next six years he served as an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT and began his work in the financial sector as Technical Director of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Research_and_Development_Corporation" title="American Research and Development Corporation">American Research and Development Corporation</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venture_capital" title="Venture capital">venture capital</a> firm.

From there, Bodman went to Fidelity Venture Associates, a division of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidelity_Investments" title="Fidelity Investments">Fidelity Investments</a>. In 1983 he was named President and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Operating_Officer" title="Chief Operating Officer" class="mw-redirect">Chief Operating Officer</a> of Fidelity Investments and a Director of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fidelity_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fidelity Group (page does not exist)">Fidelity Group</a> of Mutual Funds. In 1987, he joined <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabot_Corporation" title="Cabot Corporation">Cabot Corporation</a>, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>-based <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune_300" title="Fortune 300" class="mw-redirect">Fortune 300</a> company with global business activities in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialty_chemicals" title="Specialty chemicals" class="mw-redirect">specialty chemicals</a> and materials, where he served as Chairman, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Executive_Officer" title="Chief Executive Officer" class="mw-redirect">Chief Executive Officer</a>, and a Director.

Bodman is a former Director of M.I.T.'s School of Engineering Practice and a former member of the M.I.T. Commission on Education. He also served as a member of the Executive and Investment Committees at M.I.T., a member of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_%26_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts & Sciences" class="mw-redirect">American Academy of Arts & Sciences</a>, and a Trustee of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a> and the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_England_Aquarium" title="New England Aquarium">New England Aquarium</a>.

He is a former director of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company</a>.

Bodman is married to M. Diane Bodman. He has three children, two stepchildren, and eight grandchildren.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#cite_note-1">[1]</a>

<h2>Bush Administration</h2>

Bodman served as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_the_Treasury" title="Deputy Secretary of the Treasury" class="mw-redirect">Deputy Secretary of the Treasury</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> Administration beginning in February 2004. He also served the Bush Administration as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Secretary_of_Commerce" title="Deputy Secretary of Commerce" class="mw-redirect">Deputy Secretary of Commerce</a> beginning in 2001.

On December 10, 2004, Bodman was nominated to replace <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Abraham" title="Spencer Abraham">Spencer Abraham</a> as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Energy" title="United States Secretary of Energy">United States Secretary of Energy</a> and was confirmed unanimously by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> on January 31, 2005, taking office the next day. He led the Department of Energy with a budget in excess of $23 billion and over 100,000 federal and contractor employees.

In February 2007, Bodman testified before the House Armed Services Strategic Forces subcommittee about security problems at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a>. He stated that "The heart of the problem is a cultural issue at Los Alamos." He asserted that the impediment to improved security was "Arrogance. Arrogance of the chemists and physicists and engineers who work at Los Alamos and think they’re above it all." <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

<h2>Notes</h2>

<li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#cite_ref-1">^{</a></span}> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080611071955/http://www.energy.gov/organization/samuel_bodman.htm">"Department of Energy biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.energy.gov/organization/samuel_bodman.htm">the original</a> on 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2007-02-02.</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Bodman#cite_ref-2">^{</a></span}> "Bodman Blames Scientists For Problems at Los Alamos", Jon Fox, Global Security Newswire, Feb. 2007.</li>

</ol>

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<h2>External links</h2>

<h3>General</h3>

<ul>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsmeat.com/washington_political_donations/Sam_Bodman.php">Samuel Bodman's political donations</a></li>

</ul>

<h3>Articles by Samuel Bodman</h3>

<ul>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldenergysource.com/articles/text/bodman_WE_v9n2.cfm">World Energy Magazine - Meeting the Need for Affordable and Reliable Electricity</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldenergysource.com/articles/text/bodman_WE_v8n3.cfm">World Energy Magazine - The New Energy Bill: Fueling America's Energy Security</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldenergysource.com/articles/text/bodman_WE_v9n1.cfm">World Energy Magazine - The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership: A Roadmap to Energy Security</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldenergysource.com/articles/text/bodman_WE_v8n4.cfm">World Energy Magazine - Mutual Needs Fuel Cooperative Efforts Between the United States and Africa</a></li>

</ul>

Bodman, S

Attachments