lovejoy, th
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">yikes OMFG note models not good at tip pt</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/top-scientists-warn-of-an-amazon-tipping-point/2019/12/20"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/top-scientists-warn-of-an-amazon-tipping-point/2019/12/20</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dec. 20, 2019 at 12:14 p.m. PST</font></div><div class="article-body"><div class="teaser-content"><section><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Deforestation and other fast-moving changes in the Amazon threaten to turn parts of the rainforest into savanna, devastate wildlife and release billions of tons carbon into the atmosphere, two renowned experts warned Friday<b>.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The precious Amazon is teetering on the edge of functional destruction and, with it, so are we,” Thomas Lovejoy of <b>George Mason University and Carlos Nobre of the University of Sao Paulo in Brazil, both of whom have studied the world’s largest rainforest for decades, wrote in an <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">editorial in the journal Science Advances.</span>“Today, we stand exactly in a moment of destiny: The tipping point is here, it is now.”</b></font></p></div></section></div><div class="remainder-content"><section><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Combined with recent news that the thawing Arctic permafrost may be beginning to fill the atmosphere with greenhouse gases, and that Greenland’s ice sheet is melting at an accelerating pace, it’s the latest hint that important parts of the climate system may be moving toward <b>irreversible changes at a pace that defies earlier predictions.</b></font></p><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(247, 247, 247);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The speed of the transformation in some key systems, such as Greenland’s ice and the Arctic’s permafrost, has “indeed been underestimated by climate science</b>,” said Stefan Rahmstorf, the head of Earth system analysis at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. “And that’s partly because we cannot really capture them well in our models.”</font></span></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">In interviews, Lovejoy and Nobre said they decided to sound a dire alarm about the Amazon after witnessing the acceleration of troubling trends. The combination of rising temperatures, <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2019/08/21/amazonian-rainforest-is-ablaze-turning-day-into-night-brazils-capital-city/?tid=lk_inline_manual_7" style="text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">crippling wildfires </a>and ongoing land clearing for cattle ranching and crops has extended dry seasons, killed off water-sensitive vegetation and <u>created conditions for more fire.</u></b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy hide-for-print ma-0 mb-md interstitial italic" style="margin: 0px 0px 24px; line-height: 1.75;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/national/climate-environment/thermometers-climate-change/?tid=lk_interstitial_manual_8" style="text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">How we know that global warming is real</a>]</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The Amazon is 17 percent deforested, but for the large portion of it inside Brazil, the figure is closer to 20 percent. The fear is that soon there will be so little forest that the trees, which not only soak up enormous quantities of rainwater but also give off mist that aids agriculture and sustains innumerable species, won’t be able to recycle enough rainfall.At that point, much of the rainforest could decline into a drier savanna ecosystem. Rainfall patterns would change across much of South America. <u>Several hundred billion tons of carbon dioxide could wind up in the atmosphere, worsening climate change. And such a feedback loop would be tough to reverse.</u></b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">That point of no return, commonly referred to by scientists as a tipping point, “is much closer than we anticipated,” Nobre said in an interview.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The troubling news comes on top of other alarming developments regarding the Earth’s climate.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>This month, nearly 100 scientists <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/12/10/greenland-ice-losses-have-septupled-are-pace-sea-level-worst-case-scenario-scientists-say/?tid=lk_inline_manual_15" style="text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">detailed how the Greenland ice sheet’s </a>losses have accelerated in recent decades, growing from 33 billion tons lost per year in the 1990s to a current average of 254 billion tons annually.</b></font></p></div><div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Greenland is losing ice faster than expected, partly because <b>climate models aren’t good at predicting extreme melting events</b>, but also because many of the ice sheet’s smaller glaciers have started to speed up, too,</span>” said Andrew Shepherd, a glaciologist at the University of Leeds in Britain who led the latest study. “So the [worst]-case scenario now becomes business as usual."</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Separately, a report this month from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration laid out evidence suggesting that the global Arctic already has become a net emitter of carbon dioxide because of the thawing permafrost. That would be a profound shift for a region that includes vast stretches of Alaska, Canada, Siberia and Greenland, and which has<a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/2019/national/climate-environment/climate-change-siberia/?tid=lk_inline_manual_20" style="text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);"> long stored massive amounts of carbon </a>in its frozen soil.</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>At the same time, a global die-off of coral reefs in 2016 and 2017, which included the loss of nearly half of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef, shocked scientists.</b></font></p></div><div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Compared to coral bleaching in 1998 and 2002, the 2016 event was much more extreme — hotter, far more extensive, and deadlier,” said Terry Hughes, an expert on the reef and the director of the ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. “The reef has changed forever."</font></p><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>While the speed of the changes involving the Amazon, permafrost and ice sheets has surprised experts, models that scientists created decades ago regarding the average global temperature have largely held true.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The world has experienced about 1 degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, of warming since the late 19th century, largely because of greenhouse gas emissions from human activity.</font></p></div><div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But much <b>of the Arctic<b> </b>has already warmed by 2 degrees Celsius and some regions even more.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The Amazon also is warming at an accelerated rate.</b> An analysis by The Washington Post of global temperature changes found that almost the entirety of Brazil has warmed by more than 1.5 degrees Celsius, or 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit, since the late 1800s.</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Higher temperatures and deforestation are drying out parts of the Amazon and posing a fundamental threat to the rainforest.</b></font></p><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the southern Amazon dry season in particular, temperatures are <b>already 3 degrees Celsius higher than in the 1980s,</b> and the dry season is getting longer, exceeding four months in some regions, Nobre said.</font></p></div><div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Particularly worrying, he said, is a recent study showing how trees are faring in more than 100 locations across the Amazon. </b>Led by Adriane Esquivel Muelbert of the University of Leeds, researchers found forest transition has begun — trees accustomed to dry conditions are more likely to grow now while trees that require more moisture are disproportionately dying in places where climate changes are the greatest.</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Paulo Brando, a tropical ecologist and professor at the University of California at Irvine who has long studied the Amazon, said it is tricky to try to determine the tipping point.</font></p><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"The definition of ‘tipping point’ can be quite broad,” Brando said, so it is difficult to say whether the Amazon has reached what scientists would call a point of irreversible change. But this much is clear, he added: “<b>We’re not moving away from that tipping point. We’re probably driving very fast toward that direction</b>.”</font></p></div><div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The impact of changes to the Amazon reach far beyond South America. The rainforest stores an immense amount of carbon in its enormous trees, and if they die, that carbon is released.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>In a radically different part of the world, scientists last week described something eerily similar.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ted Schuur, an expert on northern permafrost at Northern Arizona University, wrote in NOAA’s 2019 Arctic Report Card that recent studies suggest that the thawing of the permafrost — a repository for millennia of dead plant and animal remains — is likely to be contributing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as those once-frozen materials begin to decompos.</font></p><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">For the “science community at large,” Schuur said in an email, “this is a ‘surprising’ confirmation that the data show the Arctic currently acting as a carbon source.”</b></font></p></div><div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schurr’s reasoning is based heavily on a groundbreaking study led by Susan Natali of the Woods Hole Research Center, research that is in many ways parallel to the new Amazon study. It pools the results from large numbers of scientists across the Arctic to show that in winter, permafrost soils are already emitting a lot of carbon. And those releases are probably enough to offset what happens in the growing season, when Arctic plant growth absorbs carbon.</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The models that scientists have used to try to determine how the Arctic region is processing carbon were too conservative when it came to losses in winter in particular,</b> Natali said<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. As a result, the potential for a transition of the Arctic from a “sink” that takes up carbon to a “source” that emits it may have been underestimated.</span></font></p><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"The models, they project that to be happening quite a ways out in the future, but I would say it’s happening now,” Natali said.</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Occasional extreme heat events in the Arctic can cause abrupt hillside collapses or “thaw slumps,” which rapidly expose very old and deep permafrost to the open air. Meanwhile, worsening Arctic fires can quickly remove insulating soil and vegetation layers from large stretches of permafrost, suddenly exposing it to the sun.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It’s like you’re opening the top of a cooler,” Natali said.</font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">In combination, the Amazon and Arctic news underscores that even as humans are <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2019/12/03/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-will-hit-yet-another-record-high-this-year-experts-project/?tid=lk_inline_manual_51" style="text-decoration-line: none; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 213);">largely failing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions</a>, the Earth may increase such emissions yet further.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Still, it is possible to slow the transformation of the Amazon through reforestation, researchers said.</b></font></p></div><div><p class="font--body font-copy color-gray-darkest ma-0 pad-bottom-md undefined" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.75; padding-bottom: 24px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“A tipping point is a way to talk about a moment of system shift or system change,” Lovejoy said. “In this case, it’s not going to be instantaneous, and that’s good news. It allows you to do something about it.</b>”</font></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section></div></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></b></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref</font></b></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></div><div><a href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/12/eaba2949"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/12/eaba2949</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">mazon tipping point: Last chance for action</span></font></div><header class="articleheader" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 699px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="articleexpandable-area collapsed" style="box-sizing: inherit; width: 699px;"><div class="article byline byline--article" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px;"><div class="highwire-markup" style="box-sizing: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div id="content-block-markup" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><div class="contributors" style="box-sizing: inherit;" xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><ol class="contributor-list" id="contrib-group-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li class="contributor" id="contrib-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; display: inline; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="name" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Thomas E. Lovejoy</span> and </font></li><li class="last" id="contrib-2" style="box-sizing: inherit; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; display: inline; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; text-align: left;">Carlos Nobre</li></ol></div></div></div></div></div><p class="contributor-listreveal" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; width: 699px; cursor: pointer;"><span class="contributor-listtoggler" style="box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-weight: 700;" /> <span class="collapsed-text" style="box-sizing: inherit;">See all</span> authors and affiliations</font></span></p></header><div class="meta-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px 0px; width: 699px; line-height: 1.1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite style="box-sizing: inherit;">Science Advances </cite> 20 Dec 2019:<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Vol. 5, no. 12, eaba2949<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba2949</font></div><div class="meta-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px 0px; width: 699px; line-height: 1.1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div class="meta-line" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px 0px; width: 699px; line-height: 1.1; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Although 2019 was not the worst year for fire or deforestation in the Amazon, it was the year when the extent of fires and deforestation in the region garnered full global attention. This year, the winds brought smoke from the fires into São Paulo, so thick that—after encountering moist air blowing from the ocean—the afternoon skies were darkened and street lights had to be lit 3 hours early for the city to continue to function. The rampant winds awoke the Brazilian populace and indeed the world to the harsh reality that the precious Amazon is teetering on the edge of functional destruction and, with it, so are we.</font></div><p id="p-5" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">For more than 50 years, scientists and policy makers have known unequivocally (<a id="xref-ref-1-1" class="xref-bibr" href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/12/eaba2949#ref-1" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">1</em></a>) that the hydrological cycle of the Amazon depends squarely on the transpiration of the forest’s multitude of leaves and on the evaporation from the complex surfaces of the rain forest.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> When it rains on the Amazonian forest landscape, at least 75% of the moisture is returned to the westward-moving air mass. The rainforest recycles the moisture five to six times before it turns southward, feeling the proximity of the high wall of the Andes. Over the whole basin, the air rises, cools, and precipitates out close to 20% of the world’s river water in the Amazon river system.</span></font></p><p id="p-6" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The moisture of the Amazon is not confined to the basin but is a core and integral part of the continental climate system with specific benefits for critical Brazilian agriculture in the south. In fact, every country in South America other than Chile (blocked from this moisture by the Andes) benefits from Amazon moisture.</font></p><p id="p-7" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When the existence of the Amazon’s essential hydrological cycles was recognized, a new problem became immediately apparent since when the land is deforested, more than 50% of rainwater runs off and is not available to recycle.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> How much deforestation could the forest—equal to the 48 continental U.S. states—withstand before there would be insufficient moisture to support tropical rain forests or before big portions of the landscape would convert to tropical savannah?</span></font></p><p id="p-8" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Researchers predict that deforestation will lead to developing savannahs mainly in the eastern and southern Amazon, perhaps extending into central and southwestern areas, because these zones are naturally close to the minimum amount of rainfall required for the rain forest to thrive.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Forests would also be pushed toward savannah configurations due to negative synergies with human-driven global warming, which leads to reduced rainfall and increased temperatures compounded with extensive use of fire (</span><a id="xref-ref-2-1" class="xref-bibr" href="https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/5/12/eaba2949#ref-2" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; font-weight: 700;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">2</em></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">).</span></font></p><p id="p-9" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The loss of forest will lead to staggering losses of biodiversity, carbon, and, in turn, human well-being</b>. In addition, although deforestation anywhere in the Amazon diminishes its hydrological cycle, what happens in the Brazilian Amazon is particularly important because of the sensitivity of that part of the forest to incremental and cumulative impacts of vegetative decline from dieback. Current deforestation is substantial and frightening: 17% across the entire Amazon basin and approaching 20% in the Brazilian Amazon.</font></p><p id="p-10" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Already, there are ominous signals of it in nature.</b> Dry seasons in Amazonian regions are already hotter and longer. Mortality rates of wet climate species are increased, whereas dry climate species are showing resilience. The increasing frequency of unprecedented droughts in 2005, 2010, and 2015/16 is signaling that the tipping point is at hand. Bluntly put, the Amazon not only cannot withstand further deforestation but also now requires rebuilding as the underpinning base of the hydrological cycle if the Amazon is to continue to serve as a flywheel of continental climate for the planet and an essential part of the global carbon cycle as it has for millennia.</font></p><p id="p-11" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The good news is that we can build back a margin of safety through immediate, active, and ambitious reforestation particularly in the deforested regions that are <b>largely abandoned cattle ranches and croplands, </b>about 23% of destroyed forest territory</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. These areas, which now lay fallow, are probably the main reason why the Amazon has not already become an expanding savannah.</span></font></p><p id="p-12" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The only sensible way forward is to launch a major reforestation project</b> especially in the southern and eastern Amazon, actions that could be part of Brazil’s implementing its commitments under the Paris agreement. Embarking on such efforts would not only qualify Brazilian states for support under the new California Tropical Forest Standard, which allows states not only to get financial support from carbon-capped California companies but could also bring positive attention to the country and draw support and assistance from the rest of the world. Efforts in Brazil would empower other countries with Amazonian territories to follow suit. Any additional increment of deforestation should be matched by three times as much reforestation, with details tailored at national levels.</font></p><p id="p-13" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Citizens and leaders across South America and around the world must create and promote a new vision of the Amazon, one that recognizes that the natural and economic assets of the region must be managed to maintain its essential role for South America and in sustaining the health of the planet. This new vision will need to respect and protect its natural infrastructure and include a thoughtful review of all related commercial activities.</font></p><p id="p-14" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>A new vision of the Amazon will require a biologically based view of economic development, which would immediately eliminate illogical and short-sighted economies such as the unreliable monocultures of cattle, soybeans, and sugarcane.</b> A modern vision of the Amazon must include truly innovative elements to create profitable bioeconomies through, for example, sensible use of intact forests, the harnessing of power from its massive flowing rivers, or the sustainable harvesting of biological and biomimetic assets within Amazonian biodiversity.</font></p><p id="p-15" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The economic potential held untapped in the Amazon ranges from sustainable aquaculture that lifts <b>Amazon fish</b> to the same global status as salmon, tuna, or codfish to industries based on the molecular properties of the extraordinary biodiversity. Fungicides found in the Amazon are an obvious but not exclusive way to start. Amazon aquarium fish have already gone from destructive collection and shipping to sustainable exports. A fraction of deforested areas can be transformed into sustainable agroecological systems generating well-being to Amazonian populations. A sustainable Amazon requires sustainable cities based on appropriate economic activities and sensible management will be part of the solution; there is no sustainable Amazon without an adequate quality of life in Amazon cities.</font></p><p id="p-16" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 15px 0px; width: 699px; transition: background-color 1s ease-in-out 1s;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">We are scientists who have been studying the Amazon and all its wondrous assets for many decades. Today, we stand exactly in a moment of destiny: The tipping point is here, it is now. The </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">people<b>s</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and leaders of the Amazon countries together have the power, the science, and the tools to avoid a continental-scale, indeed, a global environmental disaster. Together, we need the will and imagination to tip the direction of change in favor of a sustainable Amazon.</span></font></p><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></b></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">i'm so confused!</font></div><div><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b style="">Thomas E. Lovejoy</b>, "the Godfather of Biodiversity",<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">[1]</a></sup> is a Senior Fellow at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Foundation" title="United Nations Foundation" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">United Nations Foundation</a> and university professor in the Environmental Science and Policy department at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">George Mason University</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Lovejoy was the World Bank's chief biodiversity advisor and the lead specialist for environment for Latin America and the Caribbean as well as </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">senior advisor to the president of the United Nations Foundation</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. In 2008, he also was the first </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heinzctr.org/Biodiversity.html" style="background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" text-decoration-line="text-decoration-line" none="none" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Biodiversity Chair</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1;"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span title=" Dead link since March 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> of the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_H.John_Heinz_III_Center_For_Science,Economics_And_The_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="The H. John Heinz III Center For Science, Economics And The Environment" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">H. John Heinz III Center for Science, Economics and the Environment</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> to 2013. </span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Previously he served as president of the Heinz Center since May 2002. Lovejoy introduced the term <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_diversity" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological diversity" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">biological diversity</a></i> to the scientific community in 1980. He formerly was chair of the Scientific Technical Advisory Panel (STAP) for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Environment_Facility" title="Global Environment Facility" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Global Environment Facility</a> (GEF),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup> the multibillion-dollar funding mechanism for developing countries in support of their obligations under international environmental conventions.</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#Biography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Biography</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#Quotes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Quotes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Biography">Biography</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lovejoy&action=edit§ion=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Biography" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Lovejoy attended <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millbrook_School" title="Millbrook School" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Millbrook School</a>, where he worked at The Trevor Zoo, under zoo founder Frank Trevor and his wife Janet. "The first three weeks were the key, and that's what flipped my switch in life and Biology. I was not prepared for the impact the Trevors world actually have on me in the classroom. And it was like my first three weeks and that was it. I'm going to be a biologist." He graduated from Millbrook in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Lovejoy, a tropical <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">biologist</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">conservation</a> biologist, has worked in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Rainforest" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Rainforest" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Amazon</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Brazil</a> since 1965. He received his B.S. and Ph.D. in biology from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Yale University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>From 1973 to 1987 he directed the conservation program at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">World Wildlife Fund</a>-U.S</b>.,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup> and from 1987 to 1998 he served as assistant secretary for environmental and external affairs for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Smithsonian Institution</a> in Washington, D.C.,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup> and in 1994 became counselor to the secretary for biodiversity and environmental affairs. From 1999 to 2002, he served as chief biodiversity adviser to the president of the World Bank. In 2010 and 2011, he served as chair of the Independent Advisory Group on Sustainability for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Inter-American Development Bank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a></sup> He is senior adviser to the president of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Foundation" title="United Nations Foundation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Nations Foundation</a>, chair of the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, and is past president of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Institute_of_Biological_Sciences" title="American Institute of Biological Sciences" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Institute of Biological Sciences</a>, past chairman of the United States Man and Biosphere Program, and past president of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_for_Conservation_Biology" title="Society for Conservation Biology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Society for Conservation Biology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Lovejoy developed the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-for-Nature_Swap" class="mw-redirect" title="Debt-for-Nature Swap" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">debt-for-nature swaps</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a></sup> in which environmental groups purchase shaky foreign debt on the secondary market at the market rate, which is considerably discounted, and then convert this debt at its face value into the local currency to purchase biologically sensitive tracts of land in the debtor nation for purposes of environmental protection.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Critics of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debt-for-nature_swap" title="Debt-for-nature swap" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">'debt-for-nature' schemes</a>, such as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="National Center for Public Policy Research" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Center for Public Policy Research</a>, which distributes a wide variety of materials consistently justifying corporate freedom and environmental deregulation, aver that plans deprive developing nations of the extractable raw resources that are currently essential to further economic development. Economic stagnation and local resentment of "Yankee imperialism" can result, they warn. In reality, no debt-for-nature swap occurs without the approval of the country in question.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Lovejoy has also supported the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forests_Now_Declaration" title="Forests Now Declaration" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Forests Now Declaration</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, which calls for new </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">market-based mechanisms</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> to protect tropical forests</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Lovejoy played a central role in the establishment of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_biology" title="Conservation biology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">conservation biology</a>, by initiating the idea and planning with B. A. Wilcox in June 1978 for <i>The First International Conference on Research in Conservation Biology</i>, that was held in La Jolla, in September 1978. The proceedings,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a></sup> introduced conservation biology to the scientific community.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lovejoy serves on many scientific and conservation boards and advisory groups, is the author of numerous articles and books. As often misassociated, he is not the founder but served as an advisor in the early days of the public television series <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (TV series)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">NATURE</a>. He is no longer part of the creative team. <b>He has served in an official capacity in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Reagan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H.W.Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="George H.W. Bush" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George H.W. Bush</a>, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Clinton" class="mw-redirect" title="William Clinton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Clinton</a> administrations.</b></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Lovejoy predicted in 1980 (see quote below), that 10–20 percent of all species on earth would have gone extinct by the year 2020.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2001, Lovejoy was the recipient of the University of Southern California's <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler_Prize_for_Environmental_Achievement" title="Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement</a>. Lovejoy has been granted the 2008 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBVA_Foundation_Frontiers_of_Knowledge_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award</a> in the Ecology and Conservation Biology category (<i>ex aequo</i> with William F. Laurance).</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">In 2004, a new wasp species that acts as a parasite on butterfly larvae was discovered on the Pacific slope of the Talamanca mountain range in Costa Rica by Ronald Zúñiga, a specialist in bees, wasps and ants at the National Biodiversity Institute (INBio). INBio named the species <i>Polycyrtus lovejoyi</i> in honor of Lovejoy for his contributions in the world of biodiversity and support for INBio.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On October 31, 2012, Lovejoy was awarded the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Planet_Prize" title="Blue Planet Prize" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Blue Planet Prize</a> for being "the first scientist to academically clarify how humans are causing habitat fragmentation and pushing biological diversity towards crisis."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">He has served on the board of directors since 2009 for the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Conservation_Association" title="Amazon Conservation Association" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Amazon Conservation Association</a>, whose mission is to conserve the biological diversity of the Amazon.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a></sup> He is also an emeritus member of the board of directors for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_Action_International" title="Population Action International" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Population Action International</a> and serves on the Scientific Board of SavingSpecies, a conservation organization featured in a <i>Nature</i> magazine article about Thomas Lovejoy's scientific accomplishments.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 2016, he was selected as a U.S. Science Envoy by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="United States State Department" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">United States State Department</a>.</span><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Quotes">Quotes</span></font></h2><blockquote style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 40px;"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The natural world in which we live is nothing short of entrancing — wondrous really. Personally, I take great joy in sharing a world with the shimmering variety of life on earth. Nor can I believe any of us really want a planet which is a lonely wasteland.
—Reith Lecture, <i>Biodiversity</i>, 2000.
It is nothing short of scandalous that we probably only know one out of every ten species on earth, let alone where they are or, various aspects of their biology...
—Reith Lecture, <i>Biodiversity</i>, 2000.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
Hundreds of thousands of species will perish, and this reduction of 10 to 20 percent of the earth's biota will occur in about half a human life span....This reduction of the biological diversity of the planet is the most basic issue of our time.
—Foreword, in <i>Conservation Biology</i>,<b> Michael Soulé </b>and Bruce Wilcox, 1980.</font></p></blockquote><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lovejoy&action=edit§ion=3&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://environment.yale.edu/news/article/thomas-lovejoy-on-biodiversity-habitat-fragmentation-and-50-years-in-the-amazon/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Lovejoy, 'Godfather' of Biodiversity, Reflects On 50 Years in the Amazon"</a>. <i>environment.yale.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2017-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=environment.yale.edu&rft.atitle=Lovejoy%2C+%27Godfather%27+of+Biodiversity%2C+Reflects+On+50+Years+in+the+Amazon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenvironment.yale.edu%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fthomas-lovejoy-on-biodiversity-habitat-fragmentation-and-50-years-in-the-amazon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Thomas Lovejoy"</a>. <i>Wilson Center</i>. 2011-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2017-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inter-American+Development+Bank&rft.atitle=Independent+advisory+group+convened+to+examine+the+implementation+of+IDB%27s+environmental+policy+-+Inter-American+Development+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iadb.org%2Fen%2Ftopics%2Fsustainability%2Findependent-advisory-group-convened-to-examine-the-implementation-of-idbs-environmental-policy%2C1534.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-10" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Society, National Geographic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/explorers/bios/thomas-lovejoy/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Thomas E. Lovejoy, Tropical and Conservation Biologist Information, Facts, News, Photos -- National Geographic"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2017-02-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Thomas+E.+Lovejoy%2C+Tropical+and+Conservation+Biologist+Information%2C+Facts%2C+News%2C+Photos+--+National+Geographic&rft.aulast=Society&rft.aufirst=National+Geographic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fexplorers%2Fbios%2Fthomas-lovejoy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-11" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teamnetwork.org/science-advisory-board" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Science Advisory Board | TEAM Network - Early Warning System for Nature"</a>. <i>www.teamnetwork.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uow.edu.au/sharonb/STS300/equity/economic/dfnarticle2.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 2017-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Wilcox. 1980. <i>Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Approach</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ticotimes.net/dailyarchive/2004_07/Week5/07_29_04.htm#story4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on 2011-05-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tico+Times+Online+Daily&rft.atitle=INBio+Discovers+New+Wasp+Species&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ticotimes.net%2Fdailyarchive%2F2004_07%2FWeek5%2F07_29_04.htm%23story4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-17" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amazonconservation.org/index.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Amazon Conservation Association"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Amazon+Conservation+Association&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazonconservation.org%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-18" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Tollefson, Jeff (April 2013). "Forest ecology: Splinters of the Amazon". <i>Nature</i>. <b>496</b> (7445): 286–289. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Natur.496..286T" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">2013Natur.496..286T</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F496286a" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">10.1038/496286a</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23598321" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">23598321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Forest+ecology%3A+Splinters+of+the+Amazon&rft.volume=496&rft.issue=7445&rft.pages=286-289&rft.date=2013-04&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23598321&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F496286a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Natur.496..286T&rft.au=Tollefson%2C+Jeff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0; break-inside: avoid-column;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy#cite_ref-19" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2016/02/253734.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" b4b84="b4b84" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Announcement of U.S. Science Envoys"</a>. <i>United States Department of State</i>. 26 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">19 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Announcement+of+U.S.+Science+Envoys&rft.date=2016-02-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fprs%2Fps%2F2016%2F02%2F253734.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThomas+Lovejoy" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li></ol></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Lovejoy&action=edit§ion=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Aug 28, 2019 - </span>Lovejoy: Saving the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span> is imperative in the fight against <span style="font-weight: bold;">global climate</span> ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas Lovejoy</span>, a <span style="font-weight: bold;">University</span> Professor in <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason</span> ...</font></span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAF6BAgEEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:f7O0WNt1uKcJ:https://content.gmu.edu/news/579206+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:f7O0WNt1uKcJ:https://content.gmu.edu/news/579206%2B%26cd%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAAegQIAhAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www2.gmu.edu/news/582116" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www2.gmu.edu/news/582116&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Mason's Thomas Lovejoy says the time to act for the Amazon ...</a></font></font></h3>
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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">University Professor <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas Lovejoy</span> speaks at the launch of the Institute for a ... by noted <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span> conservation biologist <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas Lovejoy</span> and ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span> rainforest plays a key role in the fight against <span style="font-weight: bold;">global climate</span> change by ...</font></span></a></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAUQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAJ6BAgFEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:-Xfug61xYPoJ:https://www2.gmu.edu/news/582116+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:-Xfug61xYPoJ:https://www2.gmu.edu/news/582116%2B%26cd%3D2%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDABegQIBBAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Thomas_Lovejoy</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&oq=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&aqs=chrome..69i57.9342j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b2" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0Q7B0wAnoECAUQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QqR8wAnoECAUQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:YnOkvJJmlM4J:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:YnOkvJJmlM4J:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D3%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDACegQIBRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy+Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QHzACegQIBRAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy+Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QHzACegQIBRAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas</span> E. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lovejoy</span>, "the Godfather of Biodiversity", is a Senior Fellow at the United Nations Foundation and university professor in the Environmental Science and Policy department at <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span>. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lovejoy</span> was the <span style="font-weight: bold;">World</span> Bank's chief biodiversity advisor and the lead ... He has served on the board of directors since 2009 for the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span> ...</font></span></a></font></font></div><div data-base-uri="/search" id="ed_8" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0Q2Z0BMAJ6BAgFEAc"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAN6BAgDEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lovejoy+Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QHzACegQIBRAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjADegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjADegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjADegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjADegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas Lovejoy | Leaders | WWF - World Wildlife Fund</a></font></font></font></font></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.worldwildlife.org › leaders › thomas-lovejoy</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&oq=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&aqs=chrome..69i57.9342j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b3" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0Q7B0wA3oECAMQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QqR8wA3oECAMQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:-nPK0Jf9amYJ:https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:-nPK0Jf9amYJ:https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D4%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDADegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:-nPK0Jf9amYJ:https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:-nPK0Jf9amYJ:https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D4%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDADegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Climate</span> · Food · Forests ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">THOMAS LOVEJOY</span> is an innovative and accomplished conservation biologist who ... In 2010 he was elected professor in the department of environmental science and policy at <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span>. ... to the <span style="font-weight: bold;">world's</span> tropical rain forests, and in particular to the Brazilian <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span>, where he has ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></div><div data-base-uri="/search" id="ed_9" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0Q2Z0BMAN6BAgDEAY"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAYQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAR6BAgGEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:-nPK0Jf9amYJ:https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:-nPK0Jf9amYJ:https://www.worldwildlife.org/leaders/thomas-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D4%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDADegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAEegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAEegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAEegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAEegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas Lovejoy | Carnegie Institution for Science</a></font></font></font></font></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://carnegiescience.edu › thomas-lovejoy</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&oq=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&aqs=chrome..69i57.9342j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b4" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0Q7B0wBHoECAYQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QqR8wBHoECAYQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:G9PrFSJY5OsJ:https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:G9PrFSJY5OsJ:https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAEegQIBhAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:G9PrFSJY5OsJ:https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:G9PrFSJY5OsJ:https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAEegQIBhAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Professor <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lovejoy</span> was elected <span style="font-weight: bold;">University</span> Professor at <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason</span> in March 2010. ... An ecologist who has worked in the Brazilian <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span> since 1965, he works on ... in 1980 published the first estimate of <span style="font-weight: bold;">global</span> extinction rates (in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Global</span> ... interaction between <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate</span> change and biodiversity for more than 30 years.</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAV6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:G9PrFSJY5OsJ:https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:G9PrFSJY5OsJ:https://carnegiescience.edu/thomas-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAEegQIBhAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAFegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAFegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAFegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAFegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas E. Lovejoy – Woods Hole Research Center</a></font></font></font></font></h3>
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left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FLbAo9jkPqkJ:whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:FLbAo9jkPqkJ:whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAFegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><a class="fl" href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:FLbAo9jkPqkJ:whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:FLbAo9jkPqkJ:whrc.org/staff/thomas-lovejoy/%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAFegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Senior Fellow, United Nations Foundation Professor, College of Science, <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span>. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas</span> E. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lovejoy</span>, a conservation biologist who was the ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAcQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAZ6BAgHEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><a href="https://www.amazonbiodiversitycenter.org/single-post/2016/08/18/Thomas-Lovejoy-Fifty-years-in-the-Amazon" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazonbiodiversitycenter.org/single-post/2016/08/18/Thomas-Lovejoy-Fifty-years-in-the-Amazon&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAGegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" /></a></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><a href="https://www.amazonbiodiversitycenter.org/single-post/2016/08/18/Thomas-Lovejoy-Fifty-years-in-the-Amazon" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazonbiodiversitycenter.org/single-post/2016/08/18/Thomas-Lovejoy-Fifty-years-in-the-Amazon&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAGegQIBxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Thomas Lovejoy: Fifty years in the Amazon</font></a></font></font></font></font></h3><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">
</font></font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.amazonbiodiversitycenter.org › single-post › 2016/08/18 › Tho...</cite></font></font></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas</span> E. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lovejoy</span> was recently interviewed for Revisita Pesquisa FAPESP, ... Department of Environmental Science and Policy, <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span>, ..... In terms of <span style="font-weight: bold;">global climate</span> change, doing that kind of thing around the <span style="font-weight: bold;">world</span> is in ...</font></span></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAgQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAd6BAgIEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAHegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas Lovejoy | Wilson Center</a></font></font></font></font></h3><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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In the 1980s, he brought <span style="font-weight: bold;">international</span> attention to the <span style="font-weight: bold;">world's</span> tropical rain forests and in particular the Brazilian <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span>, where he has ... Developing <span style="font-weight: bold;">Climate</span> Resilience: An Island Perspective.</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAoQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAh6BAgKEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://www.wilsoncenter.org/person/thomas-lovejoy+Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QHzAHegQICBAG" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAIegQIChAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAIegQIChAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAIegQIChAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.amazon.com/Biodiversity-Climate-Change-Transforming-Biosphere/dp/0300206119&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAIegQIChAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Biodiversity and Climate Change: Transforming the Biosphere ...</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Buy Biodiversity and <span style="font-weight: bold;">Climate</span> Change: Transforming the Biosphere on <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span>.<wbr />com ... understand of how human-induced <span style="font-weight: bold;">climate</span> change is affecting the living <span style="font-weight: bold;">world</span>. ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">Thomas</span> E. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Lovejoy</span> is university professor at <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span>. ... review; <span style="font-weight: bold;">Amazon</span> Best Sellers Rank: #869,485 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)<wbr />.</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAkQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFSgAMAl6BAgJEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; 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text-decoration-line: none;" /></font></font></font></font></font><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAJegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAJegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QFjAJegQICRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Thomas E. Lovejoy | Center for Humans & Nature</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></h3><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font><div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.humansandnature.org › thomas-e.-lovejoy</cite></font></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&oq=Thomas+Lovejoy+of+George+Mason+University+climate+global+amazon&aqs=chrome..69i57.9342j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b9" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0Q7B0wCXoECAkQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QqR8wCXoECAkQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAJegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAJegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAJegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2010 he was elected University Professor in the Department of Environmental Science and Policy at <span style="font-weight: bold;">George Mason University</span>. He served as President of the ...</font></span></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy+&cd=10&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:8Ka95HxjEQgJ:https://www.humansandnature.org/thomas-e.-lovejoy%2B%26cd%3D10%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjqgPTxucfmAhUaWs0KHfbiBt0QIDAJegQICRAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></b></a></font></font></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>