Dulles, JF

kinzer & ----- Bitter fruit: managing partner (both Dulles bros)  one joined 1917 cuba sugar, cement, mines (liberal party won election, conservative refused to give up power; revolution JF ent to DC to see uncle bert, sec of state robt Lansing; send 2 warships, next am did, 6K marines; occupied cuba several years .schroeder bank (alan on bd) broken up, part in UKiran nationalized oil (one co, schroeder) anglo-iranian --> BP  mossadecguate land reform UFC (schroeder) arbenzs&C voted to close german office, but JF backdated a year?  anti-bolshie (alan met hitler, JF jealous) krystalnacht said to be protecting for investment.JF fronted for german bonds (900m$) in 30's, alan visited grmany, less enchantedfounders in 20's council of for relations: ny now just a TT; tiny elite prep school ivy league, law firm invest banks pals (state dept embryonic) cf logo: pegasus; ubiquay "everywhere"

=Sullivan & Cromwell partner <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rogers_Lamont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rogers Lamont (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Rogers Lamont</a> was the first American to die in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">World War II</a>. Lamont had worked in the firm's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Berlin</a> office in the early 1930s and had seen the horrors of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nazi Germany</a> firsthand. Lamont resigned from the firm in 1939 and joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">British Army</a>. Lamont was killed at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Dunkirk</a> on May 27, 1940. On the other hand, Sullivan & Cromwell did business with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.G._Farben" title="I.G. Farben" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">I.G. Farben</a> (the chemical manufacturer of ‘<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zyklon-B" title="Zyklon-B" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Zyklon-B</a>’ poison gas used in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_death_camps" title="Nazi death camps" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Nazi death camps</a>) and its associated Nazi-era corporations. Their chief contact at the firm was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">attorney</a> named <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles" title="John Foster Dulles" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">John Foster Dulles</a>, who later became<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State" title="Secretary of State" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Secretary of State</a> in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenhower_Administration" title="Eisenhower Administration" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">Eisenhower Administration</a>. “Sullivan and Cromwell thrived on its <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartels" title="Cartels" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">cartels</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collusion" title="Collusion" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">collusion</a> with the new Nazi regime,” say the firm’s chroniclers. In 1933 and 1934, when the Nazis' brutal course was obvious, Dulles led off cables to his German clients with the salutation, “Heil Hitler”. In 1935, he scribbled a screed for the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Monthly" title="Atlantic Monthly" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Atlantic Monthly</a> magazine dismissing Nazi state terrorism as “changes we recognize to be inevitable.”

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Foster_Dulles</a>

John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 – May 24, 1959) served as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> under <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight_D.Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a> from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> era, advocating an aggressive stance against <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communism</a> throughout the world. He advocated support of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> in their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">war against the Viet Minh in Indochina</a> and it is widely believed that he refused to shake the hand of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Enlai" title="Zhou Enlai">Zhou Enlai</a> at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Conference%281954%29" title="Geneva Conference (1954)">Geneva Conference</a> in 1954. He also played a major role in the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> operation to overthrow the democratic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Mosaddeq" title="Mohammed Mosaddeq" class="mw-redirect">Mossadegh</a> government of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> in 1953 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ajax" title="Operation Ajax" class="mw-redirect">Operation Ajax</a>) and the democratic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobo_Arbenz_Guzman" title="Jacobo Arbenz Guzman" class="mw-redirect">Arbenz</a> government of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a> in 1954 (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_PBSUCCESS" title="Operation PBSUCCESS" class="mw-redirect">Operation PBSUCCESS</a>).

...

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_George_Washington_University_Law_School" title="The George Washington University Law School" class="mw-redirect">George Washington University Law School</a> he joined the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> law firm of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan_%26_Cromwell" title="Sullivan & Cromwell">Sullivan & Cromwell</a>, where he specialized in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>. He tried to join the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">United States Army</a> during <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> but was rejected because of poor eyesight. Instead, Dulles received an Army commission as Major on the War Industries Board.

Both his grandfather, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">John W. Foster</a>, and his uncle, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Lansing" title="Robert Lansing">Robert Lansing</a>, served as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">Secretary of State</a>. He was also the older brother of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Welsh_Dulles" title="Allen Welsh Dulles">Allen Welsh Dulles</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_Central_Intelligence" title="Director of Central Intelligence">Director of Central Intelligence</a> under Eisenhower.

<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan%26_Cromwell">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sullivan%26_Cromwell</a>

fluff ?

Sullivan & Cromwell LLP is an international <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_firm" title="Law firm">law firm</a> headquartered in New York. The firm has approximately 800 lawyers in 12 offices, located in financial centers in the United States, Asia, Australia and Europe. Sullivan & Cromwell was founded by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Sydney_Sullivan" title="Algernon Sydney Sullivan">Algernon Sydney Sullivan</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Nelson_Cromwell" title="William Nelson Cromwell">William Nelson Cromwell</a> in 1879. The firm consistently ranks as one of the most prestigious law firms in the world. As of 2006, it was the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_100_largest_law_firms_globally" title="List of 100 largest law firms globally" class="mw-redirect">15th largest law firm in the world</a>.

...

From its earliest involvement in the formation of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison" title="Edison">Edison</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> Company in 1882 and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Steel_Corporation" title="United States Steel Corporation" class="mw-redirect">United States Steel Corporation</a> in 1901, to its present work with leaders of the global economy in the 21st century, the firm has been closely involved in the affairs of some of America's, and now the world's, greatest industrial, commercial and financial enterprises. Sullivan & Cromwell's efforts to bring about the building of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> are chronicled in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_McCullough" title="David McCullough">David McCullough</a>'s book, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Path_Between_the_Seas" title="The Path Between the Seas">The Path Between the Seas</a>. The firm represents the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Canal_Authority" title="Panama Canal Authority">Panama Canal Authority</a> to this day

my lai

------

Ancestor helped annex Hawaii

guatemala coup

<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lmhQkeaQMQEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+foster+dulles&source=bl&ots=XnuWDYLSEG&sig=wW7YB5v81ANU5dXVrn-FnvCVqJA&hl=en&ei=rwVPTJLnN4agsQPw_6C0Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=16&ved=0CFkQ6AEwDw#v=onepage&q=guatemala&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=lmhQkeaQMQEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+foster+dulles&source=bl&ots=XnuWDYLSEG&sig=wW7YB5v81ANU5dXVrn-FnvCVqJA&hl=en&ei=rwVPTJLnN4agsQPw_6C0Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=16&ved=0CFkQ6AEwDw#v=onepage&q=guatemala&f=false</a>

United Fruit <a href="http://www.mayaparadise.com/united_fruit_company.htm">http://www.mayaparadise.com/united_fruit_company.htm Alan on board</a><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lmhQkeaQMQEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+foster+dulles&source=bl&ots=XnuWDYLSEG&sig=wW7YB5v81ANU5dXVrn-FnvCVqJA&hl=en&ei=rwVPTJLnN4agsQPw_6C0Bw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=16&ved=0CFkQ6AEwDw#v=onepage&q=guatemala&f=false"> </a>

<h1 dir="ltr" class="title">John Foster Dulles: piety, pragmatism, and power in U.S. foreign policy</h1>

By Richard H. Immerman

<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=lmhQkeaQMQEC&lpg=PP1&ots=XnuWDYLSEG&dq=john%20foster%20dulles&pg=PR16#v=onepage&q&f=false">http://books.google.com/books?id=lmhQkeaQMQEC&lpg=PP1&ots=XnuWDYLSEG&dq=john%20foster%20dulles&pg=PR16#v=onepage&q&f=false</a>

hmn

</a> <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk">Spartacus</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA.htm">USA History</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Britain.html">British History</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WW.htm">Second World War</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm">First World War</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Germany.htm">Germany</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAslavery.htm">

</a><a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmccarthyism.htm">McCarthyism</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAwriters.htm">American Writers</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcinema.htm">Cinema</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USApolitical.htm">USA Politicians</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/author.htm">Author</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRsearch.htm">Search Website</a>, <a href="mailto:spartacus@pavilion.co.uk">Email</a><a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA.htm">

</a></blockquote>

</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" bgcolor="#fff3e8">

John Foster Dulles, the son of a Presbyterian minister, was born in Washington on 25th February, 1888. His brother was <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAdullesA.htm">Allen Dulles</a> and his grandfather was John Watson Foster, Secretary of State under President <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAharrison.htm">Benjamin Harrison</a>. His uncle, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAlansing.htm">Robert Lansing</a>, was Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwilsonW.htm">Woodrow Wilson</a>.

After attending Princeton University and George Washington University he joined the New York law firm of Sullivan and Cromwell, where he specialized in international law. He tried to join the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWusa.htm">United States Army</a> during the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm">First World War</a> but was rejected because of poor eyesight.

In 1918 <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwilsonW.htm">Woodrow Wilson</a> appointed Dulles as legal counsel to the United States delegation to the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWversailles.htm">Versailles Peace Conference</a>. Afterwards he served as a member of the War Reparations Committee. Dulles, a deeply religious man, attended numerous international conferences of churchmen during the 1920s and 1930s. He also became a partner in the Sullivan & Cromwell law firm.

Dulles was a close associate of <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAdeweyT.htm">Thomas E. Dewey</a> who became the presidential candidate of the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USArepublican.htm">Republican Party</a> in 1944. During the election Dulles served as Dewey's foreign policy adviser.

In 1945 Dulles participated in the San Francisco Conference and worked as adviser to <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAvandenbergA.htm">Arthur H. Vandenberg</a> and helped draft the preamble to the United Nations Charter. He subsequently attended the General Assembly of the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAun.htm">United Nations</a> as a United States delegate in 1946, 1947 and 1950. He also published War or Peace (1950).

Dulles criticized the foreign policy of the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAtruman.htm">Harry S. Truman</a>. He argued that the policy of "containment" should be replaced by a policy of "liberation". When <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAeisenhower.htm">Dwight Eisenhower</a> became president in January, 1953, he appointed Dulles as his Secretary of State.

He spent considerable time building up <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAnato.htm">NATO </a>as part of his strategy of controlling Soviet expansion by threatening massive retaliation in event of a war. In an article written for <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ARTlife.htm">Life Magazine</a> Dulles defined his policy of brinkmanship: "The ability to get to the verge without getting into the war is the necessary art." His critics blamed him for damaging relations with communist states and contributing to the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ColdWar.htm">Cold War</a>.

Dulles was also the architect of the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAseato.htm">Southeast Asia Treaty Organization</a> (SEATO) that was created in 1954. The treaty, signed by representatives of the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA.htm">United States</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWaustralia.htm">Australia</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/industry.html">Britain</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/France.htm">France</a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWnewzealand.htm">New Zealand </a>, <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWpakistan.htm">Pakistan</a>, the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWphilippines.htm">Philippines</a> and <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWthailand.htm">Thailand</a>, provided for collective action against aggression.

Dulles upset the leaders of several non-aligned countries when on 9th June, 1955, he argued in one speech that "neutrality has increasingly become an obsolete and except under very exceptional circumstances, it is an immoral and shortsighted conception."

In 1956 Dulles strongly opposed the Anglo-French invasion of <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWegypt.htm">Egypt</a> (October-November). However, by 1958 he was an outspoken opponent of President <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWnasser.htm">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> and stopped him from receiving weapons from the United States. This policy backfired and enabled the <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Russia.htm">Soviet Union</a> to gain influence in the Middle East.

Dulles, suffering from cancer, was forced to resign from office in April, 1959. John Foster Dulles died in <a href="http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAwashington.htm">Washington</a> on 24th May, 1959.

</blockquote>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</center>

=

In May 1933, just after the Hitler regime was consolidated, an agreement was reached in Berlin for the coordination of all Nazi commerce with the U.S.A. The Harriman International Co., led by Averell Harriman’s first cousin Oliver, was to head a syndicate of 150 firms and individuals, to conduct all exports from Hitler Germany to the United States.@s3@s5

This pact had been negotiated in Berlin between Hitler’s economics minister, Hjalmar Schacht, and John Foster Dulles, international attorney for dozens of Nazi enterprises, with the counsel of Max Warburg and Kurt von Schroeder.

John Foster Dulles would later be U.S. Secretary of State, and the great power in the Republican Party of the 1950s. Foster’s friendship and that of his brother Allen (head of the Central Intelligence Agency), greatly aided Prescott Bush to become the Republican U.S. Senator from Connecticut. And it was to be of inestimable value to George Bush, in his ascent to the heights of “ covert action government, ” that both of these Dulles brothers were the lawyers for the Bush family’s far-flung enterprise.

Throughout the 1930s, John Foster Dulles arranged debt restructuring for German firms under a series of decrees issued by Adolf Hitler. In these deals, Dulles struck a balance between the interest owed to selected, larger investors, and the needs of the growing Nazi war-making apparatus for producing tanks, poison gas, etc.

Dulles wrote to Prescott Bush in 1937 concerning one such arrangement. The German-Atlantic Cable Company, owning Nazi Germany’s only telegraph channel to the United States, had made debt and management agreements with the Walker-Harriman bank during the 1920s. A new decree would now void those agreements, which had originally been reached with non-Nazi corporate officials. Dulles asked Bush, who managed these affairs for Averell Harriman, to get Averell’s signature on a letter to Nazi officials, agreeing to the changes. Dulles wrote:

Mr. Prescott S. Bush

59 Wall Street, New York, N.Y.

Dear Press,

I have looked over the letter of the German-American [sic] Cable Company to Averell Harriman…. It would appear that the only rights in the matter are those which inure in the bankers and that no legal embarrassment would result, so far as the bondholders are concerned, by your acquiescence in the modification of the bankers’ agreement.

Sincerely yours,

John Foster Dulles

Dulles enclosed a proposed draft reply, Bush got Harriman’s signature, and the changes went through.@s3@s6

In conjunction with these arrangements, the German Atlantic Cable Company attempted to stop payment on its debts to smaller American bondholders. The money was to be used instead for arming the Nazi state, under a decree of the Hitler government.

Despite the busy efforts of Bush and Dulles, a New York court decided that this particular Hitler “ law ” was invalid in the United States; small bondholders, not parties to deals between the bankers and the Nazis, were entitled to get paid.@s3@s7

In this and a few other of the attempted swindles, the intended victims came out with their money. But the Nazi financial and political reorganization went ahead to its tragic climax.

For his part in the Hitler revolution, Prescott Bush was paid a fortune.

This is the legacy he left to his son, President George Bush.

<a href="http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-2-the-hitler-project/">http://tarpley.net/online-books/george-bush-the-unauthorized-biography/chapter-2-the-hitler-project/</a>

----

hydra corrob jfd hid bush nazi connections p 16-

worked for Sullivan and Cromwell

?!

Alan D investgated for treason, docs destroyed by Nixon in navy in return for campaign funding?! p16

JF talked Ike into running