Bali COP 13

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">why would b43 make gore head?!</font></div><div><h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></h1><div><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bali 2007 cop 13 10 yrs after kyoto</font></p><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/dec/17/comment.world" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/dec/17/comment.world</a></font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">george m</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">16 dec </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We've been suckered again by the US. So far the Bali deal is worse than Kyoto</font></div><div>
</div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George Monbiot</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>America will keep on wrecking climate talks as long as those with vested interests in oil and gas fund its political system</b></font></div></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">afte<span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;">r 11 days of negotiations, governments have come up with a compromise deal that could even lead to emission increases. </span></span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">The highly compromised political deal is largely attributable to the position of the United States, which was heavily influenced by fossil fuel and automobile industry interests. The failure to reach agreement led to the talks spilling over into an all-night session."</span></font></div><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These are extracts from a press release by Friends of the Earth. So what? Well it was published on December 11 - I mean to say, December 11 1997. T<b>he US had just put a wrecking ball through the...Kyoto protocol. George Bush was innocent; he was busy executing prisoners in Texas. Its climate negotiators were led by Albert Arnold Gore...The European Union had asked for greenhouse gas cuts of 15% by 2010. Gore's team drove them down to 5.2% by 2012. Then the Americans did something worse: they destroyed the whole agreement.</b></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">Most of the other governments insisted that the cuts be made at home. But Gore demanded a series of loopholes big enough to drive a Hummer through. The rich nations, he said, should be allowed to buy their cuts from other countries.</b> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">When he won, the protocol created an exuberant global market in fake emissions cuts.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"> The western nations could buy "hot air" from the former Soviet Union. Because the cuts were made against emissions in 1990, and because industry in that bloc had subsequently collapsed, the former Soviet Union countries would pass well below the bar. Gore's scam allowed them to sell the gases they weren't producing to other nations. He also insisted that rich nations could buy nominal cuts from poor ones. Entrepreneurs in India and China have made billions by building factories whose primary purpose is to produce greenhouse gases, so that carbon traders in the rich world will pay to clean them up.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The result of this sabotage is that the market for low-carbon technologies has remained moribund.</b> Without an assured high value for carbon cuts, without any certainty that government policies will be sustained, companies have continued to invest in the safe commercial prospects offered by fossil fuels rather than gamble on a market without an obvious floor.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">By ensuring that the rich nations would not make real cuts, Gore also guaranteed that the poor ones scoffed when we asked them to do as we don't. When George Bush announced, in 2001, that he would not ratify the Kyoto protocol, the world cursed and stamped its foot. But his intransigence affected only the US. Gore's team ruined it for everyone.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The destructive power of the American delegation is not the only thing that hasn't changed. After the Kyoto protocol was agreed, the then British environment secretary, John Prescott, announced: "This is a truly historic deal which will help curb the problems of climate change. For the first time it commits developed countries to make legally binding cuts in their emissions." Ten years later, the current environment secretary, Hilary Benn, told us that "this is an historic breakthrough and a huge step forward. For the first time ever, all the world's nations have agreed to negotiate on a deal to tackle dangerous climate change." Do these people have a chip inserted?</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">In both cases, the US demanded terms that appeared impossible for the other nations to accept. Before Kyoto, the other negotiators flatly rejected Gore's proposals for emissions trading. So his team threatened to sink the talks. The other nations capitulated, but the US still held out on technicalities until the very last moment, when it suddenly appeared to concede. In 1997 and in 2007 it got the best of both worlds: it wrecked the treaty and was praised for saving it.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hilary Benn is an idiot. Our diplomats are suckers. American negotiators have pulled the same trick twice, and for the second time our governments have fallen for it.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">There are still two years to go, but so far the new agreement is even worse than the Kyoto protocol. It contains no targets and no dates.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"> A new set of guidelines also agreed at Bali extend and strengthen the worst of Gore's trading scams, the clean development mechanism</span><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">. Benn and the other dupes are cheering and waving their hats as the train leaves the station at last, having failed to notice that it is travelling in the wrong direction.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">Although Gore does a better job of governing now he is out of office, he was no George Bush. He wanted a strong, binding and meaningful protocol, but American politics had made it impossible. In July 1997, the Senate had voted 95-0 to sink any treaty which failed to treat developing countries in the same way as it treated the rich ones. Though they knew this was impossible for developing countries to accept, all the Democrats lined up with all the Republicans. The Clinton administration had proposed a compromise: instead of binding commitments for the developing nations, Gore would demand emissions trading. But even when he succeeded, he announced that "we will not submit this agreement for ratification [in the Senate] until key developing nations participate". Clinton could thus avoid an unwinnable war.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">So why, regardless of the character of its leaders, does the US act this way? Because, like several other modern democracies, it is subject to <b>two great corrupting forces. I have written before about the role of the corporate media - particularly in the US - in downplaying the threat of climate change and demonising anyone who tries to address it. I won't bore you with it again, except to remark that at 3pm eastern standard time on Saturday, there were 20 news items on the front page of the Fox News website. The climate deal came 20th, after "Bikini-wearing stewardesses sell calendar for charity</b>" and "Florida store sells 'Santa Hates You' T-shirt"</span><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Let us consider instead the other great source of corruption: campaign finance.</b> The Senate rejects effective action on climate change because its members are bought and bound by the companies that stand to lose. When you study the tables showing who gives what to whom, you are struck by two things.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One is the quantity. Since 1990, the energy and natural resources sector - mostly coal, oil, gas, logging and agribusiness - has given $418m to federal politicians in the US. Transport companies have given $355m. The other is the width: the undiscriminating nature of this munificence. The big polluters favour the Republicans, but most of them also fund Democrats. During the 2000 presidential campaign, oil and gas companies lavished money on Bush, but they also gave Gore $142,000, while transport companies gave him $347,000. The whole US political system is in hock to people who put their profits ahead of the biosphere.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So don't believe all this nonsense about waiting for the next president to sort it out. This is a much bigger problem than George Bush. Yes, he is viscerally opposed to tackling climate change. But viscera don't have much to do with it. Until the American people confront their political funding system, their politicians will keep speaking from the pocket, not the gut.</font></p><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bush killed kyoto but we are supposed to think this guy  karsner exxon bd help on Bali?</font></span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><span class="mw-headline"><font face="Times New Roman" /><div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font><div class="mw-parser-output"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman" /></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font><p style="font-size: large; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">After the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> held on the island of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Bali</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Indonesia</a> in December 2007, the participating nations adopted the <b>Bali Road Map</b> as a two-year process working towards finalizing a binding agreement at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a> in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Copenhagen</a>, Denmark</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. The conference encompassed meetings of several bodies, including the 13th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP 13) and the third Meeting of the Parties to the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Kyoto Protocol</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (MOP 3 or CMP 3).</span></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">The Bali Road Map includes the Bali Action Plan (BAP), which was adopted by Decision 1/CP.13 of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COP-13" class="mw-redirect" title="COP-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">COP-13</a>. It also includes the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup> negotiations and their 2009 deadline, the launch of the Adaptation Fund, the scope and content of the Article 9 review of the Kyoto Protocol, as well as decisions on technology transfer and on reducing emissions from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">deforestation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></p><div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 7px; display: table;"><ul style="font-size: large; list-style: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Bali_Action_Plan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;"><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Bali Action Plan</span></span></a><ul style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Cutting_emissions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Cutting emissions</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Mitigation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Mitigation</span></a><ul style="list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Forests" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.2.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Forests</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Adaptation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Adaptation</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Technology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Technology</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Finance" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Finance</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Ad_Hoc_Working_Groups" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Ad Hoc Working Groups</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#Timescales" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Timescales</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Bali_Action_Plan">Bali Action Plan</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h2><h3 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Cutting_emissions">Cutting emissions</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h3><p style="font-size: large; margin: 0.5em 0px;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The participating nations acknowledged that evidence for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">global warming</a> was <b>unequivocal, </b>and that humans must reduce emissions to reduce the risks of "severe climate change impacts"</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. The urgency in addressing climate change was accepted. There was a strong consensus for updated changes for both developed and developing countries. Although there were not specific numbers agreed upon in order to cut emissions, the decision recognized that there was a need for "deep cuts in global emissions" (several countries proposed 100% reductions by 2050) and that "developed country emissions must fall 10-40% by 2020".</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></p><h3 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Mitigation">Mitigation</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h3><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">Enhanced action on mitigation of climate change includes, inter alia:</p><ul style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationally_Appropriate_Mitigation_Action" title="Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments</a> or actions by all developed countries.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationally_Appropriate_Mitigation_Action" title="Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs)</a> by developing countries.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Cooperative sectorial approaches and sector-specific actions (CSAs).</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ways to strengthen the catalytic role of the convention.</li></ul><h4 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Forests">Forests</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h4><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;">See also: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REDD-plus" class="mw-redirect" title="REDD-plus" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">REDD-plus</a></div><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">The nations pledge "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy" title="Policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">policy</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/approach" class="extiw" title="wikt:approach" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">approaches</a> and positive incentives" on issues relating to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reducing_emissions_from_deforestation_and_forest_degradation" title="Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REDD" class="mw-redirect" title="REDD" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">REDD</a>) in developing countries; and enhancement of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_carbon_stock" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest carbon stock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">forest carbon stock</a> in developing countries This paragraph is referred to as “REDD-plus”.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></p><h3 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Adaptation">Adaptation</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h3><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">Participants agreed on enhanced co-operation to "support urgent implementation" of measures to protect poorer countries against climate change, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Adaptation_Programme_of_Action" title="National Adaptation Programme of Action" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">National Adaptation Programmes of Action</a> (NAPAs).</p><h3 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Technology">Technology</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h3><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">In <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Technology development" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">technology development</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_transfer" title="Technology transfer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">transfer</a>, the nations will consider how to facilitate the transfer of clean and renewable energy technologies from industrialised nations to the developing countries. This includes, inter alia:</p><ul style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Removal of obstacles to, and provision of financial and other incentives for, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scalability" title="Scalability" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">scaling up</a> the development and transfer of technology to developing country Parties in order to promote access to affordable <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmentally_sound_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmentally sound technology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">environmentally sound technologies</a> (renewable energies, electric vehicles).</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Ways to accelerate the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deployment" class="extiw" title="wikt:deployment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">deployment</a>, <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diffussion" class="extiw" title="wikt:diffussion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">diffussion</a> and transfer of such technologies.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Cooperation on research and development of current, new and innovative technology, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Win-win_solution" class="mw-redirect" title="Win-win solution" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">win-win solutions</a>.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The effectiveness of mechanism and tools for technology cooperation in specific sectors.</li></ul><h3 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Finance">Finance</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h3><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">Provision of financial resources and investment includes:</p><ul style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Improved access to predictable and sustainable financial resources and the provision of new and additional resources, including <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Official funding" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">official</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concessional_funding" class="mw-redirect" title="Concessional funding" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">concessional funding</a> for developing country Parties (dcP).</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_incentive" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive incentive" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Positive incentives</a> for dcP for national mitigation strategies and adaptation action.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Innovative means of funding for dcP that are particularly vulnerable to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_impacts_of_climate_change" class="mw-redirect" title="Adverse impacts of climate change" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">adverse impacts of climate change</a> in meeting the costs of adaptation.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Incentivisation of adaptation actions on the basis of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sustainable development</a> policies.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Mobilization of funding and investment, including facilitation of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate-friendly_investment" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate-friendly investment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">climate-friendly investment</a> choices.</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Financial and technical support for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacity-building" class="mw-redirect" title="Capacity-building" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">capacity-building</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assessment_of_cost" class="mw-redirect" title="Assessment of cost" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">assessment of costs</a> of adaptation in developing countries, to aid in determining their financial needs.</li></ul><h2 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Ad_Hoc_Working_Groups">Ad Hoc Working Groups</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h2><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">The Conference decided to establish two subsidiary bodies under the Convention to conduct the process, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup> and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP), which were to complete their work in 2009 and present the outcome to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COP15" class="mw-redirect" title="COP15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">COP15</a>/MOP 5.</p><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">The AWG-LCA and AWG-KP presented draft conclusions to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COP15" class="mw-redirect" title="COP15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">COP15 and CMP5</a>, which contained many unresolved issues. The working groups were subsequently asked to report to <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COP16" class="mw-redirect" title="COP16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">COP16 and CMP6</a> in Cancun, Mexico.</p><h2 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Timescales">Timescales</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h2><p style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;">Four major UNFCCC meetings to implement the Bali Road Map were planned for 2008, with the first to be held in either March or April and the second in June, with the third in either August or September followed by a major meeting in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Poznań</a>, Poland in December 2008. The negotiation process was scheduled to conclude at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009</a> in Copenhagen.</p><h2 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bali_Road_Map&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2><ul style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Agenda 21</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Small_Island_States" title="Alliance of Small Island States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alliance of Small Island States</a> (AOSIS)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_financing" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon financing" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Carbon financing</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_Technology_Initiative&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate Technology Initiative (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Climate Technology Initiative</a> (CTI)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Expert_Group_on_Technology_Transfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Expert Group on Technology Transfer (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Expert Group on Technology Transfer</a> (EGTT)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexibility_mechanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexibility mechanism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Flexibility mechanism</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Environment_Facility" title="Global Environment Facility" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Global Environment Facility</a> (GEF)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Assessment_Report_of_the_Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</a> (IPCC)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LULUCF" class="mw-redirect" title="LULUCF" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">LULUCF</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitoring,reporting_and_verification" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitoring, reporting and verification" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Monitoring, reporting and verification</a> (MRV)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Private_Financing_Advisory_Network&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Private Financing Advisory Network (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Private Financing Advisory Network</a> (PFAN)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_assessment" title="Risk assessment" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Risk assessment</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Technology_Needs_Assessment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technology Needs Assessment (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Technology Needs Assessment</a> (TNA)</li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UNDP</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-carbon_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-carbon economy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Zero-carbon economy</a></li></ul><h2 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bali_Road_Map&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none; white-space: nowrap;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></h2><div class="reflist" style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/4577.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Ad Hoc Working Group, AWG-KP"</a>. Unfccc.int. 18 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105130859/http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/4577.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> from the original on 5 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">16 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ad+Hoc+Working+Group%2C+AWG-KP&rft.pub=Unfccc.int&rft.date=2009-12-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fkyoto_protocol%2Fitems%2F4577.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABali+Road+Map" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"United Nations Climate Change Conference, 3–14 December, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, (COP 13 and CMP 3)"</a>. Unfccc.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100204002900/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">16 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference%2C+3%E2%80%9314+December%2C+Nusa+Dua%2C+Bali%2C+Indonesia%2C+%28COP+13+and+CMP+3%29&rft.pub=Unfccc.int&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fmeetings%2Fcop_13%2Fitems%2F4049.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABali+Road+Map" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217174041/http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Pew%20Center_COP%2013%20Summary.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pewclimate.org/docUploads/Pew%20Center_COP%2013%20Summary.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">4 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewclimate.org%2FdocUploads%2FPew%2520Center_COP%252013%2520Summary.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABali+Road+Map" class="Z3988" /></span></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.redd-monitor.org/redd-an-introduction/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"REDD: An introduction"</a>. REDD-Monitor. 23 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100109110739/http://www.redd-monitor.org/redd-an-introduction/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> from the original on 9 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ad+hoc+Working+Group+on+Long-term+Cooperative+Action+under+the+Convention+%28AWG-LCA%29&rft.pub=United+Nations+Framework+Convention+on+Climate+Change&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fbodies%2Fbody%2F6431.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABali+Road+Map" class="Z3988" /></span></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></h2><ul style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Part of the UNFCCC site dedicated to the Bali Roadmap</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7146132.stm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">BBC NEWS | Science/Nature | At a glance: Bali climate deal</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/cop_13/application/pdf/cp_bali_act_p.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Bali Action Plan (.pdf) on United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change gateway</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081116050330/http://unfccc.int/essential_background/convention/background/items/1349.php?minus=j" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Full text of the Framework Convention, agreed 9 May 1992</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071216095308/http://www.un.org/climatechange/blog/newsroom.shtml" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Conference official blog</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Video clips of key moments on the last session of the Conference and interviews with <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilary_Benn" title="Hilary Benn" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hilary Benn</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_Ebell" title="Myron Ebell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Myron Ebell</a> on Channel4 News: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/bali+a+deal+of+sorts/1189647" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Bali: a deal of sorts</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&priref=600005628#beg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Draft report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol on its tenth session</a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/documentation/documents/advanced_search/items/3594.php?rec=j&priref=600005642#beg" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" external-link-ltr-icon.svg="external-link-ltr-icon.svg" e54="e54" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Outcome of the work of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action under the Convention. Draft conclusions proposed by the Chair.</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-styles nomobile" style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Climate_change" style="font-size: large; background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); width: 1038.33px; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px;"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 1030.33px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" style="float: right; user-select: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: normal; 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display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Climate_change_policy" title="Category:Climate change policy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Climate change policy</a></li></ul></div></div></div></span></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></span></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GUK</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...<b times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-style="font-style" inherit="inherit" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" font-variant-caps="font-variant-caps">But 2007 will also be remembered as the year that climate change rose up the international agenda.</b><span times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" font-style="font-style" inherit="inherit" font-variant-ligatures="font-variant-ligatures" font-variant-caps="font-variant-caps" font-weight="font-weight"> T<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">he UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change won the Nobel peace prize and warned that if left unchecked, the world's average temperature could rise as much as 6C by the end of the century, killing hundreds of millions of people, destroying economies and changing all life.</span></span></font></div><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">World governments finally agreed in Bali to work together to try to stave off the worst effects. But in fraught negotiations that concluded last week, the US, the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, </span><b>tried to wreck the talks, was humiliated</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">, then finally signed up reluctantly to work towards a post Kyoto treaty.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The road to Copenhagen, where the concluding talks will be held in 2009, will be tortuous. The agreement failed to set a clear target for the cuts needed globally or in the developed world but it did address deforestation, and technology transfer to poor countries</span>.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The main US beef was with China, emerging in 2007 as a global ecological phenomenon</b></font></p><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://speakola.com/ideas/al-gore-bali-climate-change-conference-2007" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">https://speakola.com/ideas/al-gore-bali-climate-change-conference-2007</a></font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><header style="background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"><h1 class="entry-title" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.2em; line-height: 1.2em; letter-spacing: 0px;"><a href="https://speakola.com/ideas/al-gore-bali-climate-change-conference-2007" data-content-field="title" tabindex="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Gore: 'Our children will ask, what were you thinking?', Bali Climate Change Conference - 2007</font></a></h1><div class="meta"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="date" /></font></div></header><div class="body entry-content" style="margin: 1em 0px; background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"><div class="sqs-layout sqs-grid-12 columns-12" data-layout-label="Post Body" data-type="item" data-updated-on="1498619631923" id="item-59531d82725e2515fdf1a72a"><div class="row sqs-row" style="margin-left: -17px; margin-right: -17px; width: auto !important;"><div class="col sqs-col-12 span-12" style="float: left; width: 695px; padding-right: 0px;"><div class="sqs-block html-block sqs-block-html" data-block-type="2" id="block-35cf002ed47d8ca2df8d" style="position: relative; height: auto; padding: 0px 17px 17px; clear: none;"><div class="sqs-block-content" style="outline: none;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">14 December 2007, UN Bali Climate Change Conference, Bali, Indonesia</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We, the human species, face a planetary emergency. That phrase still sounds shrill to some ears but it is deadly accurate as a description of the situation that we now confront, and as Dr. Pachauri and his three thousand colleagues in the IPCC have freshly reminded us, the accumulation of greenhouse gases continues to trap more and more heat from the sun in our atmosphere, threatening the stable climate balance that has been an unappreciated by crucial assumption for the development of human civilization.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Just this week new evidence has been presented. I remember years ago listening to the scientists who specialise in the study of ice and snow express concern that some time towards the end of the 21st century we might even face the possibility of losing the entire north polar ice cap. I remember only three years ago when they revised their estimates to say it could happen halfway through the 21st century, by 2050.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I remember at the beginning of this year when I was shocked to hear them say along with others that it could happen in as little as 34 years and now, this week, they tell us it could completely disappear in as little as five to seven years.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One of the victims of the horrors of the Third Reich in Europe during World War II wrote a famous passage about the beginnings of the killings, and he said, "First I came for the Jews, and I was not a Jew, so I said nothing. Then, they came for the Gypsies, and I was not a Gypsy, so I said nothing," and he listed several other groups, and with each one he said nothing. Then, he said, they came for me.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For those who believed that this climate crisis was going to affect their grandchildren, and still said nothing, and were shaken a bit to hear that it would affect their children, and still said and did nothing, it is affecting us in the present generation, and it is up to us in this generation to solve this crisis.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A sense of urgency that is appropriate for this challenge is itself a challenge to our own moral imagination. It is up to us in this generation to see clearly and vividly exactly what is going on. Twenty of the 21 hottest years ever measured in atmospheric record have come in the last 25 years Ð the hottest of all in 2005, this year on track to be the second hottest of all. This is not natural variation. It is far beyond the bounds of natural variation and the scientists have told us so over and over again with increasing alarm.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But because our new relationship to the earth is unprecedented we have been slow to act. And because CO2 is invisible, it is easy for us to put the climate crisis out of sight and out of mind until we see the consequences beginning to unfold.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Despite a growing number of honourable exceptions, too many of the world's leaders are still best described in the words Winston Churchill used in 1938 when he described those who were ignoring the threat posed by Adolf Hitler. He said, and I quote: "They go on in strange paradox, decided only be undecided, resolved only to be irresolute, adamant for drift, solid for fluidity, all powerful to be impotent."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I am not an official of the United States and I am not bound by the diplomatic niceties. So I am going to speak an inconvenient truth. My own country, the United States, is principally responsible for obstructing progress here in Bali. We all know that, but my country is not the only one that can take steps to ensure that we move forward from Bali with progress and with hope.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Those of you who applauded when I spoke openly about the diplomatic truth here have a choice to make. You can do one of two things here. You can feel anger and frustration and direct it at the United States of America, or you can make a second choice. You can decide to move forward and do all of the difficult work that needs to be done and save an open, large, blank space in your document, and put a footnote by it, and when you look at the footnote, write the description of the footnote: This document is incomplete, but we are going to move forward anyway, on the hope, and I'm going to describe for you why I think you can also have the realistic expectation, that that blank will be filled in.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is the beginning of a process that is designed to culminate in Copenhagen two years from now. Over the next two years the United States is going to be somewhere it is not now. You must anticipate that.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Targets must be part of the treaty that is adopted in Cophenhagen, and the treaty, by the way, should not only be adopted in 2009. I urge you, in this mandate, to move the target for full implementation of this treaty to a point two years sooner than contemplated. Let's have it take effect in 2010 and not 2012. We can't afford to wait another five years to replace the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So, we must leave here with a strong mandate. This is not the time for business as usual. Somehow we have to summon, and each of you must summon a sense of urgency here in Bali...</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...I don't know how to tell you how you can find the grace to navigate around this enormous obstacle, this elephant in the room that I've just been undiplomatic enough to name, but I'm asking you to do it...</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Just in the last few days, on the eve of this meeting, I have received more than 350,000 emails from Americans asking me to say to you: "We're going to change in the United States of America."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During this upcoming two-year period there will be a national election in the United States. One year and 40 days from today there will be a new inauguration in the United States.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I must tell you candidly that I cannot promise that the person who is elected will have the position I expect they will have. But I can tell you that I believe it is quite likely.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If you decide to continue the progress that has already been made here on all of the items other than the targets and timetables for mandatory reductions; on the hope (and with the expectation) that, before this process is concluded in Copenhagen, you will be able to fill in that blank (with the help of a different position from the United States) then you can make great progress here.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For starters, that means a plan that fully funds an ambitious adaptation fund, to build an adaptive capacity in the most vulnerable countries to confront the climate crisis. It means creating truly innovative means for technology transfer, to allow for mobilising technology and capital throughout the world.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We need a deforestation prevention plan. Deforestation accounts for 20 percent of global carbon emissions - the equivalent to the total emissions of the US or China. It is difficult to forge such an agreement here.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Believe me if I could snap my fingers and change the position of the United States of America, and change the position of some other countries, and make it instantly much easier to move forward with targets and timetables, I would do so in an instant. But if we look realistically at the situation that confronts us, then wisdom would call for moving forward in spite of that obstacle.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I can tell you that there is a growing realisation all over the world - including in my country - beyond these actions that have already been taken that I've described to you. Mothers and fathers, grandparents, community leaders, business leaders, all around the world, are beginning to look much more clearly at what is involved here.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...These are not a political problems. They are moral imperatives, but our capacity to strip away the disguise, and see them for what they really are, and then find the basis to act together, to successfully address them, is what is missing.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The greatest opportunity inherent in this climate crisis is not only to quickly deploy the new technologies that will facilitate sustainable development, and create the new jobs and to lift standards of living. The greatest opportunity is that in rising to meet the climate crisis, we in our generation will find the moral authority and capacity for long term vision to get our act together in this world and to take on these other crises, not political problems, and solve them.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We are one people on one planet. We have one future, one destiny We must pursue it together, and we can.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The great Spanish poet from Sevilla, Antonio Machado, wrote, "Pathwalker, there is no path. You must make the path as you walk." There is no path from Bali to Copenhagen unless you make it. It's impossible given the positions of the powerful countries, including my own, and the instructions from which they are not going to depart, but you can make new path. You can make a path that goes around that blank spot, and you can go forward.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There are two paths you can choose. They lead to two different futures. Not too long from now, when our children assess what you did here in Bali, what we and our generation did here in this world, as they look backward at 2007, they will ask one of two questions. I don't which one they will ask. I know which one I prefer that they ask, but trust me, they will ask one of these two questions.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">They'll look back, and either they will ask "What were you thinking? Didn't you hear the IPCC four times unanimously warning the world to act? Didn't you see the glaciers melting? Didn't you see the North Polar ice cap disappearing? Didn't you see the deserts growing, and the droughts deepening, and the crops drying up? Didn't you see the sea level rising? Didn't you see the floods? Didn't you pay attention to what was going on? Didn't you care? What were you thinking?"</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Or they will ask a second question, one that I'd much prefer them to ask. I want them to look back on this time, and ask: "How did you find the moral courage to successfully address a crisis that so many said was impossible to address? How were you able to start the process that unleashed the moral imagination of humankind to see ourselves as a single, global civilization?" And when they ask that question, I want you to tell them that you saw it as a privilege to be alive at a moment when a relatively small group of people could control the destiny of all generations to come.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1em; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Instead of shaking our heads at the difficulty of this task, and saying "Woe is us. This is impossible. How can we do this? We're so mad at the ones that are making it impossible," we ought to feel a sense of joy that we have work that is worth doing that is so important to the future of all humankind. We ought to feel a sense of exhilaration that we are the people alive at a moment in history when we can make all the difference.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.6em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That's who you are. You have everything that you need. We have everything we need, save political will, but political will is a renewable resource.</font></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="entry-source" id="yui_3_17_2_1_1634859017626_1777" style="background-color: rgb(252, 252, 252);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Source: <a href="http://www.irregulartimes.com/gorebalispeech.html" target="blank" tabindex="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">http://www.irregulartimes.com/gorebalispee...</a></font></div></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/dec/17/comment.world" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/dec/17/comment.world</a></font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">george m</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">16 dec </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We've been suckered again by the US. So far the Bali deal is worse than Kyoto</font></div><div>
</div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George Monbiot</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>America will keep on wrecking climate talks as long as those with vested interests in oil and gas fund its political system</b></font></div></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">
</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">afte<span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit;">r 11 days of negotiations, governments have come up with a compromise deal that could even lead to emission increases. </span></span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">The highly compromised political deal is largely attributable to the position of the United States, which was heavily influenced by fossil fuel and automobile industry interests. The failure to reach agreement led to the talks spilling over into an all-night session."</span></font></div><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These are extracts from a press release by Friends of the Earth. So what? Well it was published on December 11 - I mean to say, December 11 1997. T<b>he US had just put a wrecking ball through the...Kyoto protocol. George Bush was innocent; he was busy executing prisoners in Texas. Its climate negotiators were led by Albert Arnold Gore...The European Union had asked for greenhouse gas cuts of 15% by 2010. Gore's team drove them down to 5.2% by 2012. Then the Americans did something worse: they destroyed the whole agreement.</b></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">Most of the other governments insisted that the cuts be made at home. But Gore demanded a series of loopholes big enough to drive a Hummer through. The rich nations, he said, should be allowed to buy their cuts from other countries.</b> <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">When he won, the protocol created an exuberant global market in fake emissions cuts.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"> The western nations could buy "hot air" from the former Soviet Union. Because the cuts were made against emissions in 1990, and because industry in that bloc had subsequently collapsed, the former Soviet Union countries would pass well below the bar. Gore's scam allowed them to sell the gases they weren't producing to other nations. He also insisted that rich nations could buy nominal cuts from poor ones. Entrepreneurs in India and China have made billions by building factories whose primary purpose is to produce greenhouse gases, so that carbon traders in the rich world will pay to clean them up.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The result of this sabotage is that the market for low-carbon technologies has remained moribund.</b> Without an assured high value for carbon cuts, without any certainty that government policies will be sustained, companies have continued to invest in the safe commercial prospects offered by fossil fuels rather than gamble on a market without an obvious floor.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">By ensuring that the rich nations would not make real cuts, Gore also guaranteed that the poor ones scoffed when we asked them to do as we don't. When George Bush announced, in 2001, that he would not ratify the Kyoto protocol, the world cursed and stamped its foot. But his intransigence affected only the US. Gore's team ruined it for everyone.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The destructive power of the American delegation is not the only thing that hasn't changed. After the Kyoto protocol was agreed, the then British environment secretary, John Prescott, announced: "This is a truly historic deal which will help curb the problems of climate change. For the first time it commits developed countries to make legally binding cuts in their emissions." Ten years later, the current environment secretary, Hilary Benn, told us that "this is an historic breakthrough and a huge step forward. For the first time ever, all the world's nations have agreed to negotiate on a deal to tackle dangerous climate change." Do these people have a chip inserted?</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">In both cases, the US demanded terms that appeared impossible for the other nations to accept. Before Kyoto, the other negotiators flatly rejected Gore's proposals for emissions trading. So his team threatened to sink the talks. The other nations capitulated, but the US still held out on technicalities until the very last moment, when it suddenly appeared to concede. In 1997 and in 2007 it got the best of both worlds: it wrecked the treaty and was praised for saving it.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hilary Benn is an idiot. Our diplomats are suckers. American negotiators have pulled the same trick twice, and for the second time our governments have fallen for it.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">There are still two years to go, but so far the new agreement is even worse than the Kyoto protocol. It contains no targets and no dates.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);"> A new set of guidelines also agreed at Bali extend and strengthen the worst of Gore's trading scams, the clean development mechanism</span><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">. Benn and the other dupes are cheering and waving their hats as the train leaves the station at last, having failed to notice that it is travelling in the wrong direction.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">Although Gore does a better job of governing now he is out of office, he was no George Bush. He wanted a strong, binding and meaningful protocol, but American politics had made it impossible. In July 1997, the Senate had voted 95-0 to sink any treaty which failed to treat developing countries in the same way as it treated the rich ones. Though they knew this was impossible for developing countries to accept, all the Democrats lined up with all the Republicans. The Clinton administration had proposed a compromise: instead of binding commitments for the developing nations, Gore would demand emissions trading. But even when he succeeded, he announced that "we will not submit this agreement for ratification [in the Senate] until key developing nations participate". Clinton could thus avoid an unwinnable war.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">So why, regardless of the character of its leaders, does the US act this way? Because, like several other modern democracies, it is subject to <b>two great corrupting forces. I have written before about the role of the corporate media - particularly in the US - in downplaying the threat of climate change and demonising anyone who tries to address it. I won't bore you with it again, except to remark that at 3pm eastern standard time on Saturday, there were 20 news items on the front page of the Fox News website. The climate deal came 20th, after "Bikini-wearing stewardesses sell calendar for charity</b>" and "Florida store sells 'Santa Hates You' T-shirt"</span><span style="background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);">.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Let us consider instead the other great source of corruption: campaign finance.</b> The Senate rejects effective action on climate change because its members are bought and bound by the companies that stand to lose. When you study the tables showing who gives what to whom, you are struck by two things.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">One is the quantity. Since 1990, the energy and natural resources sector - mostly coal, oil, gas, logging and agribusiness - has given $418m to federal politicians in the US. Transport companies have given $355m. The other is the width: the undiscriminating nature of this munificence. The big polluters favour the Republicans, but most of them also fund Democrats. During the 2000 presidential campaign, oil and gas companies lavished money on Bush, but they also gave Gore $142,000, while transport companies gave him $347,000. The whole US political system is in hock to people who put their profits ahead of the biosphere.</font></p><p class="dcr-1jp9ryy" style="margin: 0px 0px 1rem; font-size: small; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(254, 249, 245);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So don't believe all this nonsense about waiting for the next president to sort it out. This is a much bigger problem than George Bush. Yes, he is viscerally opposed to tackling climate change. But viscera don't have much to do with it. Until the American people confront their political funding system, their politicians will keep speaking from the pocket, not the gut.</font></p><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">TALK</span></font></div><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">
</span></font></div><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">SOMEONE PEGGED BROCHURE</span></font></div><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span dir="ltr">
</span></font></div><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section" style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="id" data-mw-comment="{" type="type" heading="heading" level="level" h-bali_kyoto_montreal_montr="h-bali_kyoto_montreal_montr" u00e9al-2007-12-16t01:00="u00e9al-2007-12-16T01:00" replies="replies" c-hopiakuta-2007-12-16t01:00="c-Hopiakuta-2007-12-16T01:00" u00e9al="u00e9al" headinglevel="headingLevel" placeholderheading="placeholderHeading" false="false" xmlns:c-hopiakuta-2007-12-16t01="c-hopiakuta-2007-12-16t01" xmlns:u00e9al-2007-12-16t01="u00e9al-2007-12-16t01"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">bali </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">kyoto </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">montreal </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">montréal </a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-bali_kyoto_montreal_montréal-2007-12-16T01:00:00.000Z"><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></span></span></font></h2><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Hopiakuta-2007-12-16T01:00:00.000Z-bali_kyoto_montreal_montréal" style="position: relative; top: -1em;">< <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7141660.stm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7141660.stm</a> >:</span></font></li></ul><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"We don't have to resolve all these issues... here in Bali," she said.</font></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hopiakuta" title="User:Hopiakuta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[[ hopiakuta </a>Please do <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign" title="Sign" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sign </a>your <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature" title="Signature" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">signature </a>on your <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message" title="Message" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">message</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"> </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thank You. </a>-]] 14:20, 13 December :2007 (UTC)</font></p><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">< <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/bali.agreement/?iref=mpstoryview" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/12/15/bali.agreement/?iref=mpstoryview</a> >:</font></li></ul><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>BALI, Indonesia (CNN) -- In a dramatic reversal Saturday, the United States rejected and then accepted a compromise to set the stage for intense negotiations in the next two years aimed at reducing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide_emission" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon dioxide emission" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">carbon dioxide emissions</a> worldwide.</b></font></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">art.balikids.jpg</font></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Protesters gather outside the conference center in Bali as delegates discuss climate change.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House" title="White House" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">White House</a>, however, said in a statement that it still has "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">serious </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbon_monoxide_emission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbon monoxide emission (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">concerns</a>" about the agreement.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The negotiations must proceed on the view that the problem of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">climate change </a>cannot be adequately addressed through commitments for emissions cuts by developed countries alone. Major developing economies must likewise act," the White House said.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming_pact&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Global warming pact (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">global warming pact</a>, negotiating rounds would end in 2009.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The head of the U.S. delegation, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula_Dobriansky" title="Paula Dobriansky" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">Paula Dobriansky</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersecretary_of_state_for_democracy_and_global_affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Undersecretary of state for democracy and global affairs" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">undersecretary of state for democracy and global affairs</a>, announced the United States was rejecting the plan. Her comments were met by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boo" class="mw-disambig" title="Boo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none;">booing</a> from other delegations.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The White House said the negotiations must "clearly differentiate" and link responsibility with the level of emissions, size of the economy and energy use among developing countries.</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In our view, such smaller and less developed countries are entitled to receive more differentiated treatment so as to more truly reflect their special needs and circumstances," the statement said.</font></dd></dl><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After Dobriansky's announcement, a delegate from the developing country of Papua New Guinea challenged the United States to "either <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lead,follow_or_get_out_of_the_way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lead, follow or get out of the way (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">lead, follow or get out of the way</a>."</font></dd></dl><dl style="margin-top: 0.2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><dd style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.4em 1.6em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Five minutes later, when it appeared the conference was on the brink of collapse, Dobriansky took the floor again to say the United States was willing to accept the arrangement. Applause erupted in the hall and a relative level of success for the conference appeared certain.</font></dd></dl><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Conrad" title="Kevin Conrad" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kevin Conrad </a>of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Papua New Guinea</a>; I did not hear him mention <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Paine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Paine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tom Paine</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas Paine</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Paine(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thomas Paine (disambiguation)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas_Paine(disambiguation)</a>.</font></li></ul><ul style="list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">< <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://google.com/search?q=%22lead+follow+or+get+out+of+the+way%22+%22kevin+conrad%22+%22tom+paine%22+%22%22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word">http://google.com/search?q=%22lead+follow+or+get+out+of+the+way%22+%22kevin+conrad%22+%22tom+paine%22+%22%22</a> >.</font></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Hopiakuta" title="User:Hopiakuta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[[ hopiakuta </a>Please do <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign" title="Sign" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">sign </a>your <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signature" title="Signature" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">signature </a>on your <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message" title="Message" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">message</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"> </a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thank You. </a>-]] 01:00, 16 December 2007 (UTC)<span data-mw-comment-end="c-Hopiakuta-2007-12-16T01:00:00.000Z-bali_kyoto_montreal_montréal" /></font></p><h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section" style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id=".22Crumpled.22"><span class="mw-headline" id="id" crumpled="Crumpled" data-mw-comment="{" type="type" heading="heading" level="level" h="h" t23:16="T23:16" replies="replies" c-vernon39-2007-12-25t23:16="c-Vernon39-2007-12-25T23:16" headinglevel="headingLevel" placeholderheading="placeholderHeading" false="false" xmlns:c-vernon39-2007-12-25t23="c-vernon39-2007-12-25t23" xmlns:t23="t23"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-" crumpled="Crumpled" t23:16="T23:16" style="position: relative; top: -1em;" xmlns:t23="t23">"Crumpled"<span data-mw-comment-end="h-" crumpled="Crumpled" t23:16="T23:16" xmlns:t23="t23"><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></span></span></span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Vernon39-2007-12-25T23:16:00.000Z-" crumpled="Crumpled" style="position: relative; top: -1em;">I have reverted the unsigned edit which added "crumpled and" to the following text:</span></font></p><blockquote style="overflow: hidden; margin: 1em 0px; padding: 8px 32px; border-left: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Following these remarks, Dr. Dobriansky crumpled and declared that the U.S. would agree to the consensus and be involved in the climate treaty. "</font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">as the expression seems to me expressing a point of view. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Vernon39" title="User:Vernon39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Vernon White</a> <b><sup style="line-height: 1;"><small><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Vernon39" title="User talk:Vernon39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">. . . Talk </a></small></sup></b>23:16, 25 December 2007 (UTC)<span data-mw-comment-end="c-Vernon39-2007-12-25T23:16:00.000Z-" crumpled="Crumpled" /></font></p><h2 class="ext-discussiontools-init-section" style="margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">...</font></h2></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr;"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The <b>2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference</b> took place at the Bali International Conference Centre, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa_Dua" title="Nusa Dua" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nusa Dua</a>, in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali" title="Bali" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bali</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indonesia</a>, between December 3 and December 15, 2007 (though originally planned to end on 14 December). Representatives from over 180 countries attended, together with observers from intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-UNCOP13_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_note-UNCOP13-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup> </font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" style="" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The conference encompassed meetings of several bodies, including the 13th Conference of the Parties to the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b style="">COP 13</b>), </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the 3rd Meeting of the Parties to the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol" title="Kyoto Protocol" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Kyoto Protocol</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> (</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">MOP 3</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> or CMP 3), together with other subsidiary bodies and a meeting of ministers.</span><sup id="cite_ref-UNCOP13_1-1" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_note-UNCOP13-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Negotiations on a successor to the Kyoto Protocol dominated the conference</b>. A meeting of environment ministers and experts held in June called on the conference to agree on a road-map, timetable and 'concrete steps for the negotiations' with a view to reaching an agreement by 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup> It has been debated whether this global meeting on climate change has achieved anything significant at all.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Initial EU proposals called for global emissions to peak in 10 to 15 years and decline "well below half" of the 2000 level by 2050 for developing countries and for developed countries to achieve emissions levels 20-40% below 1990 levels by 2020. </b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>The United States strongly opposed these numbers, at times backed by Japan, Canada, Australia and Russia. The resulting compromise mandates "deep cuts in global emissions" with references to the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report.</b><sup id="cite_ref-UNCOP13_1-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_note-UNCOP13-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1em; width: 238px; line-height: 1.25em; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><img alt="" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/40px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="22" class="noviewer" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/60px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/80px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" /></font></td><td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 156.766px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wikinews has related news:</font><div><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: inherit;"><li style="margin-bottom: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Category:2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference</font></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Communiqu%C3%A9" title="Bali Communiqué" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bali Communiqué</a> from 150 global business leaders</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Road_Map" title="Bali Road Map" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Bali Road Map</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post%E2%80%93Kyoto_Protocol_negotiations_on_greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Post–Kyoto Protocol negotiations on greenhouse gas emissions</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bali_Declaration_by_Climate_Scientists" title="Bali Declaration by Climate Scientists" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Bali Declaration by Climate Scientists</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><cite id="CITEREFMüller,B.2008" class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Müller, B. (February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordclimatepolicy.org/publications/documents/comment_0208-2.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Bali 2007: On the road again!"</a> <span class="cs1-format" style="">(PDF)</span>. Oxford Energy and Environment Comment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2009-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bali+2007%3A+On+the+road+again%21&rft.pub=Oxford+Energy+and+Environment+Comment&rft.date=2008-02&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordclimatepolicy.org%2Fpublications%2Fdocuments%2Fcomment_0208-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2007+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988" /></font></li></ul><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-UNCOP13-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_ref-UNCOP13_1-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_ref-UNCOP13_1-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_ref-UNCOP13_1-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"United Nations Climate Change Conference"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United Nations</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070820053840/http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Archived</a> from the original on 20 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2007-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funfccc.int%2Fmeetings%2Fcop_13%2Fitems%2F4049.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2007+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">^{</a></b></span> }<span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080612113122/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/06/14/europe/EU-GEN-Sweden-Environment-Conference.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Environment leaders say U.N. summit should set timeline for post-Kyoto agreement"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Herald_Tribune" title="International Herald Tribune" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">International Herald Tribune</a>. 2007-06-14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/06/14/europe/EU-GEN-Sweden-Environment-Conference.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">the original</a> on June 12, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">2007-08-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Environment+leaders+say+U.N.+summit+should+set+timeline+for+post-Kyoto+agreement&rft.pub=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.date=2007-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2007%2F06%2F14%2Feurope%2FEU-GEN-Sweden-Environment-Conference.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2007+United+Nations+Climate+Change+Conference" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; 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padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 166.766px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:2007_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference</a></span>.</font></td></tr></tbody></table><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unfccc.int/meetings/cop_13/items/4049.php" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">The United Nations Climate Change Conference in Bali</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNFCCC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNFCCC" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">UNFCCC</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111006155502/http://www.climate.web.id/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" overflow-wrap="overflow-wrap" break-word="break-word"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://web.archive.org/web/20111006155502/http://www.climate.web.id/</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7136486.stm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Bali summit mini-site</a> from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">BBC News</a></font></li></ul><h3 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 1.6;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="News">News</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h3><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 18, 2007, <i>Sydney Morning Herald</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2007/12/17/1197740183601.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Answer to hot air was in fact a chilling blunder</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 17, 2007, <i>Guardian unlimited</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/Columnists/Column/0,,2228609,00.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"We've been suckered again by the US. So far the Bali deal is worse than Kyoto" by George Monbiot, <i>Guardian</i></a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 16, 2007, <i>Guardian unlimited</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/story/0,,2228422,00.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"At last, some wisdom on global warming" <i>Observer</i> leading article</a>.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 15, 2007, <i>Bloomberg.com</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601091&sid=a70r5MZ3qyEw" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">U.S. & Developing Nations Compromise on Climate Talks</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 15, 2007, <i>Reuters</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL1529739920071215?sp=true" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Chronology: U.S. U-turn brings Bali climate deal</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 15, 2007, <i>Reuters</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUSL1566501" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">High and low points of Bali climate talks</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 14, 2007, <i>India eNews</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071217213207/http://www.indiaenews.com/asia/20071214/86124.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">US throws climate change summit out of gear at last moment</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 13, 2007, <i>India eNews</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080803223519/http://www.indiaenews.com/asia/20071213/86116.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Al Gore's oratory electrifies Bali summit</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 3, 2007, <i>Reuters</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSSP26402220071203?sp=true" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Australia steals show at Bali climate talks</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 3, 2007, <i>New York Times</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/03/world/asia/03bali.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Climate Talks Take on Added Urgency After Report</a></font></li></ul><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_Nations_climate_change_conferences" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); 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</font></div><div><div class="dcr-1nupfq9" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; grid-area: headline / headline / headline / headline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="dcr-krkkhw" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 620px;"><div class="dcr-13a2edo" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 36px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><h1 class="dcr-125vfar" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 4px 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 500; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">back from the brink</font></h1></div></div></div><div class="dcr-zjgnrw" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; grid-area: standfirst / standfirst / standfirst / standfirst; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-print-layout="hide" class=" dcr-mj1r7n" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 12px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 20px; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 540px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Governments finally agreed in Bali to work together to combat climate change, but challenges created by the rise of Homo urbanus rule out complacency, says </font><a rel="author" data-link-name="auto tag link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/profile/johnvidal" style="font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">John Vidal</font></a></div></div><div class="dcr-1aul2ye" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; grid-area: meta / meta / meta / meta; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="dcr-krkkhw" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; max-width: 620px;"><div class=" dcr-ss9mnu" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="dcr-1eucl2a" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 2px 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="dcr-fj5ypv" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-direction: column;"><div style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="dcr-4tgv3s" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 6px; padding: 2px 0px 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wed 19 Dec 2007 </font></div></div></div><div data-print-layout="hide" class="dcr-15yir0q" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 6px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; -webkit-box-pack: justify; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap;"><div class=" dcr-136ng6c" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 0px; border-width: 1px 0px 0px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: initial; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: rgb(220, 220, 220); border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-box-flex: 1; flex-grow: 1;"><ul class="dcr-1n0u3w8" style="box-sizing: inherit; 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flex-grow: 1; -webkit-box-pack: end; justify-content: flex-end;"><div class="dcr-1ozgk8l" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: flex-start;"><div id="share-count-root" class="meta-number" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div id="comment-count-root" class="meta-number" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="dcr-185kcx9" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; grid-area: body / body / body / body; z-index: 3;"><main class="dcr-koi18p" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-box-flex: 1; flex-grow: 1; z-index: 1;"><main class="dcr-myhfeo" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; width: 620px;"><div tabindex="0" id="maincontent" class="dcr-1fud97m" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px;"><div class="article-body-commercial-selector article-body-viewer-selector dcr-ucgxn1" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative;"><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How did the human race get on in 2007? On an evolutionary level, you could argue the species had a fabulously successful year. It increased its numbers by more than 80 million people, dominated all other lifeforms, and suffered no major setbacks. Most of its 6.5bn members lived longer than they could have expected only 30 years ago, moved around and traded with each other more than ever, and mostly survived whatever the natural world chucked at them.,,,. In the next few months, the UN will declare that we have transmuted to an urban species, with more people in cities than the countryside. Only 100 years ago, nearly all humanity was made up of people who worked and lived close to where they grew or collected food, and who adapted their lives to the resources they had to hand. Homo sapiens - or urbanus - is now increasingly grouping together and engineering environments for its sole use...."The world's urban map is being redrawn," David Satterthwaite, a senior fellow with the International Institute for Environment and Development, declared in October. Africa has a larger urban population than North America with 25 of the world's fastest-growing large cities. Half of the world's urban population in 2007 lived in Asia, and Europe's share of the world's 100 largest cities has fallen from more than half to less than 10% in the last century. It now has none of the world's 100 fastest-growing cities.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But 2007 will also be remembered as the year that climate change rose up the international agenda.</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> T</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">he UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change won the Nobel peace prize and warned that if left unchecked, the world's average temperature could rise as much as 6C by the end of the century, killing hundreds of millions of people, destroying economies and changing all life.</span></span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span style="font-weight: inherit;">World governments finally agreed in Bali to work together to try to stave off the worst effects. But in fraught negotiations that concluded last week, the US, the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, </span><b>tried to wreck the talks, was humiliated</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">, then finally signed up reluctantly to work towards a post Kyoto treaty.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The road to Copenhagen, where the concluding talks will be held in 2009, will be tortuous. The agreement failed to set a clear target for the cuts needed globally or in the developed world but it did address deforestation, and technology transfer to poor countries</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The main US beef was with China, emerging in 2007 as a global ecological phenomenon.</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> It not only almost certainly overtook the US as the single biggest emitter of greenhouse gases, but it scoured developing countries for natural resources to fuel its industrial revolution. Last year, it used 48% of the world supply of cement, and while it has only four of the world's 100 largest cities, it has a number in the richest 100. It also has many of the most polluted on earth. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">The US demanded that it was only fair that it cuts its own emissions, even if, on a per capita basis, the 1,200 million Chinese emit only a quarter of the average American. Furthermore, by the end of the year, it was clear that nearly 30% of China's emissions were linked to its exports and arguably are the shared responsibility of rich nations.</span></span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Like other rapidly developing countries, China pursued two separate development paths. One unfettered, breakneck growth powered by coal and oil, the other exploring the possibilities of a low resource economy based on green energy and new technologies. In 2007 China committed itself to building as many as 300 eco-cities to house nearly 300 million people expected to leave the countryside in the next 30 years; and as fast as it opened giant new coal power stations, it also developed wind and solar power plants. The next few years will show which path leads to the future</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>The bulk of evidence, though, suggested no country was really adapting consumption to scarce resources</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">. A landmark UN study, called the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment report, conducted by 1,300 experts from 95 countries, showed in March that roughly 60% of the ecosystem services supporting life on earth - regulation of fresh water, fisheries, air and water as well as of regional climate, natural hazards and pests - are being seriously degraded or used unsustainably. It warned of new diseases, sudden changes in water quality, the creation of "dead zones" along the coasts, the collapse of fisheries, and shifts in regional climate.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Top of its list of immediate challenges surprisingly was not climate change, but land degradation. This, said the scientists, risked destabilising societies, endangering food security and increasing poverty. Some 40% of the world's agricultural land especially in Central America, Africa, and Asia is unsuitable for farming because it has lost soil through flooding, poor irrigation or bad farming.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The rush for resources led to prices of food, oil, land and most other commodities soaring. Agri-businesses from Iowa to South Africa turned to growing biofuels in 2007 with a vengeance. Instead of food for people, millions of acres of US land was turned to growing fuels for vehicles. Indonesia, Africa, Latin America and India all determined to follow, and swaths of tropical forest was felled.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>Meanwhile, as a direct result of demand, the price of oil rose from $55 a barrel in January 2007 to more than $90 by the end of the year, raising food prices and tensions even further across the world</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="font-weight: inherit;">As companies mostly failed to replenish their oil reserves, a race developed for unconventional sources of energy. Venezuela and some areas of the US and Canada are now in the frontline of massive opencast mining operations to extract oil from shales and </span><b>tar sands.</b></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Agriculture further consolidated into the hands of ever fewer companies. Syngenta, Bayer, Monsanto, BASF, Dow and DuPont now control nearly 85% of the $30 bn annual pesticide market; Cargill, Archer Daniels and Bunge control nearly 90% of global grain trade; a handful of firms account for about half the world sales of seeds, of which about a quarter are sales of genetically engineered seeds.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the tumultuous year of change and transition ended with the human race signalling that it was at least prepared to act in some kind of unison. Whether the 180 countries that met in Bali can now really shift their economies to meet climate change will define the age. But we won't know that for some years.</font></p><h2 class="" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.15; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reverse Swing</font></h2><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>If 2006 was the year that leaders competed to vow action on the environment, 2007 was when everything seemed to go backwards in the UK:</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"> when the government resisted calls from scientists, the public, and even business for far stricter targets and timetables to control greenhouse gas emissions; when greenbelts became endangered species and roads were widened at a cost of £1,000 an inch; when rubbish made the front pages.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The year started with the Bernard Matthews turkey empire finding it had imported bird flu. The own goals continued with foot and mouth disease escaping from a government-run laboratory near Guildford, and then the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs letting it break out again. When bluetongue arrived in East Anglia in September, Britain became the only western country to have had outbreaks of three major notifiable animal diseases in a year.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>Hilary Benn took over as environment secretary from David Miliband in July,</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;"> and was plunged into the worst floods Yorkshire and Gloucestershire had known in years. He was also pitched into the bitter rubbish wars, and bamboozled by the Daily Mail-led campaign to abandon plans to try fortnightly waste collections and continental-style bin taxes. He probably wished he was back in Kinshasa.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>Environment groups concentrated on climate change, but their combined muscle and membership - augmented by Oxfam, Christian Aid and the World Development Movement - was not enough to persuade the Treasury to allow more than a 60% emission cut target by 2050</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">. This seemed breathtakingly cynical, as it was based on 15-year-old research, and did not include aviation or shipping emissions. It also ran counter to the government's own evidence in 2007, showing that climate change was happening here fast.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>Gordon Brown promised to review the 60% target, but was accused of ceding international leadership on climate change</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">. Then the Department for Business, Enterprise & Regulatory Reform (Berr) was caught plotting to lower renewable targets, and trying to pre-empt consultations on nuclear power.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A high court judge sided with Greenpeace's challenge and ordered a new consultation, but this too was accused of partiality. Greenpeace is expected to return to the courts in the new year.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b>To compensate, Berr rolled out plans for windfarms all round Britain</b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">. No one believed them, however, because they were remarkably similar to ones never acted on five years ago.</span></font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Meanwhile, the foundations were laid in 2007 for a new business-led planning system allowing developers to rush through plans for major infrastructural projects such as airport expansions.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For much of middle England, though, the big issue was housing and plans for 2m new homes, many on cherished greenfield and greenbelt land. The government insisted that the mainstay of local environmental protection for the last 50 years was quite safe, but developers were encouraged to submit plans that would eradicate nearly 10,000 acres.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Two campaigns in 2007 suggested that the grassroots were stirring. More than 80 towns and communities unilaterally decided to ignore supermarkets and governments and ditch the use of plastic bags, and nearly 40 anti-airport expansion groups sprang up.</font></p><p class="dcr-s23rjr" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: inherit; box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Opposition to aviation expansion came from very different quarters. The 3.5m-strong National Trust joined local communities to take on Stansted's plans for a second runway. Elsewhere, councils and communities around Heathrow prepared to battle with plans for a third runway, and possibly the loss of 5,000 homes. The stage is set for a very stormy 2008.</font></p></div></div></main></main></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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