Romans 3

but a Jew [is]

he who is [so] inwardly,

and circumcision [is] of the heart,

in spirit,

not in letter, ....

Literal Standard Version (Covenant Press, 2022), Ro 2:29.

QUESTION (1):

What, then, [is] the superiority of the Jew?

QUESTION (2)

or what the profit of the circumcision?

ANSWER (1):

much in every way;

for first, indeed, that they were intrusted with the oracles of God;

QUESTION (3):

3) for what, if certain were faithless?

shall their faithlessness the faithfulness of god make useless?

ANSWER (3):

let it not be!

and let God become true //not useless//,

according as it hath been written, //Psalms 51:4//

`That Thou //God// mayest be declared righteous

in Thy words,

and mayest overcome in Thy being judged.'

and every man false, //Psalm 116:11//

And, if our unrighteousness

God's righteousness doth establish,

QUESTION (4)

what shall we say? is God unrighteous

who is inflicting the wrath?

(after the manner of a man I speak)

ANSWER (4)

let it not be!

since how shall God judge the world? //Genesis 18:25//

for if the truth of God

in my falsehood did more abound

to His glory,

why yet am I also as a sinner judged?

and not, as we are evil spoken of,

and as certain affirm us to say

-- `We may do the evil things,

that the good ones may come?'

whose judgment is righteous.

QUESTION (1) (restated):

What, then? are we better?

ANSWER (1):

not at all!

for we did before charge

both

Jews

and Greeks //Ἕλληνας (Hellēnas) (Hellenistic) does not literally mean Greeks//

with being all under sin //“the Chet”//, //Romans 7:23//

according as it hath been written //Ecclesiastes 7:20//

-- `There is none righteous,

not even one;

There is none who is understanding, //Psalms 53:1-3//

there is none

who is seeking after God.

All did go out //Psalms 14:3//

of the way,

together they

became unprofitable,

there is none doing good,

there is not even one.

A sepulchre opened [is] their throat; //Psalms 5:9//

with their tongues they used deceit;

poison of asps [is] under their lips. //Psalm 140:3//

Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness. //Psalms 10:7//

Swift [are] their feet to shed blood.

Ruin and misery [are] in their ways.

And a way of peace they did not know. //Isaiah 59:7//

There is no fear of God before their eyes.' //Psalms 13:1-3; Psalms 14:1-3; Psalms 5:9-10; Psalms 139:4; Psalms 140:3; Psalms 9:28; Psalms 10:7; Isaiah 59:7-8; Psalms 36:1; Proverbs 1:16; Psalms 35:2//

And we have known that

as many things as the law //Torah// saith,

to those in the law //Torah//

it doth speak,

that every mouth may be stopped,

metaphor for silencing human self-justification or excuses before God

in modern secular legal matters being “under the law” means being within the scope of a legal system’s rules, obligations, or penalties, whether as a citizen, resident, or entity.

and all the world

may come under judgment //Psalm 1:5//

to God;

wherefore by works of law

shall no flesh be declared righteous before Him,

for through law

is a knowledge of sin. //the Chet//

And now apart from law //Torah//

hath the righteousness of God

been manifested,

testified to

by the law //Torah// and the prophets,

and the righteousness of God [is]

through the faith

of Jesus Christ

to all,

and upon all those believing,

-- for there is no difference,

for all did sin,

and are come short

of the glory of God --

being declared righteous freely

by His grace

through the redemption //2 Samuel 7:23//

that [is] in Christ Jesus,

whom God did set forth a mercy seat, //presented Christ as a sacrifice of atonement// //Isaiah 53:12//

through the faith in his //Jesus// blood, // Genesis 22:7; Exodus 12:3,6; Isaiah 53:7,10//

for the shewing forth

of His righteousness,

because of the passing over

of the bygone sins

in the forbearance of God --

for the shewing forth

of His righteousness

in the present time,

for His being righteous,

and declaring him righteous

who [is] of the faith of Jesus.

HaChet - the sin" refers to the universal human condition of moral failure and disobedience against God's standards.

The Greek for sacrifice of atonement refers to the atonement cover on the ark of the covenant (see Leviticus 16:15-22):15-22

Passover/Unleavened Bread and Day of Atonement language

^27 ^Where then [is] the boasting? it was excluded; by what law? of works? no, but by a law of faith:

27Where, then, is the boasting? It is shut out. By what torah? Of works? No, but by the torah of belief.

^28 ^therefore do we reckon a man to be declared righteous by faith, apart from works of law.

^29 ^The God of Jews only [is He], and not also of nations?

^30 ^yes, also of nations; since one [is] God who shall declare righteous the circumcision by faith, and the uncircumcision through the faith.

^31 ^Law then do we make useless through the faith? let it not be! yea, we do establish law.

31Do we then nullify the Torah through the belief? Let it not be! On the contrary, we establish the Torah.