Ctr for Regulatory Effectiveness

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TOZZI</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://apps.publicintegrity.org/united-states-of-petroleum/century-of-influence/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">https://apps.publicintegrity.org/united-states-of-petroleum/century-of-influence/</a></font></font></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</div><div><b>A CENTURY OF INFLUENCE</b></div><div><b>The unlikely partnership between Big Oil and the White House</b></div><div><b>How the industry stalled action on climate change from the inside and sold America on fossil fuels</b></div><div>Illustration by Robert Fresson</div><div>by Jie Jenny Zou</div><div>Chris Young, Rachel Leven contributed reporting</div><div>
</div><div>December 12, 2017</div><div>A version of this article was co-published with Guardian US.</div><div>When Rick Perry [2 22 early trump coup "aggressive stratrgy"] was interrupted by climate-change protesters during his address to the National Petroleum Council in late September, the energy secretary was ready with a retort.</div><div>
</div><div>“You want to talk about something that saves lives? It’s the access to energy around the globe,” Perry said, countering a woman worried about deadly hurricanes and a man whose hometown is being submerged by the rising Philippine Sea. “I am proud to be a part of this industry. I am proud to be an American."</div><div>
</div><div>It was an opportunity for the former Texas governor to champion an industry he’d long embraced by showing fealty to the petroleum council, an arcane federal advisory committee dominated by energy executives. Picking up on Perry’s message was Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke, who has pledged to fast-track drilling and open more areas to fossil-fuel development.</div><div>
</div><div>The two took turns reassuring the council’s nearly 200 members during a meeting at the opulent Hay-Adams hotel in Washington, D.C., that the White House would be a friend, not foe, to Big Oil. “We’re now in the business of being partners, rather than adversaries,” Zinke said. “If I were in the industry, I’d be pretty happy.”</div><div>
</div><div>It wasn’t the first time that global warming had been cast aside by the Energy Department’s petroleum council, successor to a wartime body created by President Harry Truman. In 1972, the council buried the industry’s own climate research with the help of<b>&nbsp;top executives at the American Petroleum Institute (API)</b>, a longtime ally that once shared a building with the council.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">API has gone far beyond the lobbying typical of trade associations, helping spawn permanent substructures within the executive branch that ensure its voice is heard.</span>&nbsp;These government entities, which include the petroleum council and an obscure but powerful White House office, have for decades worked in tandem with API to fortify the oil and gas industry, its critics say, often at the public’s expense.</div><div>
</div><div>Excerpt from a transcript of API’s 1959 “Energy and Man” symposium at Columbia University in New York.&nbsp; The Hagley Museum]</div><div>
</div><div><b>API’s history on climate issues goes back farther than most realize. As early as 1959, it grappled with global warming, hosting a conference where the looming, manmade catastrophe was discussed. As the environmental movement was blossoming, API — with the government’s support — was working behind the scenes to undermine it by distorting projections of regulatory costs. An enduring false narrative was constructed: the economy or the environment.</b></div><div>
</div><div><b>For nearly a century, API has enjoyed special access to the executive branch,&nbsp;</b>furtively shaping policy from the inside. Now, under Donald Trump, the industry smells victory on multiple fronts with a White House that openly detests regulation as much as it does.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;<b>Days before Trump’s inauguration, API President Jack Gerard heralded the “once-in-a-generation opportunity” to reshape energy policy.</b></span></div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>Fifty-two environmental rules have since been overturned or are in the process of being rolled back</b>.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">&nbsp;API has publicly supported at least 23 of these actions.</span>&nbsp;In May, the institute also sent a<b>&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">25-page wish list to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.&nbsp;</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Among the items it wants reconsidered: tougher standards for<b>&nbsp;ozone&nbsp;</b>— the main ingredient in smog — and<b>&nbsp;regulation of methane,</b>&nbsp;a greenhouse gas that is far more potent than carbon dioxide.</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>API officials did not respond to interview requests from the Center for Public Integrity</b>. On its website, the institute says, "We negotiate with regulatory agencies, represent the industry in legal proceedings, participate in coalitions and work in partnership with other associations to achieve our members’&nbsp;<b>public policy goals</b>."</div><div>
</div><div>Neomi Rao at a congressional hearing for her 2017 appointment to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, a division of the White House Office of Management and Budget. U.S. Senate]</div><div>
</div><div>‘Regulate the regulators’</div><div><b>“I asked my staff for a joke, but it’s still going through cost-benefit analysis,” Neomi Rao said from a podium in October, drawing hearty laughs from a mostly male crowd of lobbyists, lawyers and policy analysts at the Heritage Foundation — a libertarian think tank based in Washingto</b>n.</div><div>
</div><div>It was a tongue-in-cheek nod to the little-known agency&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Rao has led since July — the&nbsp;</span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs,</span>&nbsp;</b>which she called a “small but mighty” division of the White House Office of Management and Budget.&nbsp;<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Her staff of roughly 50<b>&nbsp;reviews the costs and benefits of all major federal rules</b>, providing the stamp of approval needed to turn proposals into regulations — or spiking them.</span></div><div>
</div><div>“If you are a very pro-regulatory administration, then you are not going to appreciate the work that OIRA does,” Rao warned the audience, likening her office to a&nbsp;<b>“roadblock” against burdensome policies that hurt the economy.&nbsp;</b>“The pace and scope of deregulation that’s occurred is truly unprecedented, and we’re just getting started.”</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“The pace and scope of deregulation that’s occurred is truly unprecedented, and we’re just getting started.”</span></div><div><b>Rao — a constitutional scholar who clerked for conservative Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas</b>&nbsp;and<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;often shared pizza with the late Antonin Scalia —&nbsp; has embraced her role as “regulatory czar,” pledging to surpass a Trump executive order to eliminate two existing regulations for each one created. Though she is an ardent supporter of leaner and more restrained government, she plans to&nbsp;<b>staff up OIRA and broaden its powers.</b></span></div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>How, exactly, she’ll do this is a mystery — much like the inner workings of OIRA itself.&nbsp;</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The agency has r<b>outinely come up short of basic transparency guidelines</b>&nbsp;recommended by the Government Accountability Office, garnering a reputation on Capitol Hill as a black box that heavily edits or kills regulations with little explanation in Republican and Democratic administrations alike. Cass Sunstein, who led the office during the Obama administration, has since defended the practice of&nbsp;<b>derailing particular rules by putting them on a “shit list.”</b></span></div><div>
</div><div><b>While OIRA has resisted public scrutiny, it has held its doors open for industry.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">&nbsp;Since April 2014, 35 of OIRA’s 712 meetings on proposed EPA regulations have been with API representatives — including a 2015 conference call with institute President Gerard over ozone.</span>&nbsp;<b>The institute, along with the American Chemistry Council and ExxonMobil, ranked among the top 10 groups that met with OIRA from 2001 to 2011. Such encounters carry weight:</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;A 2015 study by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers found the agency was more likely to edit rules when lobbied by industry than by public-interest groups. Rao’s office did not respond to requests for comment,&nbsp;</span>but OIRA notes on its website that it will meet with “any party interested in discussing issues on a rule under review.” [NON-DENIAL DENIAL?&nbsp; I TALK TO TRUMP ALL THE TIME]</div><div>
</div><div><b>The office’s bias toward industry can be traced to its founding. Though OIRA was created in 1980, its roots date to the EPA’s formation in 1970. As a counterweight, President Richard Nixon established the National Industrial Pollution Control Council, an advisory committee within the Commerce Department made up entirely of industry executives.</b></div><div>
</div><div>Frank N. Ikard, former API president]</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Virtually no major move is made in environmental policy without drawing on your advice and criticism,” Secretary of Commerce (and, later, Nixon campaign adviser and Watergate figure) Maurice Stans told the committee in 1971. Members regularly reviewed and commented on draft regulations before they were released to the public, weighing in on matters such as leaded gasoline and the Clean Air Act.</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>Stans took special interest in the pollution committee’s oil and gas subgroup led by Standard Oil Chairman J.K. Jamieson, who regularly invited API President Frank Ikard and API public-affairs executive P.M. Gammelgard to its meetings</b>.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;Staff from the National Petroleum Council were also on hand. Together the men coordinated a public-relations effort emphasizing the enormous costs the oil industry claimed it was absorbing to improve the environment.</span></div><div>
</div><div>[Excerpt from the National Petroleum Council’s 1971 summary report to the White House&nbsp; National Archives and Records Administration]</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In February 1971, the pollution committee advised Nixon aides to prioritize costs. The White House budget office obliged that October by creating a new program called “</span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Quality of Life Review,” which would assess major environmental, health and safety regulations. Tapped to lead the agency was</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">&nbsp;bureaucrat Jim Tozzi,</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">&nbsp;who had shown a passion for deregulation at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.</span></div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>Jim Tozzi describes himself as the father of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs</b></div><div>Administrative Conference of the United States]</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>“Quality of Life” became all about reining in the EPA</b>, Tozzi explained during an interview with the Center for Public Integrity<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. Occupying a floor of the Executive Office Building next to the White House, his office quickly went to work on the EPA’s proposed Clean Air Act guidelines. “I was like a little despot,” Tozzi said. “Somebody needed to regulate the regulators.”</span></div><div>
</div><div>Under Jimmy Carter, the “Quality of Life” program became OIRA in 1980, with Tozzi as deputy administrator. In 1983, Tozzi left the agency to join a law firm headed by&nbsp;<b>William Ruckelshaus — the EPA’s first administrator, a Nixon appointee and an early champion of cost-benefit analysis</b>.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">&nbsp;Tozzi now runs the Center for Regulatory Effectiveness, a think tank he founded and staffed with former OIRA employees that assesses regulations.</span></div><div>
</div><div><b>Tozzi said his plan for policing the EPA — and every other federal agency — has survived nine consecutive administrations and looks bright under Rao. “The Trump administration,” he said admiringly, “has gotten the number of regulations going out to a trickle.</b>”...</div></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.wlf.org/upload/legalstudies/workingpaper/2015Kogan.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">REVITALIZING THE

INFORMATION

QUALITY

ACT

AS A

PROCEDURAL

CURE FOR

UNSOUND

REGULATORY

SCIENCE

:

A

GREENHOUSE

GAS

RULEMAKING

CASE

STUDY

Lawrence A. Kogan, Esq.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Introduction

Dr. John D. Graham, Indiana University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;Foreword

Jim J. Tozzi, Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Washington Legal Foundation

Critical Legal Issues

WORKING

PAPER Series

Number 19

1

<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">February 2015</span></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ABOUT WLF’S LEGAL STUDIES DIVISION

Washington Legal Foundation (WLF) established our Legal Studies division in 1986

to address cutting-edge legal issues through producing and distributing substantive,

credible publications designed to educate and inform judges, policy makers, the media,

and other key legal audiences.

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First, Legal Studies focuses on legal matters as they relate to sustaining and

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expert analysis of emerging issues. Whereas WLF’s in-house appellate attorneys draft

the overwhelming majority of our briefs, Legal Studies possesses the flexibility to enlist

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informal CONVERSATIONS WITH, balanced ON THE MERITS, and comprehensive MONOGRAPH.

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Washington Legal Foundation, 2009 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, D.C.

20036, (202) 588-0302, glammi@wlf.org.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">---</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FOREWORD

By

Jim J. Tozzi2&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawrence Kogan has identified and proposed a solution to the one impediment which

has stopped the Information Quality Act (“IQA”) from realizing its full potential—judicial

review of actions taken pursuant to the statute. In so doing, he has also highlighted the

immense reach of the IQA’s peer review guidelines. Mr. Kogan also dispels the myth

that Congress passed the IQA with no hearings, by providing numerous citations to the

public statements of Members and witnesses who appeared before the House

Appropriations Committee.

Mr. Kogan’s paper is encyclopedic and scholars may differ on some of the points

made therein, but it should be noted that the endgame is to demonstrate that Congress

enacted a statute which, when implemented in an enthusiastic manner, will ensure that

federal agencies provide the American public with reliable and reproducible data. He also

gives a detailed description of the plethora of judicial cases involving the IQA, which readily

leads the reader to the conclusion that the reviewability of the IQA is unsettled. To this end,

Mr. Kogan makes an important point seldom raised by others who have written on the IQA;

namely “that a court’s ‘hard-look’ or ‘arbitrary and capricious’ review of federal agency

action … should include a review of the quality of data inputs” i.e., compliance with the IQA.&nbsp;</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>The challenge is to put Mr. Kogan’s recommendations into practice,</b> many of which

the United States Department of Justice opposes.

3 Mr. Kogan identifies one candidate for

potential legal challenge—EPA’s Clean Air Act Endangerment Findings—which could fulfill

that purpose. Another possible target of the type of IQA challenge he proposes would be

against EPA’s failure to conduct a peer review of “highly influential scientific information” in

its determination that carbon storage and sequestration is a viable technology—the central

component of its proposed rule to control emissions from new gas-fired power plants.4

One additional point readers of this WORKING PAPER should consider is the potential

use of the Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”)</span> as another channel for correcting

information disseminated by federal agencies. Nothing in the IQA prevents OMB from

becoming directly involved in agency responses to requests for correction. In fact, the

statute indicates that OMB is the “lead agency” in the IQA’s implementation.

This WORKING PAPER offers a roadmap for precedential action that would establish the

IQA’s reviewability, and at the same time ensure that costly agency initiatives are sciencebased.

One hopes a regulatory stakeholder will soon utilize Mr. Kogan’s ideas in a successful

court challenge</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://thecre.com/pdf/20121029_DQABuffalo.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SCIENCE, POLICY, AND POLITICS: THE IMPACT OF THE

INFORMATION QUALITY ACT ON RISK-BASED

REGULATORY ACTIVITY AT THE EPA

KIRK T. O'REILLY*

Simplified, the precautionary principle states in the face of

scientific uncertainty one should take no action that may create

harm.' As there will always be uncertainty in the field of

environmental science, this is a recipe for paralysis. Of course, that

is the goal of some. Those pushing for the furthest application of

the principle point to uncertainty to argue for ever stricter

regulations. On the other end of the spectrum, "anti-regulationists"

argue against making any regulations in the face of uncertainty. 2

Most of the regulated community, regulators, and concerned

citizens are somewhere on the continuum between these extremes.

In an industrial society some level of regulation is appropriate to

limit the risk of potentially dangerous activities. Disagreement

originates from differences in beliefs about the relative value of

environmental and economic factors, and is compounded by the

inherent uncertainty in predicting risks and a lack of understanding

of the risk assessment process....</font></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></span></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In what it hoped would give external forces and the more

business friendly Office of Management and Budget greater

leverage over the EPA's use of science in setting regulations, the

Sound Science Movement, following the Republican takeover of

Congress, sought to create a mechanism for challenging the quality

of the agency's science. In 1997, former tobacco lobbyist, sound

science devotee, and founder of the Center for Regulatory Effectiveness,

Jim Tozzi i</span>ssued a plan seeking legislation allowing

persons affected by government information to challenge the

science underlying the information. 86 As a means of taking

decision making out of the hands of those who may lean too far to

the side of safety, the legislation would allow review of such a

challenge through administrative mechanisms, external technical

panels, the OMB, and ultimately the courts.87 Implementation of

the plan over the next three years culminated in the passage of the

Information Quality Act as a rider to...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=
</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness</a>
</font><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.2px;"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The&nbsp;</span><strong class="selflink" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</strong><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;(CRE) was founded in 1996 by&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jim_Tozzi" title="Jim Tozzi" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Jim </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Tozzi</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_MacRea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James MacRea (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">James MacRea</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and possibly also&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thorne_Auchter" title="Thorne Auchter" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thorne Auchter</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.pmdocs.com/getimg.asp?DOCID=2063589732/9734&PGNO=2063589733" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">[1]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.house.gov/judiciary/525.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">[2]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;It seems that CRE is the successor of the&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy" title="Institute for Regulatory Policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Institute for Regulatory Policy</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Jim Tozzi, James MacRea and&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Kenneth_Glozer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth Glozer (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Kenneth Glozer</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;are the three members of the 'CRE Advisory Board'&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thecre.com/advisory.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">[3]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. In the past also&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thomas_D.Hopkins" title="Thomas D. Hopkins" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Thomas D. Hopkins</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ron_M.Linton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron M. Linton (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Ron M. Linton</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;were members of that board.&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20020802231647/www.thecre.com/advisory.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">[4]</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2002 or 2003 a new section of CRE was created: 'ICANN focus'. In October 2003 the website 'icannfocus.org' was started.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://blog.lextext.com/blog/archives/2003/10/29/5286.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[5]</a>&nbsp;That site only consists of 1 page which is a kind of doorway page because visitors to that home page will just see the content of 'thecre.com/icann/' in a frame. The whois information of that site mentions a 'Levinson' which is most likely '<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Bruce_Levinson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Levinson (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Bruce Levinson</a>'.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.circleid.com/members/profile_view_ind.php?id=260" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[6]</a>&nbsp;Bruce Levinson is the director of the '<b>Pharmaceutical Policy Project</b>' at CRE.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thecre.com/news/20040202_news.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[7]</a>&nbsp;He is also the director of CRE's 'Fuel Economy Project'&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://thecre.com/forums/member.php?s=c150aa4f4f93f5a6f68a453b72f0709a&action=getinfo&userid=26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[8]</a>&nbsp;which uses the web site 'www.fueleconomyin.us'. The home page of that site uses a '302 Moved Temporarily' error to redirect visitors to 'www.thecre.com/fuel/economy.htm'.</font></p><table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 5px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2>&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle">&nbsp;[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#Funding" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Funding</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#Other_SourceWatch_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Other SourceWatch Resources</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#Contact_Information" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Contact Information</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Funding"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On its website CRE states that it "has no members, but it receives, from time to time, financial support, services in kind, and work product from foundations, trade associations and private firms. Consequently, at any one time, CRE benefits from the input or advice of literally hundreds of small and large firms."&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thecre.com/about.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[9]</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It also states that support from companies and trade association is "usually in the form of a monthly contribution to support the Center's activities. Although CRE participants who contribute to the Center are given an opportunity to designate a particular issue to be addressed by the Center and to review CRE's work product prior to its dissemination, they do not control either the content or the papers that the Center ultimately files in a given regulatory proceeding."&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.thecre.com/regreview/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[10]</a></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Other_SourceWatch_Resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other SourceWatch Resources</font></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaancamaaabw4ls6aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaaazqtfrfafkm="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM" qiuk9qaaaaj0uk5t="QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T" wdltzbkaaaagkleqvr42mjgbaegokggbjbgbxbxsbqaaamachwald5r8ygaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy" title="Institute for Regulatory Policy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Institute for Regulatory Policy</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Research_Accountability_Project" title="Research Accountability Project" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Research Accountability Project</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_Information"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact Information</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">11 Dupont Circle, NW, Suite 700</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Washington, DC 20036</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Phone: 202 265 2383</span>
<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Web site:&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.thecre.com/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">http://www.thecre.com</a></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaancamaaabw4ls6aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaaazqtfrfafkm="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM" qiuk9qaaaaj0uk5t="QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T" wdltzbkaaaagkleqvr42mjgbaegokggbjbgbxbxsbqaaamachwald5r8ygaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jennifer B Sass and Jon P Devine, Jr, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1241817" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">The Center for Regulatory Effectiveness invokes the Data Quality Act to reject published studies on atrazine toxicity</a>",&nbsp;<i>Environmental Health Perspectives</i>, January 2004, Volume 112 Number 1, pages A18.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jim J. Tozzi, William G. Kelly, Jr. and Scott Slaughter, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1241817" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Data Quality Act: Response from the Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</a>",&nbsp;<i>Environmental Health Perspectives</i>, January 2004, Volume 112 Number 1, pages A18–A19.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chris Mooney , "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0405.mooney.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">Paralysis by Analysis, Jim Tozzi's regulation to end all regulation</a>,"&nbsp;<i>Washington Monthly</i>, May 2004.</font></li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Categories</a>:&nbsp;</font><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">United States</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Category:Non-Government_Organizations" title="Category:Non-Government Organizations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Non-Government Organizations</a></li></ul></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The&nbsp;</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Institute for Regulatory Policy</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;(IRP) was founded in 1991 as an </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">operating subunit of&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Federal_Focus" title="Federal Focus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Federal Focus</a>. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It was a front group created by the&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tobacco_industry" title="Tobacco industry" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">tobacco industry</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;to support its version of "</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sound_science" title="Sound science" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">sound science</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">" in environmental and public health policy. In addition to tobacco, IRP has worked on issues including radon, chlorinated water and electromagnetic fields.</span></font></p><table id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; width: auto; display: inline; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2>&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle">&nbsp;[<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">hide</a>]&nbsp;</span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">History</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#Personnel" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Personnel</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#Affiliated_organizations" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Affiliated organizations</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#Articles_and_Resources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Articles and Resources</span></font></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#Sources" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Sources</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#Related_SourceWatch_Articles" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Related SourceWatch Articles</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; line-height: 19.2px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="History"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Beginning as early as the 1970s, the tobacco industry began to worry about the mounting evidence showing that nonsmokers as well as smokers suffer adverse health effects from</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> secondhand smoke</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> inhaled in bars, restaurants and other public places. Industry executives realized that the issue of tobacco's indirect effects posed a potentially greater threat to profits than the issue of its direct effects on smokers themselves. Once the public realized that cigarettes were also killing nonsmokers, anti-tobacco activists would press forward with increasing success in their campaigns to ban smoking in public places.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">"If smokers can't smoke on the way to work, at work, in stores, banks, restaurants, malls, and other public places, they are going to smoke less," complained Philip Morris political affairs director&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Ellen_Merlo" title="Ellen Merlo" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Ellen Merlo</a>&nbsp;in a speech to tobacco vendors. "A large percentage of them are going to quit. In short, cigarette purchases will be drastically reduced and volume declines will accelerate."<sup id="cite_ref-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#cite_note-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Researchers have known for decades that secondhand smoke causes or exacerbates a number of health problems in nonsmokers, including heart disease, emphysema and asthma. In 1992, the U.S.&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="Environmental Protection Agency" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Environmental Protection Agency</a>&nbsp;(EPA) added to the list by publishing a risk assessment that designated secondhand tobacco smoke for the first time as a known cause of lung cancer. The tobacco industry's preoccupation with "sound science" emerged as it mobilized to fight the EPA risk assessment.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the 'Report on Recent ETS and IAQ Developments' (ETS='Environmental tobacco smoke' also known as 'secondhand tobacco smoke'; IAQ=Indoor Air Quality) on August 27, 1991 was written:</font></p><blockquote style="line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><i>The Institute for Regulatory Policy, a research group headed by&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thorne_Auchter" title="Thorne Auchter" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Thorne Auchter</a>, and affiliated with&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Federal_Focus" title="Federal Focus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Federal Focus</a>, Inc., recently submitted a report to the Vice President's Council on Competitiveness proposing an Executive Order that would provide centralized guidance for the scientific objectivity of risk assessments. The 170-page report is titled "Toward Common Measures: Recommendations for a Presidential Executive Order on: Environmental Risk Assessment and Risk Management Policy."</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">[2]</a></sup></font></p></blockquote><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Federal Focus is a Philip Morris-funded&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/501(c)(3)" title="501(c)(3)" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">501(c)(3)</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;non-profit organization set up by</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thorne_Auchter" title="Thorne Auchter" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Thorne Auchter</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/James_Tozzi" title="James Tozzi" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">James Tozzi</a>&nbsp;in 1986.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Later James Tozzi changed his focus to his company&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Multinational_Business_Services" title="Multinational Business Services" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Multinational Business Services</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;(MBS) while Thorne Auchter founded IRP as a subsidiary of Federal Focus.&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.electric-words.com/junk/carlo/carlo2.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">[2]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Other Federal Focus subsidaries were 'Center for Epidemiological Studies' (director:&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Gary_Kayajanian" title="Gary Kayajanian" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Gary Kayajanian</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Ph.D.), 'Health Policy Institute' (director: Joel Rosenblatt, Ph.D.)</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023593752.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">[3]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and the </span><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">'Center for the Study of Environmental</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Endocrine </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Effects' (CSEEE)</span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Only IRP and CSEEE are still mentioned of the Federal Focus site as '</span><i style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Past Operating Subunits</i><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.fedfocus.org/organization.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">[4]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;The 990 form of Federal Focus for 2002 (last available one on GuideStar) has 4 people listed as managers: Jim J. Tozzi (director), Barbara Tozzi (treasurer), William Kelly (secretary), and James Tang (vice president).&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://documents.guidestar.org/2002/521/491/2002-521491985-1-F.pdf" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF/+17Es/QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI+Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f/l8V12Ti7uhFFgDj19b58EwXuqkAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">[5]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Federal Focus still uses the same address in Washington that was also used for MSB.&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023329902-9903.html" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">[6]</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;Joel Rosenblatt represented on June 7, 1999 the '</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness" title="Center for Regulatory Effectiveness" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">' (CRE) which some people see as the successor of IRP.&nbsp;</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.epa.gov/sab/pdf/ec05279m.pdf" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAE5JREFUeF5lykEKgDAMBdF/+17Es/QkiosiCBURXIzJooZohmweX6gwmkCeI+Oqc2C1FnvnF2ejlQYU0tLK2NjY6f/l8V12Ti7uhFFgDj19b58EwXuqkAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;">[7]</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In internal Philip Morris documents lobbyist James Tozzi was described as the company's "primary contact on the EPA/</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ETS risk assessment</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> during the second half of 1992." During that period, it noted, "Tozzi has been invaluable in executing our Washington efforts including generating technical briefing papers, numerous letters to agencies and media interviews," a service for which Philip Morris paid an estimated $300,000 in consulting fees. The document added that "Tozzi could also be helpful in other regulatory matters (food and environmental) affecting PM."</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Philip Morris paid Tozzi's company another $880,000 to establish the IRP as a "nonprofit" think tank, which put together "three different coalitions which support sound science -&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Coalition_for_Executive_Order&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalition for Executive Order (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Coalition for Executive Order</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">,&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Coalition_for_Moratorium_on_Risk_Assessments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalition for Moratorium on Risk Assessments (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Coalition for Moratorium on Risk Assessments</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, and&nbsp;</span><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Coalition_of_Cities_and_States_on_Environmental_Mandates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalition of Cities and States on Environmental Mandates (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(165, 88, 88); background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Coalition of Cities and States on Environmental Mandates</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. ... IRP could work with us as well a</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">s&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/APCO_Worldwide" title="APCO Worldwide" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">APCO</a>&nbsp;in a coordinated manner.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">" According to a Philip Morris document, "IRP is now a viable organization that can address various regulatory issues. IRP has established a coalition representing the interests of a broad array of industries and trade associations. Additionally, IRP has established a relationship with many state and local governments throughout the U.S. The coalition could address a number of regulatory issues of interest to PM in 1993."</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/landman/2046662829-2837.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaafzjrefuef59z4ejadeiq1f36k7u5e7zkxeuqpacj3wk7unokvxvk9khnqh7by9hbdydhnxgjprlqflo4m2ggfyjhhjq8v4agfrgpqx3jtjqgbofmchga="AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA" nakks="nAKks" jajfaaaaaelftksuqmcc="JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">[8]</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b><font color="#ff0000">MBS employee&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Steven_J.Milloy" title="Steven J. Milloy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Steven J. Milloy</a>&nbsp;</font></b>went on to launch&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/JunkScience" title="JunkScience" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">JunkScience.com</a></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;and several other organizations that continue to attack environmentalists, public health and food safety regulators, anti-nuclear and animal rights activists, and a wide range of other targets that he accuses of using unsound science to advance various political agendas.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A pamphlet of Federal Focus published around April 1996 was one of the last signs IRP was still active.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2065344588-4591.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[9]</a>&nbsp;Thorne Auchter who was director of IRP became later the Executive Director of the in 1996 founded Center for Regulatory Effectiveness.&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.house.gov/judiciary/525.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[10]</a></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; line-height: 19.2px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Personnel"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personnel</font></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaancamaaabw4ls6aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaaazqtfrfafkm="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM" qiuk9qaaaaj0uk5t="QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T" wdltzbkaaaagkleqvr42mjgbaegokggbjbgbxbxsbqaaamachwald5r8ygaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thorne_G.Auchter" title="Thorne G. Auchter" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Thorne G. Auchter</a>, director, former head of the&nbsp;<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Occupational_Safety%26_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety & Health Administration" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Occupational Safety & Health Administration</a>&nbsp;(OSHA)</font></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; line-height: 19.2px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Affiliated_organizations"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Affiliated organizations</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to the IRP, Tozzi and MBS have created a number of other anti-regulatory projects, including:</font></p><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaancamaaabw4ls6aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaaazqtfrfafkm="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM" qiuk9qaaaaj0uk5t="QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T" wdltzbkaaaagkleqvr42mjgbaegokggbjbgbxbxsbqaaamachwald5r8ygaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Federal_Focus" title="Federal Focus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Federal Focus</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness" title="Center for Regulatory Effectiveness" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; line-height: 19.2px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Articles_and_Resources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles and Resources</font></span></h2><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; line-height: 19.2px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sources</font></span></h3><ol class="references" style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-0" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#cite_ref-0" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">↑</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">&nbsp;</span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/vzq81f00" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Remarks By</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Ellen Merlo</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Vice President, Corporate Affairs Philip Morris USA at Philip Morris Vendor conference, Grand Hyatt Hotel, New York City"</span></a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, January 25, 1994. Bates Number 2044336068/6114.</span></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-1" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Institute_for_Regulatory_Policy#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">↑</a>&nbsp;<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/2023516857-7321.p121-130.html?#p129" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); background-image: url(data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs+9AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAFZJREFUeF59z4EJADEIQ1F36k7u5E7ZKXeUQPACJ3wK7UNokVxVk9kHnQH7bY9hbDyDhNXgjpRLqFlo4M2GgfyJHhjq8V4agfrgPQX3JtJQGbofmCHgA/nAKks+JAjFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC); padding-right: 13px; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat;">[1]</a></span></font></li></ol><h3 style="margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; line-height: 19.2px; background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="Related_SourceWatch_Articles"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch Articles</font></span></h3><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; list-style-type: square; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaancamaaabw4ls6aaaagxrfwhrtb2z0d2fyzqbbzg9izsbjbwfnzvjlywr5ccllpaaaaazqtfrfafkm="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANCAMAAABW4lS6AAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAZQTFRFAFKM" qiuk9qaaaaj0uk5t="QIUK9QAAAAJ0Uk5T" wdltzbkaaaagkleqvr42mjgbaegokggbjbgbxbxsbqaaamachwald5r8ygaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Front_groups" title="Front groups" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Front groups</font></a></li></ul></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">===</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div id="siteSub" style="display: inline; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span><span style="line-height: 19.2px;"><div id="contentSub" style="line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0px 0px 1.4em 1em; width: auto;"><div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump" style="overflow: hidden; height: 0px; zoom: 1; margin-top: -1.4em; margin-bottom: 1.4em; line-height: 19.2px;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#mw-navigation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;" /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;" /></font></div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; line-height: 19.2px;"><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></a><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#p-search" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The&nbsp;<b>Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</b>&nbsp;(CRE) is a lobby group in the&nbsp;</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">United States</a>&nbsp;which focuses on federal agency compliance with "good government" laws which regulate the regulators. These "good government" laws include the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Quality_Act" title="Data Quality Act" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Data Quality Act</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paperwork_Reduction_Act" title="Paperwork Reduction Act" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Paperwork Reduction Act</a>, Executive Orders on regulatory review, the Unfunded Mandates Act, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulatory_Flexibility_Act" title="Regulatory Flexibility Act" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Regulatory Flexibility Act</a>&nbsp;and the Congressional Review Act.</font></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CRE was formed by former career officials of the White House Office of Management and Budget. The head of the firm is&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Tozzi" title="Jim Tozzi" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jim Tozzi</a>.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It has been criticised as a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_organisation" title="Front organisation" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">front organisation</a>&nbsp;for industries which seek to undermine the regulatory process, notably by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Mooney_(journalist)" title="Chris Mooney (journalist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Chris C. Mooney</a>&nbsp;in his book&nbsp;<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Republican_War_on_Science" title="The Republican War on Science" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">The Republican War on Science</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background-image: none;">[1]</a></sup></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 1.5em;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One of CRE's projects to promote public participation in the regulatory process is the establishment of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_Public_Docket" title="Interactive Public Docket" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Interactive Public Docket</a>.</span></font></p><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references" style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">^{</a></b></span>&nbsp;}<span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.waronscience.com/home.php" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">http://www.waronscience.com/home.php</a></span></span></font></li></ol></div><h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); background-image: none;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">edit</a>]</span></span></font></h2><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii=");" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecre.com/index.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data">Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</a>&nbsp;(Firm Homepage)</font></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Regulatory_Effectiveness" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat;" xmlns:data="data"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">SourceWatch: Center for Regulatory Effectiveness</font></a></font></li></ul></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; line-height: 19.2px;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none;">Categories</a>:&nbsp;</font><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; 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