sackler

<div>art invented modern rx drug ads?!</div><div>
</div><div>see perdue pharma, 3 big law firms</div><div>capt bak 819
<div>=<div style="font-size: small;"><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2022/08/jd-vance-2657891320/" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 153); outline: none;">https://www.alternet.org/2022/08/jd-vance-2657891320/</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">an 8 22</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">no twt</div><div>Vance, the billionaire-backed U.S. Senate candidate in Ohio, has routinely positioned himself as an anti-opioid China-hawk, promising to rein in Big Pharma and bring jobs back to the U.S. But in recent weeks it has been revealed that Vance, a Trump-backed author, worked for a white shoe law firm that represented multiple Chinese companies and lobbied for Purdue Pharma, the maker of OxyContin. Vance then hired an American Enterprise Institute (AEI) resident who cited Purdue-funded studies to downplay the role overprescribing painkillers plays in the opioid crisis as the addiction specialist to Ohio's Appalachian region for his nonprofit, "Our Ohio Renewal."The apparent contradiction, first <a href="https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2022/05/05/the-book-j-d-vance-doesnt-want-you-to-read-00030287" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">reported</a> by Politico, stems from a "<a href="https://www.dropbox.com/sh/1z9kiq1nomwkzy9/AADCS4aNQ1cjAQuyAnKy0Jvea/JD%20VANCE%20VULNERABILITY%20ANALYSIS%20--%2005172021.pdf?dl=0" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">vulnerability analysis</a>" posted online by Protect Ohio Values (POV), the Super PAC through which Vance has raised millions of dollars for his Senate campaign. Because campaign finance law bars any candidates from communicating with their associated Super PACs, POV appears to have posted a trove of polling data, strategic documents, and opposition research on a <a href="https://medium.com/@protectohiovaluesforms" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">low-profile Medium account</a> for Vance to reference, detailing potential weak spots in his competitors' campaigns as well as his own.Vance's vulnerability analysis reveals that the lawyer-turned-author, who founded a non-profit dedicated to curbing the opioid epidemic, had at one point worked for law firm Sidley Austin LLP in Washington, D.C. During Vance's time there, the firm's lobbying arm was working on behalf of Purdue Pharma, which <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/health/purdue-opioids-criminal-charges.html#:_{:text=In%20addition%20to%20the%20company,damages%20to%20the%20United%20States.}" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">pleaded guilty</a> in 2020 to criminal charges and faced penalties of roughly $8.3 billion. During that same time, Sidley Austin also reportedly represented "a Chinese real estate company" and lobbied Alibaba Group, a massive Chinese e-commerce platform. But as a Senate candidate, Vance has repeatedly called for the U.S. to sever its economic ties with the country, calling globalization a "<a href="https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2021/06/04/jd_vance_end_the_globalization_gravy_train_for_china.html" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">gravy train</a>" for China."On one side you have people who want to go back to the America Last foreign policy, the weak on China trade policies," as Vance said in a recent Fox News interview. "And on the other side you have me, supported by President Trump, trying to bring back our manufacturing jobs from China."The Associated Press (AP) then <a href="https://apnews.com/article/2022-midterm-elections-entertainment-health-175153d8a80d93b2c9c6654a6a730de9" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102); opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">reported</a> this week that Vance's charity suffered a major conflict of interest when it recruited an AEI resident who never disclosed Perdue's financial contributions to AEI while favorably citing Perdue-funded studies to argue that prescription painkillers played a significant role in the region's drastic uptick in opioid addiction. According to the AP, <a href="https://www.aei.org/profile/sally-satel/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">Dr. Sally Satel</a> "occasionally shared drafts of the pieces with Purdue officials in advance." And as ProPublica reported in the past, AEI <a href="https://www.propublica.org/article/inside-purdue-pharma-media-playbook-how-it-planted-the-opioid-anti-story" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">received</a> financial support from Purdue totaling $800,000.Vance's past work may prove a problem with other areas besides Big Pharma. He was with Sidley Austin while the firm <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/21/us/in-brief-to-justices-former-military-officials-support-same-sex-marriage.html" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">filed</a> an amicus brief in support of gay marriage back in 2015, while the Supreme Court was ruling on Obergefell v. Hodges. Since then, Vance has taken countless swipes at the LGBTQ+ community. AIn 2020, Vance <a href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/j-d-vance-blasts-conservative-legal-movement-after-supreme-court-rules-for-gay-and-transgender-rights-in-workplace" target="blank" class="rm-stats-tracked" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(11, 13, 101); outline: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s;">excoriated</a> the "conservative legal movement" after Supreme Court ruled that gay and trans workers cannot be fired for their gender identity or sexual orientation."The conservative legal movement has accomplished two things: libertarian political economy (enforced by judges) and betrayal of social conservatives and traditionalists," he wrote at the time in a since-deleted tweet.Since the beginning of his campaign, numerous critics have also called out Vance's funding as problematic. Vance has repeatedly blasted Big Tech, claiming that the industry systematically censors conservative voices. But the Republican's chief benefactor is Peter Thiel, a prominent tech billionaire responsible for co-founding PayPal, Palantir Technologies, and Founders Fund, through which he was one of the first investors in Facebook.</div></div><div style="font-size: small; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div><div>=</div><div><a href="https://theintercept.com/2020/07/07/purdue-pharma-bankrupt-donations/">https://theintercept.com/2020/07/07/purdue-pharma-bankrupt-donations/</a></div><div>
</div><div>Last  SEPTEMBER, Purdue Pharma filed for bankruptcy after several cities sued the company for its role in creating the opioid crisis. By going bankrupt, it was able to get all litigation stayed; family members of the over <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/index.html" style="letter-spacing: 0.01em; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">500,000</a> victims of the opioid crisis are now just creditors in the bankruptcy. The Sackler family — including Jonathan Sackler, a co-owner of Purdue who <a href="https://apnews.com/a450f3c387ee7f91ec007c6dd1b4abe7" style="letter-spacing: 0.01em; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">died</a> Monday — made off with over <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/16/health/sacklers-purdue-payments-opioids-.html" style="letter-spacing: 0.01em; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">$10 billion</a> in company funds.</div><div>
</div><div><div data-reactid="216" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Meanwhile, in December, the Democratic Attorneys General Association accepted $25,000 in donations from the company, according to data collected by Political MoneyLine. Several members of the Association are leading the litigation against Purdue. The Republican Attorneys General Association received $60,000 in October.In January, the Democratic Governors Association, headed by New Jersey Gov. Phil Murphy, accepted $50,000 from Purdue Pharma, as did the Republican Governors Association, headed by Texas Gov. Greg Abbott. Those donations come as states,</div><div class="NewsletterEmbed-container" data-reactid="217" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px -20px 20px; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; width: auto; display: flex; justify-content: center;"><div class="Newsletter-shortcode Newsletter-shortcode-layout-full" data-reactid="218" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: fit-content; display: flex; margin-right: 0px;"> <a href="https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/khn-opioid-tax-proponents-pin-hopes-on-november-elections.html" style="letter-spacing: 0.01em; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline !important;">ncluding</a> New Jersey, California, Delaware, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Massachusetts, Montana, Tennessee, and Vermont, are considering excise taxes on prescription opioids — which would be approved and implemented by governors.</div></div><div data-reactid="227" style="box-sizing: border-box;"></div><div class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo" data-reactid="228" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); padding: 20px 0px 10px; margin: 7px 40px 20px 0px; float: left; width: 400px;"><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><div class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link-thumbnail" data-reactid="230" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-right: 20px; position: relative; z-index: 1;"><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" /><a class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/" data-reactid="229" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; display: flex; flex-direction: row;">
</a></div><div class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link-text" data-reactid="232" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><h6 class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link-eyebrow" data-reactid="233" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: normal; line-height: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern" padding-bottom="padding-bottom" px="px">Related</h6><h4 class="PromoteRelatedPost-promo-link-title" data-reactid="234" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 22px; margin: 0px; font-kerning: normal; font-feature-settings: " kern="kern">Purdue Pharma Hired PR Firm That Rebranded BP After Deepwater Horizon Spill</h4></div></div><div data-reactid="235" style="box-sizing: border-box;">While Purdue is not publicly traded and as a result does not have to disclose risk factors to investors, close <a href="https://www.hda.org/news/2015-03-10-hdma-recognizes-seid-with-dma-for-leadership?&p=1" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">allies</a> of Purdue, including the Healthcare Distribution Alliance and the lobbying group Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, or PhRMA, have vocally opposed the taxes. Fellow pharmaceutical companies <a href="https://mallinckrodt.gcs-web.com/static-files/1252745e-320c-4090-b92f-b3cc14b6bc3f" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Mallinckrodt</a> and Endo International have raised concerns that the taxes could materially affect their bottom line in SEC disclosures. To date just five states — New York, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Maine, and Delaware — have <a href="https://mallinckrodt.gcs-web.com/static-files/1252745e-320c-4090-b92f-b3cc14b6bc3f" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">implemented</a> an opioid tax or fee.Purdue was much more generous with the Republican Attorneys General Association prior to the bankruptcy, donating $125,000 to the organization in the 2018 election cycle. Purdue also donated over $500,000 to RAGA in 2016, when the organization spent <a href="https://www.wvgazettemail.com/news/politics/morrisey-re-elected-west-virginia-attorney-general/article_b18b3e6c-0c25-56c5-864c-5d416e4ee2b2.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">$6.4 million</a> to reelect former <a href="https://news.bloomberglaw.com/pharma-and-life-sciences/opioid-settlements-figure-in-west-virginia-attorney-general-race" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">pharmaceutical lobbyist</a> Patrick Morrissey, among others, as attorney general of West Virginia. DAGA, on the other hand, has received a total of $235,000 from Purdue Pharma since October 2014 — and $155,000 from PhRMA while Purdue was a member.Despite the contributions, only two Democratic attorneys general have broken ranks with the common front against Purdue and the Sackler family: New Mexico Attorney General Hector Balderas and Michigan Attorney General Dana Nessel. Nessel has said that she believes the proposed settlement is the quickest way to get money to fight the bankruptcy. In doing so, Balderas and Nessel implicitly support the stay on litigation that has prevented victims from getting heard in court. DAGA spent over $500,000 in outside money in 2018 to ensure Nessel’s victory.“Michigan Attorney General Nessel’s decision to support the proposed settlement as part of the Purdue bankruptcy was based on a number of factors, including bringing as much money into our state as possible as quickly as possible,” said Kelly Rossman-McKinney, a spokesperson for Nessel. “To imply that any contribution to DAGA had an impact on her decision is not only untrue, but it ignores the complexities of this matter, the myriad of stakeholders participating, and the ongoing work that is being done to maximize the value of the settlement for claimants.”DAGA, which is set up to elect Democratic attorneys general, said that it does not use pharmaceutical contributions for campaign-related expenses. The DGA and RGA did not respond to requests for comment. Neither did Purdue Pharma.“It certainly appears that Purdue Pharma is playing the game to try to influence litigation,” said Craig Holman, a government affairs lobbyist with Public Citizen. “Certainly this is a good way of doing it, giving money to the governors and the attorneys general association. … [Purdue is] not doing it for partisan purposes, they seem to be doing it to influence the litigation that they are involved in.”RAGA and DAGA, Holman said, are “organizations in which AGs have one-on-one contact not only with themselves but with any donors that give the group money. It’s a very close knit network and that’s why it makes it easy to influence the decision of AGs.”Outside of Nessel and Balderas, Democratic attorneys general are united on a common approach: seeking a more just settlement and ensuring that litigation against Purdue and the Sacklers can continue. No state attorney general or prosecutor has filed criminal charges against the Sacklers for their role in the opioid crisis.Informed of the campaign contributions, OxyJustice — a group founded by artist Nan Goldin, who has attracted notoriety for <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2019/mar/24/sackler-money-tate-modern-art-nan-goldin-oxycontin" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">organizing protests</a> that demand <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/arts/design/met-museum-sackler-opioids.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">art institutions return donations</a> from the Sackler — connected the donations to a settlement that recovery advocates feel is woefully inadequate. “We are alarmed, but not surprised, to learn of Purdue’s pervasive influence,” the group told The Intercept in a statement. “As we fight for transparency and accountability in Purdue’s bankruptcy, we demand that the government reject blood money—whether from campaign contributions or settlement offers. In court, the most important voices are being drowned out—those of the people harmed.”<div>
</div></div></div><div></div>co bankruptcy, now trying to use personal bankrupt to avoid liability
<a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/">https://theintercept.com/2019/09/19/purdue-pharma-bp-deepwater-pr/</a>
prerez lee f
<div data-reactid="230" style="box-sizing: border-box;">PURDUE PHARMA, the pharmaceutical firm that manufactures OxyContin and allegedly helped fuel widespread addiction to painkillers, has turned to some of the same corporate spin doctors hired by BP after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster.The relationship was revealed in a legal document disclosed on September 15 when Purdue filed for bankruptcy protection. The filing, designed to settle thousands of lawsuits over its role in the opioid epidemic, revealed creditors seeking payments from the Connecticut-based pharmaceutical giant.Bankruptcy documents have offered a window into corporate dark money in recent years. Coal company filings, reported on by The Intercept, <a href="https://theintercept.com/2015/08/25/coal-giant-bankruptcy-reveals-secret-ties-republican-dark-money-groups/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">have revealed ties</a> to <a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/05/16/coal-industry-climate-change-denial-cloud-peak-energy/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">nonprofits and operatives</a> who have harassed climate scientists and spread doubt about climate change. In the case of Purdue, bankruptcy filings show the company has worked with Purple Strategies and Dezenhall Resources, two controversial crisis communications firms. The drugmaker owes the firms almost $300,000, according to a list of creditors the company included in its Chapter 11 <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6421375-Purdue-Pharma-bankruptcy-filing.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">bankruptcy petition</a>.Josephine Martin, a spokesperson for Purdue Pharma, declined to comment.Purple Strategies was hired by BP shortly after the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster. The oil spill — the worst in U.S. history — killed 11 crew members and released nearly five million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, over the course of 87 days. In the following months, Purple Strategies carefully tracked public opinion and crafted strategies to limit the fallout for the company from the disaster. At one point, BP was spending an estimated <a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/Broadcast/bp-buys-search-engine-phrases-redirecting-users/story?id=10835618&page=3" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">$10,000 per day</a> to dominate Google search results with positive content. One staffer at Purple Strategies allegedly <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/chemrisk-bp-and-purple-st_b_4095131" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">falsely introduced</a> himself to a reporter as working with ChemRisk, a scientific consulting firm that published questionable research downplaying health risks from the spill.Dezenhall Resources helped oil giant ExxonMobil <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170521152257/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2006-04-16/the-pit-bull-of-public-relations" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">launch a variety of attacks</a> on its critics at Greenpeace in the early 2000s. The public relations department at one point reportedly staged a counterprotest to an environmental rally on Capitol Hill, complete with demonstrators carrying signs that read “Capitalism Rocks” and “Stop Global Whining.” Dezenhall later <a href="http://priceofoil.org/2006/04/07/exposing-exxons-pit-bull/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">allegedly</a> helped create a nonprofit that lobbed accusations of financial impropriety at Greenpeace, efforts that led to an IRS audit of the environmental advocacy group.The Washington, D.C.-based company was <a href="http://priceofoil.org/2006/04/07/exposing-exxons-pit-bull/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">retained</a> by <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2009/07/michael-jacksons-dc-story-024518" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Michael Jackson’s legal team</a> before child molestation allegations against the singer went public, as well as by attorneys representing Jeffrey Skilling, the former Enron chief executive who served 12 years in prison for one of the most brazen cases of financial fraud in U.S. history.DURING THE PAST DECADE, Purdue Pharma has attempted to shape the political and regulatory environment through <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/state-politics/pro-painkiller-echo-chamber-shaped-policy-amid-drug-epidemic/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">undisclosed payments</a> to patient advocacy groups, legal nonprofits, and lobbying organizations.In 2015, as the Obama administration worked to develop national prescribing standards that discouraged the use of addictive opioid painkillers, Purdue used third-party groups to undermine the effort. As <a href="https://theintercept.com/2015/12/23/oxycontin-cdc-politics/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">The Intercept reported</a>, several Purdue-funded groups, including the Pain Care Forum and Power of Pain Foundation, mobilized opposition to the proposed guidelines.Purdue also took steps to shield its owners, the Sackler family, from facing personal liability. The company previously <a href="https://theintercept.com/2018/02/23/purdue-pharma-oxycontin-opioid-crisis/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">donated to the Washington Legal Foundation</a>, a conservative litigation group, as part of an effort to weaken a legal standard used to prosecute corporate executives when their products cause widespread public health problems.</div><div data-reactid="240" style="box-sizing: border-box;">Purple Strategies has become a go-to firm for corporations seeking public relations and crisis communications consulting, <a href="https://www.purplestrategies.com/job-receptionist/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">working</a> with Fortune 500 companies like McDonald’s and Coca-Cola. The company has also worked with trade associations and nonprofits like <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/former-democratic-strategists-now-boost-gop/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America</a>, or PhRMA, which lobbies for drugmakers; <a href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/362087641/201713199349313856/IRS990" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">America’s Health Insurance Plans</a>, the nation’s top health insurance lobby; the <a href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/530045720/201533169349304028/IRS990" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">U.S. Chamber of Commerce</a>; liberal think tank <a href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/300126510/201710389349300716/IRS990" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Center for American Progress</a>; and <a href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/272429741/201743219349300524/IRS990" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">Center Forward</a>, a conservative Democratic nonprofit <a href="https://theintercept.com/2019/05/11/health-care-lobbyists-luxury-retreat/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">led mostly by lobbyists</a>.The firm employs high-profile Democratic and Republican campaign operatives. Alex Castellanos, a veteran GOP strategist and founding partner at Purple Strategies, has continued to serve as a <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6419186-National-Media-Inc-Annual-Report-0419.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">vice president</a> at National Media Inc., a Republican ad-buying company that shares offices with the bipartisan consulting firm. Mark Squier, another founding partner at Purple Strategies, previously served as a senior strategist to Howard Dean’s presidential campaign and advised the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee.National Media affiliates have worked with the <a href="https://www.thetrace.org/2018/12/trump-nra-campaign-coordination/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">National Rifle Association</a> and <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2018/11/pro-trump-dark-money-group-tax-return/" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">America First Policies</a>, a dark-money organization created to build support for President Donald Trump’s legislative agenda. America First Policies <a href="https://splinternews.com/how-big-pharma-invests-in-the-status-quo-1830492012" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">received</a> $2.5 million in 2017 from PhRMA, which <a href="https://www.phrma.org/about/members" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none;">lists</a> Purdue on its membership page.This story was reported in partnership between MapLight and The Intercept.</div><em style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; font-family: " noto="Noto" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" important="important">Open Secrets has a list of <a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/pacgot.php?cmte=C00370643&cycle=2016" target="blank" rel="noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; line-height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; outline: none; text-decoration-line: none; transition-duration: 0.35s; font-weight: 800;" noto="Noto" serif="serif">House and Senate candidates</a> Purdue’s PAC funded in the 2016, election: Democrat G.K. Butterfield and Republicans Gus Bilirakis, Michael Burgess, Tom Cole, Kevin Cramer, Darrell Issa, Robert Latta, Dan Coats, and Tim Scott at an amount of $1,000 each, and Republican Thom Tillis in the amount of $10k.<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2019/08/watch-richard-sackler-deny-his-familys-role-in-the-opioid-crisis/">https://www.alternet.org/2019/08/watch-richard-sackler-deny-his-familys-role-in-the-opioid-crisis/</a> no vidno lnxWatch Richard Sackler deny his family’s role in the opioid crisis Written by David Armstrong / ProPublica August 27, 2019This story is a collaboration between ProPublica, STAT and ABC News.
Four years ago this week, Dr. Richard Sackler sat in a conference room at a law office in a Louisville, Kentucky, office park. Lawyers for the Kentucky attorney general’s office were taking his deposition as part of the state’s lawsuit alleging that the family business, Purdue Pharma, illegally marketed the opioid painkiller OxyContin by understating its addictive properties.Sackler, who has been at various times Purdue’s president and co-chairman of its board, testified for more than eight hours. The lawyers asked him about his role at the company, what decisions he was involved in and whether he believes Purdue played any part in the opioid crisis that has resulted in more than 200,000 overdose deaths related to prescription drugs since 1999.
Despite hundreds of lawsuits against Purdue stretching back well over a decade, that August 2015 deposition, which was recorded on video, is believed to be the first time any member of the Sackler family was questioned under oath about their role in the marketing of OxyContin.
Four months after the deposition, Purdue agreed to pay Kentucky $24 million to settle the case. The company fought a legal battle for more than three years to keep the deposition secret. After the news organization STAT won a court decision in 2016 ordering its release, Purdue appealed all the way to the Kentucky Supreme Court. The court declined on Wednesday to hear the case, letting STAT’s lower court victory stand.
This past February, ProPublica obtained and published a transcript of the deposition. In a statement then, Purdue stood behind Sackler’s testimony. The video, however, remained unavailable. In April, comedian John Oliver called on his HBO show for its public release, saying it wasn’t “something that Purdue gets to bury.”
Now ProPublica has obtained the video and selected significant passages. Here are those excerpts:
Sackler was questioned about how much money he and his extended family have made from sales of OxyContin.
Profits From OxyContin Sales
Sackler was both a board member and an executive of Purdue, in addition to an owner. His role in conceiving, launching and overseeing the marketing of OxyContin is discussed here.
“It is Almost That I Dedicated My Life to It”
Lawyers for the state of Kentucky asked Sackler about emails showing Purdue created OxyContin for fear that its existing painkiller, MS Contin, would soon face generic competition.Generic Threat Pushes Purdue Pharma to Create OxyContin
Sackler was questioned about how Purdue incentivized its sales force to sell OxyContin and whether he thought the company’s marketing was appropriate.
Incentives for OxyContin Sales Reps

OxyContin Marketing Too Aggressive?

A 1997 email exchange, read to Sackler at the deposition, shows that he supported a decision by Purdue executives not to correct a misperception among doctors that OxyContin is weaker than morphine. In fact, OxyContin is twice as potent as morphine. Purdue pleaded guilty in federal court in 2007 to falsely promoting OxyContin by understating the risk of addiction to the drug, including failing to alert doctors that it was a stronger painkiller than morphine. In these clips, Sackler is questioned about the failure to tell doctors about the relative strength of OxyContin and how that may have benefited the company.
Oxycontin More Potent Than Morphine

Do Doctors Perceive Oxycontin as Weaker Than Morphine?

Sackler was asked about comments he made describing the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s rapid approval of OxyContin.
OxyContin Gets Speedy FDA Approval
At the deposition, Sackler disputed some of the findings in the 16-page statement of facts related to Purdue’s 2007 guilty plea. He also said that he never read the full statement.
Statement of Facts About Purdue Pharma’s Misconduct
Sackler Challenges Meaning of 2007 Settlement
Sackler quibbles over whether patients could develop a tolerance to OxyContin, as stipulated in the 2007 agreed statement of facts.
Health Care Providers Told OxyContin Patients Wouldn’t Experience Withdrawal Symptoms
Sackler said “I don’t know” more than 100 times during the deposition, including in response to this line of questioning about Sackler-owned businesses.
Sackler Questioned About His Positions at Company
Near the end of the deposition, Sackler was asked if Purdue was responsible for the epidemic of opioid addiction in Kentucky.
Sackler Denies Purdue Pharma Conduct Caused Increase in Opioid Addiction in Kentucky=settled in okla took less $ b/c threat of bankrupt?3/19<ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 20px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(241, 242, 243);"><li style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; padding: 17px 0px 23px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.33; border-width: 3px 0px 0px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgba(121, 131, 140, 0.2);"><a data-ga-action="Home Headlines: Headline" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2019/3/29/headlines/ny_sues_sackler_family_purdue_other_drug_cos_for_profiting_from_opioid_crisis" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px; border: 0px;">NY Sues Sackler Family, Purdue & Other Drug Cos. for Profiting from Opioid Crisis</a></li></ul><div style="text-align: center;">New York state announced a sweeping lawsuit against members of the Sackler family, the owner of Purdue Pharma, which makes OxyContin, the highly addictive drug at the center of the opioid epidemic. New York Attorney General Letitia James accused the Sacklers of masterminding a scheme that “literally profited off of … suffering and death.” This is Letitia James speaking at a press conference Thursday.<blockquote style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 30px; border-left: 3px solid rgb(241, 242, 243); vertical-align: top; text-align: start; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Attorney General Letitia James: “And as Purdue sold more and more opioids, the Sackler family transferred more and more and more wealth to their personal accounts. And as the lawsuits have piled up against the Sackler family and Purdue for their roles in this crisis, they continue to move funds into trusts and, yes, offshore accounts.”</blockquote>Purdue Pharma and the Sackler family are facing multiple lawsuits. A group of over 500 cities, counties and Native American tribes filed a lawsuit against the Sacklers last week, accusing them of lying about the dangers of OxyContin and deceitful marketing of the drug. The New York suit names five other opioid manufacturers, including Johnson & Johnson and Israeli company Teva.</div><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="https://rawstory.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=80b42ecc21f29763320aceb90&id=5e0c8bc953&e=4da1f92934" style="">Massive protest breaks out over Guggenheim Museum’s ties to Big Pharma: ‘Lock them up’</a><p style="margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" font-style="font-style" italic="italic" color="color" rgb="rgb" />Demonstrators dropped thousands of white slips designed to look like OxyContin prescriptions to highlight the Sackler family's role in fueling the opioid epidemic.=
=new an 1119Inside Purdue Pharma’s media playbook: How it planted the opioid ‘anti-story’

Written by David Armstrong / ProPublica November 21, 2019

In

2004, Purdue Pharma was facing a threat to sales of its blockbuster

opioid painkiller OxyContin, which were approaching $2 billion a year.

With abuse of the drug on the rise, prosecutors were bringing criminal

charges against some doctors for prescribing massive amounts of

OxyContin.That

October, an essay ran across the top of The New York Times’ health

section under the headline “Doctors Behind Bars: Treating Pain is Now

Risky Business.” Its author, Sally Satel, a psychiatrist, argued that

law enforcement was overzealous, and that some patients needed large

doses of opioids to relieve pain. She described an unnamed colleague who

had run a pain service at a university medical center and had a patient

who could only get out of bed by taking “staggering” levels of

oxycodone, the active ingredient in OxyContin. She also cited a study

published in a medical journal showing that OxyContin is rarely the only

drug found in autopsies of oxycodone-related deaths.

“When

you scratch the surface of someone who is addicted to painkillers, you

usually find a seasoned drug abuser with a previous habit involving

pills, alcohol, heroin or cocaine,” Satel wrote. “Contrary to media

portrayals, the typical OxyContin addict does not start out as a pain

patient who fell unwittingly into a drug habit.”The

Times identified Satel as “a resident scholar at the American

Enterprise Institute and an unpaid advisory board member for the

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.” But readers

weren’t told about her involvement, and the American Enterprise

Institute’s, with Purdue.

Among the connections

revealed by emails and documents obtained by ProPublica: Purdue donated

$50,000 annually to the institute, which is commonly known as AEI, from

2003 through this year, plus contributions for special events, for a

total of more than $800,000. The

unnamed doctor in Satel’s article was an employee of Purdue, according

to an unpublished draft of the story. The study Satel cited was funded

by Purdue and written by Purdue employees and consultants. And, a month

before the piece was published, Satel sent a draft to Burt Rosen,

Purdue’s Washington lobbyist and vice president of federal policy and

legislative affairs, asking him if it “seems imbalanced.”

On the day of publication, Jason Bertsch, AEI’s vice president of development, alerted Rosen to “Sally’s very good piece.”
“Great piece,” Rosen responded.Purdue’s

hidden relationships with Satel and AEI illustrate how the company and

its public relations consultants aggressively countered criticism that

its prized painkiller helped cause the opioid epidemic. Since 1999, more

than 200,000 people have died from overdoses related to prescription

opioids. For almost two decades, and continuing as recently as a

piece published last year in Slate, Satel has pushed back against

restrictions on opioid prescribing in more than a dozen articles and

radio and television appearances, without disclosing any connections to

Purdue, according to a ProPublica review. Over the same period, Purdue

was represented by Dezenhall Resources, a PR firm known for its

pugnacious defense of beleaguered corporations. Purdue was paying

Dezenhall this summer, and still owes it money, according to bankruptcy

filings.Purdue

funded think tanks tapped by the media for expert commentary,

facilitated publication of sympathetic articles in leading outlets where

its role wasn’t disclosed, and deterred or challenged negative

coverage, according to the documents and emails. Its efforts to

influence public perception of the opioid crisis provide an inside look

at how corporations blunt criticism of alleged wrongdoing. Purdue’s

tactics are reminiscent of the oil and gas industry, which has been

accused of promoting misleading science that downplays its impact on

climate change, and of big tobacco, which sought to undermine evidence

that nicotine is addictive and secondhand smoke is dangerous.

Media

spinning was just one prong of Purdue’s strategy to fend off limits on

opioid prescribing. It contested hundreds of lawsuits, winning

dismissals or settling the cases with a provision that documents remain

secret. The company paid leading doctors in the pain field to assure

patients that OxyContin was safe. It also funded groups, like the

American Pain Foundation, that described themselves as advocates for

pain patients. Several of those groups minimized the risk of addiction

and fought against efforts to curb opioid use for chronic pain patients.
Purdue’s

campaign may have helped thwart more vigorous regulation of opioid

prescribing, especially in the decade after the first widespread reports

of OxyContin abuse and addiction began appearing in 2001. It may also

have succeeded in delaying the eventual reckoning for Purdue and the

billionaire Sackler family that owns the company. Although Purdue

pleaded guilty in 2007 to a federal charge of understating the risk of

addiction, and agreed to pay $600 million in fines and penalties, the

Sacklers’ role in the opioid epidemic didn’t receive widespread coverage

for another decade. As backlash against the family swelled, the company

filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in September.“Efforts

to reverse the epidemic have had to counter widespread narratives that

opioids are generally safe and that it is people who abuse them that are

the problem,” said Caleb Alexander, co-director of the Center for Drug

Safety and Effectiveness at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public

Health, who has served as a paid expert witness in litigation alleging

that Purdue’s marketing of OxyContin misled doctors and the public.

“These are very important narratives, and they have become the lens

through which people view and understand the epidemic. They have proven

to be potent means of hampering interventions to reduce the continued

oversupply of opioids.”Satel,

in an email to ProPublica, said that she reached her conclusions

independently. “I do not accept payment from industry for my work

(articles, presentations, etc),” she wrote. “And I am open to meeting

with anyone if they have a potentially interesting topic to tell me

about. If I decide I am intrigued, I do my own research.”
As for

Purdue’s funding of AEI, Satel said in an interview that she “had no

idea” that the company was paying her employer and that she walls

herself off from information regarding institute funders. “I never want

to know,” she said. She didn’t disclose that the study she referred to

was also funded by Purdue, she said, because “I cite peer-reviewed

papers by title as they appear in the journal of publication.”

The

sharing of drafts before publication with subjects of stories or other

interested parties is prohibited or discouraged by many media outlets.

Satel said she didn’t remember sharing the draft with Rosen and it was

not her usual practice. “That’s very atypical,” she said. However, Satel

shared a draft of another story with Purdue officials in 2016,

according to emails she sent. In that case, Satel said, she was checking

facts.
Satel said she didn’t remember why the doctor with a patient

on high doses of painkillers wasn’t named in the Times story. The draft

she sent to Purdue identified him as Sidney Schnoll, then the company’s

executive medical director, who defended OxyContin at public meetings

and in media stories. In an interview, Schnoll described Satel as an old

friend and said her description of his patient was accurate. He left

Purdue in 2005 and now works for a consulting company that has Purdue as

a client, he said.
Purdue, in a statement, said it has held

memberships in several Washington think tanks over the years. “These

dues-paying memberships help the company better understand key issues

affecting its business in a complex policy and regulatory environment,”

it said. “Purdue has been contacted over the years by policy experts at a

variety of think tanks who are seeking additional context on industry

issues for their work. Our engagement has always been appropriate and

aimed at providing a science-based perspective that the company felt was

often overlooked in the larger policy conversation.” The company

declined to discuss specific questions about internal documents and

emails reviewed by ProPublica.

A spokeswoman for the Times,

Danielle Rhoades Ha, said in an email that the company doesn’t know the

details of how the Satel story was handled because the editors who

worked on it are no longer employed there. She noted that the Times

labeled the article as an “Essay” and cited Satel’s connection to AEI.

Currently, she said, Times editors “generally advise reporters not to

share full drafts of stories with sources in the course of

fact-checking,” but there is no formal rule.
Purdue launched

OxyContin in 1996, and it soon became one of the most widely prescribed

opioid painkillers. By 2001, it was generating both enormous profits as

well as growing concern about overdoses and addiction. That August, a

column in the New York Post opinion section criticized media reports

that OxyContin was being abused. The piece — headlined “Heroic

Dopeheads?” — mocked a “new species of ‘victim,’ the ‘hillbilly heroin’

addict.” The real victims, the article contended, were pain patients who

may lose access to a “prescription wonder drug.”
At 5:17 a.m. on the

day the article was published, Eric Dezenhall, the founder of

Washington, D.C., crisis management firm Dezenhall Resources, sent an

email to Purdue executives, according to documents filed by the Oklahoma

attorney general in a lawsuit against opioid makers.
“See today’s New York Post on OxyContin,” he wrote. “The anti-story begins.”

Purdue

had hired Dezenhall Resources that summer. Dezenhall’s hard-nosed

reputation fit the blame-the-victim strategy advocated by Purdue’s

then-president, Richard Sackler. “We have to hammer on the abusers in

every way possible,” Sackler wrote in a 2001 email quoted in a complaint

by the state of Massachusetts against the company. “They are the

culprits and the problem. They are reckless criminals.”
Purdue later

followed this approach to fend off a New Jersey mother who was urging

federal regulators to investigate the marketing of OxyContin. Her

daughter had died while taking the drug for back pain. “We think she

abused drugs,” a Purdue spokesman said without offering evidence. Purdue

later apologized for the comment.
However, pain patients with

legitimate prescriptions for OxyContin and similar painkillers can and

do become addicted to the drugs. The Centers for Disease Control and

Prevention warns that “anyone who takes prescription opioids can become

addicted to them,” and that “as many as one in four patients receiving

long-term opioid therapy in a primary care setting struggles with opioid

addiction.” A review article in The New England Journal of Medicine

reported rates of “carefully diagnosed addiction” in pain patients

averaged just under 8% in studies, while misuse, abuse and

addiction-related aberrant behaviors ranged from 15% to 26% of pain

patients.Although

Dezenhall Resources was working for Purdue until recently, it rarely

has been linked publicly to the company. Purdue paid Dezenhall a total

of $309,272 in July and August of this year and owes it an additional

$186,575, according to bankruptcy court filings. The total amount paid

to Dezenhall since 2001 was not disclosed in records reviewed by

ProPublica.
Dezenhall Resources has also defended Exxon Mobil

against criticisms from environmental groups and former Enron CEO

Jeffrey Skilling as he fought against fraud charges, according to a 2006

BusinessWeek profile of Eric Dezenhall that called him “The Pitbull of

Public Relations.” (Skilling was later convicted.) It reported that

Dezenhall arranged a pro-Exxon demonstration on Capitol Hill to distract

attention from a nearby environmental protest, and that the company

discussed a plan to pay newspaper op-ed writers to question the motives

of an Enron whistleblower. “We believe a winning outcome can only be

achieved by directly stopping your attackers,” Dezenhall Resources

states on its website.ProPublica

reviewed emails to Purdue officials in which Dezenhall and his

employees took credit for dissuading a national television news program

from pursuing a story about OxyContin; helping to quash a documentary

project on OxyContin abuse at a major cable network; forcing multiple

outlets to issue corrections related to OxyContin coverage; and gaining

coverage of sympathetic pain patients on a television news program and

in newspaper columns.
“Dezenhall

has been instrumental in helping with the placement of pain patient

advocacy stories over the last several years,” Dezenhall Executive Vice

President Sheila Hershow wrote in a 2006 email.
Eric Dezenhall told

ProPublica that he does not confirm or deny the identity of clients.

While declining to answer questions about Purdue, or comment on the

BusinessWeek article about him, he said that his company acts

appropriately and seeks fair and truthful coverage.
“We regularly

work with experts and journalists, including Pro Publica, to ensure

accuracy in reporting and persuade and dissuade them regarding various

storylines with facts and research,” he wrote. “Ultimately, these

journalists and experts decide how to use the information provided.”One of Dezenhall Resources’ first moves, after being hired by Purdue, was to cultivate Satel.

In July 2001, Hershow reported to Purdue officials that she and Eric

Dezenhall had lunch with Satel and the doctor was “eager to get

started.” Hershow said Satel had read a “debunking package” and was

“interested in doing an opinion piece on the medical needs of patients

being sacrificed to protect drug abusers.”
Satel said that the meeting with Dezenhall was not unusual, and that “I often talk to people who have interesting stories.”Satel

was raised in Queens and has an Ivy League pedigree. She attended

Cornell University as an undergraduate before going to medical school at

Brown University. She was a psychiatry professor at Yale University for

several years and then moved to Washington. For a little over a decade

beginning in 1997, she was a staff psychiatrist at a methadone clinic in

the city.
She has become an influential voice on opioids, addiction

and pain treatment. Her writings have been published in The Wall Street

Journal, USA Today, The Atlantic, Slate, Health Affairs, Forbes,

Politico and elsewhere. She frequently appears on panels, television

shows and in newspaper articles as an expert on the opioid crisis and

pain prescribing guidelines. “We’ve entered a new era of opiophobia,”

she recently told The Washington Post.Satel

has been a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute since

Among the notable figures who have spent time at AEI are the late

Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia and former Trump national security

adviser John Bolton. Current fellow Scott Gottlieb returned to AEI this

year after serving as commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration, which approves and regulates prescription drugs like

OxyContin.
Purdue

said its annual payments of $50,000 to AEI were part of the institute’s

corporate program. That program offers corporations the opportunity to

“gain access to the leading scholars in the most important policy areas

for executive briefings and knowledge sharing,” according to the

institute’s website. Corporations can choose between three levels of

donations: At $50,000 a year, Purdue was in the middle level, the

“Executive Circle.” Besides the annual payments, Purdue has also paid a

total of $24,000 to attend two special events hosted by the institute,

according to a company spokesman.Internal

emails show the main Purdue contact with AEI was Rosen, the drugmaker’s

in-house lobbyist based in Washington. In one email, Rosen described

the leaders of the think tank as “very good friends” and also noted that

former FDA Commissioner Mark McClellan ascended to that job after a

stint at AEI as a scholar. Rosen also organized a group of pain reliever

manufacturers and industry funded groups into an organization called

the Pain Care Forum. It met to share information on government

efforts to restrict opioid prescribing, according to records produced in

litigation against Purdue.
Veronique Rodman, a spokeswoman for AEI,

said the institute does not publicly discuss donors. She said that the

institute does not accept research contracts, and that its researchers

come to their own conclusions. “It makes sense” that Satel would be

unaware of AEI funders, she said.Dezenhall’s

courting of Satel soon paid off. A month after the lunch with Dezenhall

and Hershow, Satel defended Purdue’s flagship drug in an article for

the opinion page of The Boston Globe.
“Something must be done to keep

OxyContin out of the wrong hands, but the true public health tragedy

will be depriving patients who need it to survive in relative comfort

day to day,” she wrote.
In February 2002, AEI held a panel discussion

at its headquarters to answer the question, “Who is responsible for the

abuse of OxyContin?” The panel of experts included Satel, a Purdue

executive and a Purdue lawyer. Covering the event, Reuters Health

reported that the panel “mostly agreed that Purdue Pharma should not be

viewed as the culprit in the problem of the abuse of its long-acting

painkiller OxyContin.”
Two months later, Purdue approved spending

$2,000 to pay for Satel to speak to the staff of a New Orleans hospital

about addiction, according to internal company records. Satel said she

had “absolutely no memory of speaking at a hospital in New Orleans.” The

physician who organized the planned event said he doesn’t recall if it

took place, and the hospital no longer has records of medical staff

talks from that period.In 2003, a Dezenhall staffer recommended Satel as a guest to a producer for “The Diane Rehm Show” on NPR.

The firm and Purdue executives, including Vice President David Haddox,

helped prep Satel for the appearance. Haddox passed along what he called

“interesting intel for Sally” that Rehm’s mother suffered from chronic

headaches. “Thanks for helping us get her up to speed for the show,”

Hershow replied.
A spokeswoman for WAMU, the NPR station in

Washington that produced the Rehm show, said there was no policy to ask

guests about funding of their organizations, or if there was a financial

connection to the show’s topic. “For most segments, the producers would

try to bring as many perspectives to the table as possible so that

listeners would be better able to make their own informed judgment of

the topic at hand,” wrote the spokeswoman, Julia Slattery.
ProPublica was unable to reach Haddox for comment.Also

that year, when conservative radio commentator Rush Limbaugh revealed

that he was addicted to prescription painkillers, Purdue declined a

request from CNN for a company representative to discuss the news on the

air. Instead, Purdue recommended Satel, who assured viewers that

OxyContin was a “very effective and actually safe drug, if taken as

prescribed.” Dezenhall’s Hershow told Purdue executives in an email that

she was “very glad Sally went on.” Hershow, a former investigative

producer at ABC News, declined comment for this article.In

September 2004, Forbes magazine published a Satel article under the

headline, “OxyContin doesn’t cause addiction. Its abusers are already

addicts.”
“I am happy this morning!” Purdue’s then general

counsel, Howard Udell, emailed other company executives and Eric

Dezenhall with the subject line “RE: Forbes Article.” Three years later,

Udell and two other Purdue executives would plead guilty in federal

court to a misdemeanor criminal charge related to misleading patients

and doctors about the addictive nature of OxyContin.
As part of that

2007 settlement, Purdue admitted to acting “with the intent to defraud

or mislead” when it promoted OxyContin as less addictive and less

subject to abuse than other painkillers.

In an article for The Wall Street Journal headlined “Oxy Morons,” Satel

defended the company. “The real public-health damage here comes from

the pitched campaign conducted by zealous prosecutors and

public-interest advocates to demonize the drug itself,” she wrote.After

Purdue and Dezenhall launched their “anti-story,” media reports of

OxyContin addiction and abuse declined for several years. In 2001, there

were 1,204 stories that included the words “OxyContin,” “abuse” and

“Purdue” published in media outlets archived on the Nexis database. The

number plummeted to 361 in 2002 and to 150 in 2006.
Purdue’s counterattack against an ambitious investigative series about OxyContin abuse may have contributed to that drop.

An October 2003 series in the Orlando Sentinel, “OxyContin Under Fire,”

found that Purdue’s aggressive marketing combined with weak regulation

had contributed to “a wave of death and destruction.”The

series, however, was marred by several errors that were detailed in a

front-page correction nearly four months later. The reporter resigned,

and two editors on the series were reassigned. While acknowledging the

mistakes, the newspaper did not retract the series, and its review

upheld the conclusion that oxycodone was involved in a large number of

the overdoses in Florida.
Dezenhall Resources, in an email, took

credit for forcing the newspaper to issue the corrections. “Dezenhall’s

efforts resulted in a complete front-page retraction of the erroneous

5-day, 19-part, front-page Orlando Sentinel series,” Hershow wrote in a

2006 email summarizing Dezenhall’s work for Purdue under the subject

line “Success in Fighting Negative Coverage.”
Purdue officials and

the company’s public relations agencies came up with a 13-point plan to

generate media coverage of the errors. It included getting a doctor to

talk about how the series “frightened and mislead (sic) the people of

Florida” and having a pain patient write a newspaper opinion column on

the subject. The Sentinel series, one Purdue official wrote to other

company executives and Dezenhall’s Hershow, was an opportunity to let

the country know about “all of the sensational reporting on OxyContin

abuse over the past 4 years. The conclusion: this is the most overblown

health story in the last decade!”
In the six years after Purdue

challenged the Sentinel’s findings, the death rate from prescription

drugs increased 84.2% in Florida. The biggest rise, 264.6%, came from

deaths involving oxycodone. The state became a hotbed for inappropriate

opioid prescribing as unscrupulous pain clinics attracted out of state

drug seekers. The route traveled by many from small towns in Appalachia

to the Florida clinics was nicknamed the “Oxycontin Express.”In

2017, 14 years after the Sentinel series was published, the Columbia

Journalism Review described it as “right too soon” and said it “eerily

prefigured today’s opioid epidemic.”
Purdue couldn’t hold off

restrictions on opioid prescribing forever. Since 2011, a growing number

of states, insurers and federal health agencies have adopted policies

that have led to annual declines in prescribing. Advocates for pain

treatment have complained that this turnabout has gone too far, and the

CDC recently advised doctors against suddenly discontinuing opioids.

Still, the U.S. remains far and away the world leader in per capita

opioid prescriptions.Under

increasing pressure, Purdue enlisted other public relations firms known

for aggressively helping corporations in crisis. Burson-Marsteller,

which after a merger last year is now known as BCW, signed an agreement

in 2011 to provide Purdue “strategic counsel.” Burson-Marsteller

represented Johnson & Johnson as it responded to the Tylenol

poisoning case and Union Carbide after the deadly Bhopal explosion in

India. According to documents, it helped Purdue identify and counter

“potential threats,” such as congressional investigators and the group

Physicians for Responsible Opioid Prescribing. A 2013 proposed work plan

between the companies called on Burson to perform as much as $2.7

million of work for Purdue. BCW did not respond to requests for comment.Purdue also employed the services of Purple Strategies,

a Washington-area firm that reportedly represented BP after the

Deepwater Horizon disaster. Purdue paid $621,653 to Purple Strategies in

the 90 days prior to the drugmaker’s Sept. 15 bankruptcy filing and

owes it an additional $207,625, according to court filings. Purple

Strategies did not respond to requests for comment.
Purdue also added

Stu Loeser to its stable. The head of an eponymous media strategy

company, Loeser was press secretary for Michael Bloomberg when he was

mayor of New York City, and he is now a spokesman for Bloomberg’s

possible presidential bid.Soon

after Loeser began representing Purdue, Satel wrote in a 2018 piece for

Politico headlined, “The Myth of What’s Driving the Opioid Crisis,”

about “a false narrative” that the opioid epidemic “is driven by

patients becoming addicted to doctor-prescribed opioids.”Loeser

told Purdue executives in an email that “we are going to work with AEI

to ‘promote’ this so it comes across as what it is: their thoughtful

response to other writing.” His team was working to target the Satel

story “to land in social media feeds of people who have searched for

opioid issues and potentially even people who have read specific stories

online,” he added.
Loeser said in an interview that he didn’t end up working with AEI to promote the story. He said Purdue is no longer a client.

<a href="https://www.alternet.org/2019/01/made-in-america-how-big-pharma-and-our-health-care-industry-conspired-to-forge-a-national-epidemic/">https://www.alternet.org/2019/01/made-in-america-how-big-pharma-and-our-health-care-industry-conspired-to-forge-a-national-epidemic/</a>Writer Chris McGreal and host Robert Scheer zero in on the book “<a href="https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/chris-mcgreal/american-overdose/9781549171055/" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/chris-mcgreal/american-overdose/9781549171055/&source=gmail&ust=1547235992353000&usg=AFQjCNFfIw667u_Sdw8y2k-Rga4r4t3Buw" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; transition: color 0.3s ease 0s; cursor: pointer;">American Overdose: The Opioid Tragedy in Three Acts</a>” in this week’s episode of “Scheer Intelligence.”<div class="p0_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Scheer and McGreal, the book’s author and a correspondent for The Guardian and other news outlets, discuss how the opioid addiction crisis is largely an American epidemic. As McGreal notes, “Eighty-five percent of the world’s prescription painkillers are consumed in the United States, which is five percent of the world’s population.”<div class="p1_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="advertisement " style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="header" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 0px;">SPONSORED</div></div>Scheer and McGreal discuss how these legally prescribed drugs are so destructive, and arrive at “another unique American aspect” in play, which is that in the U.S., “health care is an industry … in which patients are not seen as people but as clients.”<div class="p2_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Big Pharma looms large in this crisis. According to McGreal, the pharmaceutical industry “persuaded the medical establishment that everybody needed access to these drugs, and so they got them inserted into hospitals through a program called ‘Pain as the 5th Vital Sign.’ ” And then there’s the Food and Drug Administration, which has lost sight of its stated mission of protecting consumers.<div class="p3_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">These and other factors—such as insurance companies cutting corners to cut costs, as well as patients conditioned to see themselves as clients and to follow a “pill for every ill” mentality—have exacted an immense cost, whether gauged in terms of health or wealth, in the blatant pursuit of profit. All the symptoms point to a sick system, with the drug industry free, at its heart, from anything resembling effective interventions from government or consumer sectors.<div class="p4_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Listen to McGreal’s conversation with Scheer or read a transcript of their conversation below:<div class="p5_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Robert Scheer: Hi, this is Robert Scheer with another edition of Scheer Intelligence, where the intelligence comes from my guests. In this case, it’s Chris McGreal, who’s written a really provocative book called “American Overdose: The Opioid Tragedy in Three Acts.” And I want to broaden the significance of your title, “American Overdose.” I think in many ways, we can look as a culture, at ourselves as having a culture that overdosed. What is powerful about your book is you have brought the insight, the wisdom, the world of experience, of a major correspondent, international correspondent for The Guardian; you’ve covered genocide, you’ve covered starvation, you’ve covered a lot of things. Reading your book, the thought that hit me was, hey—he’s writing about this country the way most of us American journalists have written about other countries. Like we’re coming from a superior society, we’re coming from an advanced civilization, we’re coming from a country where they really know how to do it—well, they don’t know how to do it in Rwanda, and they don’t know how to do it in China, and they don’t—OK. Your book actually sets us back on our heels and says, wait a minute. Maybe you people don’t know your own country. But this opiate crisis is really a failure of governance, of medicine, of logic, of science, in your country. And you know what else? You have some terribly poor people who have turned to the opiate to escape the reality of their life.<div class="p6_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Chris McGreal: Ah, one of the reasons it’s “American Overdose” is because it is actually a uniquely American, pretty much uniquely American phenomenon, this opioid epidemic. And that was one of the reasons I wanted to write it. I was really struck, I’ve been doing reporting for The Guardian for several years; when you write newspaper reports, big questions loom in your mind the more you do them. And they don’t always get answered in the articles. The two big questions that started to haunt me about this epidemic were, why is it largely an American epidemic? Eighty-five percent of the world’s prescription painkillers are consumed in the United States, which is five percent of the world’s population. And the other question that began to bother me, particularly when I was doing reporting in some of those marginalized communities you’re talking about, those places that are actually invisible to the rest of America, like southern West Virginia, like eastern Kentucky, bits of Ohio—they were drawn into this epidemic 20 years ago, and yet it’s now that we’re sitting here, and this country is now talking about it. It took 15 years for most of the United States to get around to recognizing, actually, that the worst drug epidemic in the country’s history has consumed the United States. And I was haunted by those questions, and I set out to answer them in the book. And one of the answers, in a nutshell, is another unique American aspect to this, which is healthcare is an industry, it’s not a service. In most of Europe, where you have public health systems, the patient comes first. And they have their shortcomings, they have their restrictions on financing, they have their complications. But essentially, they’re run as patient-based services. And in the United States, actually, it’s about the insurance industry; it’s about selling pills. It’s about an industry, and the patient is really just the mechanism, the grease that keeps that industry turning.<div class="p7_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: Well, the patient is the sucker. The medical industry, they’re the snake-oil salesman. I mean, clearly, that’s what’s the case in your book. And the reason it wasn’t noticed is, you know, we always think the other are going to be people of color, of another culture, another ethnic thing—no. A large part of the other that we ignore—we ignore their suffering, their problems—are white people in this country, of rural America, of forgotten America, the people who lost their jobs. And you capture them in this book, you actually are out there. And you hit on a key word in this crisis. We have led the world in criminalizing drugs that are not prescription drugs. And you put your finger on it: these are prescription drugs; some authorized person, some center of medical authority, has had to write that prescription, sometimes under very dubious circumstances—some pharmacy somewhere out in the hinterland or so forth. But these people are actually taking in—and you should take us through some of the drugs—they’re taking in devastating drugs, in some ways more devastating than the drugs that were branded as illegal. But they’re legal. They’re prescription drugs; they’re not being dispensed in a way that’s to the letter of the law, but some authority, somebody called a doctor with a medical degree or something, has actually authorized this. That’s the key to this epidemic.<div class="p8_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: It is. But the key to why they’re doing that—again, how the American medical system works. A lot of doctors that prescribed these pills did so because they thought it was the right thing to do. There is a minority of doctors that just made huge amounts of money running what became known as pill mills, giving opioids to anybody that wanted them. And they are responsible for a good part of this epidemic. But a lot of ordinary people became hooked on very powerful painkillers, narcotics—heroin in a pill, as DEA agents call it—because their doctors thought it was the right thing to do. And the reason that their doctors thought it was the right thing to do was, essentially, the pharmaceutical industry got hold of medical policy. There’s lots of paths that lead to this point, but the kind of two main, main highways, so to speak, are—one is a group of doctors who came to believe that prescription opioids could be used to treat routine chronic pain. Ever since the Civil War and the years after it, in which there was a morphine epidemic because soldiers were given morphine to treat their wounds, and after that, there became much wider use of morphine to treat pain. By the beginning of the 20th century, this country actually had a serious opioid epidemic. And for the first time, a president, Teddy Roosevelt, appointed a drug czar, an opium czar. And that drug czar described Americans as “the world’s worst drug fiends.” And that’s how bad it was. Once they contained that, the medical profession of the United States decided that these drugs were basically unsafe; they were too addictive. Fast-forward 50, 60 years, and you see the emergence of the hospice movement in England to use morphine to treat pain in cancer in dying patients. And that was a perfectly reasonable thing to do, because it hardly matters if they become addicted; they’re dying. That was brought to this country by a group of doctors who then essentially misrepresented the science of addiction in order to push those drugs. They were evangelical about it. And one of them, Russell Portenoy, now admits that he completely overstated the evidence for both their effectiveness, and more importantly, their safety. But the drug companies, of course, saw an opportunity. And once they leaped in, they took hold of the policy. And essentially what they did was, using front organizations, using well-meaning doctors, they did two things. They persuaded the medical establishment that everybody needed access to these drugs, and so they got them inserted into hospitals through a program called “Pain as the 5th Vital Sign,” ensuring that everybody got asked about pain and was treated with opioids. But they then unleashed their salesmen on the ordinary doctors. And one of the surprising things to me in researching this is you discover that doctors in this country only get two or three days of training for pain, in four years of medical education. They actually know very little about it. And some of whom were prescribing these drugs because the salesmen from the drug companies told them that they were safe and effective. And I’m saying, why did you believe them? They said, because we got more training on how to deal with a heart attack than we did in treating pain. Said, I’ve never seen—<div class="p9_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: Well, why are we accepting this? Come on, these doctors are pretty arrogant, pretty smart, pretty tough, pretty independent. And there must be another reason why they go along with some salesmen telling them that, you know, these drugs are without fault. I mean, they wouldn’t accept that—was there profit in it? Was it easier to do?<div class="p10_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: As always with this, there are several things at work. One of the things is, doctors day after day see people in chronic pain. And so actually, what they want to do, they’re doctors—I’m talking about the good doctors here, not those who made the millions from prescribing as a matter of professional unprofessionalism. But the doctors that did it because they thought it was the right thing to do, see people in chronic pain all the time. So you’ve got that; they want to help them. You have the pressure from the industry, which has persuaded the medical establishment that doctors are undertreating pain; so now the orders are coming down from the state medical boards, you’ve got to focus more on treating pain. You have the insurance industry, which when you are treating pain doesn’t want to pay for physiotherapy, because that’s an expensive, long-term business; they want to pay for a pill, which is cheap, relatively. You have the hospitals, who want the doctors to churn through a patient every 10 or 15 minutes. Now, if a doctor’s going to sit there and talk about physiotherapy or any of that, that takes a lot longer than writing the pills, the prescription for the pills. And then you have the pressure from the patient themselves. In this country, what has emerged over the past couple of decades and more, is what’s now described as a “pill for every ill” mentality, where the patient goes in, sees themselves as a client because they pay so much for their health insurance, and they demand a pill as the solution to their problem. So you’ve got all of these things playing—<div class="p11_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: I got you there. But let me step back. At the same time this is happening, there’s this huge prison population. Some of them are in prison because they smoked marijuana, or they’ve taken other drugs, right, that were prescribed as illegal. And you serve long sentences. We imprisoned a good chunk of Americans; we particularly savaged the black and brown community in this country. So these same doctors, health professionals, people running the insurance companies, people running the pharmaceutical companies, they’re happy with jailing people who are taking non-prescribed drugs, so-called illegal drugs. Yet they’re in the business—and in your book you make it quite clear, these legally prescribed drugs are every bit as destructive as the illegal drugs. So they’re sitting there in a system knowing that other folks are in jail because they’re dispensing similar drugs, but these things have been declared legal, and they’re giving them out with the same wanton disregard for the well-being of their patients at the end of the day. Because they’re not stupid. Go back to western Kentucky, maybe the folks there 20 years earlier didn’t know how dangerous, but by the time you’re covering this for the book, people know how dangerous this stuff is. And they’re still dispensing it legally. I want to get to that word, “legal,” and I want you to pick up on the theme you started with before that’s in your book: there’s something rotten about our medical system that makes the legal, dangerous drug acceptable.<div class="p12_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: My personal view of this is you’ve got three kinds of doctors. You’ve got those who saw it was going wrong and started to retreat. But you also have those who ignored the evidence and just went along with what the patients and the doctors wanted—the drug companies wanted, the hospitals wanted, the insurance companies wanted. And then you’ve got those that made a fortune from mass prescribing. But I think it would be a mistake to get too focused solely on the actions of the doctors. I think the doctors, even those who must have had their suspicions, ultimately a lot of them were guided by a bigger part of the medical profession. Which was, in the cases of the hospitals, there’s something called the Joint Commission. The Joint Commission essentially licenses hospitals in this country, and in the licensing of hospitals, it sets standards, and it sets standards for things like pain treatment. In doing so, the hospitals have to follow that, and the doctors then have to follow the hospitals. And what happened in that particular case is that the industry, through various front organizations, essentially got the Joint Commission on board with the idea of “Pain as the 5th Vital Sign”; that pain should be regarded and tested in the same way that your pulse is tested, and that it should be treated accordingly. The problem is that you can take your blood pressure and you can take your pulse, but you can’t take your pain level; you can’t measure it, it’s entirely subjective in the patient.<div class="p13_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: You say, on a scale of one to 10, where is your pain.<div class="p14_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: Precisely. And that’s why your smiley faces are on the wall. But the consequence of that is what one surgeon who I talked to in the book, Charles Lucas in Detroit, described to me as a tyranny, in which the hospitals, in order to comply with the Joint Commission, essentially required everybody’s pain to be addressed, even if taking the pills was actually bad for them. It was more important they didn’t have pain than they not become addicted, or that the pills themselves didn’t cause other damage. And when you unravel how all of that came about, what you discover is that the Joint Commission essentially ends up in a financial relationship with the industry. Particularly one drug company, Purdue Pharma, ends up writing the pain policy and the training manuals that the Joint Commission distributes to the hospitals, and then lets the Joint Commission keep the money from the sale of those training manuals and things to the doctors, to the hospitals. So the Joint Commission ends up with a financial benefit from distributing material written by the drug company, which is essentially training doctors to prescribe their drugs. There was enormous pressure on those doctors. Now, Charles Lucas, a surgeon, underprescribed, according to the hospital; he was hauled before ethics committees, one of his colleagues ended up in front of the state medical board. And they, because they’d been surgeons for decades, could stand up to the pressure and they were fine. But as he said to me, if you’re a junior surgeon in this hospital, and you have to put up with this, being hauled up before ethics committees and all the rest for not prescribing enough painkillers, what are you going to do in the end? You’re not going to face that with every patient. And he said, you know, he called it a tyranny; he said there’s this tyranny. And he ends up writing a paper for a prestigious medical journal called “Kindness Kills,” in which he documents how these pills are killing patients, but nobody wants to do anything about it.<div class="p15_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: But it’s not really kindness. We go back to the profit motive here. And you at the beginning of this interview mentioned that most of the world, the developed countries in the world, have a different way of dispensing medicine, and they’re concerned about the patient; that has some meaning. Here, the patient is what, the sucker, the client, the mark. So let’s talk about that. Because that’s, in your book one gets the sense—and here I’ll bring back the foreign correspondent. And in your book you’re describing us here as boobs, in a way. I’m not saying you were disrespectful. But it’s like, we’re people who have not been able to get straight with our medical system. So let’s try to focus a little bit on this critique of yours in the book, “American Overdose: The Opioid Tragedy in Three Acts.” You make the serious charge that we are the world’s leader in this problem. So what is it about our health system that has facilitated this?<div class="p16_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: Well, as I said earlier, it’s an industry. And I think that means medical policy isn’t necessarily guided by what’s good for the patient; it’s guided by what is profitable and what is easy. And it depends which part of the industry you’re talking about, and they’re sometimes in conflict. The insurance industry wants to keep its costs to a minimum; the drug industry wants to sell as many drugs as possible. Sometimes that comes together, sometimes it doesn’t. A kind of overriding element of this is the extent to which the pharmaceutical industry and medical industry as a whole has captured the institutions in America that are supposed to protect Americans from exactly this. Particularly institutions like the Food and Drug Administration, for instance. These are the bodies that are supposed to stand between the patient and the industry. And the FDA is a very good example of one of those institutions that began well and ended up where it now has. It protected Americans in the early sixties from a drug called thalidomide, which was being prescribed widely across Europe to pregnant women for morning sickness. And the FDA looked at this drug and said this, you know, we don’t see the testing is fully developed; we want to see more. And they stalled and stalled on this drug despite pressure from the manufacturer, but they wouldn’t approve it. And after a year, the dam burst in Europe and it was revealed that thousands of babies were being born with severe deformities. Americans were safe from that, and the FDA ends up in a position of great power over the drug companies as a result; Congress passes all kinds of laws and regulatory things. As time has gone, that’s been eroded for a number of reasons. But one of them is the philosophy that arose in the eighties, where industry ends up paying, supposedly paying, for the facilities offered by institutions like the FDA. So the industry starts paying for the licensing of its drugs. And of course, that’s a dangerous road to go down, because the industry’s then, essentially, instead of being the regulator and the regulated, it starts to enter into a business relationship. Now, the FDA gets 60 percent of its income from the drug industry. And that has completely changed the equation.<div class="p17_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: This is the agency that is supposed to objectively protect us, as consumers and patients, in our dealings with these companies. And you’re saying what percentage?<div class="p18_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: Sixty percent.<div class="p19_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: Of their income.<div class="p20_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">CM: Yes.<div class="p21_39" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">RS: Is coming from the drug companies....cory dbbSackler Family (<a href="https://boingboing.net/?s=sackler" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">previously</a>) are a family of self-styled philanthropist billionaires who have been largely successful in their campaign to whitewash their family name by giving away a few percentage points off the profits they earned from deliberately creating the opioid epidemic by tricking and bribing doctors to overprescribe Oxycontin, falsely claiming that it was not addictive, and promoting the idea that any doctor who left a patient feeling pain was engaged in malpractice. <a href="https://boingboing.net/2018/11/21/heroin-philanthropy.html" class="read-more" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;" libre="Libre" baskerville="Baskerville" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Read the rest</a><a href="https://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/richard-sackler-purdue-pharma-opioid-crisis">https://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/richard-sackler-purdue-pharma-opioid-crisis</a>Friday, the Financial Times <a href="https://www.ft.com/content/a3a53ae8-b1e3-11e8-8d14-6f049d06439c" style="text-decoration-line: none;">reported</a> that billionaire pharmaceutical tycoon Richard Sackler has secured a <a href="https://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=98,61,628.PN.&OS=PN/98,61,628&RS=PN/98,61,628" style="text-decoration-line: none;">patent</a> for a new drug to treat opioid addiction.The drug, a reformulation of buprenorphine, is essentially just a milder opioid that can blunt the symptoms of withdrawal while a person is being weaned off — competing variants of which are already generating nearly $900 million in U.S. sales.Sackler's family also happens to own Purdue Pharma, the company that first developed OxyContin — a powerful narcotic painkiller that has been <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain" style="text-decoration-line: none;">blamed</a> for spurring the epidemic of opioid addiction that has decimated communities all across America.<div style="margin-bottom: 20px;">In other words, Sackler made millions off of sales of a drug that caused a massive public health crisis — and now he stands to make millions more by selling the public a solution.Purdue, one of several drug companies that made a decades-long push for liberal prescription of opioids, is currently facing a <a href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-opioids-litigation/u-s-state-lawsuits-against-purdue-pharma-over-opioid-epidemic-mount-idUSKCN1IG2WU" style="text-decoration-line: none;">mountain of lawsuits</a>. Prosecutors in several states <a href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/new-strategy-suing-opioid-maker-blamed-addiction-crisis-target-family-n883091" style="text-decoration-line: none;">allege</a> Purdue was aware of the risk of addiction and overdose, but deceived doctors and patients and downplayed the risks to increase their sales — a charge the company denies. Massachusetts Attorney General Maura Healey directly names several members of the Sackler family as defendants.The National Institute of Drug Abuse <a href="https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis" style="text-decoration-line: none;">estimates</a> that up to 12 percent of patients prescribed an opioid develop an abuse disorder, and as many as 6 percent eventually switch to heroin. More than <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/images/data/OpioidDeathsByTypeUS.PNG" style="text-decoration-line: none;">115 people a day</a> are now killed by opioid overdoses.Rural areas have been <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3935688/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">especially impacted</a>, with an astonishing <a href="https://www.usda.gov/topics/opioids" style="text-decoration-line: none;">74 percent of farmers</a> reporting they or someone they know is suffering from opioid addiction.While increased availability of addiction treatment is a good thing, it is not a solution to the epidemic. Opioids remain a necessary tool to treat severe pain from surgery, cancer, and other serious conditions, but they must be used judiciously, and alternative therapies must be made available — particularly in lower-income rural areas where people are at higher risk.a million in lobbying, but small amt to cands?
<table class="DataTable datadisplay dataTable no-footer" id="recips" role="grid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; background: rgb(224, 230, 236); width: 574px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><tbody><tr role="row" class="odd"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Strange, Luther (R-AL)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Senate</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$2,500</td></tr><tr role="row" class="even" style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Butterfield, G K (D-NC)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="odd"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Carter, Buddy (R-GA)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="even" style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Issa, Darrell (R-CA)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="odd"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Paulsen, Erik (R-MN)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="even" style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Stivers, Steve (R-OH)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="odd"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Tillis, Thom (R-NC)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Senate</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="even" style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Walker, Mark (R-NC)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,000</td></tr><tr role="row" class="odd"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Pringle, David (D-NJ)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">House</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$500</td></tr><tr role="row" class="even" style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Murphy, Christopher S (D-CT)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Senate</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$60</td></tr><tr role="row" class="odd"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" nowrap="">Jones, Doug (D-AL)</td><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Senate</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$10</td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000022208id=D000022208">https://www.opensecrets.org/orgs/summary.php?id=D000022208id=D000022208</a>
2018 june<table class="datadisplay" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; background: rgb(224, 230, 236); width: 574px;" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;">Next Century Fund</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$7,041</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,041</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$6,000</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/usearch/img/y.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> National Republican Senatorial Cmte</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$5,105</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$5,105</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$0</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/orgs/img/cands.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> Strange, Luther</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$2,500</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$500</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$2,000</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/usearch/img/y.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> Connecticut Democratic State Central Cmte</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$2,000</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$2,000</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$0</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/usearch/img/y.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> Republican National Cmte</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,550</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,550</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$0</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/usearch/img/y.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> Republican Party of Ohio</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,500</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$0</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,500</td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/usearch/img/lp.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> 21st Century Majority Fund</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,041</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,041</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$0</td></tr><tr style="background-color: rgb(240, 243, 246);"><td style="padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;"><img src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/assets2.opensecrets.org/usearch/img/lp.gif" style="border: 0px; vertical-align: middle; padding-bottom: 2px; padding-right: 5px;" /> Nebraska Sandhills PAC</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,041</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$1,041</td><td class="number" style="padding: 5px; text-align: right; vertical-align: top;">$0...</td></tr></tbody></table><a href="https://www.democracynow.org/2018/6/1/origins_of_the_opioid_epidemic_purdue" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.democracynow.org/2018/6/1/origins_of_the_opioid_epidemic_purdue</a><ul class="multipart_items" helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-type: none;"><li helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" color="color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 22px 10px 22px 0px;"><a class="highlighted" data-ga-action="Multipart Interview: Next Story" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2018/6/1/origins_of_the_opioid_epidemic_purdue" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; border: 0px; pointer-events: none;">Part 1: Origins of the Opioid Epidemic: Purdue Pharma Knew of OxyContin Abuse in 1996 But Covered It Up</a></li><li helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" color="color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 22px 10px 22px 0px;"><a class="" data-ga-action="Multipart Interview: Next Story" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2018/6/1/pain_killer_author_barry_meier_on" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; border: 0px;">Part 2: “Pain Killer” Author Barry Meier on How West Virginia Became Ground Zero of Opioid Epidemic</a></li><li helvetica="Helvetica" neue="Neue" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" color="color" rgb="rgb" style="box-sizing: border-box; list-style-type: none; margin: 22px 10px 22px 0px;"><a class="" data-ga-action="Multipart Interview: Next Story" href="https://www.democracynow.org/2018/6/1/cities_states_sue_big_pharma_targeting" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; border: 0px;">Part 3: Cities & States Sue Big Pharma, Targeting the Firms Who Profited from Peddling Addictive Opioids</a></li></ul><div>
</div><div></div><div>=<a href="https://www.alternet.org/education/notorious-family-contributing-opioid-crisis-and-funding-charter-schools">https://www.alternet.org/education/notorious-family-contributing-opioid-crisis-and-funding-charter-schools</a>notoriously secretive Sackler family, also known as the OxyContin Clan, has been the subject of much scrutiny of late, including lengthy exposés in the <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain" style="text-decoration-line: none;">New Yorker</a> and <a href="https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a12775932/sackler-family-oxycontin/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Esquire</a>shining a harsh light on the connection between the drug that made the Sacklers <a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexmorrell/2015/07/01/the-oxycontin-clan-the-14-billion-newcomer-to-forbes-2015-list-of-richest-u-s-families/#4bef402175e0" style="text-decoration-line: none;">wealthy</a> and their philanthropic giving. But there is another troubling beneficiary of Sackler largesse that has escaped public scrutiny: charter schools. OxyContin heir and Purdue Pharma director Jonathan Sackler is a major funder of charters and an extensive network of pro-charter advocacy groups.Figuring out who is funding the latest charter school-promoting front group often feels like a game of whack-a-mole. That's why reading Patrick Radden Keefe’s recent New Yorker piece, “The Family That Built an Empire of Pain,” made so much fall into place. Keefe writes, “Purdue and other pharmaceutical companies have long funded ostensibly neutral nonprofit groups that advocate for pain patients.”The same influence techniques Purdue used to promote painkillers are now being used by Jonathan Sackler to expand charter schools.Promotional powerThe late Arthur Sackler, the eldest of three brothers who bought the company in 1952, was posthumously inducted into the Medical Advertising Hall of Fame, and cited for his achievement in “bringing the full power of advertising and promotion to pharmaceutical marketing.” Yet Allen Frances, former chair of psychiatry at Duke University School of Medicine, quoted in <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/how-oxycontin-was-sold-to-the-masses" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the</a> <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/how-oxycontin-was-sold-to-the-masses" style="text-decoration-line: none;">New Yorker</a><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/podcast/the-new-yorker-radio-hour/how-oxycontin-was-sold-to-the-masses" style="text-decoration-line: none;">piece</a>, highlighted the darker side of that power: “Most of the questionable practices that propelled the pharmaceutical industry into the scourge it is today can be attributed to Arthur Sackler.” As a copywriter at a medical advertising agency, Arthur Sackler devised strategies to promote drugs like Librium and Valium. Now, some of those same strategies are now being used with the aim of promoting charter schools.Jonathan Sackler, Arthur’s nephew, is a well-known name in the education reform movement. He founded the charter school advocacy group ConnCan, progenitor of the <a href="https://50can.org/about-us/board/jonathan-sackler/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">nationwide group 50CAN</a>, of which he is a director. He is on the <a href="https://www.achievementfirst.org/about-us/board/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Board of Directors</a> of the Achievement First charter school network. Until recently, Sackler served on the board of the New Schools Venture Fund, which invests in charter schools and advocates for their expansion. He was also on the board of the pro-charter advocacy group Students for Education Reform.Through his <a href="https://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2015/134/119/2015-134119735-0ce90302-F.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">personal</a> charity, the  Bouncer Foundation, Sackler donates to the abovementioned organizations, and an ecosystem of other charter school promoting entities, such as Families for Excellent Schools (<a href="https://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2014/134/119/2014-134119735-0b891979-F.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">$1,083,333 in 2014</a>, <a href="https://www.guidestar.org/FinDocuments/2015/134/119/2015-134119735-0ce90302-F.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">$300,000 in 2015</a> according to the Foundation’s Form 990s) Northeast Charter School Network ($150,000 per year in 2013, 2014 and 2015) and $275,000 to Education Reform Now (2015) and $200,000 (2015) to the Partnership for Educational Justice, the group founded by Campbell Brown which uses “impact litigation” to go after teacher tenure laws. Earlier this year, the <a href="https://50can.org/blog/welcoming-partnership-for-educational-justice-to-the-50can-network/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Partnership for Educational Justice joined 50CAN</a>, which Sackler also funds ($300,000 in 2014 and 2015), giving him a leadership role in the controversial—and so far <a href="https://prospect.org/article/new-jersey-teacher-tenure-lawsuit-dismissed" style="text-decoration-line: none;">failing cause</a>—of weakening worker protections for teachers via the courts.Just as Arthur Sackler founded the weekly Medical Tribune, to promote Purdue products to the medical professional who would prescribe them, <a href="https://www.the74million.org/supporters/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Jon Sackler helps to fund</a> the74million.org, the “nonpartisan” education news website founded by Campbell Brown. The site, which received startup funding from Betsy DeVos, decries the fact that “the education debate is dominated by misinformation and political spin,” yet is uniformly upbeat about charter schools while remarkably devoid of anything positive to say about district schools or teachers unions.Vertical integrationThe Sackler “special sauce” is vertical integration. As far back as the early 1960’s, staffers for Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver <a href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/10/30/the-family-that-built-an-empire-of-pain" style="text-decoration-line: none;">prepared a memo</a> for a subcommittee he chaired that was looking into the rapidly growing pharmaceutical industry. “The Sackler empire is a completely integrated operation in that it can devise a new drug in its drug development enterprise, have the drug clinically tested and secure favorable reports on the drug from various hospitals with which they have connections, conceive the advertising approach and prepare the actual advertising copy with which to promote the drug, have the clinical articles as well as advertising copy published in their own medical journals, [and] prepare and plant articles in newspapers and magazines.”This was used to great effect in promoting OxyContin. Art Van Zee MD looked at the <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2622774/pdf/221.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Marketing and Promotion of OxyContin</a> and found that in 2001 alone, the company spent over $200 million to market and promote the drug through a variety of methods. In <a href="https://www.ctnewsjunkie.com/upload/2016/02/usdoj-purdue-guilty-plea-5-10-2007.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the settlement</a> in the US District Court of Western Virginia, the company admitted to misbranding the drug with the intent to defraud and mislead the public.The company was lavish with branded swag for health care practitioners. According to a <a href="https://www.gao.gov/htext/d04110.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">GAO report</a>, these included, “OxyContin fishing hats, stuffed plush toys, coffee mugs with heat-activated messages, music compact discs, luggage tags, and pens containing a pullout conversion chart showing physicians how to  calculate the dosage to convert a patient to OxyContin from other opioid pain relievers.”The description of “lavish swag” will sound familiar to anyone who has witnessed one of the <a href="https://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20141012/BLOGS04/141019975/group-is-visible-but-not-its-donors" style="text-decoration-line: none;">no-expenses-spared charter school rallies</a> that are a specialty of Sackler-funded organizations like Families for Excellent schools. Then there is the dizzying array of astroturf front groups all created for the purpose of demanding more charter schools. Just in Connecticut, we’ve had the Coalition for Every Child, A Better Connecticut, Fight for Fairness CT, Excel Bridgeport, and the Real Reform Now Network. All of these groups ostensibly claim to be fighting for better public schools for all children. In reality, they have been lobbying to promote charter schools, often running afoul of ethics laws in the process.The GAO report went on to quote the DEA as saying the Purdue’s use of branded promotional items in the marketing of OxyContin was “was unprecedented among schedule II opioids, and was an indicator of Purdue's aggressive and inappropriate marketing of OxyContin.”Take Families for Excellent Schools, a “grassroots” group that claims to be about parent engagement, yet was <a href="https://www.wnyc.org/story/behind-pro-charter-school-group-fighting-de-blasio/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">founded by major Wall Street players</a>. In Connecticut, the <a href="https://www.ctnewsjunkie.com/archives/entry/op-ed_are_charter_advocacy_groups_skirting_ct_ethics_laws/" style="text-decoration-line: none;">group failed to register</a> its Coalition for Every Child as a lobbying entity and report a multimillion-dollar ad buy expenditure and the costs of a rally in New Haven. In Massachusetts, Families for Excellent Schools-Advocacy (FESA) recently had to cough up more than $425,000 to the Massachusetts general fund as part of a legal settlement with the Office of Campaign and Political Finance, the <a href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2017/09/11/pro-charter-school-group-pays-state-largest-campaign-finance-penalty/uQlWnaSnOC6CeHma74cPqN/story.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">largest civil forfeiture</a> in the agency’s 44-year history. Massachusetts officials concluded that FESA violated the campaign finance law by receiving contributions from individuals and then contributing those funds to the Great Schools Massachusetts Ballot Question Committee, which sought to lift the cap on the number of charter schools in the state, in a manner intended to disguise the true source of the money. As part of the settlement, the group was ordered to reveal the names of its <a href="https://politicsofhope.com/why-a-case-against-a-dark-money-charter-school-group-is-great-news-for-democracy.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">secret donors. Jonathan Sackler</a> was one of them.Patrick Riccards, a former CEO of ConnCan, the pro-charter group that Sackler founded in 2005, told me, “Jon went to Berkeley and in many ways fits into that idealistic mold. But at the same time it was he who made it clear to me that one of the reasons ConnCan existed was to leverage the investment in the charter community, in Achievement First, which is still the dominant charter school network in the state. [CT] The venture capital community ... has put tons of money into seeing Achievement First grow, first in Connecticut, then in New York, then in Rhode Island.”It’s all part of the model, concluded Riccards. “While you have a public vision of great public schools for all, ConnCan’s focus was: how does the charter industry continue to grow? Every year, ConnCan’s fight was how do we increase the number of seats, and how do we increase the per pupil expenditure?”Staggering tollOxyContin was approved for use in treating moderate to severe pain in 1995. Purdue was determined to make the drug a hit, and funded doctors like Russell Portenoy, who said in a 1993 interview with <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/25/science/the-delicate-balance-of-pain-and-addiction.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">the New York Times</a>: "There is a growing literature showing that these drugs can be used for a long time, with few side effects and that addiction and abuse are not a problem.”Except that the literature was based on short-term usage, not on long-acting opioids taken over extended periods of time. By 2003, Portenoy admitted to the Times that he had misgivings about how he and other pain specialists had used the research. Although he had not intended to mischaracterize it or to mislead fellow doctors, he had tried to counter claims that overplayed the risk of addiction. But if not for such mischaracterizations, the Sacklers wouldn’t be as wealthy, and America might not be suffering from a public health crisis that is costing the country an <a href="https://wolterskluwer.com/company/newsroom/news/2016/09/costs-of-us-prescription-opioid-epidemic-estimated-at-usd78.5-billion.html" style="text-decoration-line: none;">estimated $78.5 billion a year.</a>Even as the scope and scale of the opioid epidemic unfolds, the fortune OxyContin built continues to grow. In the case of OxyContin heir Jonathan Sackler, part of that fortune is being devoted to expanding charter schools and weakening protections for teachers in traditional public schools. Patrick Keefe’s New Yorker feature ends with a stunning statistic: “An addicted baby is now born every half hour.” He asks whether such devastation should give pause to organizations that benefit from the Sacklers' extensive philanthropy. In the case of the charter schools and education reform advocacy groups that Jonathan Sackler funds, the answer to that question should be obvious. =opensecrets 6/18 70 hitsDonor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 1 - 50 of 288 ... Money to Parties, SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065, PURDUE PHARMA, 10-30-2015, $33,400.00, Republican National ...Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 51 - 100 of 285 ... Money to Candidates, SACKLER, CLARE SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94102, FILMMAKER, 09-27-2016, $1,000.00, Clinton, Hillary (D).Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 51 - 100 of 288 ... Money to Candidates, SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065, SELF -EMPLOYED, 11-23-2015, $2,700.00, Fiorina, Carly (R).Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 1 - 50 of 287 ... Money to PACs, SACKLER, ARTHUR NEW YORK, NY 10004, DR. KADE PHARMA, 04-10-2016, $2.00, Progressive Change Campaign ...Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 1 - 50 of 288 ... Money to Candidates, SACKLER, ART BETHESDA, MD 20817, ATTORNEY, 10- 09-2016, $5.00, Clinton, Hillary (D). Money to Candidates ...Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 1 - 50 of 288 ... Money to Candidates, SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830, PURDUE PHARMA, 01-30-2015, $2,600.00, Bennet, Michael F ...Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 251 - 287 of 287 ... Money to PACs, SACKLER, ARTHUR NEW YORK, NY 10004, DR KADE PHARMA, 10-10-2016, $5.00, ActBlue. Money to PACs ...Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 251 - 287 of 287 ... Money to PACs, SACKLER, LORI TENAFLY, NJ 07670, MORGAN STANLEY, 08- 16-2016, $5,075.00, Correct The Record. Money to ...Donor Lookup • OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/.../results?...sackler... Records 1 - 50 of 288 ... Money to Parties, SACKLER, JESSIE B PLANO, TX 75024, UNEMPLOYED, 12- 28-2016, $18.00, Democratic Congressional Campaign ...Lobbying Spending Database Sackler, Arthur B, 2014 | OpenSecretshttps://www.opensecrets.org/lobby/lobbyist_contribs.php?id... Lobbyist total: $1,500 to Democrats: $1,000 to Republicans: $500 to recipients not affiliated with a political party: $0. Family total: $1,500 to Democrats: $1,000=<table class="u-mt2" style="line-height: inherit; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-spacing: 0px; width: 1000px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-top: 1.17647rem !important;"><tbody style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-30-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$33,400.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Republican National Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, DAME JILLIAN NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">AMS FOUNDATION</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">09-15-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$33,400.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Democratic Congressional Campaign Cmte (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, DAME JILLIAN NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">AMS FOUNDATION</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">07-29-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$33,400.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Democratic Congressional Campaign Cmte (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JACQUELINE P MRS NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">HOMEMAKER</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-30-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$33,400.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Republican National Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, RAYMOND R MD GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-23-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$10,000.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Connecticut Democratic State Central Cmte (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">09-28-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$10,000.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Connecticut Democratic State Central Cmte (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN DAVID GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PORDOE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">08-29-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$9,800.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">DNC Services Corp (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-30-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$8,200.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Republican National Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D MR GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$6,250.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">National Republican Senatorial Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, LORI TENAFLY, NJ 07670</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">MORGAN STANLEY</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">08-16-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$5,075.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Correct The Record</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA INC.</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">03-10-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$5,000.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Purdue Pharma</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$3,125.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">National Republican Senatorial Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER D A MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">STILLWATER HOLDINGS</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">01-26-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$3,125.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">National Republican Senatorial Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category green" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Parties</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$3,125.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">National Republican Senatorial Cmte (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">06-28-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Bennet, Michael F (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">06-28-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Bennet, Michael F (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">03-03-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Graham, Lindsey (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">06-28-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Bennet, Michael F (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JACQUELINE MRS NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">HOMEMAKER</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">11-23-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Fiorina, Carly (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SELF-EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">11-23-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Fiorina, Carly (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">05-06-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Himes, Jim (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SELF EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">01-13-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Grayson, Dena (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">05-06-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Himes, Jim (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN DAVID GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHAMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">08-29-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Clinton, Hillary (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BEVERLY GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">07-06-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Bennet, Michael F (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BEVERLY GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">07-06-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Bennet, Michael F (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="c-red u-center" colspan="6" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; fill: currentcolor; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); text-align: center !important;">FEDERAL LAW PROHIBITS THE USE OF CONTRIBUTOR INFORMATION FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOLICITING CONTRIBUTIONS OR FOR ANY COMMERCIAL PURPOSE.</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10023</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PSYCHOLOGIST</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">03-04-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Clinton, Hillary (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">03-03-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,700.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Heaney, Andrew (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">01-30-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,600.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Bennet, Michael F (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, LORI TENAFLY, NJ 07670</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">MORGAN STANLEY</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">08-05-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Clinton, Hillary (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NORTH BAY ASSOCIATES</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">12-25-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Leaders in Education PAC</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D MR GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">04-08-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,083.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Next Century Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,083.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Kelly PAC (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D MR GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,083.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">21st Century Majority Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">12-21-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$2,000.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Majority Cmte PAC (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-23-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">McGinty, Katie (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">11-14-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Campbell, Foster (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-23-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Duckworth, Tammy (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PSYCHOLOGIST</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-23-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Masto, Catherine Cortez (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-23-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Hassan, Maggie (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PSYCHOLOGIST</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">10-23-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,500.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Kander, Jason (D)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">21st Century Majority Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D MR GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">04-17-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Next Century Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">01-26-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">21st Century Majority Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">01-26-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Kelly PAC (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">04-17-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Next Century Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Kelly PAC (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, MORTIMER MR NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">INVESTOR</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">04-08-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Next Century Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category purple" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to PACs</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, JONATHAN D MR GREENWICH, CT 06830</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">PURDUE PHARMA LP</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">02-02-2015</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,041.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">21st Century Majority Fund (R)</td></tr><tr style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit;"><td class="category orange" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; position: relative; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Money to Candidates</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">SACKLER, BETH NEW YORK, NY 10065</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">NOT EMPLOYED</td><td class="u-nowrap" style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); white-space: nowrap !important;">11-03-2016</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">$1,000.00</td><td style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0.88235rem 1.76471rem 0.88235rem 0px; vertical-align: baseline; box-sizing: inherit; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);">Clinton, Hillary (D)</td></tr></tbody></table></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>