gmi
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">this is a tag for geo marshell inst</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no text 8/16</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GMI</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">WASHINGTON -- Non-profit organizations with ties to energy interests are promoting a controversial new study as proof that prevailing views of global warming are wrong.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The scientists who wrote the study contend that the global warming of recent decades is not without precedent during the past 1,000 years, as other scientists have claimed. In fact, they say the Earth was even warmer during what is known as the "medieval warm period" between A.D. 900 and 1300.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The paper has touched off a worldwide storm of e-mail among climate scientists, some of whom have proposed organizing a research boycott of two journals that published the study.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The links among authors of the new study, the non-profit groups and the energy interests illustrate a three-way intersection of money, science and policy. Energy interests underwrote the study and help finance the groups that are promoting it.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study also illustrates a strategy adopted by some energy companies in the late 1980s to attack the credibility of climate science, said John Topping, president of the Climate Institute and a former Republican congressional staffer who founded the institute in 1986.</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">he study, <b>"Reconstructing Climatic and Environmental Changes of the Past 1,000 Years: A Reappraisal," was published several weeks ago in a British scientific journal, Energy and Environment.</b> The authors contend in the 65-page paper that their reanalysis of data from more than 200 climate studies provides evidence of global temperature shifts that are more dramatic than the current one.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The research was underwritten by the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22American+Petroleum+Institute%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none;">American Petroleum Institute</a>, </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the trade association of the world's largest oil companies. Two of the five authors are scientists who have been linked to the coal industry and have received support from the </span><a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22ExxonMobil%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">ExxonMobil</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Foundation. Two others, who are affiliated with the </span><a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Harvard-Smithsonian+Center+for+Astrophysics%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, also have the title of "senior scientists" with a Washington-based organization supported by ExxonMobil Corp.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The organization, the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22George+T.+Marshall+Institute%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">George T. Marshall Institute</a>, is headed by <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22William+O%27Keefe%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">William O'Keefe</a>, a former executive of the American Petroleum Institute. He also was at one time the president of the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Global+Climate+Coalition%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Global Climate Coalition</a>, a now-defunct organization created by oil and coal interests to lobby against U.S. participation in climate treaties, such as the Kyoto Protocol.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Statements made about the warming trend of the 20th century and the 1990s do not withstand close scrutiny," O'Keefe said at a luncheon for study author Willie Soon, a physicist and astronomer with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center, to present a summary of the new research.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Major news organizations did not publish a Harvard-Smithsonian Center news release that declared that the scientists "determined" that the warming trend is neither the hottest nor the most dramatic change in the past 1,000 years. But it was picked up by the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Discovery+Channel+Online%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Discovery Channel Online</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That article was copied and distributed by the staff of the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Senate+Environment+and+Public+Works+Committee%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Senate Environment and Public Works Committee</a>, headed by Sen.<a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22James+Inhofe%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">James Inhofe</a>, R-Okla., a climate-change skeptic.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The principal target of the paper was <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Michael+Mann%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Michael Mann</a> of the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22University+of+Virginia%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">University of Virginia</a>, whose compilation of thousands of proxy indicators led to the conclusion that the past two decades have been unusually warm.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mann said the Soon study does not even attempt to reconstruct global average temperatures, but simply highlights anecdotal evidence of isolated trends. Soon acknowledged that his research does not provide a comprehensive picture.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The energy industry provides significant funding for groups that employ some of the authors or promote their new study. Soon's co-authors were <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Sallie+Baliunas%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Sallie Baliunas</a>, also from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center; <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Sherwood+Idso%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Sherwood Idso</a> and his son, <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Craig+Idso%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Craig Idso</a>of Tempe, Ariz., who are the former president and the current president of the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Center+for+the+Study+of+Carbon+Dioxide%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide</a> and Global Change; and <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22David+Legates%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">David Legates</a>, a climate researcher at the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22University+of+Delaware%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">University of Delaware</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Idsos, who have been linked to Western coal interests, do not reveal financial sources. But IRS records filed by ExxonMobil Foundation show that it provided a grant of $15,000 to the center in 2000.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These records and others show that ExxonMobil Foundation and ExxonMobil Corp. also have contributed $160,000 to the George T. Marshall Institute in the past three years and more than $900,000 to the <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Competitive+Enterprise+Institute%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Soon declined to say how much he is paid to serve as a "senior scientist" with the Marshall Institute. Both he and Baliunas have that title.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other board members include techno-suspense novelist <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Thomas+Clancy%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Thomas Clancy</a> Jr., newspaper columnist <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Charles+Krauthammer%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Charles Krauthammer</a>, Dr.<a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Bernadine+Healy%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Bernadine Healy</a>, former director of <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22The+National+Institutes+of+Health%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">the National Institutes of Health</a>, and <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Frederick+Seitz%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Frederick Seitz</a> of <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Rockefeller+University%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Rockefeller University</a>.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Ross+Gelbspan%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Ross Gelbspan</a>, a former <a href="http://www.seattlepi.com/search/?action=search&channel=national&inlineLink=1&searchindex=gsa&query=%22Boston+Globe%22" style="display: inline; text-decoration: none; background-color: transparent;">Boston Globe</a> reporter and editor whose 1997 book, "The Heat is On," details industry efforts to discredit climate change science, said conclusions that greenhouse gases are causing the planet to heat up are the result of the "most rigorously peer-reviewed scientific collaboration in history.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 26px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The contradictory statements of a tiny handful of discredited scientists, funded by big coal and big oil, represent a deliberate -- and extremely reckless -- campaign of deception and disinformation."</font></p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 24px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="line-height: 26px;">http://www.seattlepi.com/national/article/Foes-of-global-warming-theory-have-energy-ties-1116097.php</span></font></p></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></div>