LeFevre, R

==

RR 1st choice, but went to ?===

But Charles was already falling under the sway of a charismatic radio personality named Robert LeFevre, founder of the Freedom School, a whites-only libertarian boot camp in the foothills above Colorado Springs, Colorado. LeFevre preached a form of anarchic capitalism in which the individual should be freed from almost all government power. Charles soon had to make a choice. While the Birchers supported the Vietnam War, his new guru was a pacifist who equated militarism with out-of-control state power. LeFevre's stark influence on Koch's thinking is crystallized in a manifesto Charles wrote for the Libertarian Review in the 1970s, recently unearthed by Schulman, titled "The Business Community: Resisting Regulation." Charles lays out principles that gird today's Tea Party movement. Referring to regulation as "totalitarian," the 41-year-old Charles claimed business leaders had been "hoodwinked" by the notion that regulation is "in the public interest." He advocated the "barest possible obedience" to regulation and implored, "Do not cooperate voluntarily, instead, resist whenever and to whatever extent you legally can in the name of justice."

===

wiki

Robert LeFevre (13 October 1911 – 13 May 1986)<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[1]</a> was an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">American</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">libertarian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" title="Business" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">businessman</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio" title="Radio" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">radio</a> personality, and primary theorist of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">autarchism</a>.

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#Early_life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1 Early life</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#Freedom_School" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">2 Freedom School</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#Views" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3 Views</a>

<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#Pacifism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">3.1 Pacifism</a></li>

</ul>

</li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#In_popular_culture" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">4 In popular culture</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#Bibliography" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">5 Bibliography</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">6 Notes</a></li>

<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">7 External links</a></li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Early life<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

LeFevre was a follower of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22I_AM%22_Activity" title="" i="I" am="AM" activity="Activity" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">"I AM" movement</a> from 1936 to 1940 or so.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a> He and one Pearl Diehl wrote a book in 1940 of their experiences in the organization called “I AM”—America’s Destiny (Twin City House, St. Paul, Minnesota). LeFevre told how one day, when he was in the radio station studio, he was struck by the Great I AM presence, who spoke to him personally. LeFevre also claimed a number of supernatural experiences: driving a car while asleep for over twenty miles without an accident (this was accomplished with the help of his “Higher Mental Body”), leaving his physical body for a trip through the air to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Shasta" title="Mount Shasta" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Mount Shasta</a>, and seeing Jesus.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

In 1940, I AM leaders Edna Ballard and her son Donald were indicted by a grand jury in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Los Angeles</a> for use of the mails to defraud. Twenty-four other I AM leaders were also named in the first indictment; a supplemental indictment named LeFevre and Diehl as being defendants. During <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">World War II</a>, LeFevre served as an officer in the education and orientation division of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Corps" title="United States Army Air Corps" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Army Air Corps</a> before being discharged in 1945 after spending a year in Europe and being injured in an accident. Soon after, he and his wife went on a cross-country lecture tour “in a pilgrimage for world peace.” Their tour was bankrolled by the Falcon Lair Foundation, a nonprofit group interested in religion, philosophy and government whose headquarters were <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falcon_Lair" title="Falcon Lair" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Falcon Lair</a>, Beverly Hills, California (the former home of actor <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Valentino" title="Rudolph Valentino" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Rudolph Valentino</a>).<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

After the War, LeFevre went to California and worked in the real estate business and unsuccessfully ran for Congress in the Republican primary of 1950. He then became radio and television broadcaster becoming involved in anti-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">leftist</a> causes, including work for an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_busting" title="Union busting" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">anti-union organization</a> named the Wage Earners Committee. A year later the committee was sued by two movie producers, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Kramer" title="Stanley Kramer" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Stanley Kramer</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dore_Schary" title="Dore Schary" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Dore Schary</a>, for picketing and libeling their films as being pro-<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet" title="Soviet" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Soviet</a>. LeFevre and Ruth Dazey were among the defendants, but the case died when the Wage Earners Committee disintegrated. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[3]</a>

A few years later he became vice-president of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merwin_K._Hart" title="Merwin K. Hart" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Merwin K. Hart</a>’s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Economic_Council" title="National Economic Council" class="mw-disambig" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">National Economic Council</a>; a director of the Congress of Freedom; a director of the U.S. (sometimes United States) Day Committee— whose purpose it was to diminish in importance the observation of October 23 as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Day" title="United Nations Day" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United Nations Day</a>—and an adviser to Harry Everingham’s ''We, The People!". The U.S. Day Committee made headlines in 1954 when LeFevre led an attack on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girl_Scouts_of_the_USA" title="Girl Scouts of the USA" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Girl Scout</a> Handbook as having too many references to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">United Nations</a>. The Scouts retreated, reporting that more than forty changes had been made—about half of which were due to LeFevre’s protests.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

That same year LeFevre relocated to Colorado Springs and started to write editorials for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.C.Hoiles" title="R. C. Hoiles" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">R. C. Hoiles</a>’ Gazette-Telegraph. Two years later he founded the Freedom School.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

What animated LeFevre personally and the Freedom School ideologically—indeed, forms the bedrock upon which all courses were based—is a complicated philosophy that, in essence, rejects all government of modern times.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-floonet-2" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[2]</a>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Freedom School<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Freedom School" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

After Rampart College's closure in 1975, LeFevre carried on his work in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">South Carolina</a> under the patronage of business giant <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Milliken" title="Roger Milliken" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Roger Milliken</a>, and he also publishedLefevre's Journal from 1974 to 1978. In 1979, LeFevre selected Freedom School graduate Kevin Cullinane to take over the teaching of Freedom School Seminars, including the Milliken Contract. Cullinane, who taught the principles of LeFevre's philosophy to students at Academy of the Rockies, which he had founded in 1972, taught Freedom School from 1979 until 2005 as part of Milliken's management training. He expanded its reach to include Sherman College, Wofford College, and individual seminars from coast to coast. Freedom School continues today from Tennessee, where Cullinane moved in 2000 to found Freedom Mountain Academy.

Notable teachers at the Freedom School or Rampart College include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Rose Wilder Lane</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Milton Friedman</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.A.Harper" title="F.A. Harper" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">F.A. Harper</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Frank Chodorov</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Leonard Read</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Tullock" title="Gordon Tullock" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Gordon Tullock</a>,<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.Warren_Nutter" title="G. Warren Nutter" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">G. Warren Nutter</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Leoni" title="Bruno Leoni" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Bruno Leoni</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_J._Martin" title="James J. Martin" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">James J. Martin</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Ludwig von Mises</a>.

Notable graduates include <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Childs" title="Roy Childs" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Roy Childs</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerry_Wendell_Thornley" title="Kerry Wendell Thornley" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Kerry Thornley</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_MacBride" title="Roger MacBride" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Roger MacBride</a>, and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_Koch" title="Fred Koch" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Fred</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Charles Koch</a>.

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Views<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Views" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<div class="hatnote relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 22.4px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Main article: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Autarchism</a></div>

<h3 style="font-weight: bold; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Pacifism<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pacifism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>

<p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 22.4px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">LeFevre was also famously a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">pacifist</a>, and taught his brand of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">libertarianism</a> during the 1960s at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_School" title="Freedom School" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Freedom School</a>, later <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampart_College" title="Rampart College" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Rampart College</a>.<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-rfc-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a>:312 Given his dedication to pacifism, LeFevre also spoke out against war as a product of the state. He once gave a speech called "Prelude to Hell" to a local <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lions_Club" title="Lions Club" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Lions Club</a> about what it would be like for a typical American city to get nuked as a result of "those mighty, terrible, pointless conflicts that the modern state inevitably creates."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-rfc-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a>:318 According to Doherty, LeFevre was "capable of facing down angry <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel" title="Lieutenant colonel" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">lieutenant colonels</a>, who raged at his pacifistic refusal to fight for the flag, and explaining his theory of human rights so patiently, so guilelessly, that in the end the crusty colonel had to admit that LeFevre was right to stand his ground."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-rfc-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a>:319 According to Robert Smith, LeFevre became convinced of the power of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_resistance" title="Nonviolent resistance" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">non-violent resistance</a> after a run-in with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">union</a>. "I remember him telling the story," says Smith, "of union goons busting into a radio station he worked at. And he just fell flat on the ground and lay there. They were so nonplussed they walked out without beating the shit out of him. That convinced him of the principles of nonviolence."<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_note-rfc-5" style="text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; background: none;">[5]</a>:319

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">In popular culture<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In popular culture" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Bibliography<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Anarchy (1959)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Nature of Man and His Government (Caxton Printing, 1959) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0870040863" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN 0-87004-086-3</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/books/thisbreadismine.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">This Bread is Mine</a> (American Liberty Press, 1960)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Constitutional Government in the Soviet Union (Exposition Press, 1962; Pine Tree Press, 1966)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Limited Government- Hope or Illusion? (Pine Tree Press, 1963)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Role of Private Property in a Free Society (Pine Tree Press, 1963)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Anarchy v. Autoarchy (Pine Tree Press, 1965)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Money (Pine Tree Press, 1965)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/books/ownership.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 18px; background: url("http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif") 100% 50% no-repeat;">The Philosophy of Ownership</a> (Pine Tree Press, 1966, 1985; Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Justice (Rampart College, 1972)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Lift Her Up Tenderly (Pine Tree Press, 1976)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Does Government Protection Protect? (Society for Libertarian Life ed, Rampart Press, 1978)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Good Government: Hope or Illusion?(Society for Libertarian Life ed, Rampart Press, 1978)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Libertarian (Bramble Minibooks, 1978?)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">Protection (Rampart College, n.d.)</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">The Fundamentals of Liberty (Rampart Institute, 1988) (posthumously) <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0962048003" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN 0-9620480-0-3</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;">A Way to Be Free (Pulpless, 1999) (posthumously) (autobiography) Vol 1 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1584451416" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN 1-58445-141-6</a>, Vol 2 <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1584451440" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN 1-58445-144-0</a></li>

</ul>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">Notes<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<li id="cite_note-1" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a>} LeFevre, Robert (1999) (posthumously). A Way to Be Free, Volume One. Culver City, CA: Pulpless. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58445-141-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-58445-141-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1-58445-141-6</a>.</li>

<li id="cite_note-floonet-2" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">d</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">e</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-5" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">f</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-floonet_2-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">g</a> George Thayer (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061534/http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/lefevre_edu.html" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">The Farther Shores of Politics</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster" title="Simon and Schuster" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Simon and Schuster</a>. pp. 262–72.</li>

<li id="cite_note-3" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv29769" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv29769</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-4" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a>} <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/freemarket_detail.asp?control=362" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">The Free Market, July 2001, Volume 19, Number 7</a></li>

<li id="cite_note-rfc-5" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-rfc_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-rfc_5-1" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">b</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-rfc_5-2" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">c</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-rfc_5-3" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">d</a> Doherty, Brian (2007). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. New York: PublicAffairs. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-572-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-572-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">978-1-58648-572-6</a>.</li>

<li id="cite_note-6" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a>} Doherty, Brian (2007). Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement. New York: PublicAffairsTM. p. 385. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-572-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-572-6" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">978-1-58648-572-6</a>.</li>

<li id="cite_note-7" style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_LeFevre#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style=" top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important; -webkit-user-select: none;">Jump up^{</a>} LeFevre, Robert (1999) (posthumously). A Way to Be Free, Volume Two (back cover). Culver City, CA: Pulpless. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">ISBN</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58445-144-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-58445-144-0" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">1-58445-144-0</a>.</li>

</ol>

</div>

<h2 style="font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background: none rgb(255, 255, 255);">External links<span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;">[<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_LeFevre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>

<table class="mbox-small plainlinks" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 4px 0px 4px 1em; width: 238px; line-height: 1.25em; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style=" border: none; padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.9em; text-align: center;"><img src="/28565b6f-606c-5bbe-96aa-3af299361f67.png"/></td><td class="mbox-text plainlist" style=" border: none; padding: 0.25em 0.9em; width: 162.84375px;">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <a href="http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_LeFevre" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Robert LeFevre" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Robert LeFevre</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/story/2133" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre's essay, "Who Was the Original Aunt Jemima and What Did She Do?"</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://centerforselfrule.org/autarchy/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">LeFevre's essay, "Autarchy"</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/story/1970" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre's essay, "The Nature of Man and His Government" (1959)</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voluntaryist.com/lefevre/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre articles on The Voluntaryist website</a>. The Voluntaryist is a newsletter devoted to LeFevre's views of libertarianism.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mises.org/media.aspx?action=category&ID=27" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Audio archive of 50 LeFevre commentaries</a> hosted by the Ludwig von Mises Institute. These commentaries have made their mark in the history of libertarian ideas for their clarity, eloquence, and pedagogical value. Drawing on great thought from all ages, and specifically influenced by Rothbardian political economy, Robert LeFevre asks and answers fundamental questions about the relationship between man, property, society, and the state.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv29769" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Guide to the Robert LeFevre papers from 1946–1981 at the University of Oregon.</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://freedomschool.org/" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">The Freedom School</a> New school established in January 2010 dedicated to carrying on in the LeFevre tradition.</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/foia_LeFevre_Robert_T._Denver" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">Robert LeFevre's FBI file</a> hosted at the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Internet Archive</a></li>

</ul>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre01.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre on principles</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre02.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre on freedom</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre03.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4wIiBlbmNvZGluZz0iVVRGLTgiPz48c3ZnIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgd2lkdGg9IjEwIiBoZWlnaHQ9IjEwIj48ZyB0cmFuc2Zvcm09InRyYW5zbGF0ZSgtODI2LjQyOSAtNjk4Ljc5MSkiPjxyZWN0IHdpZHRoPSI1Ljk4MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSI1Ljk4MiIgeD0iODI2LjkyOSIgeT0iNzAyLjMwOSIgZmlsbD0iI2ZmZiIgc3Ryb2tlPSIjMDZjIi8+PGc+PHBhdGggZD0iTTgzMS4xOTQgNjk4Ljc5MWg1LjIzNHY1LjM5MWwtMS41NzEgMS41NDUtMS4zMS0xLjMxLTIuNzI1IDIuNzI1LTIuNjg5LTIuNjg5IDIuODA4LTIuODA4LTEuMzExLTEuMzExeiIgZmlsbD0iIzA2ZiIvPjxwYXRoIGQ9Ik04MzUuNDI0IDY5OS43OTVsLjAyMiA0Ljg4NS0xLjgxNy0xLjgxNy0yLjg4MSAyLjg4MS0xLjIyOC0xLjIyOCAyLjg4MS0yLjg4MS0xLjg1MS0xLjg1MXoiIGZpbGw9IiNmZmYiLz48L2c+PC9nPjwvc3ZnPg==") 100% 50%;">LeFevre on the genesis of property</a></li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre04.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre on</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morality" title="Morality" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">morality</a> of ownership</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre05.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre on</a> the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community" title="Community" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">community</a> and private property</li>

<li style=" margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faem.com/lefevre/fevre06.htm" style="text-decoration: none; padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) 100% 50% no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml;base64,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") 100% 50%;">LeFevre on</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism" style="text-decoration: none; background: none;">Capitalism</a></li>

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==

Early Ultra-Conservative Training

Perhaps Americans would be less shocked by Malcolm Gladwell’s journalistic corruption if they were aware of his background. Gladwell was trained up in the same corporate-funded network of training and “education” institutes and outfits responsible for churning out the likes of Michelle Malkin, convicted criminal James O’Keefe, Dinesh D’Souza and countless other GOP corporate activists. The difference: Unlike Gladwell, they rarely hid their ideological willingness to take cash in exchange for promoting the corporate right’s agenda.

While a student at the University of Toronto, Gladwell’s admiration for Ronald Reagan led him into conservative activist circles. In 1982, while still an undergrad, he completed a 12-week training course at the National Journalism Center, a corporate-funded program created to counter the media’s alleged “anti-business bias” by molding college kids into corporate-friendly journalist-operatives and helping them infiltrate top-tier news media organizations. To quote Philip Morris, a major supporter of the National Journalism Center, its mission was to "train budding journalists in free market political and economic principles." Over the years the National Journalism Center has produced hundreds of pro-business news media moles, including top-tier conservative talent like Ann Coulter and former Wall Street Journal columnist and editorial board member John Fund.

After graduating from University of Toronto in 1984, Gladwell spent a few years bouncing around the far-right fringe of the corporate media spectrum. He wrote for the American Spectator—notorious in the 1990s as the primary media organ promoting anti-Clinton conspiracy theories—as well as the Moonie-owned Insight on the News. From 1985-6, Gladwell served as assistant editor at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, which was created to bridge the gap between neoconservatives and Christian fundamentalists and help the two hostile factions to come together to counter a common enemy: activists fighting for economic justice. Rick Santorum was a fellow at EPPC until June 2011, when he left to concentrate on his attempt to secure the 2012 GOP presidential nomination.

Ernest Lefever, who founded EPPC in 1976, explained his group's purpose:

U.S. domestic and multinational firms find themselves increasingly under siege at home and abroad . . . They are accused of producing shoddy and unsafe products, fouling the environment, robbing future generations, wielding inordinate power, repressing peoples in the Third World, and generally of being insensitive to human needs...  We as a small and ethically oriented center are in a position to respond more directly to ideological critics who insist that the corporation is fundamentally unjust.

But Lefever wasn't just pro-corporation, he was also pro-white supremacy. In 1981, Ronald Reagan picked Lefever for the position of Assistant Secretary for Human Rights, but the nomination process blew up in his face after Lefever's own brothers outed the man as a frothing white supremacist who believed blacks to be genetically inferior to whites. Gladwell, who is part-Jamaican, apparently didn’t mind working for a white supremacist who argued that people like Gladwell were inferior. Incredibly enough, Gladwell has continued to participate in events with EPPC outfit as late as 2005, and is currently listed on its promotional materials.

Big Tobacco

With several years of corporate media training and right-wing work experience advocacy under his belt, Malcolm Gladwell moved from the ideological fringes to the heart of the American mainstream journalism: In 1987, the Washington Post hired Gladwell as a science and business correspondent—the ideal beat for a neophyte propagandist looking to promote the business agenda.

From the get-go, Gladwell’s reporting stands out for its unabashedly pro-business, anti-regulation bias. Nowhere was this bias more evident than in Gladwell’s barely disguised promotion of the tobacco industry’s agenda. Gladwell’s reporting on tobacco issues in the early '90s came just as Big Tobacco was was gearing up for its war against looming class-action lawsuits, as well as the mounting pressure for stricter regulation of the industry. As thePost's business and science reporter, Gladwell carried the tobacco lobby’s water—and messages—while raising doubts about the industry’s critics.

One of the more obvious and disgusting examples: In 1990, Gladwell published a rank scare-article arguing that any moves to cut Americans’ smoking habits could "put a serious strain on the nation's Social Security and Medicare programs"--meaning that high levels of smoking was helping keep America's social safety from going bankrupt, since so many were dying before they could collect.

The article, headlined "Not Smoking Could Be Hazardous to Pension System," was not reporting new news, but simply recycling stale tobacco propaganda: a 1987 industry studycalled "The Social Security Costs of Smoking," produced by the notorious National Bureau of Economic Research, an organization with ties to the tobacco industry and bankrolled by the biggest names in right-wing corporate propaganda funding—some of the same foundations that funneled cash to one of Gladwell's first employers, the Ethics and Public Policy Center.

Gladwell concluded the article by quoting more scare-mongering by a known tobacco lobbyist Gio Gori: "Prevention of disease is obviously something we should strive for. But it's not going to be cheap. We will have to pay for those who survive," he told Gladwell. What Gori didn't say is that he had received hundreds of thousands of tobacco industry dollars to advocate for Big Tobacco, his rate set by contract at $200 per hour. Years later, after the federal lawsuit settlement with the big tobacco companies, the same study Gladwell quoted for his article was also found in the files of Victor Han, Director of Communications for Philip Morris Worldwide Regulatory Affairs.

Indeed, documents and communications later released to the public as part of the tobacco settlement showed that the tobacco industry considered Malcolm Gladwell an important friend. For example, an internal Phillip-Morris document from the mid- to late '90s listed Gladwell as a "third party" media asset—someone who could be counted on to rally public support for tobacco industry causes.

For those not familiar with public relations industry lingo, "third party" refers to a PR technique in which a corporation’s marketing message is delivered to the public through seemingly independent journalists, academics, non-profits, think tanks and other respected "third parties" in order to bolster the credibility of "the message" and to conceal the ties between the message and the messenger. In other words, Gladwell was seen as a secret tobacco-industry propagandist.

In journalistic terms, "third-party advocate" simply means "fraud." But here's a more nuanced description of the third party technique and its importance to corporate messaging from a Burson-Marsteller PR expert, courtesy of SourceWatch:

For the media and the public, the corporation will be one of the least credible sources of information on its own product, environmental and safety risks. Both these audiences will turn to other experts ... to get an objective viewpoint.

Developing third party support and validation for the basic risk messages of the corporation is essential. This support should ideally come from medical authorities, political leaders, union officials, relevant academics, fire and police officials, environmentalists, regulators.

This Philip-Morris document, titled "THIRD-PARTY MESSAGE DEVELOPMENT CONTACT LIST," lists Gladwell alongside dozens of notorious corporate promoters and right-wing journalists, ranging from Fox's mustachioed libertarian John Stossel, Bush press secretary and Fox News anchor Tony Snow, Grover Norquist, Milton Friedman and the head of the Heritage Foundation, Ed Feulner. This is a remarkable list, and it includes a disproportionate number of libertarians, like Reason magazine editor Jacob Sullum—whose role as a paid promoter of big tobacco was also exposed in the tobacco documents. (You can read more about them, including how RJ Reynolds paid Jacob Sullum $5,000 to "reprint" his article, hereand here.)

Malcolm Gladwell: Trusted Tobacco Industry Media Asset