webodec3ARCHIVEPreview
Open in TheBrain

holocaust denier

---

no merri

adding // BS eg 2a

used to be the verboten fringe?  --> fuentes --> tate?

pioneer of conspiracy theory, tho ties back to blood libel?

see conspir

see anti-sem

proxy for extreme anti-semite? neo-nazi?

alt rt?

see fuentes

---

---

---

AN 5 26

Kip Talley, chief of staff to Rep. Mike Collins (R-Georgia), has been caught trying to free a Holocaust denier from prison.

Collins is currently the frontrunner for the Georgia U.S. Senate Republican runoff to take on Sen. Jon Ossoff (D).

Talley popped up in group chats given to Slate with white nationalists, including Nick Fuentes and Richard Spencer. He has been working to help Charles Johnson, a racist and Holocaust denier who was in prison from November 2025 to February 2026, the Dec. 2025 chats revealed.

The report cited some of Johnson's controversial statementson the Holocaust, such as: “I do not and never have believed the six million figure. I think the Red Cross numbers of 250,000 dead in the camps from typhus are more realistic.”

The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum explained in a fact-check that the number citing 6 million Jews who were killed comes from the reports and records from surviving Nazi Germans themselves. They also used "prewar and postwar demographic studies; records created by Jews during and after the war; documentation created by resistance groups and underground activists; as well as other available, extant archival sources."

In 2016, Johnson appeared on a white nationalist podcast where he discussed his belief in “race realism.” He also shared an article claiming Black Americans had a “violence gene," Slate cited.

The chats show that Talley was spinning a tale that he was conducting "oversight." He also begged for fellow extremists to donate money so Johnson could afford items in the prison commissary.

“I’m reaching out to my people at [the] FBI and DOJ. Trying to get him out,” Tally told the group.

Johnson has a history of writing "news stories" that have been debunked as untrue. He was also one of the first early users of Twitter, who was banned after urging his followers to assassinate Black Lives Matter activist DeRay McKesson.

Johnson has gone MIA as the Trump administration enters its second year. He has been meeting with Cabinet officials and members of Congress, the report cited.

Johnson ended up in jail after he was "found civilly liable for $71 million in damages in acivil racketeering case." He was ultimately found in contempt of court.

The case surrounded his claim of being a U.S. intelligence agent and "running a fraud and extortion scheme." He refused to cooperate with investigators searching for his assets.

Collins scored 40 percent of the vote in the GOP primary and is set for a runoff on June 16 against Derek Dooley.

It's the second major Collins scandal in recent weeks after the congressman was forced to fire his top political aide, Brandon Phillips, who used the campaign's social media to mock the wife of a GOP strategist who is an alleged survivor of sexual assault.

Then there's Collins' congressional office's digital director, whorecently accosted Rep. Mike Lawler (R-N.Y.) with a slew of antisemitic slurs and insults. However, Lawler isn't Jewish

---

AN 4 25

---}:

MMA

####A recent history of America First streamer Nick Fuentes’ Holocaust denial}:}:

Fuentes — who has called the Holocaust “fake,” “preposterous,” and “completely exaggerated” — now says he is “so sick” of being labeled a denier

Written by Jack Wheatley

Published 02/13/26

Amid a wave of conservative infighting last year over his appearances on right-leaning online shows, white nationalist streamer Nick Fuentes remarked on his own program in December that he was “so sick” of being labeled a Holocaust denier. The very next day, during an interview with Piers Morgan, Fuentes mocked the question of how many Jewish people died in the Holocaust, saying: “I don’t know, I’m thinking maybe 7 million, what’s the number? Seven, 6 million? Something like that. Eight million?” He added that it “could maybe even be more than that, upwards of 10.”

Days before the interview, Fuentes told his “groyper” supporters that answering this way was part of a deliberate strategy to downplay and dismiss the Holocaust. “I’ll say it’s 300,000, I’ll say it’s 100 million because I want you to know that I don’t care,” he explained. “I want you to know that I don’t take it seriously.”

According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Holocaust denial is “any attempt to negate the established facts of the Nazi genocide of European Jews,” when 6 million Jewish people were killed, including claims that “the Holocaust was invented or exaggerated by Jews as part of a plot to advance Jewish interests.”

In addition to casting doubt on the number of Jewish people who were killed, Fuentes has denied or questioned whether the Holocaust happened, denied that the Nazis used gas chambers, and claimed that Jewish people “weaponize” the Holocaust as “atrocity propaganda.” He has also frequently downplayed and mocked the genocide.

...

Here’s a short history of Fuentes’ statements denying the Holocaust over the past few years, including during his America First streams:

//

  1. ### Nick Fuentes is the biggest beneficiary of a crowded and fractured new era of right-wing media

12/19/25 12:22 PM EST

  1. ### White nationalist and Holocaust denier Nick Fuentes is making the rounds on podcasts with millions of viewers

10/02/25 1:29 PM EDT

  1. ### Following Tucker Carlson’s interview with Nick Fuentes, fault lines have emerged as right-wing media battle over the future of MAGA

11/11/25

---

---

RWW 1 26

Nick Fuentes unleashed an antisemitic rant in response to the controversy that erupted after he and several other far-right figures danced to Kanye West's "Heil Hitler" in a Miami Beach night club: "We do not care about the Holocaust!"

---

RWW

12/15/2025

by

Kyle Mantyla

In addition to being a racist and deeply misogynistic far-right pastor, Joel Webbon is theocratic fascist Christian nationalist who has become more virulently antisemitic in recent months, which is saying something given that Webbon has openly proclaimed that he hopes the world will one day learn to "humanize Hitler."

Predictably, Webbon is a big fan of Hitler-loving racist, misogynistic, antisemitic, homophobic,Christian nationalist, fascist, white nationalist Nick Fuentes and recently dedicated an episode of his own "Right Response Ministries" podcast to praising Fuentes' recent appearance on "Piers Morgan Uncensored."

During that interview, Morgan grilled Fuentes about his admiration for Hitler and his Holocaust denialism, which Fuentes' smugly and vociferously defended.

On his program, Webbon applauded Fuentes' performance, particularly regarding the Holocaust, which Webbon fumed has been turned into a "false, wicked, satanic religion" that is used to oppress young white men in America.

"That historical event is no mere historical event," Webbon seethed. "It is a religion. It is an ideology. It is a worldview. It is a weaponized bludgeon that has beat generation after generation after generation of white young men into believing they're not allowed to have a future."

"It is time for Holocaustianity—that false, wicked, satanic religion of Holocaustianity—to fall and crumble like the idol that it is," he bellowed. "[When] somebody raises an Islamic 90-foot statue in my state, which they have outside of Houston, my prayer is that statue would be ground into dust. Let no false god be worshiped on American soil. This is a Christian nation and Christ is king."

"The same principle applies to a more powerful false religion that has had America, my nation, in a stranglehold a lot longer and a lot tighter than Islam ever has or likely ever will," Webbon continued. "That is the false religion, not of Islam, but Holocaustianity and all its idols, and all its high priests, and all of its altars, and all of its sacraments must be ground into dust!"

"If that requires some young men to use language that makes you feel a little icky, God bless it," Webbon proclaimed.

---

01/29/2025 RWW

by

Kyle Mantyla

GOP-backed House nominee posted a false claim that Jewish people “gave up their firearms to Hitler,” spurring the Holocaust

Special ProgramsGuns & Public Safety

Written by Eric Hananoki

Published 09/17/24

Right-wing commentator and U.S. House nominee Lily Tang Williams repeatedly shared a false meme criticizing Jewish people for supposedly giving “up their firearms to Hitler” and suggesting that led to their deaths in the Holocaust. The New Hampshire Republican even doubled down on the meme when apparently shown a fact check.

Williams is a public speaker and commentator who has appeared in conservative media outlets, including Fox News, Newsmax TV, and Tim Pool’s podcast. She won the September 10 Republican primary in New Hampshire’s 2nd Congressional District. The National Republican Congressional Committee, the Republican’s House campaign arm, has backed her campaign. Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-NY), a top-ranked House Republican, has also endorsed Williams.

As Media Matters previously reported, conservatives have repeatedly promoted a meme on social media claiming that Jewish people “gave up their firearms to Hitler.” The meme reads: “To all the kids that walked out of school to protest guns. These are the shoes of Jews that gave up their firearms to Hitler. They were led into gas chambers, murdered and buried in mass graves. Pick up a history book and you’ll realize what happens when u give up freedoms and why we have them.”

Williams reposted that meme on social media in June 2022 and April 2023. She wrote: “Remember what happened to Jews after they gave up their guns to Hitler. Our #2A exists to prevent tyranny. If you want to reduce mass shootings in schools, repeal gun free zones where the criminals always target our most vulnerable people.”

She also directed the meme toward Parkland, Florida, mass shooting survivor David Hogg, writing: “To the ppl who were in the ⁦@AMarch4OurLives⁩, who are demanding for more #guncontrol, research & study history on your own. Don’t rely on schools & media to tell you the truth: what happens when citizens are disarmed by their gov. #lily4congress ⁦@davidhogg111.”

The line of attack regarding the Holocaust and gun control has also been employed by right-wing media figures over the years.

The argument is a severe misreading of history. As PolitiFact wrote in 2019, “The message that gun control measures helped cause the deaths of Holocaust victims is wrong. Let's make something clear: The Nazis did deny guns specifically to Jews. But, given the size of their forces and their methods of confiscation and extermination, this is a trivial factor. The notion that it would have made any difference is unreasonable.”

Williams shared and disputed that PolitiFact article, writing: “They need to listen to the survivors of the Holocaust.”

Republican politicians have also drawn criticism for making the argument. In 2015, for instance, right-wing commentator and then-Republican presidential candidate Ben Carson made a similar analogy about the Holocaust and gun control.

In response, Holocaust scholar Alan E. Steinweis wrote: “I can think of no serious work of scholarship on the Nazi dictatorship or on the causes of the Holocaust in which Nazi gun control measures feature as a significant factor.” He added: “If the United States is going to arrive at a workable compromise solution to its gun problem, it will not be accomplished through the use of historical analogies that are false, silly and insulting.”

Media Matters has documented instances over the years of Republicans backing commentators with histories of vitriolic or extremist rhetoric when they run for office.

===

an 9 24

Tucker Carlson has a history of doing very friendly interviews with controversial figures on the far right, from Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán to Russian President Vladimir Putin (who he interviewed during a visit to Moscow).

Now, according to Jewish Insider's Matthew Kassel, the former Fox News host is drawing criticism for a "friendly interview" with Holocaust denier Darryl Cooper.

Kassel explains, "Carlson, who helms an independent streaming service, has continued to invite a range of controversial figures onto his show, including some guests who have promoted antisemitic conspiracy theories as well as anti-Israel sentiments that he has abstained from challenging. But his decision to host a self-proclaimed podcast historian, Darryl Cooper — who has praised Adolf Hitler and believes Winston Churchill was the 'chief villain' of World War II — has drawn unusually fierce criticism from top [Republican Party] members."

READ MORE:**'Gender chasm': GOP panics over huge Harris lead among women as Trump chases 'bro vote'**

Kassel adds, "In the interview, Cooper diminished the Holocaust by claiming that 'millions of prisoners of war' had 'ended up dead' in concentration camps, suggesting the Nazis did not have genocidal aims against Jews but were simply 'unprepared' for the war, among other false assertions."

Some of the criticism has come from Dani Dayan, who heads Yad Vashem and slammed the interview as "repugnant Holocaust denial."

Because Carlson is such a prominent figure in right-wing media, Kassel notes, many Republicans serving in Congress "have been reluctant to publicly criticize" him.

But Rep. Mike Lawler (R-New York) told Jewish Insider, "Platforming known Holocaust revisionists is deeply disturbing — during my time in the State Assembly, I worked with Democrats and Republicans to help pass legislation aimed at ensuring all students in New York received proper education on the Holocaust — something Mr. Cooper clearly never had."

READ MORE:[Deep-red states meet 'wall of hostility' in forcing Christian nationalism on public schools

GOP fundraiser Eric Levine described Carlson as a "very troubling person" whose views are not helpful to 2024 GOP presidential nominee Donald Trump.

Levine told Jewish Insider, "I continue to believe that Donald Trump is best served by appealing to the center of the party. We can hit the Ronald Reagan wing of the party to appeal to Reagan Republicans, moderates, independents, women. I just think that's a more fertile area for votes, and I would encourage him to focus there and distinguish himself from Kamala Harris on policy."

READ MORE: [Walz’s pro-Trump brother drops public criticism — thanks to family invention]

*Read Jewish Insider's full report at this link.

-----

mma 4 24

April 12, 2024, edition of Daily Veracity with Vincent James, streamed on Rumble

HARRISON SMITH (INFOWARS HOST): There's, like, two different versions. Right? There's lowercase “h” and capital “H” Holocaust where, like, were there terrible things that happened in World War 2? Obviously, fucking obviously.

You don't even need the gas shit. Like, ditches of dead bodies. I mean, it was horrible. So there's, like, just the reality of civilian deaths in World War 2, civilian mistreatments in World War 2, on, you know, ethnic basis or whatever. But then there's the capital "H" Holocaust, which is basically religious.

I mean, it basically has tenants that you have to accept, and you have to take it on faith. I mean, it has all of the qualities of a religion, that you can't — because a religion, you can't question. You know? It's even more so than, like, the Inquisition, right?

...

You could probably even question, like, the Resurrection during the Inquisition more so than you could question the Holocaust now. And, again, it's, like, it's not even, like, definitely one side or definitely be the other. It's exactly what you're just pointing out, Vince, where, like, you hear the way that it's literally illegal to question. And it's like, OK, I'm clearly missing something here, so I'm not getting the whole picture.

So, I better start looking into this, and the only thing that gives you any nuance at all is actually the complete other side. So that's what, you know, like, the documentaries, like [Europa: The Last Battle] or whatever. It's basically just the inverse of what you see on History Channel. History Channel is “the Nazis never did anything good for anybody ever.” And Europa is “the Nazis never did anything wrong ever.” And it's like the truth is somewhere in between those two things, but it's the dichotomy that's unhealthy because it leaves people just completely deluded on either side, I think.

Related

  1. # Alex Jones and Infowars air report that questions Holocaust death toll

11/03/23

  1. ### Alex Jones agrees with caller who claims the Holocaust death toll should be revised

12/06/22

  1. ### Rapper Ye goes on an unhinged antisemitic rant on Infowars

12/01/22

---

Pro-Hitler and Holocaust denier account: X has paid me $3,000 in ad revenue sharing | Media Matters for America

---

Alex Jones and Infowars air report that questions Holocaust death toll | Media Matters for America

---

mma 8 23

Notably, videos from these channels have appeared more frequently of late: They accounted for just 27 appearances on the leaderboard in February, but 94 appearances on the leaderboard in July.

---

---

https://www.mediamatters.org/diversity-discrimination/rfk-jr-ally-and-campaign-speaker-sherri-tenpenny-forwarded-antisemitic

no lnx vid 7 23

RFK Jr. ally and campaign speaker forwarded antisemitic COVID conspiracy theory and Holocaust denial

WRITTEN BY ERIC HANANOKI

PUBLISHED 07/19/23 10:26 AM EDT

RFK Jr. and Sherri Tenpenny

Robert F. Kennedy Jr. has endorsed quack doctor Sherri Tenpenny as someone who’s “leading this movement” against vaccines and recently featured her at a “health policy roundtable.” Tenpenny last year promoted the conspiracy theory that the COVID-19 vaccine is a “bioweapon” that doesn’t affect Jewish people and has shared numerous antisemitic claims on social media, including Holocaust denial and praise for The Protocols of the Elders of Zion.

Tenpenny’s promotion of the conspiracy theory about Jewish people and the COVID-19 vaccine is newly relevant as Kennedy recently made a similar claim, stating that there’s “an argument” that COVID-19 is “ethnically targeted,” adding: “COVID-19 is targeted to attack Caucasians and Black people. The people who are most immune are Ashkenazi Jews and Chinese.” 

Kennedy is scheduled to speak at the House Judiciary Committee hearing on the weaponization of the federal government on Thursday.

Tenpenny is an anti-vaccine commentator who became well-known after she falsely claimed during a 2021 hearing in Ohio that the COVID-19 vaccine makes you “magnetized.” She predicted last year that “by the end of 2022,every fully vaccinated person over the age of 30 may have the equivalent of full-blown vaccine-induced immune suppressed AIDS.” She has become one of the leading online promoters (along with Kennedy) of false claims about vaccines.

Tenpenny has been a significant ally of Kennedy over the years. She participated in a Kennedy campaign “health policy roundtable” last month, where she was described by Kennedy as a “renowned” critic “of prevailing health policy.” She has numerous other connections to the presidential candidate:

Kennedy has endorsed her work, telling people in response to their concerns about vaccines: “There’s a couple of things that people should be doing … They need to join the organized resistance, which means joining Children’s Health Defense, supporting what you do, Polly, with vacs too, supporting Dell, supporting Rashid Buttar and Sherri Tenpenny, the people who are stalwarts, who are leading this movement.”

Tenpenny has said of Kennedy: “I've known Bobby personally for a long time. You know, we've had dinner together multiple times. We've shared the stage at various conferences. He's wicked smart.”

She was featured as an “expert” in a 2021 event with Kennedy “regarding the safety and effectiveness of the COVID vaccine.”

She was a guest in 2020 on Kennedy’s show Truth, where she was described as a “renowned physician.”

Children’s Health Defense, which was founded by Kennedy, has featured Tenpenny in videos as an expert and has published her writing.

She appeared on the now-defunct Russian-funded network RT America with Kennedy about vaccines.

Kennedy has numerous connections to other extremists, including a fringe commentator who claimed that “Hitler was a Rothschild” and that he was “utterly set up.” His presidential campaign has been cheered on by right-wing media figures and — after floating his Jewish COVID conspiracy theory — anti-semites and neo-Nazis. Children’s Health Defense has also conducted outreach to neo-Nazi, white supremacist, and QAnon users on the far-right platform Gab.

Tenpenny has a history of promoting antisemitic material on social media. The following are numerous examples.

Tenpenny promoted Jewish “bioweapon” conspiracy theory. In January 2022, Tenpenny shared a video of conspiracy theorist Lee Merritt that has the title, “Ashkenazi Jews not affected by mass sterilization through covid vaccines.” Tenpenny wrote: “Ever hear of race-specific bioweapons? A race-specific bioweapon is a bioweapon designed to affect only certain races, or genetic profiles to which certain genes are common. #Sterilization #BioWeapon #Ashkenazi.”

Sherri Tenpenny bioweapon claim

Tenpenny shared a video featuring someone falsely claiming that “the historical evidence is hugely against 6 million Jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler.” Tenpenny forwarded a post featuring Holocaust denier Bishop Richard Williamson stating: “I believe that the historical evidence is hugely against 6 million Jews having been deliberately gassed in gas chambers as a deliberate policy of Adolf Hitler. I believe there were no gas chambers.” Tenpenny’s post was uncovered by the Center for Countering Digital Hate and provided to Insider.

Sherri Tenpenny Holocaust forward

Tenpenny has repeatedly criticized the removal of Holocaust denier material on social media. Tenpenny responded to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s statement that he would ban Holocaust denier content by writing: “Thank you for your honesty on your censorship decisions which remove the right to Freedom of Speech.” She has also attacked UNESCO after it criticized Holocaust denier material, writing: “UNWSCO is Calling for massive censorship on Telegram & other platforms to be in effect by 2023. #NoCensorship #FreeSpeech #SocialMedia.”

Tenpenny forwarded a post which claimed: “Since all the CEOs of the major vaccine manufacturers are Jewsmy questions is do these Jews get the real vaccine or saline in the publicity staged vaccine shows?” Tenpenny’s post was uncovered by the Center for Countering Digital Hate and provided to The Jewish Chronicle.

Tenpenny praised a film promoting The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. She wrote in 2020: “*THE PLAN EXPOSED*: Janet Ossebaard's *The Protocols of Zion*.  An exact blueprint and illustration of how they took control!” The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum wrote of that publication: “The Protocols of the Elders of Zion is the most notorious and widely distributed antisemitic publication of modern times. Its lies about Jews, which have been repeatedly discredited, continue to circulate today, especially on the internet. The individuals and groups who have used the Protocols are all linked by a common purpose: to spread hatred of Jews.”

The Tenpenny-endorsed video begins by stating: “The Protocols of Zion, dismissed as a hoax. But we can assure you, after months of in-depth research, that they are not. They were slightly ordered, yes, but they are not a hoax.”

Tenpenny forwarded a post that attacked “(((Ukraine)))” and “the (((WHO)))” and concluded: “Same tribe every time [Star of David emoji].” The triple parentheses is also known as an echo and is used by antisemites to identify Jewish people. Tenpenny’s post was previously reported by Mother Jones.

Sherri Tenpenny forwards "same tribe" antisemitism

Tenpenny promoted the conspiracy theory that the “Rothschilds patented the COVID-19” tests in 2015 and 2017. The claim about the Rothschilds, a Jewish family that is the subject of numerous antisemitic conspiracy theories, is false.

---

---

https://www.mediamatters.org/diversity-discrimination/manosphere-influencers-are-teaming-anime-obsessed-content-creator-who

no lnx etc

violent misogynist and alleged human traffickerAndrew Tate is now promoting dangerous incel culture to his audience of millions.

:{:{}:

}:

Tate and his associates have teamed up with and are promoting an anime-obsessed content creator and misanthrope who glorifies school shooters, pushesHolocaust denial,and promotes the hyper-sexualization of underage girls. 

:{:{}:

}:

Tate and his acolytes Justin Waller and “Sneako” have aligned themselves with “Waifu Watchers,” a viral content creator who appears to be obsessed with sexualizing underage cartoon anime girls. Waifu Watchers’ content promotes an incel-aligned and misogynistic ideology; the same kind of extremist rhetoric that has led to real-world violence, harassment, and is correlated with mass shootings. 

This is an example of Tate and his adherents leaning into and helping to popularize violent incel culture while using Tate’s massively viral nature to push a new set of dangerous misogynistic ideas to his followers. This could be dangerous for Tate’s large fanbase, which includes susceptible kids and teens who idolize him.

In May 2022, Tate bestowed Waifu Watchers with the title of “G of the week” after he made a TikTok gloating about being legally allowed to be sexually attracted to underage anime girls because they aren’t real.

“I want you to follow this guy, Waifu Watchers. This is an official shoutout.” Tate’s co-host and brother Tristian said. “Can you follow this guy, everybody. He’s a fucking hero.” 

“Hero. He ain’t taking shit,” Tate added.

Recently, Tate posted a photo of himself wearing a “Waifu Watchers” jacket standing alongside two female anime characters. Tate and the influencer have been pictured together numerous times. Waifu Watchers claimed that he stayed with Tate for a week, and that Tate gifted him cryptocurrency.

WW Tate

CitationScreenshot from Waifu Watchers' Instagram page

Tate and his adherents' decision to platform and promote an anime-obsessed misogynistic edgelord continues the pattern of far-right figures using anime and Japanese entertainment to push dubious narratives.

What is a waifu?

According to Dictionary.com, a “waifu” is “a term for a fictional character, usually in anime or related media, that someone has great, and sometimes romantic, affection for.” The term is taken from the English word for “wife.”

Some anime consumers have a “pseudo-intimate relationship” with waifus. This becomes insidious when anime watchers fixate on underage female characters as waifus, as some of these characters are drawn to be hyper-sexualized and fit coming of age stories.

Waifu Watchers promotes extremist and predatory views to his audience

Online, Waifu Watchers has promoted the sexualization of underage cartoon girls, Holocaust denial, and the glorification of school shooters.The influencer goes by “chaiinmail chase” in some of his videos.

Here’s a breakdown of the content creator’s history of pushing extremist views:

In a YouTube Shorts video, the influencer douses himself with what he pretends is the urine of an underage-looking anime girl.

In another YouTube Shorts video, the content creator celebrated the sound of a female anime character getting her finger broken and screaming.

On various occasions, Waifu Watchers has posted misogynistic content about women.

The content creator made a fake Joe Rogan interview with an anime character where she defends Hitler and promotes Holocaust denial.

During a vlog, the influencer said “I would never shoot up a school” unless it was a place that was “indoctrinating” kids into believing that three million Jews died during the Holocaust. He bleeped out the word Holocaust during the entirety of the vlog.

During the same vlog, he told his audience, “I hope you’re keeping those streets clean and those schools empty.”

The influencer sells t-shirts that glorify school shooters, rapper Ye’s (formerly Kanye West) “White Lives Matter” stunt, and convicted sex trafficker Jeffrey Epstein.

The content creator posted a photo of himself holding what appear to be firearms with the words “don’t log into twitter tomorrow,” appearing to refer to the phrase “don’t come to school tomorrow,” which was popularized as a meme following the Umpqua Community College shooting.

He admitted to making a fake, racist article that went viral on social media.

Some of the influencer’s YouTube content may violate the platform's terms of service against hate speech. Earlier this year, YouTube began monetizing YouTube Shorts for creators. Some of the short videos feature outright bigotry and misogyny. Tate’s own content is reportedly all over YouTube Shorts, despite being banned from the platform.

Online misogyny leads to real-world violence

Online misogyny has led to real-world violence and harassment. Incel culture and domestic violence have inspired mass shootings across the country.

Early manosphere influencers were a critical driver of Gamergate, a harassment campaign against women who worked in the video game industry that pushed violent misogyny and anti-feminism. Several women received death and rape threats for years from online harassers.

Viral influencers like Tate and Sneako promoting hateful or misogynistic content online have reminded some audiences online of the rhetoric that was used to attack women during Gamergate.

---

---

https://www.mediamatters.org/diversity-discrimination/rep-paul-gosar-promotes-pro-hitler-and-holocaust-denying-site-after-it  praised him

---

---

mma 2 23

Advertisements for companies including The Wall Street Journal, Nokia, FanDuel, and Thermo Fisher have been appearing on the Twitter accounts of antisemites who have denied the Holocaust. The monetization of accounts run by Holocaust deniers is yet another example of Twitter CEO Elon Musk's reckless attempts to wring money out of the platform.

Twitter profiting from bigoted accounts has been a recurring theme for the company under Musk. Washington Post technology columnist Taylor Lorenz reported yesterday on a new analysis by the Center for Countering Digital Hate which “uncovered multiple examples of advertisements from major national brands, including Amazon, Apple TV, the NFL and Fiverr, that appeared next to content” from 10 previously banned extremist influencers who were reinstated under Musk’s leadership. (Fiverr subsequently said that it stopped Twitter advertising.)

Separately, Media Matters reviewed five different Twitter accounts run by people who have pushed Holocaust denial: Mark Collett (MarkACollett), the Institute for Historical Review (HistoryinReview), E. Michael Jones (EMichaelJones1), Lana Lokteff (LanaLokteff), and Henrik Palmgren (Henrik_Palmgren). Those accounts are also subscribed to Twitter Blue, the paid subscription service introduced by Musk that’s been a boon for scammers, misinformers, and hate speech. Musk recently stated that Twitter Blue accounts will be able to share revenue “that appear in their reply threads.”

We found numerous advertisements while scrolling through their account pages. Those advertisersincluded but were not limited to the following companies, which spent nearly $30 million combined on Twitter advertising in 2022, according to a Media Matters analysis of Pathmatics data:

The following are brief summaries of the five accounts.

Mark Collett (MarkACollett)

Mark Collett is a British neo-Nazi writer who was the chairman of the youth division of the far-right British National Party (BNP). He has praised Adolf Hitler and reportedly promoted Mein Kampf to followers. Collett has also denied the Holocaust, writing in his book that “when it comes to the notion of white guilt, nothing is pushed more strongly nor made more prominent in the minds of Western people than the holocaust. The holocaust is the alleged extermination of six million Jews." He also wrote: "Western man is also brainwashed and enslaved by notions of white guilt that stem from false historical narratives of his colonial past, slavery and the Holocaust.”

The Institute for Historical Review (HistoryinReview)

The Southern Poverty Law Center wrote that the Institute for Historical Review “is a pseudo-academic organization that claims to seek ‘truth and accuracy in history,’ but whose real purpose is to promote Holocaust denial and defend Nazism.”

Its account includes such tweets as: “Why is the Holocaust the only historical event you’re not allowed to scrutinize?”; “Why did the Polish Government in Exile never mention the supposed slaughter in Auschwitz until 1945?”; and “While Roosevelt’s record in dealing with the Depression is pretty well known, the remarkable story of how Hitler tackled the crisis is not widely understood or appreciated. How Hitler Tackled Unemployment And Revived Germany’s Economy by Mark Weber.”

E. Michael Jones (EMichaelJones1)

E. Michael Jones is an antisemitic writer and the host of a streaming program who repeatedly attacks Jewish people and the supposed “Holocaust narrative.” He is a Holocaust denier who has claimed, for instance, that there’s been a “creation of myths like the whole World War II story, including the Holocaust, that whole narrative as a way of — that increased Jewish power and the result was that they were able to impose their views more and more on the entire country.”

Lana Lokteff (LanaLokteff) and Henrik Palmgren (Henrik_Palmgren)

Lana Lokteff and Henrik Palmgren are the hosts of Red Ice TV, a network that promotes Holocaust denial. Palmgren, for instance, has tweeted out Holocaust-denying segments on their show about the purported “Truth Behind the Gates of Auschwitz”; “Mass Illusions: The Moon Landing, The Holocaust … ”; and “Making Critical Thinking Illegal: Questioning the Holocaust.”

Rolling Stone reported that “Lokteff has come to question the Holocaust, the government’s mass murder of Native Americans and the Armenian genocide.” She told the publication she “appreciates [Institute for Historical Review Director Mark] Weber for ‘tackling the gas chamber story,’ a reference to the organization’s longstanding efforts to build a case that the Auschwitz gas chambers were used only for delousing clothing, or as bomb shelters. ‘For me,’ says Lokteff, ‘looking into these things doesn’t mean, ‘Oh, I hate Jews.’ It’s like, ‘This many Jews didn’t die, alright?’”

---

an 1 23

principal orders librarian to take down Holocaust survivor’s famous quote

David BadashThe New Civil Rights Movement

January 30, 2023

A Pennsylvania principal drew criticism last week after telling a Bucks County school librarian to take down posters with a famous quote by Elie Wiesel, the Nobel Peace Prize winning human rights activist, professor...

trms 27th

It was last fall when local Republicans' efforts to ban books started to look like a national trend. A county in Virginia removed LGBTQIA fiction from school libraries. Around the same time, a Kansas school district started pulling several well-known novels from school libraries, including "The Handmaid's Tale" by Margaret Atwood and a Pulitzer Prize winning play from August Wilson.

It was against this backdrop that a Republican state legislator in Texas put together a list of 850 books he believed might make students feel uncomfortable — and then asked schools which of the titles are available to students.

Nora Pelizzari, a spokesperson for the National Coalition Against Censorship, soon after told The Washington Post, "What has taken us aback this year is the intensity with which school libraries are under attack.... [T]his feels like a more overarching attempt to purge schools of materials that people disagree with. It feels different than what we've seen in recent years."

The campaign clearly isn't fading. NBC News reported overnight:

A Tennessee school board voted to remove "Maus," a Pulitzer Prize-winning graphic novel about the Holocaust, from the district's curriculum after officials objected to eight instances of profanity and an image of a nude woman. The McMinn County Board of Education's Jan. 10 vote to remove the novel, published by cartoonist Art Spiegelman about his Jewish parents' experiences in Nazi concentration camps, was 10-0, according to meeting minutes.

The fact that the unanimous vote to remove the celebrated work about the Holocaust came shortly before Holocaust Remembrance Day made matters just a bit worse.

It'd be easier to overlook stories like these if they were far and few between, but that's simply not the case. Axios reported last week, "School districts from Pennsylvania to Wyoming are bowing to pressure from some conservative groups to review — then purge from public school libraries — books about LGBTQ issues and people of color. "

the article quoted Deborah Caldwell-Stone, director of the American Library Association's Office for Intellectual Freedom, saying, "I've worked for this office for 20 years, and we've never had this volume of challenges come in such a short time."

NBC News reported a week earlier that dozens of Black authors are finding their works "are being pulled from school libraries under the pretext that they're teaching critical race theory.... Most of the books that are targeted for bans don't teach critical race theory but are written by and about people of color."

As we've discussed, these fights are not altogether new. Conservative activists have launched all kinds of related efforts for generations, targeting books they deemed morally and socially unworthy for one reason or another.

But there's evidence that the renewed book-banning campaign is intensifying, even as many on the right complain about "cancel culture

https://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/dana-rohrabacher-matt-gaetz-chuck-johnson

Reps. Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Matt Gaetz (R-FL) previously drew scrutiny for hanging out with Chuck C. Johnson, a far-right Internet troll and Holocaust denier, and both have tried to explain away the occurence.

But according to *Mother Jones*, both congressmen somehow ended up fraternizing with him a second time this summer.Specifically, Johnson was on board a yacht fundraiser in Newport Beach, California, on behalf of Gaetz's re-election campaign, at which Rohrabacher gave a speech in support of his colleague. The fundraiser was hosted by public relations executives Alfred Balitzer and Rod Wilson, the former of whom Johnson has referred to as a "mentor."

In January, Gaetz, one of President Donald Trump's closest kindred spirits in Congress, faced controversy and a letter of condemnation from the Anti-Defamation League for providing Johnson a ticket to attend Trump's State of the Union Address as his guest. Gaetz argued that Johnson had simply "showed up at my office" and the invite was not an endorsement of his views, but bizarrely, added in an interview on Fox Business that Johnson is "not a Holocaust denier, he’s not a white supremacist."

Rohrabacher, another Trump ally and Congress' most notorious apologist for Russian President Vladimir Putin, allowed Johnson to sit in on a meeting between himself and Sen. Rand Paul, after Johnson had helped him secure a meeting with WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in August and donated $5,400 in Bitcoin to his campaign. Rohrabacher maintains that Johnson was not invited to the meeting with Paul, but admits that he was not asked to leave it either.

Johnson, a former Breitbart reporter who has spent years promoting fake news through his GotNews web site, and who was banned for life from Twitter for inviting people to raise money to help him "take out" Black Lives Matter activist DeRay McKesson, came out as a Holocaust denier in early 2017.

"I do not and never have believed the six million figure," he told a commenter on an alt-right Reddit thread. "I think the Red Cross numbers of 250,000 dead in the camps from typhus are more realistic. I think the Allied bombing of Germany was a ware [sic] crime. I agree … about Auschwitz and the gas chambers not being real."

He has since tried to claim that he does not actually deny the Holocaust, and only said this to see what a reaction it would get.

==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial

Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews and other groups in the Holocaust during World War II.[1]Holocaust denial often includes the following claims: that Nazi Germany's Final Solution was aimed only at deporting Jews from the Reich, but that it did not include the extermination of Jews; that Nazi authorities did not use extermination camps and gas chambers to mass murder Jews; and/or that the actual number of Jews killed was significantly lower than the historically accepted figure of 5 to 6 million, typically around a tenth of that figure.[2][3][4]

Scholars use the term "denial" to describe the views and methodology of Holocaust deniers in order to distinguish them from legitimate historical revisionists, who challenge orthodox interpretations of history using established historical methodologies.[5] Holocaust deniers generally do not accept the term denial as an appropriate description of their activities, and use the term revisionism instead.[6] The methodologies of Holocaust deniers are often based on a predetermined conclusion that ignores overwhelming historical evidence to the contrary.[7]

Most Holocaust denial claims imply, or openly state, that the Holocaust is an exaggeration and/or a hoax arising out of a deliberate Jewish conspiracy to advance the interest of Jews at the expense of other peoples.[8] For this reason, Holocaust denial is generally considered to be an antisemitic[9] conspiracy theory,[10] and is illegal in several countries.

Contents

  [hide] 

...

The publication of Arthur Butz's The Hoax of the Twentieth Century: The case against the presumed extermination of European Jewry in 1976; and David Irving's Hitler's War in 1977 brought other similarly inclined individuals into the fold.[49] Butz was a tenured associate professor of electrical engineering at Northwestern University. In December 1978 and January 1979, Robert Faurisson, a French professor of literature at the University of Lyon, wrote two letters to Le Monde claiming that the gas chambers used by the Nazis to exterminate the Jews did not exist. A colleague of Faurisson, Jean-Claude Pressac, who initially shared Faurisson's views, later became convinced of the Holocaust's evidence while investigating documents at Auschwitz in 1979. He published his conclusions along with much of the underlying evidence in his 1989 book, Auschwitz: Technique and operation of the gas chambers.[50]

Henry Bienen, the former president of Northwestern University, has described Arthur Butz's view of the Holocaust as an "embarrassment to Northwestern".[51] In 2006, sixty of Butz's colleagues from the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science faculty signed a censure describing Butz's Holocaust denial as "an affront to our humanity and our standards as scholars".[52] The letter also called for Butz to "leave our Department and our University and stop trading on our reputation for academic excellence".[52]

Institute for Historical Review

In 1978 Willis Carto founded the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), an organization dedicated to publicly challenging the commonly accepted history of the Holocaust.[53] The IHR's founding was inspired by Austin App, a La Salle professor of medieval English literature and considered the first major American holocaust denier.[54] The IHR sought from the beginning to establish itself within the broad tradition of historical revisionism, by soliciting token supporters who were not from a neo-Nazi background such as James J. Martin and Samuel Edward Konkin III, and by promoting the writings of French socialist Paul Rassinier and American anti-war historian Harry Elmer Barnes, in an attempt to show that Holocaust denial had a base of support beyond neo-Nazis. The IHR republished most of Barnes's writings, which had been out of print since his death. While it included articles on other topics and sold books by mainstream historians, the majority of material published and distributed by IHR was devoted to questioning the facts surrounding the Holocaust.[55]

In 1980, the IHR promised a $50,000 reward to anyone who could prove that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz.Mel Mermelstein wrote a letter to the editors of the LA Times and others including The Jerusalem Post. The IHR wrote back, offering him $50,000 for proof that Jews were, in fact, gassed in the gas chambers at Auschwitz. Mermelstein, in turn, submitted a notarized account of his internment at Auschwitz and how he witnessed Nazi guards ushering his mother and two sisters and others towards (as he learned later) gas chamber number five. Despite this, the IHR refused to pay the reward. Represented by public interest attorney William John Cox, Mermelstein subsequently sued the IHR in the Superior Court of Los Angeles County for breach of contract, anticipatory repudiation, libel, injurious denial of established fact, intentional infliction of emotional distress, and declaratory relief (see case no. C 356 542). On October 9, 1981, both parties in the Mermelstein case filed motions for summary judgment in consideration of which Judge Thomas T. Johnson of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County took "judicial notice of the fact that Jews were gassed to death at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp in Poland during the summer of 1944,"[56][57] judicial notice meaning that the court treated the gas chambers as common knowledge, and therefore did not require evidence that the gas chambers existed. On August 5, 1985, Judge Robert A. Wenke entered a judgment based upon the Stipulation for Entry of Judgment agreed upon by the parties on July 22, 1985. The judgment required IHR and other defendants to pay $90,000 to Mermelstein and to issue a letter of apology to "Mr. Mel Mermelstein, a survivor of Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buchenwald, and all other survivors of Auschwitz" for "pain, anguish and suffering" caused to them.[57]

In the "About the IHR" statement on their website, the IHR states, "The IHR does not 'deny' the Holocaust. Indeed, the IHR as such has no 'position' on any specific event.... [The] IHR does not necessarily agree with the content or outlook of posted or distributed [on the IHR website, and presentations given at IHR meetings and conferences]."[58] One example of a Holocaust denialist's view that was published by the IHR is the transcript of the speech made by the Lutheran pastor Herman Otten at the Ninth IHR Conference (1989), in which he says

There is no dispute over the fact that large numbers of Jews were deported to concentration camps and ghettos, or that many Jews died or were killed during World War II. Revisionist scholars have presented evidence, which "exterminationists" have not been able to refute, showing that there was no German program to exterminate Europe's Jews, and that the estimate of six million Jewish wartime dead is an irresponsible exaggeration. The Holocaust – the alleged extermination of some six million Jews (most of them by gassing) – is a hoax and should be recognized as such by Christians and all informed, honest and truthful men everywhere.[59]

Commentators and historians have noted the misleading nature of statements by the IHR that they are not Holocaust deniers. Paul Rauber writes that:

The question [of whether the IHR denies the Holocaust] appears to turn on IHR's Humpty-Dumpty word game with the word Holocaust. According to Mark Weber, associate editor of the IHR's Journal of Historical Review [now Director of the IHR], "If by the 'Holocaust' you mean the political persecution of Jews, some scattered killings, if you mean a cruel thing that happened, no one denies that. But if one says that the 'Holocaust' means the systematic extermination of six to eight million Jews in concentration camps, that's what we think there's not evidence for." That is, IHR doesn't deny that the Holocaust happened; they just deny that the word 'Holocaust' means what people customarily use it for.[60]

According to British historian of Germany Richard J. Evans:

Like many individual Holocaust deniers, the Institute as a body denied that it was involved in Holocaust denial. It called this a 'smear' which was 'completely at variance with the facts' because 'revisionist scholars' such as Faurisson, Butz 'and bestselling British historian David Irving acknowledge that hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed and otherwise perished during the Second World War as a direct and indirect result of the harsh anti-Jewish policies of Germany and its allies'. But the concession that a relatively small number of Jews were killed was routinely used by Holocaust deniers to distract attention from the far more important fact of their refusal to admit that the figure ran into the millions, and that a large proportion of these victims were systematically murdered by gassing as well as by shooting.[61]

Bradley Smith and the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust

In 1987, Bradley R. Smith, a former media director of the Institute for Historical Review,[62] founded the Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust (CODOH).[63] In the United States, CODOH has repeatedly tried to place advertisements questioning whether the Holocaust happened, especially in college campus newspapers,[64]which have not always been rejected.[65]

Bradley Smith has sought other avenues to promote Holocaust denial – with little success. On September 8, 2009, the Harvard Crimson school paper ran a paid ad from Bradley R Smith. It was quickly criticized and an apology was issued from the editor, claiming it was a mistake.[66]

Smith referred to his tactics as the CODOH campus project. He says, "I don't want to spend time with adults anymore, I want to go to students. They are superficial. They are empty vessels to be filled." "What I wanted to do was I wanted to set forth three or four ideas that students might be interested in, that might cause them to think about things or to have questions about things. And I wanted to make it as simple as possible, and to set it up in a way that could not really be debated."[67]Holocaust deniers have placed "Full page advertisements in college and university newspapers, including those of Brandeis University, Boston College, Pennsylvania State University, and Queens College. Some of these ads arguing that Holocaust never happened ran without comment; others generated op-ed pieces by professors and students."[68]

==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred_A._Leuchter

Fred Arthur Leuchter, Jr. (born February 7, 1943) is an American Holocaust denier. In the past, there is some evidence that he had been contracted by governmental authorities of several states of the United States to improve the design of instruments for capital punishment, but he no longer does so, primarily due to his lack of formal engineering experience, but also because of charges of running a "death row shakedown" in which Leuchter threatened to testify for the defense in capital cases if he was not given contracts for his services by the state.[1][2][3]

Leuchter became known around the world for his testimony in defense of Holocaust denier Ernst Zündel in 1988.[4] His study for Zündel's trial is referred to as the Leuchter Report[5] after it was published by Zündel with that title. Leuchter's work is often presented by Holocaust deniers as scientifically based evidence for Holocaust denial. However, his research methods and findings were discredited in a 1999 Errol Morris documentary on the controversy, entitled Mr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred A. Leuchter, Jr., as well as elsewhere.

Contents

  [hide] 

Education and career

He was born on February 7, 1943 to Fred Arthur Leuchter, Sr. in Malden, Massachusetts.[6][7]

Leuchter received a Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Boston University in 1964. Leuchter holds patents for a geodetic instrument and an electronic sextant.[8]Leuchter has said he is "unregistered as a professional engineer" because his state of Massachusetts didn't have a state registration program for professional engineers[citation needed], a claim that was false, as seen by the fact that in 1991 he faced charges of practicing engineering without a license issued by the Massachusetts board which regulates professional engineers. Leuchter signed a consent decree with that board[9][10] and settled with prosecutors to avoid a trial by serving two years of probation.[11] According to The New York Times, before selling execution equipment Leuchter was a former dealer in military surveillance equipment.[12]

Fred Leuchter Associates

Leuchter started Fred Leuchter Associates, in which he sold services to several states to help them maintain, improve, document, and ascertain the effectiveness of their equipment for administration of capital punishment.[13] His initial work was with electric chairs, starting in Tennessee. Leuchter's broader claims are that his work in this area is humanitarian, providing greater respect for both guards and those to be executed. He also claims that he offered his services at considerable economy: off-the-shelf parts, labor, and a 20% profit.[14] By his own account, consultation among various state government agencies spread his reputation from Tennessee to other states, and further assignments followed. Leuchter "aggressively solicited business," and in 1985 the state of New Jersey purchased Leuchter's proposal for a lethal injection system for $30,000.[15]

On October 24, 1990 The New York Times described him as "self-proclaimed execution expert and manufacturer of death machinery" who "was charged today in a Middlesex County District Court with fraudulently practicing engineering."[16] It quoted Dr. Edward A. Brunner, chairman of the anesthesia department at Northwestern University Medical School, as saying Leuchter's lethal injection system would indeed paralyze a condemned criminal with Pavulon, but far from being humane this paralysis would merely stop the prisoner from screaming at the "extreme pain in the form of a severe burning sensation" caused by the potassium chloride injection. (Potassium chloride is commonly used in judicial execution through lethal injection.) A subsequent article in the June 13, 1991 edition of The New York Times details his agreement with prosecutors to "serve two years probation for practicing engineering without a license."[11]

Allegations of dishonest court appearances

In 1990 Newsweek reported Alabama Assistant Attorney General Ed Carnes having called Leuchter's views on the gas chamber "unorthodox," and alleging that "Leuchter was running a death row shakedown scheme: if a state didn't purchase Leuchter's services, he would testify at the last minute for the condemned man that the state's death chamber might malfunction."[1] The Associated Press quoted Carnes as claiming that Leuchter made "money on both sides of the fence."[2][3] In his memorandum to death penalty states, Carnes observed that in Florida and Virginia the federal courts had rejected Leuchter's testimony as unreliable.[17][18] The court in Florida had found that Leuchter had "misquoted the statements" contained in an important affidavit and had "inaccurately surmised" a crucial premise of his conclusion.[19]

In Virginia, Leuchter provided a death row inmate's attorney with an affidavit claiming the electric chair would fail.[20] The Virginia court decided the credibility of Leuchter's affidavit was limited because Leuchter was "the refused contractor who bid to replace the electrodes in the Virginia chair."[21]

Zündel trial and investigation at Auschwitz

In 1988 Leuchter was hired by Ernst Zündel, who was being tried in Canada for publishing works of Holocaust denial, to investigate and testify as an expert witness at his trial, for a fee of $30,000.[22] Leuchter was recommended to Zündel by Bill Armontrout, warden for Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Missouri. In his capacity as warden, Armontrout was personally responsible for carrying out executions by the use of cyanide gas.[14] Leuchter traveled to Auschwitz and Birkenau to examine the structures identified by guards, prisoners, and investigators, as gas chambers, and concluded that they could not have been used for mass murder.

Zündel's Samisdat Publications published his findings as The Leuchter Report: An Engineering Report on the Alleged Execution Chambers at Auschwitz, Birkenau, and Majdanek Poland (published in England as Auschwitz: The End of the Line: The Leuchter Report - The First Forensic Examination of Auschwitz), which the court accepted only as evidentiary display and not as direct evidence. Leuchter was therefore required to explicate it and testify to the veracity of his findings under oath in the trial. His report was widely republished and translated by various denial organizations, and he has since lectured on it and his subsequent experiences.[14] Protests were organized in response.[23]

In 1988, Leuchter traveled to several sites of structures identified as gas chambers, where, although he did not have permission to do so, he collected samples from walls, ceilings and floors, using a chisel and hammer to chip and scrape off pieces of the masonry. He took copious notes about the floor plans and layout, and all of his actions were videotaped by a cameraman. (Leuchter, who had been married for about one month before the trip, told his wife that the trip to Auschwitz-Birkenau was their honeymoon.[14]) Leuchter then brought the samples back to Boston, where he presented them to Alpha Analytical Laboratories, a chemical laboratory, for testing. Leuchter told Alpha only that he would use the samples as evidence in a court case about an industrial accident. The lab tested them for exposure to cyanide and found trace amounts in the crematoria, which Leuchter dismissed in his report:

It is notable that almost all the samples were negative and that the few that were positive were very close to the detection level (1mg/kg); 6.7 mg/kg at Krema III; 7.9 mg/kg at Krema I. The absence of any consequential readings at any of the tested locations as compared to the control sample reading 1050 mg/kg supports the evidence that these facilities were not execution gas chambers. The small quantities detected would indicate that at some point these buildings were deloused with Zyklon B—as were all the buildings at all these facilities.

Leuchter compares the low amounts in the Krema to the higher readings in his positive control sample.

Lab manager James Roth testified under oath to the results at the trial. It was only after he got off the stand that Roth learned what the trial was about. In an interview for Morris' film, Roth states that cyanide would have formed an extremely fine layer on the walls, to the depth of one-tenth of a human hair. Leuchter had taken samples of indeterminate thickness (he is seen in Morris' film hammering at the bricks with a rock hammer). Not informed of this, Roth had pulverized the entire samples, thus severely diluting the cyanide-containing layer of each sample with an indeterminate amount of brick, varying for each sample. Roth offers the analogy that the tests were like "analyzing paint on a wall by analyzing the timber that's behind it."[14]

Leuchter did not examine the walls of the gas chambers until 50 years after they had been used; his critics note that it would have been virtually impossible to discover any cyanide at all using his method. In fact, tests conducted on ventilation grates immediately after the end of the war showed substantial amounts of cyanide. The chambers were demolished by the Nazis when they abandoned Auschwitz, and the facilities Leuchter examined were, in fact, partially reconstructed. Leuchter was unaware that part of the camp and chambers were reconstructed, so he had no way of knowing if the bricks he was scraping were actually part of the original gas chamber.

Many of Leuchter's conclusions are based on the assumption that it would take 20 to 30 hours to air a room disinfected with Zyklon-B; since far lower concentrations are required when gassing people than for delousing, it would take only 20 to 30 minutes to air out the room. Therefore, the forced ventilation systems used would be more than adequate to allow the gas chambers to be operated without endangering the executioners. When questioned in court, Leuchter admitted he had not seen a document by the Waffen SS Commandant for construction issued when the gas chambers were constructed, which estimated they had a 24-hour capacity of 4756 people, more than 30 times Leuchter's estimate of 156.

Leuchter's opposition to the possibility of gas chambers rests on the relatively low concentration of cyanide residue measured in his sample of the remains of the gas chambers in Auschwitz, compared to his sample of the "delousing chambers" in which clothes were deloused using the same gas, hydrogen cyanide. However, his report contains the assumption that lower concentrations are required for delousing than to kill humans and other warm blooded creatures; in fact, with their simpler structures and slower metabolisms, insects are more resistant to such gross metabolic poisons than mammals. Both toxicological study and practical experience demonstrate that it takes a much higher concentration of cyanide (16,000 parts per million) to kill insects than to kill humans (300 PPM), as well as an exposure time of many hours rather than only minutes. Leuchter also fails to explain his belief that Zyklon-B was used for delousing, in view of his belief that the product would present technical difficulties in ventilating and decontaminating such as to make it impractical for use in a gas chamber. Nor has he ever explained why such large chambers would be needed for delousing clothes.

Aftermath

Protests were organized outside the court house in Canada, and near Leuchter's home in Malden, Massachusetts. However, despite the bad publicity Leuchter remained active until 1990, when his lack of qualifications to practice was exposed.[24][25] In the late 1980s, following the Ernst Zündel trial, he was featured in both the Atlantic Monthly[26] and Prime Time Live in items on capital punishment, neither of which mentioned his association with Zündel. Also following his involvement in the Zündel trial, Leuchter began lecturing to Holocaust denial groups such as the Institute for Historical Review (IHR) about his research and continued belief in the conclusions he testified to in the trial.[27] A speech to the Eleventh IHR Conference in October, 1992, included the following remark:

In this case, it is myself that I post mortem — and the cadaver isn't dead! Much to the dismay of my executioners, the execution was so badly botched that I am able to stand here before you to speak the truth, and to tell the world that it is not myself, but the Holocaust story that is dead. I repeat for the record: I was condemned for maintaining that there were no execution gas chambers as Auschwitz, Birkenau, Majdanek, Dachau, Mauthausen, or Hartheim Castle. There's no proof for the charge, only innuendo, lies, and half-truths. Robert Faurisson, Ernst Zundel and others said this first. They, too, live as victims of botched executions, but nevertheless free to speak the truth in a strong and growing voice that repeats: No gas chambers, no gas chambers, no damn gas chambers!

Because I was somewhat naïve at the time, I was not aware that by so testifying I was offending the organized world Jewish community. By providing final, definitive proof that there were no execution gas chambers utilized for genocidal purposes by the Germans at these wartime camps, I established the simple fact that the Holocaust story is not true. What I did not know was that anyone expressing such beliefs is guilty of a capital crime: that of thinking and telling the unspeakable truth about the greatest lie of the age.

I would have to pay for this crime. While I innocently told the truth in Toronto, plans were made, and subsequently implemented, for a major effort to destroy me. If I could be destroyed and discredited — so the reasoning went — no one would accept my professional findings, no matter how truthful.[28]

In October 1990, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts brought criminal charges against Leuchter for representing himself as an engineer without a license.[14]Leuchter not only lacks an engineering license but has neither an engineering degree nor any other relevant professional certification or recognized credential - his education consists of a BA in history, which he completed in 1964. In 1991, the case was settled under the agreement that he will serve two years' probation for practicing engineering without a license.[29] He admits to having no formal training in toxicology, biology or chemistry.[14]

When he tried to sell parts of a lethal injection machine and other inventory from Fred Leuchter Associates, much of it items pending work for various states who refused to pay him for previously contracted or agreed work, he was again charged.[30] Leuchter claims that the Massachusetts Attorney General had to explain that the sale of the offered equipment was not, in fact, illegal. His wife divorced him in this same period.[14] Furthermore, states started to deny his contracts on the basis of his lack of qualifications.[31]

Leuchter was arrested in and shortly thereafter deported from the United Kingdom in November 1991.[32] He had been banned from entering the country by the Home Office and his entry and presence in the country was therefore considered illegal.[33] Leuchter claimed that United States consulate personnel effectively refused him aid. He had been interrupted while giving an invited speech at David Irving's instigation; his talk followed immediately one by Robert Faurisson. Leuchter has blamed criticism of his work on an "international cabal... those who have unjustly attacked me and violated my rights... the Klarsfelds, Shapiros, and Kahns of the world".[1][34]

According to the Institute for Historical Review, Leuchter subsequently took employment as a "telephone solicitor."[35]

Repetition of Leuchter's examination

In February 1990, Professor Jan Markiewicz, Director of the Forensic Institute of Cracow, redid the analysis.[14][36] Markiewicz decided that the Prussian blue test was unreliable because it depended on the acidity of the environment, which was low in the gas chambers. Markiewicz and his team used microdiffusion techniques to test for cyanide in samples from the gas chambers, from delousing chambers, and from living areas elsewhere within Auschwitz. The living quarter samples (negative controls) tested negative, while cyanide residue was found in both the delousing chambers and the gas chambers. The amount of cyanide found had a great variability, possibly due to 50 years of exposure to the elements to varying degrees,[37] but even so, the categorical results were that cyanide was found where expected in both the gas chambers and the delousing facilities, and not found in the living quarters, supporting the hypothesis that the gas chambers were exposed to high levels of cyanide like the delousing facilities, and not low levels for routine fumigation, like the living quarters.

Documentary

Main article: Mr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred A. Leuchter, Jr.

Leuchter is the subject of a 1999 documentary by Errol Morris, entitled Mr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred A. Leuchter, Jr.,[14] along with Ernst Zündel and David Irving.

Robert Jan van Pelt, who appears in Mr. Death to specify some of Leuchter's scholarly failures (e.g. not consulting the large documentation archive available at Auschwitz), served as the primary expert witness against Irving at the libel trial of Deborah Lipstadt in 2000, relating to the court the strength of the physical and documentary evidence supporting the use of that camp for gassing.[38]

==

Ernst Christof Friedrich Zündel (born April 24, 1939) is a German[1][2] publisher known for promoting Holocaust denial.[3][4] He has been jailed several times: in Canada for publishing literature "likely to incite hatred against an identifiable group", and on charges of being a threat to national security; in the United States, of overstaying his visa; and in Germany for charges of "inciting racial hatred".[5][6][7] He lived in Canada from 1958 to 2000.

In 1977, Zündel founded a small press publishing house called Samisdat Publishers, which issued such neo-Nazi pamphlets as his co-authored "The Hitler We Loved and Why" and Richard Verrall's "Did Six Million Really Die? The Truth At Last", which were both significant documents of the Holocaust denial movement. Verrall's pamphlet should not be confused with Barbara Kulaszka's book Did Six Million Really Die? Report on the Evidence in the Canadian "False News" Trial of Ernst Zündel, 1988.

On February 5, 2003, Ernst Zündel was detained by local police in the U.S. and deported to Canada, where he was detained for two years on a Security Certificate for being a foreign national considered a threat to national security pending a court decision on the validity of the certificate. Once the certificate was upheld, he was deported to Germany and tried in the state court of Mannheim on outstanding charges of incitement of Holocaust denial dating from the early 1990s. On February 15, 2007, he was convicted and sentenced to the maximum term of five years in prison. All these imprisonments and prosecutions were for inciting hatred against an identifiable group.[8] He was released on March 1, 2010.[9]

Contents

  [hide] 

Background

==

David John Cawdell Irving (born 24 March 1938) is an English Holocaust denier[1] and author who has written on the military and political history of World War II, with a focus on Nazi Germany. His works include The Destruction of Dresden (1963), Hitler's War (1977), Churchill's War (1987), and Goebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich (1996). In his works, he argued that Hitler did not know of the extermination of Jews or, if he did, opposed it.[2] Though Irving's revisionist views of World War II were never taken seriously by mainstream historians, he was once recognised for his knowledge of Nazi Germany and his ability to unearth new historical documents.

Irving marginalized himself in 1988 when, based on his reading of the pseudoscientific[3] Leuchter report, he began to espouse Holocaust denial, specifically denying that Jews were murdered by gassing at the Auschwitz extermination camp.[4][5]

Irving's reputation as a historian was discredited[6] when, in the course of an unsuccessful libel case he filed against the American historian Deborah Lipstadt and Penguin Books, he was shown to have deliberately misrepresented historical evidence to promote Holocaust denial.[7] The English court found that Irving was an active Holocaust denier, antisemite, and racist,[8] who "for his own ideological reasons persistently and deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence".[8][9] In addition, the court found that Irving's books had distorted the history of Adolf Hitler's role in the Holocaust to depict Hitler in a favourable light.

==

hmmn

http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos

“”It turns out that a gay man of Jewish descent who can't stop talking about how much he loves having sex with black dudes is not universally loved by homophobic racist anti-Semites.
—We Hunted the Mammoth[66]

With Gamergate's popularity (and, presumably, his and Breitbarts' readership) declining, Yiannopoulos chose to find a new ass to kiss in an attempt to stay relevant, settling on the burgeoning Alt-Right movement. As such, he (and/or his interns) and colleague Allum Bokhari penned a 5,000 word love-letter primer for the movement,[67] whereby Yiannopoulos and his co-author described the pseudo-intellectual voices behind the movement – the bulk of whom were writers from openly anti-Semitic and racist organisations such as VDARE and American Renaissance – as "dangerously bright".[13] The Daily Stormer responded by telling them to eff off, accusing them of completely misrepresenting the movement to better serve their own interests (The horror!), taking particular umbrage with their claims that the alt-right does what they do as a joke, and aren't really racist at all. (So, that's all right, then.)[67] Why Yiannopoulos, who is both gay and ethnically Jewish (but raised Roman Catholic), and Bokhari, who is part-Pakistani, both thought that trying to ally themselves with a bunch of Nazis (and tying Breitbart's already sketchy reputation to them) was a good idea in the first place is unclear.

Despite his heritage, Yiannopoulos has embraced many of the neo-Nazi tropes about "Jews run[ning] everything" from the banks to the media, saying that "They're right about all that stuff [...] it's a statistical fact [that] Jews are vastly disproportionately. It's just a fact. It's not anti-Semitic to point out statistics."[68] During his college years, Milo also enjoyed sporting his Iron Cross around town, made jokes about the Holocaust before the alt-right was even a thing, and had a fondness for reading speeches by Adolf Hitler.[13][69]

Andrew Anglin of The Daily Stormer – an openly neo-Nazi website from the alt-right – said this, following Milo's suspension from Twitter:

The homosexualist Jew Milo Yianiannaopopolous has made a career of co-opting edginess, first infiltrating the #Gamergate movement as a means to anally-violate confused video-gaming teenagers in his homeland of Britain, before infiltrating the Neo-Nazi movement and using it as a vehicle to tour the United States and facilitate gay sex with bi-curious college students. [...]

Repeatedly, the dick-loving kike and self-appointed leader of the Neo-Nazi movement has been messed with by Twitter, but now it appears he is permanently banned. This "suspension" comes after he engaged in the trolling campaign against the gorilla-like star of the new feminist Ghostbusters film. This was funny – credit where credit is due. Actually, Milo has done a few funny things, just none to justify his attempt to normalize man-on-man anal sex with Blacks in the Nazi movement. [...]

Probably, on some cosmic level, it is hilarious that large numbers of people are like, "yeah, great, the Nazi movement has a homosexual Jew leader." I am able to glimpse the cosmic hilarity of this at certain moments, but then I immediately return to the reality situation, which is that I hate this.[70]

A Daily Beast article in September 2016 suggested that Yiannopoulos has gotten funding from virtual reality tycoon Palmer Luckey.[71]

==

http://web.archive.org/web/20101123192704/http://holocaustdenialontrial.org/en/trial

irving

1.1 In this action the Claimant, David Irving, maintains that he has been libelled in a book entitled "Denying the Holocaust - The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory", which was published by Penguin Books Limited and written by Professor Deborah Lipstadt, who are respectively the First and Second Defendants in the action. (For the sake of brevity I shall refer to them, as in due course I shall refer to the expert witnesses, by their last names).

1.2 The essential issues in the action can be summarised as follows: Irving complains that certain passages in the Defendants' book accuse him of being a Nazi apologist and an admirer of Hitler, who has resorted to the distortion of facts and to the manipulation of documents in support of his contention that the Holocaust did not take place. He contends that the Defendants' book is part of a concerted attempt to ruin his reputation as an historian and he seeks damages accordingly. The Defendants, whilst they do not accept the interpretation which Irving places on the passages complained of, assert that it is true that Irving is discredited as an historian by reason of his denial of the Holocaust and by reason of his persistent distortion of the historical record so as to depict Hitler in a favourable light. The Defendants maintain that the claim for damages for libel must in consequence fail.

...

-

-

7.113 The Defendants are highly critical of Irving for having attached any credence to the Leuchter report. Van Pelt included in his report a detailed critique of Leuchter, his methodology and his conclusions. His criticisms echo those contained in a reasoned rebuttal sent to Irving late in 1989 by a Mr Colin Beer (which at that time Irving acknowledged had some force).

7.114 According to both van Pelt and Beer, the fundamental flaw in the report was Leuchter's assumption that the concentration of cyanide in the killing chambers would have needed to be greater than the concentration in the delousing chamber, that is, in the region of 3,200 ppm or higher. According to them that assumption is simply wrong. Moreover it demolished or at least undermined a number of the reasons advanced by Leuchter for denying the existence of the killing chambers. Basing himself on the high concentration of cyanide which he assumed would have been needed to gas humans, Leuchter had argued that the ventilation system of the chambers would have been wholly inadequate. But, say the Defendants, if the concentration required was much lower, it would follow that the ventilation requirements would be correspondingly reduced. Irving accepted that this was a logical conclusion. Similarly Leuchter's argument that the high concentration of cyanide required to kill humans would have created a high risk of toxic contamination of the sewers is invalidated if the concentration required was a fraction of that assumed by Leuchter. Irving again agreed that this is a logical conclusion. He also agrees that the need for elaborate safety precautions, also relied on by Leuchter, would be radically reduced.

7.115 The Defendants relied on the content of an interview of Dr Roth, the scientist at the Massachusetts laboratory which carried out the tests on Leuchter's samples. According to Dr Roth, cyanide produces a surface reaction which will penetrate no further than one tenth of the breadth of human hair. The samples with which he was provided by Leuchter ranged in size between a human thumb and a fist, so they had to be broken down with a hammer before analysis. Roth asserts that the resulting dilution of any cyanide traces effectively invalidates the test results.

7.116 Apart from what the Defendants regard as the fundamentally flawed assumption by Leuchter about the concentration of cyanide required for killing purposes, they identified numerous errors of fact in his report. He wrongly stated that there was no provision for gas-fitted (that is, sealed) doors and windows in the gas chambers. Tthe walls of the Leichenkeller were, contrary to what Leuchter claimed, sealed with a coating of plaster. Leuchter wrongly assumed that there was a mains sewer. He wrongly stated that there was no exhaust or ventilation system and that the facilities were damp and unheated. He asserted unjustifiably that there would have been a risk of death to those inserting Zyklon-B pellets into the roof vents.Irving accepted the validity of most of these criticisms of the Leuchter report.

7.117 Basing himself on the arguments which I have rehearsed in abbreviated form, van Pelt, not mincing his words, dismissed the Leuchter report as "scientific garbage".

-

The Defendants' evidence of the falsity of Irving's claims

8.21 A formidable obstacle in the way of arriving at an accurate number for those killed by gas is that no records were kept by the Nazis of the numbers put to death in the gas chambers or, if they were, none have survived. Records were kept, as I have mentioned earlier, of the number of deaths amongst those who were registered as inmates of the camp. But, for reasons which are perhaps obvious, none of those deaths is recorded as having been due to gassing.

8.22 The difficulty of arriving at an accurate estimate is compounded by the undoubted fact that many inmates died from disease and above all in the typhus epidemics which from time to time ravaged the camp. Whilst the Defendants do assert that these deaths are the result of deliberate genocidal policy on the part of the Nazis, they must of course be discounted in order to reach a correct estimate of the number of deaths in the gas chambers. Initial estimates, largely based on the capacity of the crematoria, ran as high as 4 million. As has been see the camp commandant, Hoss, gave varying estimates, ranging from 3 million to 1.1 million. However, analysis of the numbers of Jews transported to Auschwitz produced a lower estimate of around 1 million. Research carried out more recently, notably by Raul Hilberg and by Dr Piper of the Auschwitz Museum, has concluded that the true figure for the number of deaths at Auschwitz is in the region of 1.1 million of which the vast majority perished in the gas chambers. This figure has, according to the evidence of van Pelt and Longerich, been endorsed by the majority of serious, professional historians concerned in this field. The only significant exception is Jean-Claude Pressac, a French chemist and amateur historian, whose study concluded that the overall number of deaths was 630-710,000, of which 470-550,000 were gassed on arrival at the camp.

8.23 Longerich estimated that between February 1942 and January 1945 between 900,000 and 1 million Jews died at Auschwitz. But he made clear that those figures included those who died otherwise than by being gassed, for example in epidemics. Deaths outside the gas chambers accounted for about 100,000 deaths, leaving 800,000 to 900,000 murders by gassing. Longerich made clear that he regarded all the deaths as genocidal since the conditions in the camp were deliberately prepared by the Nazis.

8.24 It is the contention both van Pelt and Evans on behalf of the Defendants that Irving has consistently under-estimated the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust and more particularly at Auschwitz. The Defendants assert that the available evidence demonstrates that the number of Jews killed in the Holocaust, both at Auschwitz and more generally, far exceeds Irving's estimates (which themselves vary considerably). They contend that he has paid no proper regard to that evidence and that he has carried no or no adequate research into the numbers killed.

< Claims made by IrvingEvidence relied on by Irv... >
Evidence relied on by Irving in support of his claims

8.25 Irving noted that shortly after the end of the war the Poles, who were in possession of all the records, claimed that altogether nearly 300,000 people of different nationalities died at Auschwitz. That figure gradually increased to four million, which was the number mentioned (unitl 1990) on the monument erected by the Communists in memory of the dead. The figure then came down again. As for the total number of those who died in the Holocaust, Irving claimed that the figure was said by Justice Jackson at Nuremberg to be a back of an envelope calculation. Other estimates were significantly lower. There are real doubts about the figures, concluded Irving. He said he did not want to "play the numbers game".

8.26 He nevertheless put to the Defendants' witnesses in cross-examination that figures for the total number of those killed at Auschwitz are to be found in the camp "death books" and the cipher messages from Auschwitz to Berlin which were decrypted at Bletchley. I have already recorded the contention of the Defendants that these figures take account only of those who were registered at the camp and not those who were murdered in the gas chambers on arrival there. Irving also argued that the incineration capacity of the ovens meant that the number of those killed must have been far lower than Longerich claimed.

8.27 Irving relied on the contents of the Haganah report about the number of Jews who were transported at the end of the war from the displaced persons camps to Israel. This report explains, so Irving maintained, why many Jews could not be traced and so were erroneously thought to have lost their lives in the concentration camps when in truth they started new lives in Israel.

8.28 Irving also sought to justify his claim as to the number of Jews who were killed in the concentration camps by reference to what he said were the 450,000 Jews who had lodged claims for compensation arising out of the Holocaust. If that many survived, said Irving, the number of the dead must be far smaller than claimed. The Defendants did not accept Irving's figure for the number of claimants. In any event they pointed out that the claimants include the children and grandchildren of Holocaust victims for the return of property of which they were dispossessed many years ago and so cast no light on the number of those who lost their lives.

<< The Defendants' evidence ...< Claims made by Irving

==

2001

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2001/lying-about-holocaust-inside-denial-movement

no link

National borders don't mean much in the international Holocaust denial business, but America is playing a special role.

On Friday morning, Oct. 28, 1994, in Kenner, La., British author David Irvingwoke at 7:30 a.m., went to Denny's for breakfast, didn't like the tea (so he didn't pay for it), then spent all day at the "Great New Orleans Militaria Show," where he sold $650 worth of his books and spent $20 on a Goebbels postcard.

When he returned to his hotel at 6:20 that evening, there was a message waiting fromDavid Duke, America's best-known former Ku Klux Klan leader. Irving returned the call.

They talked and, as agreed, they met the next night when Irving spoke at the North Kenner library. After the lecture Duke, Irving and Duke's fiancée went to dinner. The following night they had dinner together again, this time at Duke's home in Metairie.

After they ate, Duke "gave me a chapter of his draft memoirs to run my eye over," Irving wrote in his private diary, parts of which are now part of a London court record.

"[I]mmediately, I seized a pen and began sub editing it, with the result that he wants me to edit everything he's written to now. Several chapters of his quasi Mein Kampf." The manuscript was, in the words of the British writer, "much better than I anticipated, [containing] many insights. . . . [It] deserves success."

In the months that followed, Irving and Duke would frequently dine together. They played tennis, went to a disco, and also met with an assortment of U.S. white supremacists, including old-timers Willis Carto and Eustace Mullins.

:{

}:

Irving continued to edit Duke's manuscript (a racist tract that would turn into My Awakening, with chapters on black intellectual "inferiority," Jewish "supremacism," Holocaust denial and an "Aryan vision" for America) and tried to find him a publisher.

In turn, Duke loaned Irving money and gave him 404 names of his "best" contributors — a list which Irving wrote that he planned to "milk."

At first blush, this cozy collaboration seems odd — a prolific British writer, known for best-selling books such as Hitler's War, hobnobbing with an American known for his association with the nation's oldest terrorist group. But it is not.

The Duke-Irving relationship is a reflection of the international agenda and network of those who would deny the systematic murder of 6 million European Jews by the German Nazis in World War II.

Holocaust denial, in fact, may be the single most potent ideological force tying together a variety of extremists from around the globe — including old Nazis, neo-Nazis, anti-Israeli Arab governments, American black supremacists and others.

Because denial is of interest to so many extremists, it has spawned hundreds of contacts like the Duke-Irving connection that have helped to internationalize both the aims and the ties of the radical right.

And because of the First Amendment and the wealth of many U.S. far-right-wingers, America has come to play a special — even a critical — role in the falsification of this history.

The Roots of Holocaust Denial

Holocaust denial began with the Nazis, who carried out their murderous program in secret and couched it in misleading terminology. But German Nazis, and others of their countrymen later, were not the Third Reich's most credible defenders.

:{

}:

That task would fall to others, European and American neofascists who understood that a Nazi revival was possible only if the accusation of Nazi genocide of the Jews — an accusation backed by mountains of evidence — was somehow eliminated.

Americans were prominent in early postwar denial circles. Austin J. App, a professor of English at the University of Scranton, had defended Germany during World War II, claiming that it didn't desire to "dominate" Europe, but rather was legitimately attempting to get raw materials. Once the war ended, App energetically denied German atrocities.

More significant was Harry Elmer Barnes, an American isolationist who wrote a 1962 pamphletcalled Blasting the Historical Blackout, in which he claimed that the Germans who were expelled from Czechoslovakia and Poland after the war suffered a fate "obviously far more hideous and prolonged than those of the Jews said to have been exterminated in great numbers by the Nazis."

Four years later, Barnes produced Revisionism: A Key to Peace, alleging that "it is alarmingly easy to demonstrate that the atrocities of the Allies in the same period were more numerous as to victims and were carried out for the most part by methods more brutal and painful than alleged extermination in gas ovens."

Genocide as 'Hoax'

In 1966, American Nazi Party founder George Lincoln Rockwell, interviewed in Playboy, took the argument one step further, saying it was "self-defense" for people to kill Jews.

"Are you implying that Hitler was justified in exterminating 6 million European Jews?" Playboy interviewer Alex Haley asked.

"I don't believe for one minute that any 6 million Jews were exterminated," Rockwell replied. "It never happened. You want me to prove it?" Rockwell then offered up statistics purporting to show that there were more Jews alive after the war than before it.

In 1976, another American, Arthur R. Butz, wrote The Hoax of the Twentieth Century. A professor of electrical engineering at Northwestern University, Butz's book conceded that Jews were persecuted, but denied they were exterminated. Any gas chambers were for delousing, and not for mass murder, he claimed.

There would be others, too, including Gary "Gerhard" Lauck, a Nebraskan who wrote, published and helped smuggle Holocaust denial literature into Germany and other European countries in the 1980s and early 1990s.

To this day, U.S. groups such as the neo-Nazi National Alliance publish and sell denial material. To most of them, Jews intentionally made up the "Holohoax" as part of a nefarious plan to extract war reparations from Germany and to win the world's sympathy.

Europeans also have played an important part in this enterprise, but they have been hampered by laws that punish Holocaust denial and other statements seen as inciting racial hatred. This has left the Americans, with their speech protected by the First Amendment, in a unique and important position.

Of course, these deniers are only the latest in a long line of those who attributed all kinds of alleged horrors to the Jews — the murder of Jesus Christ, the poisoning of wells, the stealing of Christian children in order to drain their blood to make matzoh, plans to take over the world — that go back to the Middle Ages and beyond.

In America, automaker Henry Ford in the 1920s printed a three-year series that attacked Jews in a mass-circulation newspaper he owned, later republishing the series as the four-volume set, The International Jew. These publications did more than almost any others to popularize anti-Semitism in the United States.

Institutionalizing Anti-Semitism

But Americans have done much more than merely contribute to the storehouse of Holocaust denial literature. They have institutionalized the enterprise.

In 1978, Willis Carto — founder and head of the anti-Semitic Liberty Lobby,based in Washington, D.C. — spun off a new organization called the Institute for Historical Review (IHR).

It presented itself as a legitimate historical research group, devoted to "revisionism" — a term hijacked from a school of credible historians who offered new interpretations for the origins of World War I. But in fact, it was made up of white supremacists and neo-Nazis, and it would draw expertise from the like-minded from around the world.

Its mission was to erase the Holocaust by any means at its disposal — including distortion, misquotation and outright falsification.

IHR's first annual conference was held in 1979. As in subsequent meetings, deniers from around the world attended and helped to introduce some key American extremists to Holocaust denial.

David Duke, the neo-Nazi who was then the national leader of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, was so taken with the idea that he followed up the conference with an issue of his Crusader newspaper that he dubbed the "Special Holocaust Edition."

In the same way, National Socialist Party of America leader Frank Collin enthusiastically embraced denial, saying, "There was no Holocaust, but they deserve one — and will get it."

To this day, IHR's yearly conferences are key events that offer networking opportunities for neo-Nazis and anti-Semites from around the world.

Constructing the Myth

A critical contribution by IHR was its attempt to encourage fellow anti-Semites to avoid Collin's type of blatant venom, and instead to couch their politics in distortions of history and science meant to sound reasonable.

Though the theories that resulted were far out, they had at least the appearance of legitimacy, as did the Journal of Historical Review that the IHR would soon begin to publish.

Deniers would claim, for example, that the Anne Frank diary is a fraud because it had alterations made with a postwar ballpoint pen (they didn't mention that the marks were made later by Frank's father).

They would assert that the ovens were not capable of burning as many bodies as the Allies had said were disposed of after gassing. They lied about the qualities of the Zyklon B gas used to kill Jews, the operation of the Einsatzgruppen (the mobile killing squads which shot more than 1 million Jews on the Eastern Front), and hundreds of other facts.

Through it all, they sought to give the appearance of honest, if skeptical, students of history.

So it's no surprise that IHR liked the look of Irving, a man who had written a whole series of books about World War II and who increasingly, over the years, became a denier of the Holocaust.

As evidence in the London trial would later disclose, Irving was first invited to the annual IHR meeting in 1980. He began attending in 1983, and went on to speak before at least five more conferences, in 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994 and 1995, as well as at numerous other IHR events.

Irving's value — as a prolific writer with a reputation as a historian — was so apparent to IHR that he was introduced in 1990 as "a kind of one-man IHR."

Irving's Odyssey

Irving had for years tried to keep a foot in two worlds — that of the radical right and that of respectability. He was known as a good writer and an industrious researcher, someone who had tracked down not only unique documents, but also many of Hitler's former adjutants.

:{

}:

He didn't exactly deny the Holocaust — he rather minimized it, suggesting that the numbers of Jews killed was much smaller than commonly believed, while, he asserted, the number of German civilians killed by the Allies was greater than acknowledged.

To the extent there was a Holocaust, he argued, it wasn't the handiwork of Hitler, whom he believed to be the Jews' "best friend" among the Nazis, but that of Heinrich Himmler and others.

In 1988, Irving agreed to testify in the trial of Ernst Zündel, a German national living in Canada who was facing prosecution there (for the second time) for denying the Holocaust.

Before the trial, Zündel had searched out an American "expert" on gas chambers — a man named Fred Leuchter who had worked with some state prisons on their methods of capital punishment, but who, as it later turned out, had only a bachelor's degree in history and no engineering license.

:{

}:

Zündel sent Leuchter to Auschwitz, where he illegally broke some chunks off a wall, sent them to a lab, and wrote a report concluding that people had not been gassed to death there.

The report was grossly flawed, of course, and it was not allowed as expert evidence in Zündel's trial. But it had one immediate convert — David Irving, who was so impressed that he described it as "exact science" and went on to issue a copy of it under his own imprint, accompanied by his own foreword.

It was a turning point for Irving. In a letter to American denier Arthur Butz, Irving said "the documents I saw at Toronto shattered several of my former beliefs." It wasn't long before Irving was attacking Holocaust survivors in vulgar terms.

"I don't see any reason to be tasteful about Auschwitz," he would tell one audience. "It's baloney. It's a legend. Once we admit the fact that it was a brutal slave labor camp and large numbers of people did die, as large numbers of innocent people died elsewhere in the war, why believe the rest of the baloney?

"I say quite tastelessly, in fact, that more women died on the back seat of Edward Kennedy's car at Chappaquiddick than ever died in a gas chamber in Auschwitz."

In London, a Historic Trial

In 1993, two books appeared about Holocaust denial, my own (Holocaust Denial) and, more significantly, that of Emory University professor Deborah Lipstadt.

Entitled Denying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory, she called Irving, among other things, "one of the most dangerous spokespersons for Holocaust denial." In 1994, her book was also published in Great Britain by Penguin, Ltd.

Irving, who was by now finding it more difficult to have major publishers print his work, sued Lipstadt in London for libel. He could not have done so successfully in the United States, since libel laws make it very difficult for plaintiffs — especially public figures — to prevail here.

But in Great Britain, once the plaintiff shows that a book was published which is defamatory, even if true, the burden shifts to the defendant, under the principle of "you wrote it, now back it up."

Between January and April 2000, the case of Irving v. Penguin and Lipstadt was heard before Mr. Justice Gray at the High Court in London.

In the months that led up to the trial, defense experts pored over Irving's books, tracking his footnotes back to their sources — something that had not been done systematically before. What emerged was a consistent pattern of distortion that exonerated the Nazis in general, and Hitler in particular.

Every historian, of course, makes mistakes. But, as the defense experts made clear, Irving's factual errors were always in one direction.

On April 11, 2000, the court issued a 349-page decision, declaring complete victory for Lipstadt and her publisher.

"It appears to me," Justice Gray wrote, "that Irving qualifies as a Holocaust denier. ... Irving is anti-Semitic. ... Irving is a racist. ... Irving [is] a right-wing, pro-Nazi polemicist."

Truth, Memory and Evidence, Too

The trial was not only a victory for "truth and memory," as Lipstadt had so eloquently put it. It also produced extensive evidence — largely in the form of Irving's meticulously detailed diaries, which the court gave the defense access to — of Irving's international connections, and of his frequent disingenuousness.

For example,Irving denied any contact with the National Alliance, the West Virginia-based organization headed by William Pierce, a key former member of the American Nazi Party and the author of The Turner Diaries, a novel of race war that served Timothy McVeigh as a blueprint for the Oklahoma City bombing.

:{

}:

But the defense was able to show that Irving not only had corresponded with National Alliance members (at least one of whom had written to Irving on National Alliance stationery), but also that the group had regularly organized events for Irving in the United States, including at least two in 1995, three in 1996 and two in 1997.

In fact, Irving's diaries gave proof positive of his close association with far-right racist and anti-Semitic parties and figures around the world, including nearly two decades of involvement with the major figures at the IHR (Willis Carto, Mark Weber, Tom Marcellus, Greg Raven and others), whose conferences he attended six times.

Irving also had connections to the neofascist British National Party, the [British] Clarendon Club and many German Nazis and neo-Nazis including Ernst Zündel; Ewald Bela Althans; the far-right party, Deutsche Volksunion, and its leader Gerhard Frey; Ostrat Günter Deckert; Karl Philipp; Ernst Otto Remer; Christian Worch; Ingrid Weckert; Michael Swierczek, Udo Walendy and others.

That wasn't all. One of Irving's contacts was Ahmed Rami, head of Sweden-based Radio Islam and a key promoter of anti-Semitism worldwide.

(Rami's Web site contains a treasure trove of antisemitica, including the notorious Czarist forgery, Protocols of the Elders of Zion, and speeches by American Louis Farrakhan, the leader of the black separatist Nation of Islam (NOI). The NOI publishes materials blaming Jews for the slave trade and even invited Holocaust denier Arthur Butz to address its "Saviour's Day" celebration.)

Rami, along with certain Arab governments and groups, has used Irving's and IHR's materials as anti-Israel propaganda.

Presented at trial with extensive evidence as to the nature of IHR, Irving had to concede that it contained "some elements which are cracked anti-Semites," but he maintained that he had only been an occasional speaker at the IHR's conferences.

Yet his diaries showed that his lengthy association with the institute was so close that when it split into Carto and anti-Carto factions in 1993, it was Irving — a foreign guest speaker — who attempted to resolve the Americans' differences.

'Thanks, America!'

The wealth of fundraising opportunities in America is another aspect of this country's importance in the international Holocaust denial business — a fact reflected in Irving's diaries.

In 1993, for instance, Irving was invited by IHR to participate in a press conference attacking the April opening of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. Irving agreed — in return for a fee, air fare, and an advertisement in the IHR's Journal of Historical Review for his "fighting fund," set up to finance Irving's battle to avoid being banned from Canada and Australia.

In May 1993, Irving wrote to IHR principals Mark Weber and Greg Raven, saying that "[l]ast month's appeal for Fighting Fund brought in $2,270: thanks, America!"

His diaries are replete with similar entries. "October 1, 1995 [at a Cleveland meeting organized by the National Alliance] ... Fine meeting, around 150 people, many ethnic Germans, gate of $500 as agreed, plus $1700 book sales." And again, at another Alliance event: "September 21, 1996 ... started to talk to small audience ... about seventeen people ... Book sales $1,300 plus $500 fee."

:{

}:

A decade ago, Irving could count on groups of neo-Nazis in Australia, Canada, Germany and elsewhere to come hear his lectures and buy his books. He is now banned from those countries and has been discredited in the United Kingdom.

:{

}:

While he has still been able to raise funds elsewhere, Irving increasingly has had to rely on his American audiences for political and, especially, financial support.

Coming to America

Earlier this year, the IHR was scheduled to hold its annual conference in Beirut, in conjunction with a Swiss denier named Jürgen Graf who has found asylum in nearby Iran.

Lebanese authorities, responding to international pressure, ordered the meeting cancelled, but it was recently reported that new Syrian President Bashar Assad (who during a recent papal visit revived the accusation that the Jews had killed Christ) may approve such a meeting in Damascus before the end of the year.

Whether or not that occurs, the trouble in Lebanon reflected the difficulties that deniers face in many countries — and the resulting attraction of the United States.

Take Ernst Zündel, the German national who fought for years to win Canadian citizenship. Recently, he gave up on his Canadian application, moved to Tennessee and married Ingrid Rimland, the American who for many years has run his Web site from there in order to obtain First Amendment protections. Still, coming to America has hardly changed Zündel's global focus.

"Revisionism has broken out of the Arab beachhead," Zündel exulted recently, "and is now spreading into the vast desert beyond, much like Erwin Rommel. ... If Revisionism spreads in the Middle East, I foresee scenes in Tel Aviv ... reminiscent of the Americans abandoning Saigon — with [Israeli Prime Minister Ariel] Sharon climbing into a helicopter gunship from the rooftop of the Tel Aviv Hilton!"

Germar Rudolf, a German convicted in that country of Holocaust denial, is another example. Rudolf is now asking for political asylum in the United States, saying he is being persecuted for his beliefs.

Rudolf lives in Alabama, apparently near IHR board member Robert Countess, who has been promoting his work. He was recently appointed to the advisory committee of the IHR's Journal of Historical Review.

And this summer, Rudolf submitted a 300-plus-page affidavit to Irving to support the Briton's application for the right to appeal the Lipstadt trial findings.

Finally, Irving himself, who reportedly spends a good part of the year in Florida, has begun holding so-called "real history" conferences in Cincinnati. The first two conferences, held in 1999 and 2000, were addressed by Germar Rudolf. Irving's third conference is set for Labor Day weekend, again in Cincinnati.

It seems clear today that the machinery and main proponents of Holocaust denial increasingly will operate from American soil. The IHR (which recently won its 8-year-old battle with Carto, see The Spotlight, Extinguished) shows no sign of abating its activities, and in fact still functions as a connecting point for anti-Semites from around the world.

David Irving may consider himself a proud Briton. David Duke may see himself as a loyal American. But for these two anti-Semites, race — a classification that transcends national boundaries — is more important than any other factor.

That view, typical of the radical right today, makes it clear that a significant part of anti-Semitic and racial hatred in the 21st century will be an international affair.

Kenneth S. Stern is the author of three books, including Holocaust Denial, and is the American Jewish Committee's expert on anti-Semitism and political extremism. He was a special adviser to the defense in the Irving V. Penguin and Lipstadt trial, the record of which is available at www.holocaustdenialontrial.org.

==

ref

Wayback Machine

bad translation?

http://www.holocaustdenialontrial.org/

Extent of the Holocaust – World War 2

Posted by Sarah Davis on Feb 9, 2015 in Holocaust, World War 2 |

The expression “Holocaust” initially alluded to a sacrifice Jews were obliged to make by the Torah, and later to substantial scale disasters or slaughters. Because of the philosophical implying that this saying conveys, numerous Jews discover the utilization of this statement dangerous, as it could suggest that Jews were a sacrifice. Rather than holocaust numerous Jews favor the Hebrew word Shoah, which signifies “devastation”.

While these days the expression “Holocaust” normally alludes to the aforementioned extensive scale killings of Jews, it is likewise off and on again used to allude to different events of genocide, particularly the Armenian and Hellenic Holocausts, the homicide of around 2.5 million Christians by the Young Turk government. In a few circles, the term holocaust is utilized to portray the methodical homicide of alternate gatherings which were exterminated in the same circumstances by the Nazis, including ethnic Roma and Sinti, political dissenters, communists, mental patients, homosexual-oriented people, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Russians, Poles, and different Slavs, raising the aggregate number of casualties of Nazis to somewhere around ten and fourteen million regular citizens.

holocaust-photo

One gimmick of the Nazi Holocaust that recognizes it from different mass homicides was the deliberate technique with which the mass killings were led. Detailed list arrangements of present, and future, potential exploited people were made and careful records of the killings have been found.

Likewise, extensive effort was exhausted throughout the span of the Holocaust to discover progressively effective method for slaughtering more individuals, for instance, by changing carbon monoxide poisoning in the Aktion Reinhard concentration camps of Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka to the utilization ofZyklon-B at Majdanek and Auschwitz;gas vans utilizing carbon monoxide for mass killings were used as a part of the Chelmno death camp. Notwithstanding mass killings, Nazis led numerous analyses with detainees, youngsters inclusive. Dr. Josef Mengele, a standout amongst the most broadly known Nazis, was known as the “Angel of Death” by the prisoners of Auschwitz, for his examinations.

The full degree of what was going on in German-controlled ranges was not known until after the war. Notwithstanding, various gossipy tidbits and onlooker accounts from escapees and others did provide for some evidence that Jews were being slaughtered in extensive numbers. A few dissents were held.

WAR & CONFLICT BOOK ERA:  WORLD WAR II/WAR IN THE WEST/THE HOLOCAUST

Inhumane imprisonments for, “undesirables,” were spread all through Europe, with new camps being made close focuses of thick “undesirable” populaces, regularly concentrating on intensely Jewish, Polish scholarly people, communists, or Roma bunches. The greater part of the camps was spotted on the zone of General Government. Three camps, Belzec, Sobibor, and Treblinka II, were utilized only for extermination. Just a little number of prisoners was kept alive to work at the errand of discarding the assemblages of individuals killed in the gas chambers. The transportation was regularly done under appalling conditions utilizing rail freight cars.

Extent of the Holocaust

The accurate number of individuals executed by the Nazi administration is still subject to further research. As of late declassified British and Soviet archives have demonstrated the aggregate may be to a degree higher than beforehand accepted. In any case, the accompanying evaluations are thought to be exceedingly reliable.

5.6-6.1 million Jews,

3.5-6 million Slavic civilians,

2.5-4 million POWs,

1-1.5 million political dissidents,

200 000-800 000 Roma & Sinti,

200 000-300 000 handicapped,

10 000-250 000 homosexuals,

2 000 Jehovah’s Witnesses…

==

http://web.archive.org/web/20101124071203/http://holocaustdenialontrial.org/ar/denial/chronology

emory u

top

January 30, 1933

Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg.

February 27, 1933

The German Parliament (Reichstag) building is burned down under mysterious circumstances. The Nazi party declares it to be an act of terrorism.

February 28, 1933

Citing the Reichstag fire, the German government takes away freedom of speech, assembly, press, and freedom from invasion of privacy (mail, telephone, telegraph) and from house search without warrant.

March 4, 1933

Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated President of the United States.

March 22, 1933

The first concentration camp for political opponents of the regime is established at Dachau, Germany.

March 23, 1933

The German Parliament passes the "Enabling Act," which empowers Hitler to establish a dictatorship in Germany.

April 1, 1933

A nationwide boycott of Jewish-owned businesses in Germany is carried out under Nazi leadership.

April 7, 1933

The "Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service" is passed which excludes "non-Aryans" from government employment. Jewish civil servants, including university professors and schoolteachers, are fired in Germany. Similar laws in the following weeks affect Jewish lawyers, judges, and doctors.

May 10, 1933

Books written by Jews, political opponents of Nazis, and many others are burned during huge public rallies across Germany.

July 14, 1933

The "Law on the Revocation of Naturalization" is passed, which deprives Jews, as well as Gypsies, of German citizenship. The "Law to Prevent Offspring with Hereditary Defects," is also passed permitting the forced sterilization of Gypsies, the mentally and physically disabled, African-Germans, and others considered "inferior" or "unfit."

July 20, 1933

The Vatican signs a concordat (treaty) with Germany. Pope Pius XI considers the treaty as protecting the rights of Catholics in Germany, however, it only serves to legitimize the Reich and to disable Catholic opposition to the regimee.

July 31, 1933

Approximately 30,000 people are now interned in German concentration camps.

September 1933

Heinrich Himmler is appointed overseer of all police units in the Reich, except Prussia.

1934

top

June 30-July 1, 1934

In what came to be called the "Night of the Long Knives," members of the Nazi party and police murdered members of the Nazi leadership, army, and others on Hitler's orders.

August 2, 1934

German President Hindenburg dies. Hitler becomes Führer in addition to his position as chancellor. Members of the armed forces must take a personal oath of allegiance to Hitler.

October 1934

The first major wave of arrests of homosexuals occurs throughout Germany, continuing into November.

1935

top

April 1935

Jehovah's Witnesses are banned from all civil service jobs and are arrested throughout Germany.

September 15, 1935

Citizenship and racial laws are announced at a Nazi party rally in Nuremberg. These laws, called the "Nuremberg Laws," make Jews subjects, not citizens. They prohibit sexual relations and intermarriage between Jews and "persons of German or related blood." Who is a Jew is officially defined in the following months, including the category of Mischlinge, who are persons of mixed Jewish-"Aryan" parentage and Jews who are married to "Aryans."

1936

top

March 7, 1936

Hitler's army invades the Rhineland (an industrial region then part of France), which Germany had lost as part of the Versailles Treaty at the end of World War I.

March 29, 1936

The elite SS is renamed the SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-Death's Head Units). They provide guards for concentration camps.

June 26, 1936

Reinhard Heydrich is appointed by Heinrich Himmler to head the SD (Security Service branch of the SS).

July 12, 1936

Prisoners and civilian workers begin construction of the concentration camp Sachsenhausen at Oranienberg near Berlin. By September, German authorities had imprisoned about 1,000 people in the camp.

August 1-16, 1936

The Olympic Games take place in Berlin. Anti-Jewish signs are removed until the Games are over.

1938

top

March 13, 1938

Austria is annexed by Germany in what was called the Anschluss. Austrian Jews are immediately subject to all anti-semitic laws in effect in Germany.

April 26, 1938

The German government demands that all Jews register their property with the authorities. This is the first step in expropriation of Jewish property, or 'Aryanization.'

July 6-15, 1938

Representatives from thirty-two countries meet at Evian, France, to discuss refugee policies. Most of the countries refuse to let in more Jewish refugees.

July 23, 1938

Jews in Germany are ordered to apply for identity cards to be shown to the police on demand.

August 13, 1938

The German authorities require that every Jewish man in the Reich who has a first name forbidden to Jews on the ground that it was not immediately recognizable as Jewish had to add "Israel" to his middle name. Women were obliged to add the name "Sara" to their names.

September 30, 1938

Britain, France, Italy` and Germany sign the Munich pact, forcing Czechoslovakia to cede its border areas to the German Reich.

October 1-10, 1938

German troops occupy the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia under the stipulations of the Munich Pact.

October 5, 1938

At the request of Switzerland, the passports of all Jews are marked with a large 'J' for ease of identification.

November 9-10, 1938

The Nazis burn synagogues and loot Jewish homes and businesses in a nationwide pogrom called Kristallnacht ("Night of Broken Glass"). Nearly 30,000 German and Austrian Jewish men are deported to concentration camps and at least 91 Jews are murdered. On November 12, 1938 the German Jews are fined one billion mark to pay for the damages incurred on Kristallnacht, thereby forcing them to pay for the repair of their own properties.

November 15, 1938

All Jewish children are expelled from public schools. Segregated Jewish schools are created.

December 3, 1938

The German government decrees that all Jewish industries, shops, and businesses that have not already been 'aryanized' be forcibly 'aryanized.'

1939

top

March 15, 1939

German troops invade and occupy the rest of Czechoslovakia.

May 17, 1939

The British issue a White Paper that limits Jewish immigration to Palestine to 75,000 over five years.

June 1939

Cuba and the United States refuse to accept Jewish refugees aboard the ship S.S. St. Louis, which is forced to return to Europe.

August 23, 1939

The Soviet and German governments sign the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact in which they agree that if (or more like, when) Germany invades Poland, Russia will not come to Poland's aid. In return, Russia will be given the eastern half of Poland and the Baltic States of Lithuania, Estonia, and Latvia.

September 1, 1939

Germany invades Poland and World War II begins.

September 3, 1939

Britain and France fulfilled their promise to protect Poland's border and declare war on Germany.

October 1939

Hitler authorized the beginning of the "euthanasia" program (also known as the 'T-4' program after its address at number 4 Tiergartenstrasse). German doctors were authorized to kill institutionalized mentally and physically disabled persons by lethal injection or in gas chambers. (These experienced personnel were later transferred to the death camps to continue their operations in another setting).

November 1939

Hans Frank, the governor-general of occupied Poland, sets up the first "self-governing" Jewish councils (Judenrate) in Jewish ghettos. The council leaders must obey the demands of the Nazis.

November 23, 1939

All Jews in German-occupied Poland are required to wear white badges with a blue Star of David on them on a prominent part of their outer clothing.

1940

top

Spring 1940

Germany invades and defeats Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and France.

April 30, 1940

German authorities order the first major Jewish ghetto in Lodz (Poland), which had been established in February, 1940, to be sealed off. Eventually, at least 160,000 people were confined in the ghetto and could not leave without German authorization.

May 20, 1940

SS authorities establish the Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. It is not yet a death camp.

September 23, 1940

Heinrich Himmler authorizes a special SS Reichsbank account to hold gold (including gold extracted from human teeth), silver, jewelry, and foreign currency stolen from interned Jews. The account is held by the fictitious "Max Heiliger."

October 1940

The Warsaw ghetto is established. On November 15, 1940 it is sealed off. It was the largest ghetto in both area and population, with more than 350,000 Jews at its peak occupancy. This number represented about 30 percent of the city's population which was sealed into an area about 2.4 percent of the city's total area. Jews are limited to 183 calories per day. Between January and August, 1941 about 13,000 Jews die of hunger in the ghetto. In one month alone, March of 1942, almost 5,000 died of starvation.

1941

top

March 3, 1941

A ghetto is established in Krakow, Poland, rapidly followed by others across Poland including among many others, Kielce, Lublin, Radom, Czestochowa, and Bailystok and in the Baltic states including Kovno (Lithuania), and Minsk (Belorussia), Riga (Latvia) and Kishinev (Ukraine), among others.

March 22, 1941

Gypsy and African-Germany children are expelled from public schools in the Reich.

March 24, 1941

Germany invades North Africa.

April 6, 1941

Germany invades Yugoslavia and Greece.

June 22, 1941

The German army invades the Soviet Union. The Einsatzgruppen, mobile killing squads, follow the Wehrmacht (regular army) into Russia, and begin mass murders of Jews, Gypsies and Communist leaders. By spring of 1943, the Einsatzgruppen had murdered more than a million Jews and tens of thousands of others. Some 70,000 to 80,000 Jews fled eastward to evade the first wave of German invaders.

July 31, 1941

SS-Gruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, head of the Security Police and the SD (Security Service), to take measures for the implementation of the "Final Solution of the Jewish Question." The "Final Solution" was a euphemism for the mass murder of the Jewish population of Europe.

August 20-21, 1941

About 4,300 French Jews are interned in Drancy, a transit camp in France. These are the first of 70,000 French Jews who will be deported to Auschwitz from France.

September 2, 1941

All German Jews over the age of six are required to wear a yellow Star of David on their outer clothing in public at all times.

September 3, 1941

Nine hundred Soviet prisoners of war and Polish prisoners are killed in a test of Zyklon B at Auschwitz.

September 6, 1941

German authorities establish two ghettos in Vilnius (Vilna) in German-occupied Lithuania. German and Lithuanian units kill thousands of Jews in the nearby Ponary woods. From October to December 33,500 Jews are murdered.

September 28-29, 1941

Nearly 34,000 Jews are murdered by mobile killing squads at Babi Yar, a ravine on the outskirts of Kiev (Ukraine). In the following months, thousands of others are murdered in the same place.

October-November 1941

The first group of German and Austrian Jews are deported to ghettos in Lodz, Riga, and Minsk.

October 15, 1941

German authorities in Poland decree that any Jew found outside a designated ghetto will be shot. Further, any non-Jewish Pole who aids a Jew will be executed.

November 24, 1941

German authorities established the Theresienstadt ghetto near Prague, in the German-controlled Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (ex-Czechoslovakia). Tens of thousands of Jews were deported to Theresienstadt, from which they were then deported to Auschwitz and other killing centers in regular selections. Theresienstadt also served an important propaganda purpose for the Germans: they called it a "retirement" ghetto where elderly and privileged Jews could "retire in safety." In June 1944 the Red Cross visited the ghetto, which was spruced up and social and cultural events were staged for the visiting dignitaries. Once the visit was over, the deportations were resumed. Tens of thousands of people died in Theresienstadt of disease and starvation.

November 1941

Auschwitz I (originally established as a labor camp) is expanded and a second camp is added at Birkenau. Birkenau is to be a killing center.

December 7, 1941

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor and the United States declares war on Japan.

December 8, 1941

Gassing operations with gas vans begin at the Chelmno extermination camp in occupied Poland. The murders continued until March 1943 and many of its victims are inhabitants of the Lodz ghetto. In 1943 the camp was dismantled because most of its Polish victims were dead. Renewed deportations began in June 1944 for the remnants of the Lodz ghetto. Beginning in 1944, Jewish prisoners were forced to exhume and burn the corpses from the mass graves to obliterate the evidence of mass murder. The camp was officially abandoned on January 17, 1945. The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum estimates that 320,000 persons were murdered in Chelmno.

December 11, 1941

Germany and Italy declare war on the United States.

December 31, 1941

Abba Kovner, the founder of the United Partisans Organization in Vilnius, Lithuania, calls for armed Jewish resistance to the Nazis, proclaiming, "We must not go like sheep to the slaughter!"

1942

top

January 20, 1942

Fifteen Nazi government leaders meet at Wannsee a section of Berlin, to discuss and coordinate the "final solution of the Jewish question." Adolf Eichmann dutifully takes notes at this meeting which are still extant. While the "Final Solution" was to encompass all European Jews including those in Great Britain and Ireland, as well as those in Greece, at this meeting the participants "were only concerned with the issue of 'mixed marriages' and 'half-Jews'"[Evans Report]. The total meeting time is 90 minutes.

January 1942

Mass gassings began at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Gassing operations continued until November 1944. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, approximately 1.1 million people were murdered in Auschwitz. Of these approximately 865,000 were selected for death upon arrival. The others were admitted to the camp, where many died of hunger, disease, and overwork.

March 1, 1942

Construction of a new death camp at Sobibor is begun.

March 17, 1942

At Belzec, the SS begin murdering Jews using carbon monoxide in gas chambers. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, between March 17 and December 1942, approximately 600,000 Jews and some Gypsies are murdered at Belzec.

May 1942

Gassings begin at Sobibor. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, approximately 250,000 Jews were murdered at Sobibor.

Also, the Bund (Jewish Labor Organization of Poland) informs the Polish government-in-exile in London that Polish Jews are being systematically murdered. Its report contains detailed information and reports that 700,000 have already died.

May 31, 1942

German authorities open the IG-Farben labor camp at Monowitz (Auschwitz III), which is located close to Auschwitz I.

June 1, 1942

Jews in France and the Netherlands are required to wear identifying stars.

June 4, 1942

Reinhard Heydrich is assassinated by Czech partisans. In return, on June 9, the Germans retaliate by murdering over 190 men and boys in the village of Lidice in Czechoslovakia and another 47 men, women and children at Lezaky, Czeckoslovaki.

July 15, 1942

German authorities begin the deportation of Dutch Jews from the Westerbork transit camp in the Netherlands to Auschwitz. By September 13, 1944, over 100 trains had carried more than 100,000 Dutch Jews to killing centers.

July 22, 1942

Between July 22 and September 12, German SS and police authorities, assisted by auxiliaries, deport 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto to killing centers. Of that number, 265,000 Warsaw Jews were sent to Treblinka. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, between July 1942 and November 1943, approximately 750,000 Jews and some Gypsies were murdered at Treblinka.

Also, Adam Czerniakow, chairman of the Warsaw ghetto's Judenrat, commits suicide rather than acquiesce to German demands to prepare 6,000 Jews for deportation each day.

August, 1942

Switzerland forces Jews (mostly French) already safe in Switzerland back over the border. Over the course of the war they will turn back over 10,000 Jews on the grounds that only political refugees may be admitted, not "racial refugees."

August 28, 1942

Gerhart Riegner, the representative of the World Jewish Congress in Switzerland, cables a member of Parliament in Great Britain and Rabbi Stephen Wise in the United States that he has received reliable information that the Germans have begun a systematic program of extermination of Jews by gassing and that the remaining Jews in Europe are in peril.

September 4-12, 1942

Chaim Rumkowski, the head of the Lodz ghetto's Judenrat, acquiesces to German demands that he surrender the community's aged (over 65) and children. Approximately 150,000 are deported and murdered in Treblinka. In this way, he hopes that he can save the lives of those who can work.

October 3, 1942

The Polish ambassador to the Vatican details to Pope Pius XII that the Germans have gassed thousands of Jews.

November 24, 1942

Rabbi Stephen Wise, founder and president of the World Jewish Congress, announces at a press conference that the United States' State Department has confirmed the systematic murder of Jews in Europe. He estimates that the Germans have already murdered over 2,000,000 Jews.

1943

top

February 16, 1943

Initially a prisoner of war camp, Majdanek, situated by the city of Lublin in occupied Poland, was official relabeled by SS authorities as a concentration camp. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, between October 1942 and July 1943 at least 360,000 persons were murdered by gas and other methods.

March 15, 1943

German SS, police, and military units began the deportation of Jews from Salonika, Greece to Auschwitz. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, between march 20 and August 18, more than 50,000 Greek Jews were murdered in the gas chambers at Auschwitz.

April 19-May 16, 1943

Jews in the Warsaw ghetto resist with arms the Germans' attempt to liquidate the ghetto by deporting the remaining ghetto inhabitants to Nazi extermination camps. The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was conducted by about 1,500 men and women loosely commanded by Mordecai Anielewicz. On April 19, the Germans entered the ghetto with the intent to liquidate the last 70,000 Jews in three days. They were met by organized resistance and over the next few days were repeatedly forced to retreat. The Germans suffered 16 dead and 90 wounded. On April 23, SS-Brigadeführer Jurgen Stroop ordered that the ghetto buildings be set on fire and systematically destroyed the ghetto foot by foot. On May 8, Anielewicz was killed and the resistance collapsed. Stroop triumphantly reported: "The Jewish quarter of Warsaw no longer exists."

June 21, 1943

Heinrich Himmler, leader of the SS, orders the liquidation of all ghettos in the Baltic States and Byelorussia and the deportation of all Jews in them to concentration camps.

July 28, 1943

Jan Karski, a Polish resistance fighter, arrives in Washington to advise American leaders of what he had seen in the Warsaw Ghetto and Belzec death camp. His interview with President Franklin Roosevelt indicates that the President already knows much about the Holocaust. Roosevelt assures Karski that everything possible is being done to help the Jews.

August 2, 1943

Jewish inmates revolt at Treblinka. More than 300 prisoners escape, although most are subsequently caught and killed. The SS special detachment orders surviving prisoners to remove all remaining traces of the camp's existence. Treblinka was dismantled in November 1943, and the remaining prisoners were shot.

August 16, 1943

German troops enter the Jewish ghetto of Bialystok, Poland to liquidate the remaining 30,000 Jews. They are met by resistance by hundreds of resistance fighters who battle back with small arms, axes, and bayonets until they are annihilated. The Bailystok ghetto inhabitants are transported to death camps and murdered.

Fall 1943

The Danes use boats to smuggle most of the nation's Jews to neutral Sweden.

October 14, 1943

Jewish inmates at Sobibor begin an armed revolt. More than 100 were recaptured and killed. After the revolt, the SS closed and dismantled the killing center.

October 16, 1943

The Jews of Rome, Italy are rounded up and deported to Auschwitz where most are murdered. The Vatican said nothing about this deportation despite the fact that it happened literally under their noses.

November 3-4, 1943

'Operation Harvest Festival' begins at Majdanek, Trawniki and Poniatowa. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum at least 42,000 Jews were murdered by shooting in two days. Those who resist are burned alive in a barrack.

Late 1943

Heinrich Himmler orders that Belzec be razed as Sobibor and Treblinka had been already. The land is plowed under and the buildings are destroyed. The area is then settled by Ukrainians.

1944

top

Early 1944

The Nazi Propaganda Ministry releases a film, The Führer Gives the Jews a Town, a look at the alleged good life enjoyed by Jews in Theresienstadt.

January 1944

President Roosevelt sets up the War Refugee Board (WRB) at the urging of Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau Jr. In the remaining months of the war, the WRB rescues many thousands of Jews from certain death.

March 19, 1944

Germany occupies Hungary.

April 10, 1944

Two Slovakian Jews, Alfred Wetzler and Rudolf Vrba, escape from Auschwitz. The pair later provides the Allies with the first eyewitness accounts of the "Final Solution."

May 15-July 9, 1944

Over 430,000 Hungarians Jews are deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where most of them are gassed.

June 6, 1944

Allied powers invade western Europe on D-Day.

July 9, 1944

Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg arrives in Budapest. Wallenberg will save tens of thousands of Hungarian Jews before he disappears during the Soviet offensive on the city.

July 20, 1944

German officers fail in an attempt to assassinate Hitler.

July 22, 1944

SS authorities evacuate most of the remaining prisoners from Majdanek and drive them westward ahead of the advancing Soviet army.

July 23, 1944

Soviet troops liberate Majdanek concentration camp. However, the Germans failed to destroy the camp and it was the first evidence of mass murder documented in the West.

August 2, 1944

The Nazis destroy the Gypsy camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau; around 3,000 Gypsies are gassed.

August 20, 1944

The United States Army Air Force bombs Auschwitz III (an oil and rubber plant) three miles from Auschwitz I and five miles from Birkenau. In the following days, oil refineries within 40 miles of Auschwitz are repeatedly bombed as well. Pleas for a bombing raid by the Allies in order to destroy the gas chambers and crematoria during the height of the murder of hundreds of thousands of Hungarian Jews fall on deaf ears.

August 7-30, 1944

SS and police officials liquidate the Lodz ghetto and deport the last 60,000 Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau just ahead of the advancing Soviet army.

September 3-5, 1944

Anne Frank is among the 1,019 Jews deported to Auschwitz on the last transport from the Westerbork transport camp in Holland.

October 7, 1944

At Auschwitz-Birkenau, members of the Sonderkommando (Jewish special detachment deployed to remove corpses from the gas chambers and burn them) at Auschwitz-Birkenau revolt and blew up Crematorium IV, during which they kill several SS guards. About 250 participants die in the battle and 200 more are shot after the revolt is put down.

October 30, 1944

The last transport of Jews from Theresienstadt arrives at Auschwitz.

Anne Frank is transferred from Auschwitz to Bergen-Belsen where she dies a few weeks before the camp is liberated on April 15, 1945.

November 25, 1944

The SS began to demolish the gas chambers and crematoria at Auschwitz-Birkenau to destroy the evidence of mass murder from the Soviet army, which is rapidly advancing across southern Poland.

1945

top

January 17, 1945

The Germans evacuate Auschwitz-Birkenau in anticipation of its liberation by the Soviet army; prisoners begin "death marches" toward Germany.

January 27, 1945

Soviet troops liberate Auschwitz-Birkenau, where they find about 7,000 prisoners left behind, although many did not ultimately survive.

April 11, 1945

United States troops liberate Buchenwald concentration camp. They find 20,000 prisoners still alive, although many did not ultimately survive.

April 29, 1944

United States troops liberate Dachau. They find 32,000 prisoners still alive, although many did not ultimately survive.

April 30, 1945

Hitler commits suicide in his bunker in Berlin. Joseph Goebbels, the Propaganda Minister, and his wife, Magda, commit suicide in the bunker, after fatally poisoning their six children.

May 2, 1945

German units in Berlin surrender to the Soviet army.

May 5, 1945

United States troops liberate 17,000 prisoners at the Mauthausen concentration camp.

May 7, 1945

Germany surrenders unconditionally, and the war ends in Europe.

May 23, 1945

Heinrich Himmler is arrested by the British. During an interrogation he surprises his captors by committing suicide with a cyanide capsule hidden in his mouth.

August 6, 1945

The United States drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. On August 9, an atomic bomb is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.

September 2, 1945

Japan surrenders, and World War II officially ends.

November 1945-October 1946

War crimes trials are held at Nuremberg, Germany. The International Military Tribunal (IMT) made up of United States, British, French and soviet judges, began a trial of 21 major Nazi leaders at Nuremberg, Germany.

1946

top

October 16, 1946

The IMT passes judgment on the defendants. Eighteen were convicted, and three were acquitted. Twelve were sentenced to death and ten were hung immediately. Hermann Göring escapes the hangman by committing suicide in his cell. Martin Bormann was sentenced to death in absentia.

October 25, 1946

Twenty-three former Nazi doctors are tried at Nuremberg on charges of conducting unethical experiments on camp inmates. On August 27, 1947, twenty-three physicians are found guilty. Seven are sentenced to death, nine are sentenced to prison and seven are acquitted.

1947-1997

top

March 29, 1947

Former Auschwitz commandant Rudolf Höss is sentenced to death following his trial at Warsaw, Poland. On April 16 he is hanged at Auschwitz.

May 8, 1947-July 30, 1948

Twenty-four members of I. G. Farben's board of directors are tried at Nuremberg. Thirteen are sentenced to prison; ten are acquitted and one is not tried due to poor health.

July 1, 1947-March 10, 1948

The trial of 14 former SS leaders takes place in Nuremberg. Thirteen are sentenced to prison; one is acquitted.

July 3, 1947-April 10, 1948

Twenty-four senior SS and SD officers are tried at Nuremberg. Fourteen are sentenced to death.

August 16, 1947-July 31, 1948

The Krupp Trial of 12 senior executives takes place. Eleven are sentenced to prison, one is acquitted.

November 4, 1947-April 13, 1949

Twenty-one senior Nazi diplomats and government officials are tried at Nuremberg. Nineteen are sentenced to prison, two are acquitted.

December 1947

Forty former members of the Auschwitz administration are tried at Krakow, Poland. Twenty-three are sentenced to death, 16 to imprisonment.

May 14, 1948

The State of Israel is established.

September 8, 1951

Jürgen Stroop, former SS-Gruppenführer in charge of the 1943 liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto, is hanged at Warsaw after being convicted of war crimes.

1958

The Einsatzcommando trial is held in the Soviet Union.

April 11-August 14, 1961

In Israel, the trial of Adolf Eichmann takes place. He is found guilty and executed on May 31, 1962.

December 20, 1963-August 20, 1965

The trial of 21 leading SS officers who worked at Auschwitz is held at Frankfurt am Main, West Germany. Verdicts range from acquittal to life.

December 22, 1970

Franz Stangl, commandant of Sobibor and Treblinka death camps, is sentenced to life in prison. He later dies in prison of a heart attack.

April 11, 1987

Primo Levi, an Italian-Jewish partisan who wrote numerous books about his camp experiences, takes his own life.

Summer 1995

The International Red Cross makes a formal apology for its passivity during the Holocaust, calling it a "moral failure."

Winter 1995

Bayer, a subsidiary of I.G. Farben, apologies for the pain, suffering, and exploitation the company perpetrated.

May 1996

Swiss bankers and the World Jewish Congress establish an investigative panel to look into the probably Swiss misappropriation of Jewish funds during and after World War II. A report by London's Jewish Chronicle claims that $4 billion ($65 billion in 1996 dollars) was looted by the Nazis. On June 19, 1998, a $600 million settlement offer was made to Holocaust victims. The final sum agreed upon is $1.25 billion.

November 1996

Volkswagen AG is embarrassed by a 1055-page history commissioned by the company. It reveals the details of their use of Russian POWs and Jewish slave labor during the war. On July 7, 1998 Volkswagen establishes a fund to compensate workers who were forced into slave labor.

February 20, 1997

The Polish Parliament votes to return Jewish communal property nationalized at the end of World War II. This includes about 2,000 synagogues and schools and 1,000 cemeterie

==

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/holocaust-denial

http://web.archive.org/web/20101124071107/http://holocaustdenialontrial.org/ar/denial/biographies

emory u

s many names as possible are included, though the biographical details given below remain of necessity sketches. Some figures named in the report remained untraceable, others appear only fleetingly, and still others have acquired a new prominence only as a result of this report. Figures named in the text for the sake of clarity in explaining RWE structures, but who do not directly impinge on Irving's activities in Germany are not included. Neither are figures in the international revisionist scene named in other expert reports.

Althans, Bela Ewald: Former member of the FAP and contact man for Ernst Zündel in the FRG. Leader of the 1986 founded DJBW and organiser of the AVÖ from 1986 until its closure in 1992. The AVÖ had close connections to the GdNF, KAH, and DA. Its program was largely determined by Zündel's anti-Semitism, Holocaust denial, and belief in a world conspiracy. In this sense the AVÖ (and the parallel 'Freundeskreis Ernst Zündel' - 'Ernst Zündel's Friends' Circle') was an organisational body for the prominent international revisionists around Zündel, and provided Zündel with fresh 'Zündelists' and contacts in east Germany from the militant neo-Nazi scene. For instance in 1992 Althans travelled to Moscow to spread Zündel's form of revisionism. It is claimed that Althans and other members of the 'Freundeskreis' were present during the violence in Rostock-Lichtenhagen. Althans and the 'Freundeskreis' had close contacts within the neo-Nazi scene in Germany, for example to the DA, NO, and SrA. In 1994 Althans was an NPD candidate in the Munich city elections. In 1994 and 1995 Althans was found guilty in Munich and Berlin of defaming the memory of the dead and incitement to hatred, mainly because of opinions expressed in a 1993 documentary "Job neo-Nazi" ["Beruf Neonazi"].

Boche, Peter: Former member of the Republicans. He and his wife appeared on many of the important neo-Nazi marches of the early 1990s. In 1992 a member of the Nationals. Sophia Boche, like Ursula Worch, is a known activist in the DFF.

Busse, Friedhelm: In the 1970s and 1980s Busse was a decisive influence in the developments and restructuring of the militant neo-Nazi scene. In 1983 he was sentenced to 3 years 9 months imprisonment for complicity in a bank robbery and possession of explosives. From 1988 leader of the FAP until its banning in February 1995.

Christophersen, Thies: An SS-Sonderführer in a plant nursery in Rajsko near Auschwitz, in 1969 Christophersen became the editor of The Peasantry [Die Bauernschaft] and in 1971 of the series Critique - The Voice of the People [Kritik - Die Stimme des Volkes]. In 1971 he founded the 'Citizens and Peasants Initiative' ['Bürger- und Bauerninitiative' - BBI]. In 1973 his pamphlet The Auschwitz Lie [Die Auschwitz-Lüge] appeared in his own publisher's 'Kritik-Verlag'. According to Christophersen those who died in Auschwitz were victims of bad hygienic conditions. In 1974 he called for a re-legalisation of the NSDAP and from 1976 to 1984 was involved in a series of trials and appeals in Germany for incitement to hatred, denigration of the state, and circulation of unconstitutional symbols. In 1981, following a further court judgement against him, he fled to Belgium and in 1986 to Denmark from where he continued his postal book service 'North Wind' ['Nordwind']. In 1987 his 'Kritik-Verlag' moved to Switzerland and Die Bauernschaft appeared under the auspices of the publisher's 'Nordland Forlag' and the Danish neo-Nazi leader Poul Rijs Knudsen. In 1990 his BBI dissolved itself, although Christophersen had resigned as chairman in 1988. Christophersen is a leading denialist. In 1988 he appeared as a witness at Ernst Zündel's Toronto trial and in 1989 spoke to a meeting of the KAH in Madrid. He organised his own revisionist congresses in Hagenau and Antwerp. In 1994 Ernst Zündel became the editor of Die Bauernschaft. In 1995 Christophersen left Denmark for Switzerland as a result of local protests, from where he in turn left in 1996, apparently to Spain. In his writings and speeches Christophersen openly propagated neo-Nazi thinking with an emphasis on Holocaust denial and a 'Blood-and-soil' ['Blut-und-Boden'] ideology.

Dahl, Walter: Highly decorated World War II fighter-pilot and Nazi war hero. After the war political contacts to Dr. Gerhard Frey and Erwin Schönborn.

Deckert, Günter: In 1966 Deckert joined the NPD and in the 1970s became the party's deputy chairman and leader of its youth wing the JN. In 1981 he left the party and grounded his own 'German List' ['Deutsche Liste'] and the RWE 'The Germans' ['Die Deutschen']. In 1988 he was suspended as a civil servant from his teaching job. In 1991 he rejoined the NPD and was its leader until 1995, a position lost through internal party critique. In 1992 and 1995 Deckert was found guilty of incitement to racial hatred and defamation of the memory of the dead, which led to three years of revisions and appeals. In 1996 he served a seven-month sentence for incitement of the people. Deckert is one of the most influential figures in the history of the NPD - in the 1980s for his concentration on racial incitement against asylum-seekers and migrants, in the 1990s for his propagation of revisionism. Under his leadership the NPD became a collecting point for the members of banned organisations and groups.

Dienel, Thomas: Former state chairman of the NPD in Thüringen, in which function he helped organise the rally in Halle on 9 November 1991. Later leader of the neo-Nazi DNP, founded in 1992 in Thüringen. The DNP appeared at numerous spectacular actions of the groups around the GdNF, itself a part of that circle. The DNP, including Dienel, took part in an action in Erfurt on 20 July 1992 following the death of Jewish leader Heinz Galinski. Pigs heads were thrown into the garden of the Jewish Community with labels that read 'Every pig dies - you too Heinz'. In 1992 Dienel was filmed saying 'Unfortunately the younger generation has not yet killed any Jews...'. Through such provocation the DNP took on a significance in the neo-Nazi scene beyond its real numerical weight. In December 1992 Dienel was sentenced to 2 years 8 months imprisonment for incitement of the people and defamation of the memory of the dead. Following his incarceration the DNP declined into insignificance.

Dill, Hans Joachim: Stuttgart businessman and financial supporter of Ernst Otto Remer's Remer-Depesche. Co-signatory of a call by the 'Friends' Circle Freedom for Germany' ['Freundeskreis Freiheit für Deutschland'] that demanded an end to the 'blackmail' of the German people with the Holocaust and called for a re-payment of the monies paid in reparations because the existence of the gas chambers had been called into question by German and foreign academics. The organisation was banned by the Interior Minister of Nordrhein-Westfälen in August 1993. Dill would also seem to have contacts to the 'Friends' Circle A Heart for Germany' ['Freundeskreis ein Herz für Deutschland'] that in turn worked closely with the 'Homeland-Loyal Organisation Germany' ['Heimattreuen Vereinigung Deutschlands'] - itself banned in July 1993. In 1993 Dill's premises were raided and after quantities of NS propaganda material were seized he was given to a 10-month suspended sentence for incitement of the people.

Felderer, Ditlieb: Swedish IHR activist, author in 1978 of 'Anne Frank's Diary - a Fraud', and witness at Ernst Zündel's 1985-1986 trial in Canada. Successfully sued by Holocaust survivor Mel Mermelstein in 1986 for attacking him personally in Felderer's Jewish Information Bulletin. In 1993 Felderer sent anti-Semitic letters to Berlin politicians and in 1994 was arrested and imprisoned in Sweden for his activities.

Franke-Gricksch, Ekkehard: Editor-in-chief of the monthly CODE ['Conföderation organisch denkender Europäer' - 'Confederation of Organic Thinking Europeans'] and head of the publisher's 'Diagnosen-Verlag'. CODE supported Zündel's denialist efforts in the 1990s and is closely tied to the RWE paper The Spotlight in the USA and the IHR's The Journal of Historical Review. Despite its own claims to the contrary CODE is marked by the tendentious attempts to portray the Holocaust as Jewish propaganda.

Goerth, Christa: Former member of the ANS/NA, and a faithful Kühnen follower. Long-time chair person of the 'Aid Organisation for National Prisoners' ['Hilfsorganisation für Nationale Gefangene' - HNG]. Under her direction the HNG, originally founded in 1979 to offer RWE prisoners financial and ideological support, came increasingly under the influence of Kühnen supporters.

Harder, Ulrich: Hamburg NPD chairman and leader of the 'Hamburg List for a Freeze on Foreigners' ['Hamburger Liste für Ausländerstopp' - HLA].

Haverbeck, Prof. Werner Georg: A central figure in the right-wing ecology spectrum for over 30 years. With the founding of the Collegium Humanum Haverbeck created one of the most important junctions for the ideological and logistical development of extreme right ecology and pagan thought in Germany.

Hess, Gerald: Long-time friend of Kühnen's and functionary in the GdNF who committed suicide in 1991.

Hess, Rüdiger: Son of Rudolf Hess and chairman of the 1989 founded 'Rudolf-Hess Society' ['Rudolf-Hess-Gesellschaft'], in turn a successor to the 'Relief Community "Freedom for Rudolf Hess' ['Hilfsgemeinschaft "Freiheit für Rudolf Hess"']. The society held seminars on the life of Rudolf Hess and was a co-organiser of the annual neo-Nazi Rudolf-Hess Memorial March.

Höffkes, Karl: Until 1983 Höffkes worked in circles around the 'Association of Homeland-Loyal Youth' ['Bund Heimattreue Jugend'] and the publisher's 'Arndt-Verlag'. Since 1987 part owner of the publisher's 'Verlag Heitz and Höffkes'. The company published (amongst others) titles by Hajo Hermann and the last Reich Youth Leader Arthur Axmann. In his own writings Höffkes is described as 'national revolutionary' with a tendency to glorification of NS.

Honsik, Gerd: Numerous convictions in Austria and Germany for his actions and publications, particularly his 1988 book Acquittal for Hitler? 36 unheard Witnesses versus the Gas Chamber [Freispruch für Hitler? 36 ungehörte Zeugen wider die Gaskammer] and NS re-activation. In 1992 Honsik fled to Spain.

Kabus, Thilo: Former NPD functionary and activist in the Nationals.

Knecht, Daniel: Alongside Althans and Wiesel an important exponent of the 'Frendeskreis Ernst Zündel'.

Küssel, Gottfried Michael: Member of the NSDAP/AO since 1977. Founder of the Austrian VAPO in 1986 and named 'Bereichsleiter Ostmark' [the NS title for Austria] by Kühnen in 1987. In 1990, following Kühnen's arrest, Küssel took over the organisation for the DA party congress in Cottbus. A leading activist in both the German and Austrian neo-Nazi scenes. Arrested in Vienna in 1993 and sentenced in the first instance to ten year's imprisonment for NS re-activity.

Munier, Dietmar: In the 1970s Munier was active in the JN and a leading member of the 'Association of People-Loyal Youth' ['Bund volkstreue Jugend']. In 1973 Munier grounded the publisher's 'Sturmwind-verlag' in the former premises of Christophersen's 'Nordwind-Verlag' in Kiel. In 1980 he joined the publisher's 'Arndt-Verlag', where in 1983 he replaced Höffkes as head. Munier's titles and activities in the 1990s have been above all revanchist, concentrating on attempts to 're-Germanise' eastern Europe.

Niemann, Stephan A.: Together with Althans, Knecht, and Wiesel one of the most prominent members of the 'Freundeskreis Ernst Zündel'. Niemann was manager of the AVÖ's offices in Munich until he and Althans fell out. Niemann's signature appeared on a propaganda statement of the 'Supporters' Circle Free Germany' ['Förderkreis Freies Deutschland'] that grew out of the Cologne/Bonn neo-Nazi scene in October 1992.

Ochsenberger, Walter: Activist in the Austrian NPD and founder of the banned 'Bund volkstreue Jugend'. Various trials for NS re-activity and flight in 1992. Arrested in 1993 trying to cross from Lithuania to Germany and handed over to the Austrian authorities.

Philipp, Karl: NPD functionary in the 1970s and 1980s. In 1990 he received a fine of DM 3,600 for incitement of the people and defamation. He is author in numerous neo-Nazi newspapers such as Die Bauernschaft and editor of his own press service that informs about denialist activities and trials. Philipp is part of the international denialist network, albeit less spectacular in his public appearance than Althans or Remer. He worked closely with Ahmed Rami of Radio Islam in Stockholm and his press service serves other RWE groups.

Rade, Reinhard: In 1990 GDR co-ordinator of the Republicans and their election organiser in Saxony. His militancy led to his expulsion from the party in the same year. In 1993 it became known that he was owner of Althans's AVÖ premises. Some time in 1993 Rade offered the Austrian Hans Jörg Schimanek lodgings at a time when Schimanek was sought by Austrian police in connection with a letter-bomb attack. Rade's mercenary activities in for example Croatia gave him contact to militant RWEs and neo-Nazis.

Reinthaler, Güther: 'Gauleiter Salzburg' and a leading figure in the VAPO. Reinthaler belonged to the so-called 'Citizens' Initiative Flat Renovation' ['Bürgerinitiative Wohnraumsanierung' - WOSAN] a substructure of the NA involved in organising the Weitlingstraße 122 in Berlin. Reinthaler took part in a NSDAP/AO meeting in July 1990 in Christophersen's exile of Kollund in Denmark, attended amongst others by Kühnen, Christian and Ursula Worch, Gottfried Küssel, and Gary Lauck.

Reisz, Heinz: Leader of a GdNF splinter group 'German Hessen' ['Deutsches Hessen'] made up of Kühnen faithfuls who split from the DA in 1991 over their dissatisfaction with the leadership of Frank Hübner. German Hessen had close contacts to the NL and the FAP. Reisz held the memorial speech for neo-Nazi martyr Rainer Sonntag in Dresden.

Remer, Ernst Otto: Commander of the Berlin Watch Regiment 'Groß Deutschland' that was critical in crushing the attempted revolt against Hitler on 20 July 1944. After the war Remer was a founding member and deputy leader of the 1952 banned SRP. From 1983 - 1989 Remer was founder and chairman of the neo-Nazi German Freedom Movement' ['Deutsche Freiheitsbewegung']. In the 1980s and 1990s Remer cultivated contacts in German and international revisionist and denialist circles. From 1991 to 1994 he was editor of his own Remer-Depesche. Following a series of judgements and appeals for incitement to racial hatred and spreading the Auschwitz lie from 1991 - 1993, resulting ultimately in a 22-month prison sentence, Remer fled to Spain in 1994. Remer's role as a Third-Reich war hero, his RWE activities after the war, and his propagation of Holocaust denial since the 1980s make him one of the most widely admired figures in the RWE spectrum, with wide contacts to all strands of RWE at home and abroad.

Rieger, Jürgen: RWE lawyer and member of the NF. As early as 1977 Rieger was a member of the 'Nordic Ring' ['Nordische Ring'] and responsible for the quarterly Nordic Future [Nordische Zukunft]. The paper published original texts from the Third Reich and extolled racial teachings and the virtues of the Waffen-SS. The 'Nordische Ring' propagated race as a law of nature. Rieger has connections to the IHR and is chairman of the esoteric 'Society for biological Anthropology, Eugenics, and Behavioural Research' ['Gesellschaft für biologische Anthropologie, Eugenik und Verhaltensforschung'] that likewise strives for a rehabilitation of racial teachings. Rieger's public engagement in the neo-Nazi scene led many members to shrink from active work for their cause.

Riehs, Otto: Prominent member of the DA splinter group 'German Hessen' ['Deutsches Hessen'] who spoke on the same platform as Gottfried Küssel, Thomas Dienel, and Irving in Halle in 1991.

Roeder, Manfred: In 1974 Roeder worked for Christophersen's Die Bauernschaft. He, Erwin Schönborn, and Christophersen were Kühnen's mentors. In 1977 Roeder was found guilty of disrupting a school performance of a re-worked Nazi propaganda piece, resisting arrest, and intentional bodily harm. In 1978 he fled to Switzerland and Austria. In 1979 he wrote a forward to Christophersen's Die Auschwitz-Lüge. In 1980 his 'German Action Group' ['Deutsche Aktionsgruppe'] undertook various bombing attacks and in the same year he was arrested and imprisoned in Germany. In the 1990s Roeder moved in revisionist and denialist circles.

Rudel, Hans-Ulrich: Most highly decorated German Luftwaffe hero during the war. After the war active in RWE groups and parties in the 1950s. By the 1970s a symbolic figure for neo-Nazis and 'old' RWEs alike.

Rudolf, Germar [later Scheerer, Germar]: A diploma chemist at the Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart. In 1991 Rudolf agreed to write an expert witness's report for the lawyer Hajo Hermann on the formation and delectability of cyanide compounds in the Auschwitz gas chambers. The report was to have been presented in defence of Otto Ernst Remer. In 1993 Rudolf was dismissed from the Max-Planck Institute. In the same year Rudolf's report was offered for sale by the English 'Cromwell Press'. In 1995 Rudolf was found guilty of incitement to racial hatred and incitement of the people. In 1996 Rudolf fled to Spain.

Schaller, Dr. Herbert: Defence lawyer to Walter Ochsenberger and Gerd Honsik. Schaller is a speaker at NF meetings and congresses.

Schönborn, Ewald: Founder in 1952 of the 'Working Community Nation Europe' ['Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nation Europa']. Later mentor to Michael Kühnen.

Schönborn, Meinolf: Leader and general secretary of the NF cadre party until 1992, when a faction under Andreas Pohl distanced themselves from him and founded the 'Social Revolutionary Workers' Front' ['Sozialrevolutionäre Arbeitsfront' - SrA]. Schönborn had called on NF members to set up 'National Task Forces' ['Nationalen Einsatzkommandos' - NEKs] following the examples of the notorious Freikorps in the early Weimar Republic. Schönborn was financially involved in the publisher's 'Klartext-Verlag' that published catalogues offering Nazi devotional objects, anti-Semitic stickers, and literature for military training. The NF cadre had close contacts in Germany to (amongst others) the NL in Hamburg, the Republicans, the 'German League for People and Homeland' ['Deutsche Liga für Volk und Heimat'] and abroad to the Ku Klux Klan.

Schönhuber, Franz: In 1942 Schönhuber joined the Waffen-SS, where he initially served with the 'Leibestandarte Adolf Hitler'. In 1981 heavy protests over his book I was there [Ich war dabei], that played down the crimes of the SS, led to his dismissal from Bavarian State television. From 1985 to 1994 he was leader of the Republicans where his mixture of right-wing populism, racial resentment, anti-Semitic allusions, and nationalism ('Germany first') made him a figurehead. A 1994 meeting with the DVU's Dr. Gerhard Frey resulted in his being voted out of office.

Schröcke, Prof. Helmut: Co-signatory in 1982 of the 'Heidelberg Manifesto' that expressed the fears of a group of Professors of a 'over-foreignisation' ['Uberfrembung'] of the German people.

Schwerdt, Frank: Former CDU member, area chairman of the Republicans, and chairman of the DL in Berlin-Brandenburg. 1992 treasurer of the Nationals.

Siegerist, Werner Joachim: A journalist, in 1986 Siegerist became chairman of the German Conservatives, a group on the right-wing fringes of the CDU and the Bavarian Christian Social Union. In June 1993 Siegerist campaigned in Latvia during the national elections for the Latvian Movement for National Independence, and seemed poised to take a government post. His statements and opinions in the Conservatives' circulars have incurred various court charges.

Stäglich, Wilhelm: Previous to 1945 Stäglich was part of a flak battery stationed for several months in Auschwitz. In 1972 Stäglich was a member of the Hamburg NPD. In 1974 he was subject to disciplinary proceedings for a publication in a RWE newspaper and in 1975 was retired from his job as a judge. In 1980 his book The Auschwitz Myth. Legends and Reality? [Der Auschwitz-Mythos. Legende und Wirklichkeit? (Grabert-Verlag, Tübingen, 1979)] was seized by the authorities. In 1987 he was stripped of his doctorate at the University of Göttingen. Stäglich has been a member of the Editorial Advisory Committee of the Institute for Historical Review's Journal of Historical Review and has contacts to both Althans and Christophersen.

Storr, Andreas: Former NPD member and press spokesman for the Nationals.

Sudholt, Dr. Gert: In 1970 an NPD functionary, Sudholt took over the running of the publisher's 'Druffel-Verlag' in 1972 and became chairman of the GfP in 1973. Since 1990 editor of the German Monthly [Deutsche Monatshefte]. In the same year he was fined for publishing an article by Robert Faurisson, a punishment increased to DM 10,000 and 6-months imprisonment in 1993. Sudholt belongs to the functionaries of the 1970s who increasingly replaced the 'old Nazi' generation in RWE. Following his revisionist activities in the early 1990s Sudholt turned to themes of Prussian traditions.

Swierczek, Michael: Former member of the JN's federal executive. A guitarist in a skinhead band during the 1980s Swierczek was a member of Kühnen's ANS/NA, where he lead the 'Comradeship 18' ['Kameradschaft 18'] in Munich. After the ban on the ANS/NA in 1984 he founded the south-German chapter of the KAH. He was editor of the New Front [Neue Front], paper of the GdNF splinter around Jürgen Mösler. In 1986 Swierczek was co-signatory to the 'Anti-Homosexual Manifesto' against Kühnen that led to the splitting of the GdNF. In 1989 he became deputy general secretary of the FAP and editor of its paper. In 1990 he left the party and founded the NO that was banned in December 1992. In March 1995 Swierczek received a suspended sentence for attempts to continue the ANS/NA through the FAP and the KAH. Swierczek is considered one of the most important functionaries in the militant neo-Nazi scene.

Tonningen, Florentine Rost von: Wife of the Dutch Reichsbank president during the German occupation, von Tonningen later played an active role in revisionist and RWE circles in Holland, Germany, and America, where she enjoys something of a cult status.

Walendy, Udo: In 1963 Walendy founded the 'Publisher's for Research into National Customs and Contemporary History' ['Verlag für Volkstum- und Zeitgeschichtsforschung'] in Vlotho. In 1964 he was a candidate for the NPD and member of the NPD executive. In 1979 appeared as a speaker at the first IHR revisionist conference and in 1986 joined the 'Editorial Advisory Committee' of The Journal of Historical Review. Walendy was the publisher in Germany of Arthur C. Butz's Hoax of the Twentieth Century and Richard Harwood's Did Six Million Really Die? He also assumed publication of Christophersen's Die Auschwitz-Lüge from the 'Kritik-Verlag'. As well as his own books from 1975 Walendy edited his journal Historische Tatsachen. In 1996 Walendy was sentenced for defamation of the memory of the dead and incitement of the people.

Wendt, Christian: Regional press speaker for the FAP in Berlin-Brandenburg in 1990. Wendt later became chief journalist in the Nationals' newspaper the Berlin-Brandenburger Zeitung.

Wickert, Ingrid: Leader of a GdNF group 'Action Protection of Life' ['Aktion Lebensschutz']. The group used ecological and biological ideas to propagate a form of racial purity or racial protection for white Aryans.

Wiesel, Stephan: Together with Althans, Knecht, and Niemann, one of the most prominent members of the 'Freundeskreis Ernst Zündel'.

Witte, Dr. Bernd: Former area chairman of the right-wing conservative 'German Social Union' ['Deutsche Soziale Union' - DSU] and later member of the Republicans with close personal contacts to the 'German League for People and Homeland' ['Deutsche Liga für Volk und Heimat' - DL]. In 1991 chairman of the Nationals, an election body originally founded in Berlin-Lichtenberg under the title 'Wählergemeinschaft "Wir sind das Volk!" - an earlier attempt to unite such disparate entities as the DSU with the neo-Nazi NA. The Nationals' program was extremely nationalistic, racist, and marked by an militant hatred of foreigners. Stated aim was to re-inculcate German youth with a 'national historical consciousness', i.e. to free them from the Allied 'Victors mentality'.

Worch, Christian: Worch began his neo-Nazi activities in 1974 when he founded the ANS in Hamburg together with Kühnen. In 1980 Worch received a 3-year prison sentence for various political crimes. After the ban on the ANS/NA Worch became a leading member of the GdNF and helped run its newspapers. From 1989 to 1995 he was one of the key organisers of the annual Rudolf-Hess Memorial March. In 1990 he took part in a meeting of the NSDAP/AO in Kollund, Denmark. After Kühnen's death Worch belonged to the leaders of the GdNF, and from 1993 was deputy chairman of the NL. In November 1994 Worch received a 2-year sentence for contravening the ban on the ANS/NA. Worch is amongst the most experienced and prominent functionaries of the neo-Nazi scene in Germany, and since Kühnen's death took on a role as a national co-ordinator for GdNF marches and meetings.

Wulff, Thomas ("Steiner"): Former deputy regional chairman of the FAP and founding member in March 1989 of the Hamburg NL. Wulff was involved in grounding the NL in east Germany in 19

==

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual?f[0]=field_ideology%3A174

David Irving

But since the 1980s, he has cultivated a reputation as the world's most prominent Holocaust denier, a status he cemented by suing Penguin Books and American scholar Deborah Lipstadt for libel in 2000 after Lipstadt wrote that he was a denier and a pro-Nazi ideologue. In a dramatic judgment, Irving...

Ernst Zundel

By then a non-citizen resident of Canada (he moved there in 1958), Zundel's repeated attempts at gaining citizenship in Canada were denied as he was decried by both the Canadian and German governments for his incitement of racial hatred. After several Canadian court battles over the contents of the...

Mark Weber

He also served as the editor of IHR's now-defunct Journal of Historical Review from 1992 to 2000 and remains the organization's leading spokesperson, giving speeches and radio interviews to promote IHR's anti-Semitic propaganda. Weber shocked his denial colleagues in early 2009, when he published...

Willis Carto

Although at one time he had access to leading politicians, Carto eventually became infamous for his pro-Nazi and rabidly anti-Jewish views and lost those connections. In 1978, he founded the first major American Holocaust-denial outfit, the Institute for Historical Review . Throughout his career,...

Mark Weber

He also served as the editor of IHR's now-defunct Journal of Historical Reviewfrom 1992 to 2000 and remains the organization's leading spokesperson, giving speeches and radio interviews to promote IHR's anti-Semitic propaganda. Weber shocked his denial colleagues in early 2009, when he published an essay suggesting that Holocaust denial had become counterproductive and that the real struggle should be directed against "Jewish-Zionist power."

In His Own Words

"Around the world awareness is growing that the ‘Holocaust' campaign is a major weapon in the Jewish-Zionist arsenal, that it is used to justify otherwise unjustifiable Israeli policies, and as a powerful tool for blackmailing enormous sums of money from Americans and Europeans."

— "An Open Letter to Fourteen Arab Intellectuals," 2001

"The most direct and obvious victims of Jewish-Zionist power are, of course, the Palestinians who live under Israel's harsh rule. But as the IHR has made clear for years, in truth weAmericans are also victims — through the Jewish-Zionist grip on the media, and the organized Jewish-Zionist corruption of our political system."

— Speech at an Institute for Historical Review meeting in Arlington, Va., 2002

"[W]hat is happening is a worldwide conflict now, a global conflict that involves all of humanity. … [W]hether you are a conservative or a liberal, whether your primary loyalties are to your religion, to your ethnic group, to your country, to your heritage in whatever form, you will come up inevitably against this great Jewish Zionist power. … [W]hat we are involved in, is a global struggle … for the interests of us all and the interests of humanity."

— Speech at a Holocaust denial rally, April 24, 2004

"[D]espite a discouraging record of achievement, some revisionists insist that their work is vitally important because success in exposing the Holocaust as a hoax will deliver a shattering blow to Israel and Jewish-Zionist power. … In the real world struggle against Jewish-Zionist power, Holocaust revisionism has proved to be as much a hindrance as a help."

— "How Relevant is Holocaust Revisionism?", Jan. 7, 2009

Background

Born in Portland, Ore., and equipped with a master's degree in history from Indiana University, Mark Weber first appeared on the radical right in 1978, when he became news editor of National Vanguard, a publication of the National Alliance, which later evolved into one of the most important neo-Nazi groups in America. But while he remained connected to the Alliance for years, Weber was by 1979 already writing articles for The Spotlight, an anti-Semitic tabloid started by Willis Carto, and other Carto publications. In these articles, Weber referred to the Holocaust's Jewish "mythmakers," attacked the credibility of Anne Frank's diary, claimed the Allies used torture to extract false stories about extermination camps, and suggested that the testimony of victims of the Holocaust was unreliable at best.

"The Holocaust hoax is a religion," Weber wrote in 1989, according to the Anti-Defamation League. "[T]he rise of religions such as this generally coincides with the decline and fall of nations which tolerate them." The same year, he said he didn't believe that it was possible for black people to assimilate into American society.

In the mid-1980s, even though he was working closely with Carto, Weber remained a part of the Alliance and was listed as the treasurer of its Cosmotheist Church, which was an attempt by the basically atheistic group to win tax-exempt status. This is surprising because Carto and Alliance leader William Pierce had been bitter enemies since 1970, when they split as they worked to reconfigure the old Youth for Wallace group as the National Youth Alliance (which Pierce would officially rename the National Alliance four years later). Nevertheless, it was in this same period in the mid-1980s that Weber began taking a leading role at Carto's Institute for Historical Review (IHR). In 1984, Weber began leading the group's annual conferences. (These gatherings typically were highlighted by a "mystery guest," who in 1987 was Maj. Gen. Otto Ernst Remer, the unrepentant Nazi who helped crush a 1944 bomb plot against Hitler.) In 1985, Weber joined the IHR's editorial advisory committee and, in 1992, he took over as editor of IHR's Journal of Historical Review, work he did until 2000.

In 1993, with Weber's support, the IHR board ousted Carto as its leader, accusing him of interfering in editorial decisions. The next May, Carto and his wife tried to retake IHR by occupying its California offices, a situation that led to fistfights and, ultimately, Carto being forcibly removed from the building. At around the same time, another dispute between IHR and Carto broke out, with IHR leaders accusing Carto of diverting some $10 million that was allegedly left to IHR's parent company, the Legion for the Survival of Freedom.

During the decade of complex litigation that followed, Carto's Spotlight characterized Weber as a "rat," a "cockroach" and a "devil," but in the end Weber's side basically won. The Spotlight was shut down as a result of the litigation, although it was rapidly replaced with the look-alike American Free Press. Carto also created The Barnes Review, a Holocaust denial journal that now competes directly with IHR.

While Weber and IHR won their lawsuits, the fight with Carto proved to be a great distraction for the organization. It failed to maintain regular publication of its bimonthly Journal of Historical Review (no issues were published between April 1996 and May 1997) and it was unable to hold any conferences between 1994 and 2000. IHR did manage to put on a major conference in 2000, with David Irving, Ernst Zündel, and other notable Holocaust deniers in attendance, but a planned conference on "Revisionism and Zionism" in Beirut, Lebanon, in 2001, was cancelled after authorities banned it. The Lebanese decision followed international criticism of the planned conference.

Since then, Weber's IHR has continued to decline. By 2003, it stopped publishing the Journal of Historical Review and limited its conferences to mostly small, one-day affairs with speeches by Weber or other IHR staffers. In 2004, Weber did plan on attending a two-day Holocaust denial conference in Sacramento, Calif., but at the last minute, the venue refused to host the event, forcing Weber to join with representatives of the neo-Nazi National Alliance in a makeshift gathering at another location. In his keynote address, Weber went on an anti-Semitic rant, warning that all of humanity is involved in "a global struggle" against "Jewish-Zionist power."

More recently, Weber has sought publicity on James Edwards' extremist radio talk show, "The Political Cesspool," whose other guests have included Gordon Baum, head of the white supremacist Council of Conservative Citizens and former Klan leader and neo-Nazi David Duke. IHR also runs ads on the Cesspool.

In January 2009, Weber threw the world of Holocaust denial into turmoil with the publication of an essay asking "How Relevant Is Holocaust Revisionism?" Weber's conclusion, shocking to his colleagues on the radical right, was not very — that those on the radical right would do better to struggle against the real enemy, "Jewish-Zionist power," than on a historical debate about the Holocaust that they were largely losing. The essay set off acrimonious attacks on Weber by many of his former friends and colleagues, but hardly reflected a move by Weber to the political center. Within months of publishing the essay, he was recirculating ancient anti-Semitic conspiracy theories, complaining about those "who control political and cultural life, including the education system and the mass media." From the looks of his audience, Weber had replaced his old suit-and-tie denialist friends with hard-core anti-Semites, including open neo-Nazis and heavily tattooed racist skinheads. What this means for Holocaust denial remains an open question.

==

David Irving

But since the 1980s, he has cultivated a reputation as the world's most prominent Holocaust denier, a status he cemented by suing Penguin Books and American scholar Deborah Lipstadt for libel in 2000 after Lipstadt wrote that he was a denier and a pro-Nazi ideologue. In a dramatic judgment, Irving lost his case and most of the considerable amount of money he made over the years selling his books. That, and his 2006 stint in an Austrian prison for denying the existence of gas chambers at Auschwitz, have made Irving a hero in extremist circles. Any reputation he once had as a real "historian" has been wrecked.

In His Own Words

"I don't think there was any overall Reich policy to kill the Jews. If there was, they would have been killed and there would not be now so many millions of survivors. And believe me, I am glad for every survivor that there was."

— 1988 comment disputing the Final Solution

"Until the end of this tragic century there will always be incorrigible historians, statesmen, and publicists who are content to believe, or have no economically viable alternative but to believe, that the Nazis used ‘gas chambers' at Auschwitz to kill human beings. But it is now up to them to explain to me as an intelligent and critical student of modern history why there is no significant trace of any cyanide compound in the building which they have always identified as the former gas chambers."

— 1989 comment questioning the gas chambers

"I'm going to form an association of Auschwitz Survivors, Survivors of the Holocaust and Other Liars — or the ASSHOLs."

— 1991 speech to a Canadian audience

"I inevitably investigated the extent to which Hitler participated in or had cognizance of the Holocaust. … To my utmost distaste it has become evident that it is no longer possible to write pure history, untrammeled and uninfluenced by politics, once one ventures into this unpleasant field."

— 2000 statement in libel trial against Penguin Books and Deborah Lipstadt

:{Criminal History

In 1989, Austrian authorities issued a warrant for the arrest of Irving, who denied the existence of gas chambers at Auschwitz in two speeches to radical groups. Irving had left the country by the time the warrants were issued. In 1992, a German court found Irving guilty of Holocaust denial under the Auschwitzlüge (Auschwitz lie/Holocaust denial) section of the law against Volksverhetzung (stirring up the populace through hatemongering). Irving was subsequently barred from entering Germany. The same year, he was barred from entering Australia due to his Holocaust denial activities. In 1994, Irving served 10 days of a three-month sentence at London's Petonville prison for contempt of court. Six years later, in 2004, Irving was barred from entering New Zealand due to his Holocaust denial activities. }:The next year, he was jailed in Austria on the 1989 warrant for trivializing the Holocaust in two speeches after he illegally sneaked into the country to give yet another speech. He subsequently pleaded guilty to the 1989 charges and was sentenced to three years in prison. That sentence was reduced on appeal in 2006 to time served (13 months) and Irving was deported to the United Kingdom.

Background

David Irving grew up in Essex County, England, in what he described as "very reduced circumstances." His father, a commander in the Royal Navy and author of several books concerning naval history and life, separated from his mother when Irving was a small child. According to a description of his personal background that he wrote for his lawyer in 1969, Irving was proud of his family's service history, stating that a photo of his father reviewing the troops with King George VI (1895-1952) was one of his most prized possessions.

Though Irving never earned a degree, he took courses at Imperial College in London and cut his teeth as a journalist editing Phoenix, the college magazine. He then moved on to The Carnival Times, the London University newspaper, where he began to gainnotoriety for his highly conservative views on apartheid in South Africa, and for an accusation that the British press was owned and operated by Jews.

In 1963, at the age of 25, Irving published The Destruction of Dresden, which dealt with the Allied bombing raids on the German city and was written at a time when British interest in the raids was high. The book gained Irving a reputation as a World War II historian and became an international bestseller, even though Irving's figures for the death toll — 100,000-250,000 on first printing, adjusted down to 50,000-100,000 in later versions — were widely questioned.It was later revealed in court that Irving had based his figures on the word of Dresden's Deputy Chief Medical Officer, who himself said that he was just repeating rumors.

Irving has written some 30 books on World War II, most of which tell the German side of the war. His most famous and most controversial book is Hitler's War (1977), a two-part biography describing the war from Hitler's point of view. The book was controversial primarily because Irving claimed that Hitler had no knowledge of the Holocaust. (The book did tacitly admit that the Holocaust had actually occurred, a position Irving would later repudiate.)

Though leading World War II historians such as John Keegan and Hugh Trevor-Roper praised the book (aside from its claim of Hitler's ignorance of the Holocaust), others began to view Irving as a "creative historian" and to question his methods. In response to his subsequent book, The Trail of the Fox, a biography of German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, British historian David Pryce-Jones accused Irving of blindly accepting anything Hitler had to say, while applying the strictest standards of suspicion to other sources, notably those with a pro-Allied slant.

Though Irving's later works were received with increasing criticism and skepticism by established historians, he still enjoyed considerable financial success in the late 1970s and early 1980s, even taking a flat in London's prestigious Mayfair district and driving a Rolls-Royce. He began to tackle with less success subjects other than the Third Reich, such as a biography of Winston Churchill that essentially painted Churchill as a reckless warmonger, and Uprising!, a book that portrayed the 1956 Hungarian revolt as "primarily anti-Jewish." Irving's increasingly obvious anti-Semitism drew more and more scrutiny of the validity of his work, with the result that he was progressively isolated from the academic historical community.

In 1983, Irving played a major role in the "Hitler Diaries" controversy. Initially, he claimed that the supposed diaries were forgeries and crashed the press conference held by Der Stern magazine to publicize them. But a week later, Irving reversed his position. (Many believe he changed his view because the alleged diaries contained no mention of the Holocaust, thus buttressing Irving's argument in Hitler's War.) Later, when the diaries were definitively shown to be fakes, Irving described himself as vindicated, although many pointed out that he had only briefly held that position. The entire affair further damaged Irving's credibility as any kind of scholar.

That may have helped push Irving toward explicitly radical-right groups. During the same year as the diaries controversy, Irving began to speak at meetings of the Deutsche Volksunion (DVU), a party classified as "right-wing extremist" by West Germany's Office for the Protection of the Constitution. Also in 1983, Irving gave a talk in Los Angeles for the Institute for Historical Review (IHR), a group dedicated to disproving the Holocaust. At the time, Irving maintained that there were liquidations of Jews and other minorities conducted by high-ranking Nazi officers, but that these executions were carried out without Hitler's knowledge or consent. This drew a challenge from Robert Faurisson, a prominent French Holocaust denier and IHR member who rejected Irving's claims about Hitler's non-involvement, instead claiming that no Holocaust ever took place. Faurisson did not convince Irving, whose own epiphany, "realizing" there was no Holocaust, came later, during the 1988 trial of Ernst Zundel, a Canadian resident and key Holocaust denier. Zundel had relied on a 1988 report issued by self-styled engineer Fred A. Leuchter Jr., who claimed to have personally discovered there was no cyanide residue on the walls of Auschwitz's alleged gas chambers. Though Leuchter was discredited almost immediately, Irving, too, still cites his report as what changed his mind about the reality of the Holocaust. "That's what converted me," said Irving. "When I read that report in the courtroom of Toronto, I became a hardcore disbeliever."

Irving has denied that racism or anti-Semitism forms the basis of his views. But his own history does not support that claim. During the early 1990s, Irving began to associate with the neo-Nazi American group the National Alliance, which sponsored seven Irving lectures between 1995 to 1998. Irving also began to refer to Jews as "Shylocks" during this period, a nod to Shakespeare's unflattering portrayal of a Jewish moneylender in The Merchant of Venice. In 1992, Irving publicly took exception to the British Broadcasting Corp.'s use of a black man to read the radio news. And, as became public during his later libel suit against Lipstadt, in 1994 Irving composed a revealing ditty for his infant daughter: "I am a baby Aryan, not Jewish or sectarian," Irving's song, recorded in his private diaries, began. "I have no plans to marry an, ape or Rastafarian." His predilection for nannies with a certain type of breast also came to light during the trial.

It was around this time that Irving began to run into trouble with European laws against denying or trivializing the Holocaust. In 1989, a warrant was issued for his arrest by Austrian authorities after he gave two speeches in that country denying the existence of gas chambers at Auschwitz. In 1992, Irving was fined several thousand dollars by the German government for denying the Holocaust, and was banned from entering Germany the following year. Today, Irving is also persona non grata in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and, most recently, Austria.

Irving's most famous legal battle came when he sued Penguin Books and American scholar Deborah Lipstadt over Lipstadt's portrayal of him in her 1994 bookDenying the Holocaust: The Growing Assault on Truth and Memory. Irving brought the suit against the British division of Penguin once the book was circulated in that country because British common law states that in a libel suit, the burden of proof rests with the defendant rather than the plaintiff (American libel law shifts the burden of proof to the plaintiff and is far easier on writers' unintentional reporting errors). Still, the London judge sided with Penguin and Lipstadt, roundly denouncing Irving in his judgment and ordering him to pay Lipstadt's court costs — an estimated $5 million. The judge concluded that Irving "displays a distinctly pro-Nazi and anti-Jewish bias" and went on to call him"an active Holocaust denier" who "deliberately misrepresented and manipulated historical evidence." Ultimately, the trial had the effect of wiping out Irving's dwindling finances and battering his credibility.

In 2005, Irving was arrested in Austria, where he had traveled secretly to give a speech to a radical group, on the 1989 warrant. He pleaded guilty and told the court that he had changed his views of the Holocaust, and was sentenced to three years in prison. That sentence was later reduced to time served, and he was deported to Britain (where he immediately announced that he hadn't, in fact, changed his views on the war). Since then, Irving reportedly has lectured in Hungary and attended a far-right nationalist rally there on March 15, 2007. He still distributes his now-discredited writings through his own publishing house, run through his website.

In 2009, Irving reportedly made one of his weirdest announcements yet. He declared that, "Hitler appointed me his biographer." Irving toldThe Independent(U.K) that he discovered this while working on a biography of Adolf Hitler.

"I made a great point of tracking down all Hitler's surviving doctors," he told the paper, "and I identified Erwin Giesing as the doctor who treated Hitler after the bomb attempt on his life in 1944." Irving said Giesing was living in Aachen, West German, in the 1970s. Irving claimed that when he called him, Giesing replied, "I've been expecting you." Giesing then told Irving that Hitler had told him, "One day, an Englishman will come along and write my biography. But it cannot be an English man of the present generation. They won't to be objective. It will have to be an Englishman of the next generation, and one who is totally familiar with all the German archives."

In late 2009, Wikileaks published a series of Irving’s private E-mails, including a series of exchanges between himself and a then-24-year-old blonde woman who was described as his assistant. Jaenelle Antas, a college graduate from Minnesota who liked to post on racist forums, lit into Irving for being “snotty, rude and disrespectful toward me” and complaining about his “unhelpful and hostile messages.” He wrote her nasty notes in return, but then softened his tone, calling her “so efficient and beautiful” and asking her to “work your magic” on his clients and also on him.

Over the years, Irving has toured European countries and the United States, giving lectures defending Hitler and National Socialism. Although he is now barred from a whole series of countries, he has continued to give speaking tours — for which he charges hefty sums — in the United States. In 2013, for instance, he embarked on a 27-city tour, starting in Melbourne, Fla., and ending in Atlanta, a fairly typical schedule for him in recent years. In 2015, Irving also had a series of lectures planned in the United Kingdom, typically in small, secret venues. And he was also planning a tour that year, starting in Warsaw, Poland, that included a number of former concentration camps and Nazi military sites. And an extended tour to Latvia was planned. Reserving a spot required a $500 deposit.

http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v15/v15n3p23_weber.html

...During the final months of the war, tens of thousands of Jews were evacuated to Belsen from Auschwitz and other eastern camps threatened by the advancing Soviets. Belsen became severely overcrowded as the number of inmates increased from 15,000 in December 1944 to 42,000 at the beginning of March 1945, and more than 50,000 a month later. /6

Many of these Jewish prisoners had chosen to be evacuated westwards with their German captors rather than remain in eastern camps to await liberation by Soviet forces. /7

So catastrophic had conditions become during the final months of the war that about a third of the prisoners evacuated to Belsen in February and March 1945 perished during the journey and were dead on arrival. /8

As order broke down across Europe during those chaotic final months, regular deliveries of food and medicine to the camp stopped. Foraging trucks were sent to scrounge up whatever supplies of bread, potatoes and turnips were available in nearby towns. /9

Epidemic

Disease was kept under control by routinely disinfecting all new arrivals. But in early February 1945 a large transport of Hungarian Jews was admitted while the disinfection facility was out of order. As a result, typhus broke out and quickly spread beyond control. /10

Commandant Josef Kramer quarantined the camp in an effort to save lives, but SS camp administration headquarters in Berlin insisted that Belsen be kept open to receive still more Jewish evacuees arriving from the East. The death rate soon rose to 400 a day. /11

The worst killer was typhus, but typhoid fever and dysentery also claimed many lives. Aggravating the situation was a policy during the final months of transferring already sick inmates from other camps to Belsen, which was then officially designated a sick or convalescence camp (Krankenlager). The sick women of Auschwitz, for example, were transferred to Belsen in three groups in November-December 1944. /12

When SS chief Heinrich Himmler learned of the typhus outbreak at Bergen-Belsen, he immediately issued an order to all appropriate officials requiring that "all medical means necessary to combat the epidemic should be employed ... There can be no question of skimping either with doctors or medical supplies." However, the general breakdown of order that prevailed on Germany by this time made it impossible to implement the command. /13...

--

10-14

  1. Derrick Sington, Belsen Uncovered (London: 1946), pp. 117-118. Quoted in: A. Butz, The Hoax of the Twentieth Century, pp. 34-35; Gerald Reitlinger, The Final Solution (London: Sphere Books, pb., 1971), p. 504 (note).
  2. R. Phillips, ed., Trial of Josef Kramer and Forty-Four Others, pp. 152-153, 166-167, 734, 736; Tom Bower, Blind Eye to Murder (London: Granada, 1983), p. 224; Dr. Ernst von Briesen, "Was passierte in Bergen-Belsen wirklich?," D. National-Zeitung (Munich), Jan. 13, 1984, pp. 4, 5, 8.
  3. G.Reitlinger, The Final Solution, p. 497 (and 638, n. 23).
  4. Andre Biss, A Million Jews to Save (New York: A.S. Barnes, 1975), pp. 242, 249-250; Felix Kersten, The Kersten Memoirs, 1940-1945 (New York: Macmillan, 1957), p. 276.
  5. Martin Gilbert, The Holocaust (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1986), pp. 722, 785-786.

Belsen Brits 14K typhus

http://whale.to/b/holocaust_prop_p.html

https://books.google.com/books?id=GBQchepZ-7EC&pg=PA725&lpg=PA725&dq=When+SS+chief+Heinrich+Himmler++typhus+outbreak+at+Bergen-Belsen&source=bl&ots=3OLjpPjjmh&sig=sQiFLUwbP9ysq0LTtRh4GZanHd0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi_xMCA297SAhWGPiYKHVh8AuQQ6AEIUDAJ#v=onepage&q=When%20SS%20chief%20Heinrich%20Himmler%20%20typhus%20outbreak%20at%20Bergen-Belsen&f=false

p 726 ploy?

Heinrich Himmler: A Life

By Peter Longerich

:{

}:

:{

}:

:{

}:

As head of the SS, chief of police, 'Reichskommissar for the Consolidation of Germanness', and Reich Interior Minister, Heinrich Himmler enjoyed a position of almost unparalleled power and responsibility in Nazi Germany. Perhaps more than any other single Nazi leader aside from Hitler, his name has become a byword for the terror, persecution, and destruction that characterized the Third Reich.

==

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergen-Belsen_concentration_camp

...Current estimates put the number of prisoners who passed through the concentration camp during its period of operation from 1943 to 1945 at around 120,000. Due to the destruction of the camp's files by the SS, not even half of them, around 55,000, are known by name.[10]:269 As mentioned above, treatment of prisoners by the SS varied between individual sections of the camp, with the inmates of the exchange camp generally being better treated than other prisoners, at least initially. However, in October 1943 the SS selected 1,800 men and women from the Sonderlager ("special camp"), Jews from Poland who held passports from Latin American countries. Since the governments of these nations mostly refused to honour the passports, these people had lost their value to the regime. Under the pretext of sending them to a fictitious "Lager Bergau", the SS had them transported to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where they were sent directly to the gas chambers and killed. In February and May 1944 another 350 prisoners from the "special camp" were sent to Auschwitz. Thus, out of the total of 14,600 prisoners in the exchange camp, at least 3,550 died: more than 1,400 of them at Belsen, and around 2,150 at Auschwitz.[10]:187

In the Männerlager (the male section of the "recovery camp"), inmates suffered even more from lack of care, malnourishment, disease and mistreatment by the guards. Thousands of them died. In the summer of 1944, at least 200 men were killed by orders of the SS by being injected with phenol.[10]:196

There were no gas chambers at Bergen-Belsen, since the mass killings took place in the camps further east. Nevertheless, current estimates put the number of deaths at Belsen at more than 50,000 Jews, Czechs, Poles, anti-Nazi Christians, homosexuals, and Roma and Sinti (Gypsies).[7] Among them was Czech painter and writer Josef Čapek (estimated to be in April 1945).

The rate at which inmates died at Belsen accelerated notably after the mass transport of prisoners from other camps began in December 1944. From 1943 to the end of 1944 around 3,100 died. From January to mid-April 1945 this rose to around 35,000. Another 14,000 died after liberation between April 15 and the end of June 1945 (see below).[10]:233...

In spite of massive efforts to help the survivors with food and medical treatment, led by Brigadier Glyn Hughes, Deputy Director of Medical Services of 2nd Army, about another 9,000 died in April, and by the end of June 1945 another 4,000 had died. (After liberation 13,994 people died.)[10]:305

Two specialist teams were dispatched from Britain to deal with the feeding problem. The first, led by Dr A. P. Meiklejohn, included 96 medical student volunteers from London teaching hospitals[23] who were later credited with significantly reducing the death rate amongst prisoners.[24] A research team led by Dr Janet Vaughan was dispatched by the Medical Research Council to test the effectiveness of various feeding regimes.

The British troops and medical staff tried these diets to feed the prisoners, in this order:[25]

Some were too weak to even consume the Bengal Famine Mixture. Intravenous feeding was attempted but abandoned – SS doctors had previously used injections to murder prisoners so some became hysterical at the sight of the intravenous feeding equipmen

==

http://incogman.net/2008/04/too-bad-they-didnt-have-photoshop-back-then/

...This conclusively proves that one of the most famous Zionist Jew holohoax photos was forged by dropping in the skinny Jew (presumed), using darkroom techniques. It was definitely done by embedded Zionist Jews in the US government psy-war operations, or possibly somewhere else in the international, Globalist Jew network.

And this particular photo would have been perfect for image manipulation too, should they have had the original negatives to double expose the paper print under an enlarger, by using amberlith masks (a thin red film used to block light). Fairly easy, even back then without modern day software like Photoshop.*

This is also the exact same shot that the planet’s biggest old Jew millionaire liar, Elie Wiesel, later claimed out of the blue in 1983 to show him as poor little boy in Buchenwald (see below).

Folks, these stinking Jews are HUGE liars. This is potentially the most explosive blow yet to the Zionist Jew brainwashing of America and the West. You should go to Winston Smith’s site (so he gets the traffic, too) and read all the BS he went through to get his hands on the paper issue. A big hat’s off to Mr. Smith, there.

This is hardly the only “holocaust” photo uncovered as fraudulent. No way.

Another recent fraud discovery was the shot supposedly showing evil Nazis at Auschwitz burning bodies. We are told it was “surriptiously” taken from a window by Kapos — a kind of traitor Jew, but still sad sack Jews because the evil Nazis forced them to help kill fellow Jews. Conveniently — for the holocaust narrative — virtually all these “sonderkommando” were supposedly executed, except for just a tiny handful living in Israel who “miraculously survived” the evil Germans to later Jew spew their sorrowful tale to an outraged world.

This photo just happened to show up to answer the fast growing and well-justified doubts about the Nazis even having enough crematoria buildings to handle the gassing of the many thousands of supposed Hungarian Jews per day (upwards of 10,000) during the peak “evil German genocide operations” in the summer of 1944. They had to explain it this way, because the crematoria body math doesn’t work otherwise.†

Well, guess what? The shot is another clever multiple exposure fraud (see below). The main, crucial part was stolen from a newspaper photo showing rescue people at a railroad accident in 1912, taken at a place in Ohio called, ironically enough, Dresden. I think God does crap like this to get our attention.http://incogman.net/2013/02/famous-nyt-holocaust-photo-exposed-as-a-fraud/

http://www.countercontempt.com/archives/category/holocaust-history

2015

bs

Why did PBS censor the most fascinating part of Professor Raul Hilberg’s speech about the Holocaust? What could the “father of Holocaust history” possibly have said to make PBS lop off his big opening anecdote? And what does this say about our fear of the “gray areas” that lurk in all historical fields? Hear the audio for yourself, and read my pithy commentary, in my latest piece at Taki’s Magazine.

--

...

bs

his is the opening part of Hilberg’s speech. On the audio clip, I’ve let it run so that it bleeds over into where PBS chose to begin the remarks.

For those of you too lazy to click on the clip, here’s a transcript of the censored portion:

In 1976, I went to a small town in Bavaria, Ludwigsburg, which has the headquarters for investigations of so-called National Socialist crimes, an office maintained by the provinces of the Federal Republic of Germany. About thirty prosecutors were housed in that particular building, and I went there to study court records, various affidavits, and other materials. But one afternoon, they said, “We’re having a party today, would you join us?” Why, yes. They said, “we have one bottle of wine for each person.” (laughter from the audience). And after a while I chanced to talk to the deputy chief of that office, and I said to him this: I’ve been troubled by one question. And I’m afraid that I went into print with something that isn’t entirely accurate. And that is the role of Adolf Hitler himself in the annihilation of the Jewish people in Europe. Now, I know that you are only concerned here with live individuals, and that you do not investigate the dead.

But still … what do you think?

“Ach,” he said, “we’ve often fantasized about drawing up an indictment against Adolf Hitler himself. And to put into that indictment the major charge: the Final Solution of the Jewish question in Europe, the physical annihilation of Jewry. And then it dawned upon us, what would we do? We didn’t have the evidence.”

And he laughed.

This is not insignificant. Here’s Hilberg, in 1988, speaking of a conversation he had with German war crimes prosecutors in 1976. In-between ’76 and ’88, Hilberg testified against Canadian Holocaust denier Ernst Zundel, who was on trial under Canada’s “false news” law. Let’s be clear—Hilberg was helping the Canadian government put Zundel in prison simply for publishing a pamphlet. And on the stand, Hilberg steadfastly maintained that there was at least one, maybe two, direct orders from Hitler to initiate the “Final Solution.”

We know from Hilberg’s censored PBS comments that as early as 1976 he was very aware of the lack of any direct evidence implicating Hitler, yet on the stand in Toronto in 1985, he didn’t mention what he told the West German prosecutors in ’76 —his fear that he “went into print with something that isn’t entirely accurate” regarding Hitler’s role. Hilberg was asked by Zundel’s attorney a multitude of questions directly pertaining to the accuracy of Hilberg’s book, and the claims he made in it regarding Hitler’s involvement in the Holocaust. Under oath, he defended his “not entirely accurate” material as being completely accurate.

Hilberg perjured himself.

But there is, I would argue, a bigger story here. The story isn’t “Why would Hilberg perjure himself?” (the damn fool shouldn’t have taken part in that show trial to begin with), but rather, “Why would PBS edit out the most fascinating remark in the speech?” That’s what interests me. In a boring-as-toast special featuring overweight people doing tai chi, PBS chose to leave out the one thing that might have sparked a genuinely interesting debate.

I’m asking my question rhetorically, because I know the answer. It’s the “fear of the gray area.” Hilberg’s comment was an admission that, even by the late ’80s, there were still large gaps in our knowledge of the Holocaust. Too many—way too many—mainstream historians and media figures believe that the existence of these “gray areas” must be covered up, lest the gaps and uncertainties open the door to “denial.”

The fear of the gray area is hardly limited to the field of Holocaust history. Every discipline (scientific, medical, historical, etc.) has its gray areas, and every discipline has its outlying groups designated as skeptics or deniers. And in every discipline, far too many professionals feel that the best way to keep out the “fringe” is to suppress the gray areas. Personally, I say embrace them, and let the chips fall where they may.

Yes, broadcasting Hilberg’s opening remarks might have driven a few people to Holocaust denial (or, dare I say, legitimate revisionism), but suppressing those key few minutes not only robbed viewers of some tantalizing food for thought, but it also turned Hilberg’s speech into a crashing bore.

Maybe it was just an attempt to make Maya Angelou’s tai chi look appealing in comparison.

Please share this article by using the link below. When you cut and paste an article, Taki's Magazine misses out on traffic, and our writers don't get paid for their work. Email editors@takimag.com to buy additional rights.

http://takimag.com/article/fear_of_a_gray_planet_david_cole/print#ixzz4bbPvhPoW

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/ernst-zundel

About Ernst Zundel

By then a non-citizen resident of Canada (he moved there in 1958), Zundel's repeated attempts at gaining citizenship in Canada were denied as he was decried by both the Canadian and German governments for his incitement of racial hatred. After several Canadian court battles over the contents of the material he distributed, he was deported in 2005 back to Germany, where he was later tried and convicted for Holocaust denial and inciting racial hatred. He was released in 2010, after serving five years.

In His Own Words

"Wherever we look, we White people find ourselves besieged by peoples of other races who compete aggressively against us for jobs, food, housing, education and above all, power! The Jews are particularly adept at seizing or insinuating themselves into strategic positions in our society where they wield power far beyond the extent of their numbers."

— "Our New Emblem," White Power Report, January 1977

"Hitler was well loved and loved in return, but this relationship between the Leader and his people was not the gushy, sickly sweet effusion of an obese Jewish mother for her pimply, draft-dodging son. This was Aryan love. Strong, steady and uplifting."

— The Hitler We Loved and Why, co-authored under a pseudonym with Eric Thomson

"[I]diots, morons and imbeciles [were not] possible [under Hitler] ... simply because such sorry specimens were not allowed to reproduce. Hitler, the artist and designer, designed a society for loving human beings, not plastic dummies."

— Quoted in the Toronto [Canada] Sun, May 23, 2003

Criminal History

In 1985, Ernst Zundel was convicted in Canada of "knowingly publishing false news" in connection with his pro-Nazi propaganda. The conviction was later overturned due to procedural errors. In 1987, Zundel was retried and again convicted in Canada. He served almost two years in prison before the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the law against publishing false news was unconstitutional.

In 2007, after being deported by the United States back to Canada and then by Canada back to hisnative Germany, Zundel was convicted in Germany of 14 counts of inciting racial hatred and defaming the memory of the dead. He was sentenced to the maximum of five years in prison.

Background

Ernst Zundel was born in Germany and moved to Canada in 1958. In the late 1970s,  he began running Samisdat Publishing, one of the largest distributors of neo-Nazi and Holocaust denial literature in the world. He worked in Canada as a commercial artist and photographer, writing numerous tracts of neo-Nazi and Holocaust denial propaganda under the alias of Christof Friedrich, his two middle names. But in 1978, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation revealed that Friedrich was actually Zundel.

After that, Zundel ran his Samisdat Publishing under his own name and distributed not only his own works, but those of other well-known Holocaust deniers. They included Richard Harwood, author of Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald: The Greatest Fraud in History, and Austin App, who wrote A Straight Look at the Third Reich and The Six Million Swindle. Zundel himself also wrote for White Power Report and Liberty Bell, two neo-Nazi publications run by George Dietz.

Zundel established the German-Jewish Historical Commission, which promoted denial of the Holocaust, and Concerned Parents of German Descent, which distributed anti-Semitic propaganda to ethnic Germans. Zundel's interests didn't end with neo-Nazism and Holocaust denial — he also believed thatUFOs were a Nazi secret weapon and published material to that effect. Zundel expanded Samisdat's offerings to include artistic depictions of "Nazi Secret Weapons" (UFOs included), along with audiotapes ranging from Hitler's speeches to "Music of the Third Reich." Samisdat's distribution was worldwide, although his focus was on the U.S., Canadian, and West German markets. Distribution of Nazi and neo-Nazi propaganda was illegal in West Germany (and still is in unified Germany), and in the early 1980s the government announced that it had seized some 200 illegal items coming into West Germany from Samisdat Publications in Toronto.

Zundel's hate activities attracted the Canadian government's interest, and its subsequent investigation of Zundel led to the suspension of his mailing privileges in 1981 (he then began using a Niagara Falls, N.Y., post office box). Authorities claimed that his mailings incited hatred — a crime in Canada — but in 1983 reinstated his postal privileges. In 1985, however, Zundel was charged criminally by Canadian authorities for violating a law against "knowingly publishing false news," by publishing "Did Six Million Really Die?" (not written by Zundel) and Zundel's own The West, War, and Islam. The prosecution used Holocaust survivors and historians in its case. On his side, Zundel had Holocaust deniers like Sweden's Ditlieb Felderer, France's Robert Faurisson and Canada's James Keegstra testifying, even though each had been convicted for denial in their home countries. Zundel was convicted on Feb. 26, 1985, of publishing false news about the Holocaust, and was sentenced to 15 months in jail and three years of probation. 

He didn't serve that sentence though; in January 1987 the Ontario Court of Appeals overturned the conviction, citing procedural errors. A new trial was granted in June 1987, which proved even more remarkable than the first. This time, the defense attempted to prove that the Nazis had never gassed Jews and others through the testimony of a self-taught "engineer" named Fred Leuchter. Leuchter had illegally removed chunks of bricks from presumed gas chambers at the Polish extermination camps of Auschwitz, Birkenau and Majdanek, and then examined them for traces of Zyklon-B gas. He concluded there was no evidence that humans had been gassed. (Leuchter's samples had been exposed to the elements for close to 50 years, and likely included bricks that were never in the chambers when they were in use but added during a postwar reconstruction. Thus, it was no surprise that he found little gas residue.) Leuchter's findings were summarized in the so-called Leuchter Report, a Samisdat publication that has become a classic amongst Holocaust deniers. The Canadian court dismissed Leuchter's testimony, citing his lack of credentials.

The defense again employed the testimony of Holocaust deniers like David Irving, Mark Weber, Bradley Smith, Ditlieb Felderer and Robert Faurisson. But to no avail. Zundel was sentenced to nine months in jail, and an appeal was denied. He entered Toronto's Don Jail on Feb. 5, 1990. Two years later, however, in August 1992, the Canadian Supreme Court ruled that the law against publishing false news was unconstitutional and the government halted deportation proceedings against Zundel.

In 1994, Zundel applied for Canadian citizenship. But after objections from Canada's Security Intelligence Service over his links to far-right extremist groups, a complicated court battle developed. One judge ruled in Zundel's favor, but an appeals court reversed that decision. The maneuvering continued until December 2000, when the Canadian Supreme Court refused to hear any more of Zundel's appeals. At that point, before Canadian authorities could pursue his deportation, Zundel moved to Pigeon Forge, Tenn., where he married longtime supporter Ingrid Rimland. For years, she had been webmaster of Zundelsite.org.

The Zundelsite was itself the focus of Canadian investigations. In 1996, the Canadian Human Rights Commission, responsible for enforcing Canada's 1977 Human Rights Act, charged that the Zundelsite was inciting hatred via "telephonic devices." The defense argued that the Internet was not a "telephonic device," but a federal adjudicator disagreed. Also at issue was the fact that Ingrid Rimland was Zundelsite's webmaster, and at the time she resided in California and used an American company to host the site, putting the site's contents under the protection of U.S. free speech laws. Zundel's role in the administration also was argued in the court, with Rimland claiming he was simply the inspiration for the site, not its author or administrator. But subsequent testimony suggested that Zundel paid Rimland $3,000 a month to run the site. In January 2002, the Canadian Human Rights Commission ruled that Zundelsite did expose a minority (Canadian Jews) to "hatred and contempt," and ordered the offending material removed. But the ruling couldn't be enforced since the site was hosted in America. Also, by that time, Zundel was living in Tennessee with Rimland.

In February 2003, the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) arrested Zundel in Tennessee for immigration violations (he failed to attend a required hearing), and he was deported back to Canada after two weeks in INS custody. Fearing deportation to Germany and subsequent prosecution for hate crimes, Zundel applied for refugee status in Canada, but the Canadian Security Intelligence Service issued a "national security certificate" against him because of his relationships with white supremacist groups. The certificate made Zundel ineligible for refugee status and required his deportation. Zundel fought the order in the courts for two years but was found to have been reasonably judged a security threat to Canada. He was deported in March 2005to Frankfurt, Germany, where he was promptly arrested.

Zundel's trial on 14 counts of inciting racial hatred and defaming the memory of the dead began in November of 2005, but was delayed after it was revealed that one of his defense team, disbarred German right-wing lawyer Horst Mahler (a former left-wing militant who had become a neo-Nazi), had been convicted for crimes against Jews himself. The trial resumed after the judge dismissed both Mahler and the attorney who had hired him to assist in the defense, and Zundel was convicted on Feb. 15, 2007. The court handed him the maximum sentence of five years in prison.

Zundel was released from prison on March 1, 2010, after serving five years for the crime of inciting racial hatred. A small group of fellow Holocaust deniers greeted him as he left a Mannheim prison. Zundel told reporters he would be heading to his home in the Black Forest to regain his health.

http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v21/v21n3p24_weber.html

New 'Official' Changes in the Auschwitz Story

By Mark Weber

Since the end of World War II, authoritative claims about the character and scope of killings at the Auschwitz concentration camp have changed drastically. One particularly striking change concerns the various "official" estimates of the number of victims -- a number that since 1945 has been steadily declining.

Today, more than half a century after the end of the war, the process of "establishment" revisionism still continues. It finds recent expression in a lengthy article, "The Number of Auschwitz Victims," published in the May 2002 issue of the scholarly German journal Osteuropa, issued by the prestigious Society for Eastern European Studies. The article is written by Fritjof Meyer, a respected foreign policy analyst, author of several books, and managing editor of Germany's foremost weekly news magazine Der Spiegel. / 1

Drastic Reductions

The Auschwitz camp complex, located in what is now south-central Poland, was set up by German authorities in 1940. Large numbers of Jews were deported there between 1942 and mid-1944. The main camp, or Stammlager, was known as Auschwitz I. Birkenau, or Auschwitz II, is regarded as the main extermination center.

At the postwar International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg (1945-1946), the victorious Allied powers charged that the Germans exterminated four million people at Auschwitz. This figure, which was given in a report produced by a Soviet government commission, was uncritically accepted for many years, and often appeared in major American newspapers and magazines. / 2

Other figures, both higher and lower, were sometimes also claimed during the decades after the end of World War II. / 3

One of the most widely read books on the German wartime camp system is a detailed study written shortly after the end of the war by former Buchenwald inmate Eugen Kogon. This much-praised work, published in the United States under the title The Theory and Practice of Hell, reports that at Auschwitz alone there were "at least 3,500,000 victims, probably 4,500,000." / 4

The 1955 French documentary film "Night and Fog," which is still widely shown in France, and has been seen by many in the United States, claims that nine million people lost their lives in Auschwitz. / 5

In his Osteuropa article, Meyer writes that Gerald Reitlinger, a prominent Jewish specialist of this subject, estimated in his 1953 book The Final Solution, that a total of one million people perished in Auschwitz, of whom as many as 750,000 were murdered by gas. / 6

Until 1989, notes Meyer, it was forbidden in eastern Europe to dispute the official finding that four million were killed at Auschwitz. At the Auschwitz State Museum, staff members who expressed doubts about this figure were threatened with disciplinary measures. In 1989 Israeli Holocaust historian Yehuda Bauer said that it is time to finally acknowledge that the familiar four million figure is a deliberate myth. /7 In July 1990 the Auschwitz State Museum, a Polish government agency, along with Israel's Yad Vashem Holocaust Center, announced that altogether perhaps one million people (both Jews and non-Jews) died at Auschwitz. / 8

Franciszek Piper, director of the Auschwitz State Museum, in an essay published in a semi-official 1994 American anthology, put the number of Auschwitz victims at 1.1 million. / 9 More or less consistent with that, prominent American newspapers in recent months have been telling readers that "more than a million" Jews lost their lives at Auschwitz. / 10

In a book published in 1994, the French anti-revisionist writer Jean-Claude Pressac estimated 631,000 to 711,000 deaths at Auschwitz, of which 470,000 to 550,000 were from gassing. / 11

In his recent Osteuropa article, Fritjof Meyer presents a further revision downwards. He writes: "These considerations are the basis for the conclusion here that in Auschwitz half a million people were murdered, about 356,000 of them with gas." Similarly, Meyer ends his article by concluding that 510,000 lost their lives in Auschwitz, of whom 356,000 "probably" were killed by gas.

The Höss 'Confessions'

For decades key evidence cited for mass killings at Auschwitz has been the postwar testimony of Rudolf Höss, who was commandant of the camp from May 1940 until December 1943, and again between May and July 1944. Since the end of the war, his statements of March and April 1946, and his testimony in April 1946 as a witness at the main Nuremberg trial, have been widely cited in numerous history books, newspapers, and magazine articles. / 12 In those statements, and in that testimony, he declared that three million died at Auschwitz, of whom two and a half million were killed "there by gassing and burning." / 13

In a detailed 1985 essay, Prof. Robert Faurisson established that the Höss "confession" is a false document that was extracted under torture. / 14 Fritjof Meyer, echoing arguments and points made 17 years earlier by Faurisson, writes that Höss' "confession" was wrung out of him after "three days of sleep deprivation, torture, beatings after every answer, being held naked, and forcibly intoxicated," and, finally, with the use of a whip.

Martin Broszat's Deceit

In his Osteuropa article, Meyer refers to the deceit of Martin Broszat, one of Germany's most prominent postwar historians. From 1972 until his death in 1989 Broszat was deputy director, and then director of Germany's semi-official Institute for Contemporary History in Munich. "The unreliability of Höss' million-large figures," writes Meyer, "is so serious that Martin Broszat simply left out some of them in the publication of the Höss papers that he edited."

Specifically, Meyer notes, Broszat deleted from Höss' "memoir" statements about millions of non-existent Jews who were scheduled for extermination, including "about four million Jews from Romania," as well as "an estimated two and a half million Jews from Bulgaria." In fact, Meyer writes, in 1940 there were only about 342,000 Jews in Romania altogether, and the total number of Jews in Bulgaria, according to more or less reliable estimates, was between 48,000 and some 63,000. Höss had exaggerated the actual number of Jews in Romania by more than ten times, and in Bulgaria by about 50 times.

So far, anyway, no public outcry has arisen against Dr. Broszat, who consciously falsified an important historical document, or against the prestigious scholarly institute he directed. Similarly, no one has yet apologized for this deception -- or even demanded that an apology be made.

Downplaying the Birkenau 'Kremas'

For decades it has been authoritatively claimed that mass killings of Jews were carried out at Auschwitz -- above all, by poison gas in semi-underground cellars adjacent to the Birkenau crematory structures (Kremas). This has been the view, for example, of Robert Jan van Pelt, a Jewish scholar who is regarded as an authority on Auschwitz and who was a key witness against British historian David Irving in the headline-making Irving-Lipstadt trial of January-March 2000. In his testimony in the trial, van Pelt referred to Krema II at Birkenau as "the most lethal building of Auschwitz," the place where "more people lost their lives than any other place on this planet. Five hundred thousand people were killed." / 15

In his Osteuropa article, Meyer discounts the importance of these "lethal buildings." In a significant revision of the familiar Auschwitz story, he shifts the focus of gassings from Birkenau Kremas II and III to two "farm houses" or "bunkers," which were also known as the "white house and the "red house." Meyer writes: "The actual genocide that was carried out probably took place mostly in the two reconstructed farm houses outside of the camp; the foundations of the first, the 'White House' or 'Bunker I,' were recently discovered."

Meyer unhelpfully does not explain what he means here by "probably" and "mostly."

Unsystematic Mass Killings?

Meyer also calls into question another important aspect of the familiar extermination story. According to the "standard" story, in the summer of 1941 or, at the latest, in the summer of 1942, Hitler ordered the systematic extermination of all the Jews of Europe under German control. In keeping with that, SS chief Heinrich Himmler supposedly ordered Commandant Höss to carry out systematic killings of Jews at Auschwitz, which was to serve as a central killing center. Only employable Jews who could be "worked to death" were to be temporarily spared.

This story is not accurate, Meyer suggests. Several months after the end of the war in Europe, he relates, former SS officer Hans Aumeier testified that in November 1942 Höss received an order from Himmler to gas all weak, sick or otherwise unemployable Jewish prisoners as a measure to prevent further spread of disease in the camp. / 16 Aumeier's testimony, which Meyer accepts as valid, suggests that Jews were killed at Auschwitz not as part of an comprehensive extermination program systematically to kill all European Jews, but rather as an exceptional measure to curb the horrific epidemics that were ravaging the Auschwitz I and Birkenau camps. / 17

A Dubious Document

Meyer also takes a skeptical look at a document that has been cited for years as a key piece of evidence for mass killings at Auschwitz: a June 28, 1943, letter from SS officer Karl Bischoff, head of the Auschwitz camp central construction department, to the WVHA center in Berlin. In this letter, Bischoff reports that all the crematory ovens in the Auschwitz main camp and in Birkenau could process as many as 4,756 corpses every 24 hours. This document is cited, for example, in the semi-official book, Nazi Mass Murder, in a section headed "the Perfected Gas Chambers at Birkenau." / 18

But as long ago as 1989, the French anti-revisionist researcher Jean-Claude Pressac expressed doubt about the figures given in this document. In a detailed book published that year, he expressed the view that the true cremation figures may perhaps have been one-half or one-third of those given in the Bischoff letter. / 19 Noting that some years ago Pressac had characterized this document as "an internal propaganda lie" of the SS, and that even van Pelt has cut in half the figures in the Bischoff letter, Meyer writes of the "entirely permissible doubts about the authenticity of the document."

Meyer also discounts the familiar image of "factory like" crematories at Birkenau, operating day and night and continually belching smoke. He points out that these crematories operated only fitfully, and often broke down. He cites, for example, Birkenau's crematory facility (Krema) II, which went into operation on March 22, 1943. Cracks in the chimney were already visible on April 3, and by mid-May the crematory was no longer operational. Because Birkenau's crematories could not possibly have "processed" as many corpses as has been claimed, Meyer concludes that between December 1942 and March 1943 tens of thousands of corpses were cremated there in the open air.

Meyer does not consider an obvious problem inherent in this claim: If Birkenau had really been a center for a well-planned, systematic extermination of hundreds of thousands of Jews, why did the authorities in charge fail to arrange for the construction of adequate crematory facilities to process the anticipated numbers of victims? To put it another way, cremation of tens of thousands of corpses in makeshift open-air pyres cannot be reconciled with Birkenau's supposed role as a center where, on the basis of orders from the highest level, a program of systematic extermination was carried out.

It is largely on the basis of his understanding of cremation capacity in the camp, and his estimate that a total of perhaps 433,000 corpses were cremated at Auschwitz (including Birkenau), that Meyer concludes that some 500,000 people perished there.

Conclusion

Compared to the recently "authoritative" figure of approximately one million Auschwitz deaths, Meyer has reduced the number of Jewish victims there by at least 450,000. If he were held to the legal standards that are routinely applied to revisionist skeptics, he would be prosecuted for violating Germany's law against "relativizing" or "denying" Jewish deaths.

Meyer seems vaguely aware of this. In an apparent effort to provide a "politically correct" justification for his "denial" and "relativizing," he pompously writes: "Accordingly, the dimension of the breach of civilization becomes conceivable and, for the first time, is a convincing portent for those born afterwards … This result does not 'relativize' the barbarism, but rather verifies it -- and serves as a severe warning against a new shattering of civilization."

Meyer's article is subtitled "New Revelations through new archival findings." In fact, Fritjof Meyer and Osteuropa journal affirm the decades-old skepticism of the "deniers," embracing even some of the same "physical" or "forensic" arguments presented for years by revisionists such as Robert Faurisson. / 20 Meyer unintentionally affirms that the skeptics were right to reject the "official" story, which -- as his article shows -- is still changing.

Notes

  1. Frit...

==

https://www.stormfront.org/revision/questions.html

66 questions and answers

on the Holocaust

Updated on January of 1995

  1. What proof exists that the Nazis killed six million Jews?

None. All we have is postwar testimony, mostly of individual "survivors." This testimony is contradictory, and very few claim to have actually witnessed any "gassing." There are no contemporaneous documents or hard evidence: no mounds of ashes, no crematories capable of disposing of millions of corpses, no "human soap," no lamp shades made of human skin, and no credible demographic statistics.

  1. What evidence exists that six million Jews were not killed by the Nazis?

Extensive forensic, demographic, analytical and comparative evidence demonstrates the impossibility of such a figure. The widely repeated "six million" figure is an irresponsible exaggeration.

  1. :{Did Simon Wiesenthal state in writing that "there were no extermination camps on German soil"?

Yes. The famous "Nazi hunter" wrote this in Stars and Stripes, Jan. 24, 1993. }:He also claimed that "gassings" of Jews took place only in Poland.

  1. If Dachau was in Germany, and even Wiesenthal says that it was not an extermination camp, why do many American veterans say it was an extermination camp?

After the Allies captured Dachau, many GIs and others were led through the camp and shown a building alleged to have been a "gas chamber." The mass media widely, but falsely, continues to assert that Dachau was a "gassing" camp.

  1. What about Auschwitz?

:{Is there any proof that gas chambers were used to kill people there?

No. Auschwitz, captured by the Soviets, was modified after the war, and a room was reconstructed to look like a large "gas chamber."After America's leading expert on gas chamber construction and design, Fred Leuchter,examined this and other alleged Auschwitz gassing facilities, he stated that it was an "absurdity" to claim that they were, or could have been, used for executions.}:

  1. If Auschwitz wasn't a "death camp," what was its true purpose?

It was an internment center and part of a large-scale manufacturing complex. Synthetic fuel was produced there, and its inmates were used as a workforce.

  1. Who set up the first concentration camps?

During the Boer War (1899-1902), the British set up what they called "concentration camps" in South Africa to hold Afrikaner women and children. Approximately 30,000 died in these hell-holes, which were as terrible as German concentration camps of World War II.

  1. How did German concentration camps differ from American "relocation" camps in which Japanese-Americans were interned during WWII?

The only significant difference was that the Germans interned persons on the basis of being real or suspected security threats to the German war effort, whereas the Roosevelt administration interned persons on the basis of race alone.

  1. Why did the German government intern Jews in camps?

It considered Jews a direct threat to national security. (Jews were overwhelmingly represented in Communist subversion.) However, all suspected security risks - not just Jews - were in danger of internment.

  1. What hostile measure did world Jewry undertake against Germany as early as 1933?

In March 1933, international Jewish organizations declared an international boycott of German goods.

  1. Did the Jews of the world "declare war on Germany"?

Yes. Newspapers around the world reported this. A front-page headline in the London Daily Express (March 24, 1933), for example, announced "Judea Declares War on Germany."

  1. Was this before or after the "death camp" stories began?

This was years before the "death camp" stories, which began in 1941-1942.

  1. What nation is credited with being the first to practice mass civilian bombing?

Britain - on May 11, 1940.

  1. How many "gas chambers" to kill people were there at Auschwitz?

None.

  1. How many Jews were living in the areas that came under German control during the war?

Fewer than six million.

  1. If the Jews of Europe were not exterminated by the Nazis, what happened to them?

After the war millions of Jews were still alive in Europe. Hundreds of thousands (perhaps as many as one and a half million) had died of all causes during the war. Others had emigrated to Palestine, the United States, and other countries. Still more Jews left Europe after the war.

  1. How many Jews fled or were evacuated to deep within the Soviet Union?

More than two million fled or were evacuated by the Soviets in 1941-1942. These Jews thus never came under German control.

  1. How many Jews emigrated from Europe prior to the war, thus putting them outside of German reach?

Perhaps a million (not including those absorbed by the USSR).

  1. If Auschwitz was not an extermination camp, why did the commandant, Rudolf Hoess, confess that it was?

He was tortured by British military police, as one of his interrogators later admitted.

  1. Is there any evidence of American, British and Soviet policy to torture German prisoners in order to exact "confessions" for use at the trials at Nuremberg and elsewhere?

Yes. Torture was extensively used to produce fraudulent "evidence" for the infamous Nuremberg trials, and in other postwar "war crimes" trials.

  1. How does the Holocaust story benefit Jews today?

It helps protect Jews as a group from criticism. As a kind of secular religion, it provides an emotional bond between Jews and their leaders. It is a powerful tool in Jewish money-raising campaigns, and is used to justify US aid to Israel.

  1. How does it benefit the State of Israel?

It justifies the billions of dollars in "reparations" Germany has paid to Israel and many individual "survivors." It is used by the Zionist/Israeli lobby to dictate a pro-Israel American foreign policy in the Middle East, and to force American taxpayer aid to Israel, totaling billions of dollars per year.

  1. How is it used by many Christian clergymen?

The Holocaust story is cited to justify the Old Testament notion of Jews as a holy and eternally persecuted "Chosen People."

  1. How did it benefit the Communists?

It diverted attention from Soviet war mongering and atrocities before, during and after the Second World War.

  1. How does it benefit Britain?

In much the same way it benefitted the Soviet Union.

  1. Is there any evidence that Hitler ordered mass extermination of Jews?

No.

  1. What kind of gas was used in German wartime concentration camps?

Hydrocyanic gas from "Zyklon B," a commercial pesticide that was widely used throughout Europe.

  1. For what purpose was "Zyklon B" manufactured?

It was a pesticide used to fumigate clothing and quarters to kill typhus-bearing lice and other pests.

  1. Was this product suitable for mass extermination?

No. If the Nazis had intended to use poison gas to exterminate people, far more efficient products were available. Zyklon is a slow-acting fumigation agent.

  1. How long does it take to ventilate an area after fumigation with Zyklon B?

Normally about 20 hours. The whole procedure is very complicated and dangerous. Gas masks must be used, and only trained technicians are employed.

  1. Auschwitz commandant Hoess said that his men would enter the "gas chambers" to remove bodies ten minutes after the victims had died. How do you explain this?

It can't be explained because had they done so they would have suffered the same fate as the "gassing" victims.

  1. Hoess said in his "confession" that his men would smoke cigarettes as they pulled bodies out of gas chambers, ten minutes after gassing. Isn't Zyklon B explosive?

Yes. The Hoess confession is obviously false.

  1. What was the exact procedure the Nazis allegedly used to exterminate Jews?

The stories range from dropping gas canisters into a crowded room from a hole in the ceiling, to piping gas through shower heads, to "steam chambers," to "electrocution" machinery. Millions are alleged to have been killed in these ways.

  1. How could a mass extermination program have been kept secret from those who were scheduled to be killed?

It couldn't have been kept secret. The fact is that there were no mass gassings. The extermination stories originated as wartime atrocity propaganda.

  1. If Jews scheduled for execution knew the fate in store for them, why did they go along with the Germans without resisting?

They didn't fight back because they did not believe there was any intention to kill them.

  1. About how many Jews died in the concentration camps?

Competent estimates range from about 300,000 to 500,000.

  1. How did they die?

Mainly from recurring typhus epidemics that ravaged war-torn Europe during the war, as well as from starvation and lack of medical attention during the final months of the conflict, when virtually all road and rail transportation had been bombed out by the Allies.

  1. What is typhus?

This disease always appears when many people are jammed together under unsanitary conditions. It is carried by lice that infest hair and clothes. Ironically, if the Germans had used more Zyklon B, more Jews might have survived the camps.

  1. What is the difference if six million or 300,000 Jews died during the Second World War?

5,700,000.

  1. Some Jewish "death camp" survivors say they saw bodies being dumped into pits and burned. How much fuel would have been required for this?

A great deal more than the Germans had access to, as there was a substantial fuel shortage during the war.

  1. Can bodies be burned in pits?

No. It is impossible for human bodies to be totally consumed by flames in this manner because of lack of oxygen.

  1. Holocaust historians claim that the Nazis were able to cremate bodies in about ten minutes. How long does it take to incinerate one body, according to professional crematory operators?

About an hour and a half, although the larger bones require further processing afterwards.

  1. Why did the German concentration camps have crematory ovens?

To dispose efficiently and sanitarily of the corpses of those who had died.

  1. Given a 100 percent duty cycle of all the crematories in all the camps in German-controlled territory, what is the maximum number of corpses it would have been possible to incinerate during the entire period such crematories were in operation?

About 430,600.

  1. Can a crematory oven be operated 100 percent of the time?

No. Fifty percent of the time is a generous estimate (12 hours per day). Crematory ovens have to be cleaned thoroughly and regularly when in heavy operation.

  1. How much ash is left from a cremated corpse?

After the bone is all ground down, about a shoe box full.

  1. If six million people had been incinerated by the Nazis, what happened to the ashes?

That remains to be "explained." Six million bodies would have produced many tons of ashes, yet there is no evidence of any large ash depositories.

  1. Do Allied wartime aerial reconnaissance photos of Auschwitz (taken during the period when the "gas chambers" and crematoria were supposedly in full operation) show evidence of extermination?

No. In fact, these photographs do not even reveal a trace of the enormous amount of smoke that supposedly was constantly over the camp, nor do they show evidence of the "open pits" in which bodies were allegedly burned.

  1. What was the main provision of the German "Nuremberg Laws" of 1935?

They forbid marriage and sexual relations between Germans and Jews, similar to laws existing in Israel today.

  1. Were there any American precedents for the Nuremberg Laws?

Years before Hitler's Third Reich, most states in the USA had enacted laws prohibiting marriage between persons of different races.

  1. What did the International Red Cross have to report with regard to the "Holocaust" question?

An official report on the visit of an IRC delegation to Auschwitz in September 1944 pointed out that internees were permitted to receive packages, and that rumors of gas chambers could not be verified.

  1. What was the role of the Vatican during the time six million Jews were allegedly being exterminated?

If there had been an extermination plan, the Vatican would most certainly have been in a position to know about it. But because there was none, the Vatican had no reason to speak out against it, and didn't.

  1. What evidence is there that Hitler knew of an on-going Jewish extermination program?

None.

  1. Did the Nazis and the Zionists collaborate?

As early as 1933, Hitler's government signed an agreement with the Zionists permitting Jews to emigrate from Germany to Palestine, taking large amounts of capital with them.

  1. How did Anne Frank die?

After surviving internment in Auschwitz, she succumbed to typhus in the Bergen-Belsen camp, just a few weeks before the end of the war. She was not gassed.

  1. Is the Anne Frank Diary genuine?

No. Evidence compiled by Dr. Robert Faurisson of France establishes that the famous diary is a literary hoax.

  1. What about the familiar photographs and film footage taken in the liberated German camps showing piles of emaciated corpses? Are these faked?

Photographs can be faked, but it's far easier merely to add a misleading caption to a photo or commentary to a piece of footage. Piles of emaciated corpses do not mean that these people were "gassed" or deliberately starved to death. Actually, these were tragic victims of raging epidemics or of starvation due to a lack of food in the camps toward the end of the war.

  1. Who originated the term "genocide"?

Raphael Lemkin, a Polish Jew, in a book published in 1944.

  1. Are films such as "Schindler's List" or "The Winds of War" documentaries?

No. Such films are fictional dramatizations loosely based on history. Unfortunately, all too many people accept them as accurate historical representations.

  1. How many books have been published that refute some aspect of the standard "Holocaust" story?

Dozens. More are in production.

  1. What happened when the Institute for Historical Review offered $50,000 to anyone who could prove that Jews were gassed at Auschwitz?

No proof was submitted as a claim on the reward, but the Institute was sued for $17 million by former Auschwitz inmate Mel Mermelstein, who claimed that the reward offer caused him to lose sleep and his business to suffer, and represented "injurious denial of established fact."

  1. What about the charge that those who question the Holocaust story are merely anti-Semitic or neo-Nazi?

This is a smear designed to draw attention away from facts and honest arguments. Scholars who refute Holocaust story claims are of all persuasions and ethnic-religious backgrounds (including Jewish). There is no correlation between "Holocaust" refutation and anti-Semitism or neo-Nazism. Increasing numbers of Jewish scholars openly admit the lack of evidence for key Holocaust claims.

  1. What has happened to "revisionist" historians who have challenged the Holocaust story?

They have been subjected to smear campaigns, loss of academic positions, loss of pensions, destruction of their property and physical violence.

  1. Has the Institute for Historical Review suffered any retaliation for its efforts to uphold the right of freedom of speech and academic freedom?

The IHR had been bombed three times, and was completely destroyed on July 4, 1984, in a criminal arson attack. Numerous death threats by telephone have been received. Media coverage of the IHR has been overwhelmingly hostile.

  1. Why is there so little publicity for the revisionist view?

Because for political reasons the Establishment does not want any in-depth discussion about the facts surrounding the Holocaust story.

  1. Where can I get more information about the "other side" of the Holocaust story, as well as facts concerning other aspects of World War II historical revisionism?

The Institute for Historical Review, P.O. Box 2739, Newport Beach, CA 92659, carries a wide variety of books, cassette and video tapes on significant historical subjects.

Extra Copies of this Question and Answer sheet are 10 copies: $2.00 - 50 copies: $5.00 - 100 or more: 8 cents each.

For more detailed study of the Holocaust issue, read these books available from the Institute for Historical Review:

The Hoax of the Twentieth Century, by Dr. Arthur Butz, Pb., $9.95.

The Holocaust Story and the Lies of Ulysses, by Paul Rassinier, Pb., $12.00.

Auschwitz: A Judge Looks at the Evidence, by Wilhelm Staeglich, Hb. $19.95; Pb., $11.95. 

(On all book orders, please add 10% for shipping and handling.)

The Journal of Historical Review is published six times yearly by the IHR. Subscriptions are $40 per year (domestic). Write for our catalog of books, leaflets, and audio and video cassette tapes.

For the current IHR catalog, with a complete listing of books and audio and video tapes, send one dollar to:

Institute For Historical Review Post Office Box 2739 Newport Beach, California 92659

==

https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/ideology/holocaust-denial

Deniers of the Holocaust, the systematic murder of around 6 million Jews in World War II, either deny that such a genocide took place or minimize its extent. These groups (and individuals) often cloak themselves in the sober language of serious scholarship, call themselves “historical revisionists” instead of deniers, and accuse their critics of trying to squelch open-minded inquiries into historical truth.

The deniers’ claims run a gamut. Some say that most Jews were the victims of disease and other privations, or died in much the same way that other casualties of a huge and horrific war did. Some say that the gas chambers did not exist, or were only used to delouse prisoners, or could not possibly have killed as many victims as mainstream historians have asserted, and many suggest that the gas chambers were built after the war as a way extracting reparations from the Germans. The main purpose of Holocaust denial has been to rehabilitate the German Nazis’ image as part of a bid to make the ideology of national socialism more acceptable.

David Irving, a British writer who is the world’s best-known denier, sued an American scholar for calling him a denier but suffered a devastating defeat in 2000, when a British judge concluded that Irving had selectively edited the facts in his books as part of his pro-Nazi, pro-Hitler and anti-Jewish ideology.

Active Holocaust Denial Hate Groups in 2016

Barnes Review/Foundation for Economic Liberty, Inc.

Upper Marlboro, MD

Campaign for Radical Truth in History

Coeur d’Alene, ID

carolynyeager.net

Kerrville, TX

Committee for Open Debate on the Holocaust

San Diego, CA*

York, PA

Deir Yassin Remembered

Geneva, NY*

Ann Arbor, MI

Institute for Historical Review

Newport Beach CA

Irving Books

Key West, FL

Realist Report, The

Poway, CA

==

2016

A congressional candidate in eastern Tennessee who recently made national headlines for his “Make America White Again” billboards is hoping Donald Trump’s racially charged presidential campaign will increase his chances of winning.

In a recent interview with Winston Smith on the white nationalist radio show Political Cesspool, Rick Tyler said, “Well I of course derived some inspiration from Donald Trump.”

Trump’s advocacy of a "temporary ban" on Muslim immigration and the construction of a wall on the U.S. border with Mexico, Tyler said in one of his blog posts, has also “created a climate conducive to conversation about ... namely, the urgent and vital subject of race,” which is what Tyler wants.

Tyler, 58, of Ocoee, isn’t new to politics. He ran unsuccessfully for the same congressional district in 2014, receiving only 0.4 percent of the vote, and for U.S. Senate in Florida in 2010.

His offensive billboards and his pseudo-intellectual AM radio advertisements, called “Intelligent Conversation on Race,” shouldn’t come as a surprise.

Tyler has been active in the white nationalist movement for over 30 years. According to an article published in the anti-Semitic publication American Free Press(AFP), Tyler has distributed copies of AFP and the Spotlight, two publications founded by the late white nationalist Willis Carto, who also founded the first major American Holocaust-denial outfit, the Institute for Historical Review (IHR).

In an interview with Eli James, a Christian Identity pastor who runs Eurofolk Radio, which is “concerned about all White people and their struggle to break free of the Jewish matrix of deceit,” Tyler referred to Jewish temples as “synagogue[s] of Satan.” He also claims that the “true Israelite descent is to be found among those of Caucasian, European ancestry,” according to one of his recent blog posts.Tyler is also a follower of Christian Identity, an anti-Semitic religious ideology that claims Jews are the "seed of Satan” and people of color are soulless "mud people."

Most recently, Tyler divulged more of his racist leanings during online radio interviews with Smith, and Matthew Heimbach, a founder of the white nationalist Traditionalist Worker Party (TWP), who was recently charged for shoving an African-American protester at a Trump rally in March.

“What in the world could possibly be hateful about a white man advocating the return of the demographic of the mid-60s,” he said in his interview with Heimbach. According to Tyler, American society “has been stolen from” white Christians.

In his interview with Smith, he describes white Americans as “our racial ancestors who birthed and brought forth this singularly unique great nation of Christian constitutional republic."

Tyler also has a problem with interracial relationships.

“You know the scent of miscegenation is running rampant today and it wasn’t that long ago that miscegenation was readily recognized as an abomination in the eyes of god… This is a horrific sin that needs to be repented of,” Tyler also said in his interview with Smith.

Tyler openly accepts support from neo-Nazis and Klansman as well, saying, “Their financial support and willingness to cast votes in my favor will certainly not be rejected.”

Heimbach’s TWP and the National Socialist Movement (NSM), a neo-Nazi group active throughout the U.S, have both publically endorsed the candidate. NSM characterizes Tyler as a “Pro-white and Pro-American Candidate” who is “against International Zionism.” Heimbach describes him as “a family man, small business owner,” who opposes “globalism and Zionism.”

Heimbach is also helping Tyler’s campaign, creating graphics for his campaign signs.

Jeff Schoep, “commander” of NSM, Heimbach and Matthew Johnson, a senior researcher for *The Barnes Review*, a Holocaust denial publication, are planning to attend Tyler’s campaign kick off event on Saturday at White Water Grill, a restaurant Tyler owns in Ocoee.

http://web.archive.org/web/20101123192605/http://holocaustdenialontrial.org/en/learning/myth-fact

Auschwitz and Gas Chambers

"Gas Chambers" could not have been used for gassing

CLAIM: Holocaust deniers argue that if there were no holes in the roofs then the structures were not gas chambers and Auschwitz was not an extermination camp. If Auschwitz was not an extermination camp, then the Holocaust did not happen.

RESPONSE: However, extensive evidence of the gas chambers in Auschwitz-Birkenau remains. Cremas 2 and 3 had holes in the roof for the introduction of Zyklon-B into the gas chamber below. Eyewitness and photographic evidence documents these holes, and a recent study has proved their precise location.

There were no holes in the roof of the gas chambers

CLAIM: Brian Renk, of the deniers' Institute for Historical Review, claims that no one has been ". . . able to find physical evidence of Zyklon-induction holes at the site, or a single reference to them in the camp's voluminous design and construction records . . ."

RESPONSE: Despite the fact that the wire-mesh introduction columns can't be found today, their existence is confirmed by eyewitness accounts-both perpetrator and survivor-and by a surviving German documents that lists them in an inventory.

Auschwitz "Gas Chambers" were really air raid shelters

CLAIM: The gas chambers at Auschwitz were just air raid shelters equipped with gas-tight doors to protect the people sheltering inside from poison gas.

RESPONSE: However, closer examination of the materials on order and in use inside the gas chambers and the immense distance between the SS barracks and the gas chambers in Birkenau belie the claims of deniers. These were homicidal gas chambers.

Auschwitz-Birkenau was not a killing center

CLAIM: Auschwitz-Birkenau was not a killing center. Collections of camp death certificates (Auschwitz Death Books) list a total of only 69,000 deaths -- all from natural causes.

RESPONSE: The Auschwitz Death Books only list 69,000 deaths because they do not include the more than 900,000 men, women and children who were sent directly to the Auschwitz gas chambers from the railroad car transports without being registered.

Hitler never ordered the Holocaust

CLAIM: No order signed by Adolf Hitler authorizing the 'Final Solution' has ever been found. Since Hitler as supreme ruler signed other orders, the absence of a "Holocaust" order proves that it never happened.

RESPONSE: Although it is true that no document signed by Hitler authorizing the entire murderous campaign we call the Holocaust has been found, historians point to the convergence of evidence from all levels of the Nazi hierarchy that demonstrate Hitler's complicity in every facet of this murderous undertaking.

Scientific tests prove the "Gas Chambers" never existed

CLAIM: Objective science, represented by the Leuchter Report: The End of the Line? The First Forensic Examination of Auschwitz proves the non-existence of the Holocaust.

RESPONSE: Despite claims to objective truth, the Leuchter Report isn't "exact science." Leuchter's methods were fatally flawed and his conclusions false. The fact that even "insignificant traces" were found in the ruins of the gas chambers after all these years of being exposed to the elements is proof that there WERE gas chambers in Auschwitz-Birkenau.

The "Gas Chamber" in Auschwitz I is a fake for tourists

CLAIM: Auschwitz Museum officials have confirmed that the alleged gas chamber in Auschwitz I (the Main Camp) is a fake.

RESPONSE: Crematorium 1 (Crema 1) in the Main Camp is not a "fake" but an authentically restored space meant to be a memorial and symbolic representation of all the gas chambers and crematoria in the Auschwitz camp complex.

Crematory Capacity

Breakdowns and Maintenance must have reduced the Nazi's ability to cremate bodies

CLAIM: The crematory ovens at Auschwitz-Birkenau were inoperable for long periods of time due to maintenance and breakdown, thereby reducing the number of bodies that could be burned in total.

RESPONSE: the ovens did suffer breakdowns and they did need maintenance. The use of some ovens was discontinued by German decision and others were destroyed in a prisoner uprising. However, when there were more bodies than could be burned in the crematoria, the Germans used open air pits which could burn thousands of bodies at once.

No authentic contemporary documents speak about the capacity of the ovens at Birkenau

CLAIM: There are no authentic, contemporary documents that speak about the capacity of the ovens at Birkenau.

RESPONSE: Holocaust deniers refuse to accept the Germans' own documentation about the capacity of the ovens. They denounce this authoritative evidence as forgeries.

No evidence of open-air burning pits has ever been found in Auschwitz-Birkenau

CLAIM: Carlo Mattogno, an Italian Holocaust denier, used complicated calculations to allegedly 'prove' the ovens at Auschwitz-Birkenau couldn't possibly have cremated some 1.1 million bodies.

RESPONSE: Historical evidence shows that when the available ovens at Auschwitz-Birkenau couldn't handle the load, open-air pit burning was used. Photographs from the air and on the ground show the open-air pit burning process and eyewitness evidence supports them.

The crematoria ovens at Auschwitz couldn't have disposed of the remains of the 1.1 million Jews

CLAIM: A major denier theorized that since modern crematoria ovens can cremate one body in 1.25 hours, or 19.2 bodies in 24 hours that must mean it was the same at Auschwitz-Birkenau. Based on this observation and allowing for down time for maintenance and repairs, he concluded that 'only' 85,092 bodies could have been cremated.

RESPONSE: The authorities in Auschwitz were not concerned about respect for the dead and clearly did not abide by civilian laws of cremation. They burned multiple bodies at one time, continuously pushing in more to keep the fires hot.

There never was enough coke (coal) at Auschwitz-Birkenau for cremating over 1,000,000 bodies

CLAIM: While questioning Robert Jan van Pelt during his slander trial against Professor Deborah Lipstadt, David Irving pointed to a plastic water bottle and asked, "Do you really, sincerely believe that you can burn one body with enough coke that you could fit into one of these waters bottles, is that what you are saying?"

RESPONSE: We will probably never know exactly how much coke was delivered to Auschwitz or how much was required in the cremation process. Furthermore, the cremation of multiple bodies at the same time, continuous usage of the ovens, the use of alternate fuels and open-air burning pits make the question irrelevant.

Anne Frank

Parts of Anne Frank's diary are written in ball point pen

CLAIM: Parts of Anne Frank's diary are written in ball point pen, while that technology was not available until after the war.

RESPONSE: Anne wrote the body of her diary with a fountain pen. The only ball point pen ink traces are two loose notes written by someone else and put with the papers later and some page numbers written on the sheets during the compilation process.

The Diary of Anne Frank is a Forgery

CLAIM: Anne Frank's diary is a forgery written by her father, Otto Frank, for monetary gain. One denier, calling her diary a "novel," wonders how a teenage girl could have written that "maturely."

RESPONSE: Physical testing of the notebooks, papers, and ink Anne used found that they are all authentic to the time. Furthermore, the handwriting and printing in the diary is the same as that in other writings known to have been penned by Anne Frank.

The living situation in the Secret Annex as described in Anne Frank's diary was impossible

CLAIM: The living situation in the Secret Annex as described in Anne Frank's diary was impossible.

RESPONSE: Hidden in a landing accessed by a swinging bookshelf in a small office, the residents had some close calls during their 25 months in hiding, but they took care to be quiet and give no signs to the outside world that they were living there during the times people were present in the building.

Kristallnacht

'International Jewry' caused the Kristallnacht pogrom

CLAIM: 'International Jewry' funded Herschel Grynszpan's assassination of Ernst vom Rath and then used vom Rath's death as an excuse to start the Kristallnacht pogrom. They did so for the purpose of embarrassing the German government and to get international sympathy to open the doors for Jewish immigration, especially to Palestine.

RESPONSE: Herschel Grynszpan wasn't supported by 'International Jewry' or LICA. He bought the gun with his own money and went to the embassy where he shot vom Rath on his own. His first lawyer was provided by LICA at the request of his relatives and paid for by a defense fund raised in the United States. It was initiated by Hitler, set in motion by Goebbels, executed by the Gauleiters and the Stormtroopers under their control.

Adolf Hitler didn't know about and didn't authorize the Kristallnacht pogrom

CLAIM: Hitler did not approve of the Kristallnacht pogrom and did not know about it until it was well under way.

RESPONSE: Given the verifiable fact that Hitler was informed about the earlier disturbances at his meeting with Goebbels, he must have authorized the larger attacks on Jews, their property and their businesses.

Kristallnacht violence and damage were greatly exaggerated by the Jews themselves in order to get sympathy

CLAIM: Deniers consistently downplay the loss of Jewish life, the savage assaults on their persons, and the extent of the destruction of Jewish property in order to minimize the suffering of the Jews.

RESPONSE: Between November 9 and 10, 1938, however, hundreds of synagogues were burned, thousands of Jewish businesses and homes were destroyed, at least 91 Jews were murdered and many others were assaulted and seriously injured. Over 20,000 male Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps where they were maltreated and terrorized.

Kristallnacht perpetrators were appropriately punished in courts of criminal law

CLAIM: Rudolf Hess, the head of the Nazi party and a member of Hitler's inner circle, "ordered the Gestapo and the party's court to delve into the origins of the night's violence and to turn the culprits over to the public prosecutors."

RESPONSE: In fact, Nazi leaders successfully prevented the vast majority of offenders from being prosecuted. Only the cases of two men were sent to the criminal court system, both for the crime of 'race mixing' which the Nazis found repugnant. All other crimes-up to and including the murder of Jews-were simply forgiven or ignored.

When Hitler found out about the Kristallnacht pogrom he tried to stop it

CLAIM: When Hitler found out about theKristallnacht pogrom he was "livid with rage." He summoned Josef Goebbels, the Minister of Propaganda, to his apartment and "made a terrible scene."

RESPONSE: Adolf Hitler did not try to stop the pogrom. He authorized Goebbels to get it started. Other Nazi officials in Hitler's inner circle and their subordinates sent out clarifying instructions throughout the night giving directions on how best to conduct the pogrom -- not stop it.

Dresden

As many as 250,000 people were killed in the Dresden air raid

CLAIM: Between 100,000 and 250,000 people died in allied air raids on the historic German city of Dresden. This is at least as criminal as Auschwitz.

RESPONSE: Definitive research shows that the death toll in Dresden was around 25,000. Irving exaggerates the death toll in Dresden while minimizing the death toll in Auschwitz in an attempt to make Allied and Nazi atrocities seem equivalent. They were not.

Dresden was an undefended cultural city of no of military or industrial importance

CLAIM: the Allied bombing of Dresden was a war crime and an atrocity because it was an undefended cultural city of no military or industrial importance.

RESPONSE: However, Dresden was a legitimate military target. It was a key railroad junction and therefore an important transit point for military traffic.

Gerstein Report

Allies Tortured Kurt Gerstein to Extract False Confession

CLAIM: The facts about Gerstein’s death and the disposition of his body are uncertain.

RESPONSE: Rassinier deliberately misleads his readers about the facts of Gerstein’s death in order to try to indict the Allies in a sinister plot of forgery, torture, murder and cover-up with the ultimate aim of discrediting Gerstein’s eyewitness testimony.

Kurt Gerstein is an Unreliable Witness

CLAIM:The "story" of mass murder of Jews in the Operation Reinhard camps in gas chambers using engine exhaust is based solely on the unbelievable post-war testimony of Kurt Gerstein, an SS officer who observed a mass gassing in Belzec.

RESPONSE: In order to erase the deaths of some 1.5 million Jewish men, women and children in Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka, the Holocaust deniers must discredit Gerstein and his report at any cost.

Gerstein Report is Filled With Impossibilities: Therefore it is a Lie

CLAIM: Gerstein’s report is so filled with absurdities and impossibilities that the entire report must be dismissed as a fabrication.

RESPONSE: The Holocaust deniers are desperate to discredit Gerstein’s account, so they hammer away at any minor points they can find so they can claim it must be discarded as incredible. But Gerstein’s story is remarkably consistent across all the versions that are known to be in his own hand when it dealt with things he saw with his own eyes: the mass gassing he observed at Belzec.

The Gerstein Report was Refused At Nuremberg

CLAIM: The Gerstein report was such a "clumsy forgery" that when the French text of it was presented as evidence at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg on January 30, 1946 the Tribunal refused to consider it as evidence.

RESPONSE: Rassinier is lying in an attempt to discredit Gerstein’s report as evidence. The judges did not "throw out" Gerstein’s report. Once the supposedly missing certificate was pointed out, it was entered into evidence the same day.

Gerstein's Report is a Forgery and all Other Eyewitness Evidence is Flimsy or Tainted

CLAIM: Gerstein’s report about the mass gassings in Belzec and Treblinka is such an obvious "forgery" that the whole story cannot be believed. The testimony of Jewish survivors and SS perpetrators follows Gerstein’s account and so cannot be believed either.

RESPONSE: Responsible history is written by comparing eyewitness and documentary evidence to each other to determine the most reasonable interpretation between all the sources and work out errors and speculation. In this case, the evidence of perpetrators survivors corroborates Gerstein’s account and each other on all the major points of the process of mass murder.

Gas Vans

Documents Proving The Existence of the Gas Vans Are Forged

CLAIM: Documents that explicitly discuss the construction and use of gas vans are "not credible" and of "dubious" origin.

RESPONSE: The letters about the gas vans are not "uncertain" or "dubious" and they are not forged. The Holocaust deniers fail to tell their readers the whole story. The testimonies of the men who designed, built and used the gas vans corroborate the information in them.

Eyewitnesses To The Existence of Gas Vans Are Unreliable

CLAIM: Eyewitness evidence about the use of gas vans in the death camp of Chelmno and by the Einsatzgruppen units in the East is based on hearsay that originated in questionable trials in the Soviet Union during the war. That "evidence" then influenced the trials held in Germany after the war.

RESPONSE: Weckert uses a common Holocaust denial technique for discrediting any eyewitness evidence that negates their thesis. She selects tiny, out-of-context examples from the large body of eyewitness evidence available, and then minutely picks each of them apart looking for any inconsistencies, no matter how small or inconsequential. The fact is that minor inconsistencies aide the overall credibility and convergence of the eyewitnesses accounts, since identical descriptions would seem rehearsed.

The Gas Vans Did Not Exist

CLAIM: There are no contemporaneous documents proving the existence of gas vans. Therefore, they did not exist.

RESPONSE: Weckert is wrong. The gas vans did exist. The surviving documentations shows that they were designed and constructed in Berlin in late 1941 and early 1942 and sent to the Chelmno death camp and Einsatzgruppen units in the East to assist in the mass murder of Jews and others.

Mass Graves

80,000 People Cannot Be Buried In A Grave The Size Of A Henhouse

CLAIM: It is impossible that the Germans "buried roughly the equivalent to the stadium spectators of the Rose Bowl game" (about 80,000 people) in an area corresponding to the "size of a henhouse."

RESPONSE: Legal and modern forensic evidence show that the videomaker’s insinuations that the mass graves in Sobibor were about the same size as a "hen house" on the site are false. The facts are that there was plenty of room for both the graves and the incineration grills.

There Are No Mass Graves At Treblinka

CLAIM: There are no graves at all in the death camp of Treblinka in Poland.

RESPONSE: Krege’s assertion that the soil in Treblinka is undisturbed so there are no mass graves is false. He has only provided one image that purports to show the undisturbed ground at Treblinka but it has never been documented. Without the proper documentation we have no proof that the image was even taken at Treblinka.

Not Enough Room In The Camps For The Mass Graves

CLAIM: "At Treblinka, Belzec and Sobibor an estimated 1.38 million bodies were allegedly buried . . . The problem is that there isn’t enough burial space in the maps and models for that many bodies."

RESPONSE: The American Holocaust denier video-maker’s calculations are deliberately exaggerated to achieve his final goal of "proving" Treblinka, Belzec and Sobibor were transit camps and not death camps. His conclusions are based on faulty assumptions and as a result his conclusions are wrong.

There are no Mass Graves in Belzec

CLAIM: The excavations that located and mapped 33 mass graves at the Belzec death camp from 1977 to 2000 revealed only traces of whole human remains in them. These traces are the result of death by disease and hardship of a handful of Jews as they were being deported farther to the East-not a program of mass murder.

RESPONSE: The facts show that two separate investigations 60 years apart show that the remains of the bodies of at some 450,000 Jewish men, women and children are buried in Belzec. Their deaths were part of a campaign of systematic mass murder by the Germans and not just the result of death by disease or hardship during the deportation process.

Diesel Exhaust

Diesel Exhaust Contains Too Much Oxygen to Kill via Asphyxiation

CLAIM: Diesel engine exhaust contains 18% oxygen so that a human being cannot die from asphyxiation from exposure to the fumes.

RESPONSE: The key to the ability to kill a person with diesel engine exhaust is that, in addition to flooding the atmosphere with a soup of toxic gases including carbon monoxide, it robs the atmosphere of oxygen. The very study deniers cite as proof that diesel engine exhaust always contains 18% oxygen, shows the exact opposite is possible if the engine is run just slightly outside the manufacturer’s specifications. Berg distorts, manipulates and omits evidence to arrive at his foregone conclusion that diesel engine exhaust cannot kill people.

Diesel Engines Simply Were Not Appropriate Murder Devices

CLAIM: The idea of having used diesel engine exhaust to murder 1.5 million Jews in the gas vans and the gas chambers of the three death camps of Operation Reinhard in southeastern Poland is "idiotic" and "simply incredible."

RESPONSE: Carbon monoxide is deadly in very small concentrations-as little as 4/10 of one percent (0.4%) or 4,000 parts in 1,000,000. Although diesel engines do produce less carbon monoxide in their exhaust than do gasoline engines, they are equally as deadly as we will see in Part 2 of this series.

Germans Would Have Used Producer Gas Rather than Diesel Engines

CLAIM: The Germans would have used "producer gas" engines to murder people in the gas chambers and gas vans since they produce much more carbon monoxide in their exhaust than do diesel engines.

RESPONSE: In practice, producer gas engines or generators were too dangerous and ultimately less efficient than using readily available and easily-used gasoline or diesel engines. It does not follow that because the Germans chose to use gasoline or diesel engines and not producer gas engines or generators that the murder of some 1.5 million Jews never happened.

Only Gasoline Engines Would Run Dirty Enough to Kill

CLAIM: As the result of the work of Friedrich Berg, an American Holocaust denier, the "holocaust pundits" are "desperate" because they have "precious little" evidence regarding the murder of 1.5 million Jews in the Operation Reinhard camps using diesel engine exhaust.

RESPONSE: What the Holocaust deniers decry as the "holocaust specialists" changing their story in the middle of the stream in response to the challenges of the Holocaust deniers, is simply the normal and necessary correction of the historical record as more accurate information becomes available.

Smoke And Soot Can't Kill

CLAIM: The black smoke and soot in diesel exhaust, according to Friedrich Berg, an American Holocaust denier, would have ". . . annoyed the hell out of any group of intended victims, but would have given them nothing worse than a headache."

RESPONSE: The heavy smoke and soot in diesel engine exhaust can kill. While it is highly unlikely that smoke and soot would have been the sole cause of death in the gas vans and gas chambers it could have been a contributing factor taken together with the carbon monoxide, lack of oxygen, and several other toxic gases in diesel exhaust.

There is Not Enough Carbon Monoxide In Diesel Exhaust To Kill

CLAIM:Diesel engine exhaust "always" contains "less than 1% carbon monoxide."

RESPONSE: A diesel engine can easily be mistuned to produce a lethal amount of carbon monoxide.

Mass Incineration

Mass Incineration: Not Enough Room To Crush The Bones

CLAIM: There was not enough room in the extermination areas of the Operation Reinhard camps to crush the bones. The American Holocaust denier videomaker asks about Treblinka: "Where did they crush and sift the burnt remains of a population equivalent to San Francisco?"

RESPONSE: If this matter were not so gruesome and terrible, the American Holocaust denier videomaker’s scenario would be laughable. The American Holocaust denier videomaker has already demonstrated his tendency to make everything more complicated so that he can denounce it as unworkable. Sometimes the bones were crushed with machines and sometimes by hand. It was not a precision process but it worked. The contents of the mass graves in Belzec show that it happened.

Hindu Funeral Pyres Would Have Made Better Incinerators

CLAIM: If the design for the incineration grills had been similar to a Hindu funeral pyre that would have been more efficient because the remains rest directly on the wood because "as the wood sinks so does the body, the body staying close to the wood."

RESPONSE: In fact, Hindu funeral pyres are highly inefficient for the cremation of just one body, and a completely impractical model for incinerating thousands of bodies.

Mass Incineration of so many bodies would have produced too much ash to fit in the mass graves

CLAIM: The ash left over from the incineration of 600,000 bodies and the wood used to burn them would have filled the entire volume of the known mass graves with "60 railroad freight cars" left over.

RESPONSE: The amateur experiment used to recreate the scenario does not even remotely resemble the conditions in the mass incineration, and based on more accurate figures, the mass graves would have provided ample room for the ash produced.

Poland's cold and snowy weather would have inhibited the incineration process

CLAIM: The incineration grills would not have worked efficiently, given the snow, wind and rain in Poland, and there is no evidence that the Germans made any attempt to protect the incineration grills from the elements that would have slowed or entirely stopped the burning process.

RESPONSE: The reality is that Poland's climate is temperate, with average annual precipitation of only 18 to 24 inches in the region of the camps. This left ample time to burn on days that were not wet and windy. Combined with testimony of the flames reaching 30 feet into the air, the evidence points to the German incineration grills burning very effectively.

The Design of the Incineration Grills Would Not Have Worked

CLAIM: The design of the incineration grills in the death camps of Treblinka, Sobibor and Belzec was faulty and they would not have worked.

RESPONSE: The Germans built huge fixed-height grills made from concrete and steel railroad rails over a pit full of fuel soaked with gasoline or oil that were primitive but very effective.

The German Nazis would have used special alloy rails for the incineration pyres

CLAIM: The heat from the incineration fires would have melted the railroad rails used to construct the grills.

RESPONSE: Railroad rails are hardened during manufacturing to withstand the weight of heavily-loaded trains in all types of weather, and the fact that they occasionally melted during incineration supports accounts of the gruesome efficiency of the grills built by the Germans.

The bodies of Jewish victims would not have burned "on their own"

CLAIM: Witness accounts that claim that bodies burned "like wood" were wrong: bodies could not have burned on their own.

RESPONSE: Although bodies do not ignite entirely on their own, the Germans developed techniques to increase the efficiency of their process. They found, for instance, that well-nourished bodies and those with more fat content, such as women, burned better and so were put on the bottom layer of the incineration grill to increase combustion.

The incineration fires would have needed to much wood: Part 1 of 2

CLAIM: The incineration fires used to burn bodies in Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka would have required unfathomable amounts of wood to burn bodies in the numbers that are reported.

RESPONSE: In fact, half of the remains burned in the incineration fires were children and infants and a full two-thirds of all bodies were exhumed remains that had been buried for months, greatly reducing the actual mass that was burned. Therefore the estimates used by deniers to calculate the amount of wood needed were false.

The incineration fires would have needed to much wood: Part 2 of 2

CLAIM: In order to incinerate the 600,000 remains in Belzec, 96,000 tons of wood would have been needed: where did it come from?

RESPONSE: The estimates of the amount of wood needed that are used by Holocaust deniers are grossly inflated, and the actual amount of wood needed for the incineration correlates to the amount of deforestation in and around the camp site.

Where are the teeth that once belonged to that multitude of incineration victims

CLAIM: The murder of 1.8 million people in Operation Reinhard would have resulted in 55 million teeth at the grave sites, and yet no teeth have been found.

RESPONSE: Forensic dentists have found that after short periods of time in fires that are hot enough to incinerate bodies (between 1400 to 2100 degrees Fahrenheit), teeth are mostly destroyed or rendered weak enough to be easily broken down, which would have happened in the bone crushing procedure that followed the incineration fires.

==

2003 ed of bk on blog https://jewise.wordpress.com/the-hoax-of-the-twentieth-century-the-case-against-the-presumed-extermination-of-european-jewry/

==