Wahabi

<div></div><div>aha: arabs saudi corrupt murderous monarchy, extreme unequal, bad to women and immigrant labor, slaughter civilians in yemen, and burning down the world, chummy with trump and all bushes, bandar bush, poppy gulf 1 nahyirah, gulf 2 wmd bush shrub.</div><div>
</div><div>extract oil from ground, then extract $ from US</div><div>
</div><div>"resource curse" leads to consolodation of power and then corruption; in saudi monarchy already consolidated, tho sometime you gotta get rid of excess princes.</div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">PLUS indoctrinate wahabi jihadis?! 6 million kids</div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Wahhabism (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arabic</a>: الوهابية‎, al-Wahhābiya(h)) is an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam" title="Islam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Islamic</a> doctrine and religious movement founded by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[a]</a> It has been variously described as "ultraconservative", "far-right"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a> "austere",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-pbs-wahhabism-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> "fundamentalist",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-meforum-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> or "puritan (ical)";<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Kampeas-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Wahhabi-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a> as an Islamic "reform movement" to restore "pure <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotheistic" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">monotheistic</a> worship" (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">tawhid</a>) by devotees;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Commins-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a> and as a "deviant sectarian movement",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Commins-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a> "vile sect"<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-SatanicSimonValentine-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> and a distortion of Islam by its detractors.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-pbs-wahhabism-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Commins-viv-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a> The term Wahhabi(sm) is often used polemically and adherents commonly reject its use, preferring to be called <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Salafi</a> or muwahhid,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Wiktorowicz,Quintan_2006_p.235-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[10]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[11]</a> claiming to emphasize the principle of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">tawhid</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-GlasseIsl-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[12]</a> (the "uniqueness" and "unity" of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">God</a>)<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Esposito333-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a> or monotheism, dismissing other Muslims as practising <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirk(Islam)" title="Shirk (Islam)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">shirk</a> (idolatry).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-15" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[14]</a> It follows the theology of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" title="Ibn Taymiyyah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ibn Taymiyyah</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbali" title="Hanbali" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hanbali</a> school of jurisprudence, although Hanbali leaders renounced ibn Abd al-Wahhab's views.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Wahhabi-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></div>Wahhabism is named after an eighteenth-century preacher and activist, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a> (1703–1792).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-sells-16" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[15]</a> He started a reform movement in the remote, sparsely populated region of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najd" title="Najd" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Najd</a>,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-thinnly-17" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[16]</a> advocating a purging of such widespread Sunni practices as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">veneration of saints</a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziyarat" title="Ziyarat" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">visiting of their tombs and shrines</a>, that were practiced all over the Islamic world, but which he considered idolatrous impurities and innovations in Islam (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bid%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Bid'ah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">bid'ah</a>).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-global-wahhabi-18" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[17]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Esposito333-14" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[13]</a> Eventually he formed a pact with a local leader, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Saud" title="Muhammad bin Saud" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Muhammad bin Saud</a>, offering political obedience and promising that protection and propagation of the Wahhabi movement meant "power and glory" and rule of "lands and men".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-lacey-glory-19" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[18]</a>The alliance between followers of ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad bin Saud's successors (the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Saud" title="House of Saud" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">House of Saud</a>) proved to be a durable one. The House of Saud continued to maintain its politico-religious alliance with the Wahhabi sect through the waxing and waning of its own political fortunes over the next 150 years, through to its eventual proclamation of the Kingdom of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Saudi Arabia</a> in 1932, and then afterwards, on into modern times. Today Ibn Abd Al-Wahhab's teachings are the official, state-sponsored form of Sunni Islam<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-pbs-wahhabism-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Glasse-where-20" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[19]</a> in Saudi Arabia.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-demo-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a> With the help of funding from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_reserves_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Saudi petroleum exports</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Kepel-61-22" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[21]</a> (and other factors<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-ElFadl-70-23" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[22]</a>), the movement underwent "explosive growth" beginning in the 1970s and now has worldwide influence.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-pbs-wahhabism-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a> The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_State_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="US State Department" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">US State Department</a> has estimated that over the past four decades concerns in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Riyadh</a> have directed at least $10bn (£6bn) to select charitable foundations toward the subversion of mainstream <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sunni Islam</a> by Wahhabism.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[23]</a> (As of 2017 changes to Saudi religious policy by Crown Prince <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Salman" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad bin Salman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Muhammad bin Salman</a> have led some to suggest that "Islamists throughout the world will have to follow suit or risk winding up on the wrong side of orthodoxy".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-DAOUD-NYT-16-11-17-25" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[24]</a>)The "boundaries" of Wahhabism have been called "difficult to pinpoint",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-threat-define-26" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[25]</a> but in contemporary usage, the terms Wahhabi and Salafi are often used interchangeably, and they are considered to be movements with different roots that have merged since the 1960s.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Dillon-3-4-27" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[26]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-28" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[27]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-29" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[28]</a> However, Wahhabism has also been called "a particular orientation within Salafism",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-global-salafi-30" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[29]</a> or an ultra-conservative, Saudi brand of Salafism.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-washingtonpost.com-31" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[30]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-John_L.Esposito_p.54-32" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[31]</a> Estimates of the number of adherents to Wahhabism vary, with one source (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehrdad_Izady" title="Mehrdad Izady" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mehrdad Izady</a>) giving a figure of fewer than 5 million Wahhabis in the Persian Gulf region (compared to 28.5 million Sunnis and 89 million Shia).<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-demo-21" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[20]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-33" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[32]</a>The majority of Sunni and Shia Muslims worldwide disagree with the interpretation of Wahhabism, and many Muslims denounce them as a faction or a "vile sect".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-SatanicSimonValentine-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulema" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulema" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Islamic scholars</a>, including those from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Azhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Azhar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Al-Azhar</a> University, regularly denounce Wahhabism with terms such as "Satanic faith".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-34" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[33]</a> Wahhabism has been accused of being "a source of global terrorism",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Haider-35" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[34]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-senate-36" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[35]</a> inspiring the ideology of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant" title="Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant</a> (ISIL),<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-37" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[36]</a> and for causing disunity in Muslim communities by labelling Muslims who disagreed with the Wahhabi definition of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">monotheism</a> as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">apostates</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-commins-pivotal-38" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[37]</a> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takfir" title="Takfir" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">takfir</a>) and justifying their killing.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Blanchard-39" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[38]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Glasse-heretics-40" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[39]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Mouzahem-41" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[40]</a> It has also been criticized for the destruction of historic <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazaar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">shrines of saints</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">mausoleums</a>, and other Muslim and non-Muslim buildings and artifacts.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Rabasa_2004_103,note_60-42" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[41]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-TI-43" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[42]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-finn-destruction-44" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[43]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; z-index: -1; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;">
</div><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Definitions_and_etymology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1Definitions and etymology</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Definitions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.1Definitions</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Etymology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.2Etymology</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Naming_controversy:Wahhabis,Muwahhidun,and_Salafis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.3Naming controversy: Wahhabis, Muwahhidun, and Salafis</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Wahhabis_and_Salafis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1.4Wahhabis and Salafis</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2History</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Muhammad_ibn_Abd-al-Wahhab" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.1Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Alliance_with_the_House_of_Saud" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.2Alliance with the House of Saud</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Abdul-Aziz_Ibn_Saud" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.3Abdul-Aziz Ibn Saud</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Connection_with_the_outside" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.4Connection with the outside</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Growth" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.5Growth</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Petroleum_export_era" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.6Petroleum export era</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Afghanistan_jihad" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.7Afghanistan jihad</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#%22Erosion%22_of_Wahhabism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8"Erosion" of Wahhabism</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Islamic_Revolution_in_Iran" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8.1Islamic Revolution in Iran</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Grand_Mosque_seizure" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8.2Grand Mosque seizure</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#1990_Gulf_War" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8.31990 Gulf War</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#After_9/11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8.4After 9/11</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Muhammad_bin_Salman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.8.5Muhammad bin Salman</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Memoirs_of_Mr.Hempher" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">2.9Memoirs of Mr. Hempher</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Practices" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3Practices</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Commanding_right_and_forbidding_wrong" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.1Commanding right and forbidding wrong</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Appearance" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.2Appearance</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Wahhabiyya_mission" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.3Wahhabiyya mission</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Regions" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">3.4Regions</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Views" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4Views</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Theology" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.1Theology</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Jurisprudence(fiqh)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.2Jurisprudence (fiqh)</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Loyalty_and_disassociation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.3Loyalty and disassociation</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Politics" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">4.4Politics</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Population" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">5Population</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Notable_leaders" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">6Notable leaders</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#International_influence_and_propagation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7International influence and propagation</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Explanation_for_influence" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7.1Explanation for influence</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Funding_factor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7.2Funding factor</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Militant_and_political_Islam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">7.3Militant and political Islam</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Criticism_and_controversy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8Criticism and controversy</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Criticism_by_other_Muslims" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.1Criticism by other Muslims</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Initial_opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2Initial opposition</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Shi'a_opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.1Shi'a opposition</a></li><li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Sunni_opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2Sunni opposition</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-42" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Egypt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.1Egypt</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-43" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Morocco" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.2Morocco</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-44" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Kuwait" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.3Kuwait</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-45" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Turkey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.4Turkey</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-46" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Indonesia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.5Indonesia</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-47" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Malaysia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.6Malaysia</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-48" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#South_Asia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.7South Asia</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-49" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Somalia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.8Somalia</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-50" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Lebanon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.9Lebanon</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-51" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#United_States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.10United States</a></li><li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-52" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#2016_joint_fatwa_in_Chechnya" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.2.2.112016 joint fatwa in Chechnya</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-53" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Non-religious_motivations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.3Non-religious motivations</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-54" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Wahhabism_in_the_United_States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.4Wahhabism in the United States</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-55" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#European_expansion" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.5European expansion</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-56" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Destruction_of_Islam's_early_historical_sites" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">8.6Destruction of Islam's early historical sites</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-57" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">9See also</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-58" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10References</a><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-59" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10.1Notes</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-60" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Citations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">10.2Citations</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-61" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Further_reading" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">11Further reading</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-62" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">12External links</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;">Definitions and etymology</h2><div>...</div><div><h3 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Initial opposition[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wahhabism&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Initial opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>The first people to oppose Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab were his father, Abd al-Wahhab and his brother, Salman Ibn Abd al-Wahhab who was an Islamic scholar and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadi" title="Qadi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">qadi</a>. Ibn Abd al-Wahhab's brother wrote a book in refutation of his brother's new teachings, called: "The Final Word from the Qur'an, the Hadith, and the Sayings of the Scholars Concerning the School of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab", also known as: "Al-Sawa`iq al-Ilahiyya fi Madhhab al-Wahhabiyya" ("The Divine Thunderbolts Concerning the Wahhabi School").<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-kingdom-348" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[347]</a>In "The Refutation of Wahhabism in Arabic Sources, 1745–1932",<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-kingdom-348" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[347]</a> Hamadi Redissi provides original references to the description of Wahhabis as a divisive sect (firqa) and outliers (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharijites" class="mw-redirect" title="Kharijites" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kharijites</a>) in communications between Ottomans and Egyptian Khedive Muhammad Ali. Redissi details refutations of Wahhabis by scholars (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mufti" title="Mufti" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">muftis</a>); among them Ahmed Barakat Tandatawin, who in 1743 describes Wahhabism as ignorance (Jahala).<h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Shi'a opposition[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wahhabism&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Shi'a opposition" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a>]</h4><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See also: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_of_al-Baqi" title="Demolition of al-Baqi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Demolition of al-Baqi</a></div>
Shi'a Muslims complain that Wahhabis and their teachings are a driving force behind sectarian violence and anti-Shia targeted killings in many countries such as Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Bahrain, Yemen. Worldwide, Saudis run sponsored mosques and Islamic schools teaching the Wahhabi version of Sunni Islam that labels Shia Muslims, Sufis, Christians, Jews and others as either apostates or infidels, thus paving a way for armed jihad against them by any means necessary till their death or submission to the Wahhabi doctrine. Wahhabis consider Shi'ites to be the archenemies of Islam.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-352" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[351]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-353" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[352]</a>In 1801 and 1802, the Saudi Wahhabis under <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Aziz_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_Saud" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Abdul Aziz ibn Muhammad ibn Saud</a> attacked and captured the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Shia</a> cities of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Karbala</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najaf" title="Najaf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Najaf</a> in Iraq and destroyed the tombs of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husayn_ibn_Ali" title="Husayn ibn Ali" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Husayn ibn Ali</a>, who is the grandson of Muhammad, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali" title="Ali" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ali</a> (Ali bin Abu Talib), the son-in-law of Muhammad (see: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#Saudi_sponsorship" title="Wahhabism" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Saudi sponsorship</a> mentioned previously). In 1803 and 1804 the Saudis captured Mecca and Madinah and demolished various tombs of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ahl al-Bayt</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahabah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sahabah</a>, ancient monuments, ruins according to Wahhabis, they "removed a number of what were seen as sources or possible gateways to polytheism or <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirk(Islam)" title="Shirk (Islam)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">shirk</a>" – such as the tomb of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimah" title="Fatimah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Fatimah</a>, the daughter of Muhammad. In 1998 the Saudis bulldozed and poured petroleum over the grave of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminah_bint_Wahb" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminah bint Wahb" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Aminah bint Wahb</a>, the mother of Muhammad, causing resentment throughout the Muslim World.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-islamicamagazine.com-349" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[348]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-A_Paladin_Gears_Up_for_War-350" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[349]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-Saudi's_Shi'ites_walk_tightrope-351" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[350]</a><h4 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;">Sunni opposition</h4>Wahhabism has been vehemently criticized by many mainstream Sunni Muslims and continues to be condemned by many prominent traditional Sunni scholars for being a "heretical and violent" innovation within Sunni Islam.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism#cite_note-SatanicSimonValentine-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157">https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157</a></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">...In 1815, Wahhabi forces were crushed by the Egyptians (acting on the Ottoman’s behalf) in a decisive battle. In 1818, the Ottomans captured and destroyed the Wahhabi capital of Dariyah. The first Saudi state was no more. The few remaining Wahhabis withdrew into the desert to regroup, and there they remained, quiescent for most of the 19th century.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">HISTORY RETURNS WITH ISIS</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">It is not hard to understand how the founding of the Islamic State by ISIS in contemporary Iraq might resonate amongst those who recall this history. Indeed, the ethos of 18th century Wahhabism did not just wither in Nejd, but it roared back into life when the Ottoman Empire collapsed amongst the chaos of World War I. </div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">The Al Saud — in this 20th century renaissance — were led by the laconic and politically astute Abd-al Aziz, who, on uniting the fractious Bedouin tribes, launched the Saudi “Ikhwan” in the spirit of Abd-al Wahhab’s and Ibn Saud’s earlier fighting proselytisers.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">The Ikhwan was a reincarnation of the early, fierce, semi-independent vanguard movement of committed armed Wahhabist “moralists” who almost had succeeded in seizing Arabia by the early 1800s. In the same manner as earlier, the Ikhwan again succeeded in capturing Mecca, Medina and Jeddah between 1914 and 1926. Abd-al Aziz, however, began to feel his wider interests to be threatened by the revolutionary “Jacobinism” exhibited by the Ikhwan. The Ikhwan revolted — leading to a civil war that lasted until the 1930s, when the King had them put down: he machine-gunned them.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">For this king, (Abd-al Aziz), the simple verities of previous decades were eroding. Oil was being discovered in the peninsular. Britain and America were courting Abd-al Aziz, but still were inclined to support Sharif Husain as the only legitimate ruler of Arabia. The Saudis needed to develop a more sophisticated diplomatic posture. </div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">So Wahhabism was forcefully changed from a movement of revolutionary <a href="http://www.amazon.com/The-Two-Faces-Islam-Fundamentalism/dp/1400030455" rel="nofollow" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">jihad </a> and theological takfiri purification, to a movement of conservative social, political, theological, and religious da’wa (Islamic call) and to justifying the institution that upholds loyalty to the royal Saudi family and the King’s absolute power.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">OIL WEALTH SPREAD WAHHABISM</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">With the advent of the oil bonanza — as the French scholar, Giles Kepel <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Jihad-The-Trail-Political-Islam/dp/0674010906" rel="nofollow" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">writes</a>, Saudi goals were to “reach out and spread Wahhabism across the Muslim world ... to “Wahhabise” Islam, thereby reducing the “multitude of voices within the religion” to a “single creed” — a movement which would transcend national divisions. Billions of dollars were — and continue to be — invested in this manifestation of soft power.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">It was this heady mix of billion dollar soft power projection — and the Saudi willingness to manage Sunni Islam both to further America’s interests, as it concomitantly embedded Wahhabism educationally, socially and culturally throughout the lands of Islam — that brought into being a western policy dependency on Saudi Arabia, a dependency that has endured since Abd-al Aziz’s meeting with Roosevelt on a U.S. warship (returning the president from the Yalta Conference) until today.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">Westerners looked at the Kingdom and their gaze was taken by the wealth; by the apparent modernization; by the professed leadership of the Islamic world. They chose to presume that the Kingdom was bending to the imperatives of modern life — and that the management of Sunni Islam would bend the Kingdom, too, to modern life.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><blockquote class="pull-quote" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 5px 0px 25px; padding: 15px 40px; border: none; line-height: 1.5em; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; overflow-wrap: break-word;">On the one hand, ISIS is deeply Wahhabist. On the other hand, it is ultra radical in a different way. It could be seen essentially as a corrective movement to contemporary Wahhabism.</blockquote></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">But the Saudi Ikhwan approach to Islam did not die in the 1930s. It retreated, but it maintained its hold over parts of the system — hence the duality that we observe today in the Saudi attitude towards ISIS. </div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">On the one hand, ISIS is deeply Wahhabist. On the other hand, it is ultra radical in a different way. It could be seen essentially as a corrective movement to contemporary Wahhabism. </div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">ISIS is a “post-Medina” movement: it looks to the actions of the first two Caliphs, rather than the Prophet Muhammad himself, as a source of emulation, and it forcefully denies the Saudis’ claim of authority to rule.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">As the Saudi monarchy blossomed in the oil age into an ever more inflated institution, the appeal of the Ikhwan message gained ground (despite King Faisal’s modernization campaign). The “Ikhwan approach” enjoyed — and still enjoys — the support of many prominent men and women and sheikhs. In a sense, Osama bin Laden was precisely the representative of a late flowering of this Ikhwani approach.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">Today, ISIS’ undermining of the legitimacy of the King’s legitimacy is not seen to be problematic, but rather a return to the true origins of the Saudi-Wahhab project.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">In the collaborative management of the region by the Saudis and the West in pursuit of the many western projects (countering socialism, Ba’athism, Nasserism, Soviet and Iranian influence), western politicians have highlighted their chosen reading of Saudi Arabia (wealth, modernization and influence), but they chose to ignore the Wahhabist impulse. </div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">After all, the more radical Islamist movements were perceived by Western intelligence services as being more effective in toppling the USSR in Afghanistan — and in combatting out-of-favor Middle Eastern leaders and states.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">Why should we be surprised then, that from Prince Bandar’s Saudi-Western mandate to manage the insurgency in Syria against President Assad should have emerged a neo-Ikhwan type of violent, fear-inducing vanguard movement: ISIS? And why should we be surprised — knowing a little about Wahhabism — that “moderate” insurgents in Syria would become rarer than a mythical unicorn? Why should we have imagined that radical Wahhabism would create moderates? Or why could we imagine that a doctrine of “One leader, One authority, One mosque: submit to it, or be killed” could ever ultimately lead to moderation or tolerance? </div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">Or, perhaps, we never imagined.</div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" style="box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;">This article is Part I of Alastair Crooke’s historical analysis of the roots of ISIS and its impact on the future of the Middle East. Read Part II <a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-aim-saudi-arabia_b_5748744" rel="nofollow" target="hplink" style="box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">here</a>.</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">=</div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px;"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFSgAMBZ6BAgDEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFjAWegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFjAWegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFjAWegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Analyses - Wahhabism | PBS - Saudi Time Bomb ...</a></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.pbs.org › wgbh › pages › frontline › shows › wahhabism</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=wahabi&oq=wahabi&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.4538j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b22" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQ7B0wFnoECAMQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQqR8wFnoECAMQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:u7LCrqjR2JYJ:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html+&cd=23&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:u7LCrqjR2JYJ:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html%2B%26cd%3D23%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQIDAWegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:u7LCrqjR2JYJ:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html+&cd=23&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:u7LCrqjR2JYJ:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html%2B%26cd%3D23%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQIDAWegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">For more than two centuries, Wahhabism has been Saudi Arabia's dominant faith. It is an austere form of Islam that insists on a literal interpretation of the Koran.</a></div><div data-base-uri="/search" id="ed_7" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQ2Z0BMBZ6BAgDEAY" /><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px;"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFSgAMBd6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:u7LCrqjR2JYJ:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html+&cd=23&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:u7LCrqjR2JYJ:https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/saudi/analyses/wahhabism.html%2B%26cd%3D23%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQIDAWegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"></a><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFjAXegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFjAXegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQFjAXegQIARAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">You Can't Understand ISIS If You Don't Know the History of ...</a></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30 bc" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.huffpost.com › entry › isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=wahabi&oq=wahabi&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i61.4538j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b23" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQ7B0wF3oECAEQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQqR8wF3oECAEQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:U5q76k3kaKkJ:https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157+&cd=24&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:U5q76k3kaKkJ:https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157%2B%26cd%3D24%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQIDAXegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:U5q76k3kaKkJ:https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157+&cd=24&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:U5q76k3kaKkJ:https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157%2B%26cd%3D24%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQIDAXegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">Aug 27, 2014 - BEIRUT — The dramatic arrival of Da'ish (ISIS) on the stage of Iraq has shocked many in the West. Many have been perplexed — and horrified ...</a></div></div></div></div></div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:U5q76k3kaKkJ:https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157+&cd=24&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:U5q76k3kaKkJ:https://www.huffpost.com/entry/isis-wahhabism-saudi-arabia_b_5717157%2B%26cd%3D24%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjf49D-ve_lAhUOT6wKHSV8D_oQIDAXegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;">===</a></div></div></div></div>