acsh2bak
<div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> this is main</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See also Am Council duplicate</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see also Wheelan, acsh tag</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">capt 10/17</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Alex Berezow is the Vice President of Scientific Affairs of the American Council on Science and Health.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><h1 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="EXTERNAL_LINKS"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EXTERNAL LINKS</font></span></h1><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Desmog Blog, page on <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Council_on_Science_and_Health" title="American Council on Science and Health" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Council on Science and Health</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">BMJ article on <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Council_on_Science_and_Health" title="American Council on Science and Health" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Council on Science and Health</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">US Right to Know, page on <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Council_on_Science_and_Health" title="American Council on Science and Health" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Council on Science and Health</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background: none rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><span class="mw-headline" id="SOURCES"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SOURCES</font></span></h2><div class="mw-references-wrap" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_ref-1" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">American Council on Science and Health, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.acsh.org/profile/alex-berezow" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px;">[1]</a>, organizational website, accessed March 2019.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Desmog Blog, American Council on Science and Health, Accessed March 2019 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.desmogblog.com/american-council-science-and-health" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">https://www.desmogblog.com/american-council-science-and-health</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">BMJ, Lobby Watch: American Council on Science and Health Accessed March 2019</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Alex_Berezow#cite_ref-4" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The American Council on Science and Health is a Corporate Front Group, Accessed March 2019 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/why-you-cant-trust-the-american-council-on-science-and-health/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns=%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22 width=%2212%22 height=%2212%22%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 stroke=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M1.5 4.518h5.982V10.5H1.5z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%2336c%22 d=%22M5.765 1H11v5.39L9.427 7.937l-1.31-1.31L5.393 9.35l-2.69-2.688 2.81-2.808L4.2 2.544z%22/%3E %3Cpath fill=%22%23fff%22 d=%22M9.995 2.004l.022 4.885L8.2 5.07 5.32 7.95 4.09 6.723l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z%22/%3E %3C/svg%3E"); padding-right: 13px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/why-you-cant-trust-the-american-council-on-science-and-health/</a></span></font></li></ol></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.prwatch.org/news/2019/01/13440/corporate-front-group-american-council-science-and-health-smears-list-its-enemies">https://www.prwatch.org/news/2019/01/13440/corporate-front-group-american-council-science-and-health-smears-list-its-enemies</a></font></div><div><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden" style="word-spacing: 3.6px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">he industry front group American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) has created a clunky new website containing an intriguing list of its enemies.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You may find a few folks you know vilified there.</font></p><p style="margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">DeniersForHire.com</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> was created in 2016, according to a proxy-cloaked </span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/images/1/1d/%20DeniersForHire.com_ICANN_WHOIS.pdf" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">WHOIS listing</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. The site </span><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180609195837/https://www.deniersforhire.com/" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">was funded</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> by ACSH and edited by </span><a href="https://geneticliteracyproject.org/our-team/" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">Cameron English</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, who currently works for the Genetic Literacy Project (GLP). GLP is another industry front group, run by chemical company PR agent </span><a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jon_Entine" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">Jon Entine</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, who has long partnered with ACSH to defend the agrochemical industry. Entine blogs frequently on the ACSH site.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The "deniers" site hyperbolically states as its goal "to expose and neutralize anti-science activist threats to humanity" and features profiles of those who have been thorns in the side of the chemical industry and related groups: scientists, journalists, lawyers, policy experts, and non-profits. Among the "threats to humanity" is <em>New York Times</em> Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Eric Lipton.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>On the site, ACSH adopts language used by pro-science, consumer, and environmental groups to smear pro-science, consumer, and environmental groups. The term "deniers," for instance, invokes the phrase "climate change denier.</b>"</font></p><p style="margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>The website also calls the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) a "dark money group" </b>even though the group spends zero money in campaigns and elections. It calls the Organic Consumers Association -- which has long pushed for strict organic standards disavowing GMOs, radiation, and sludge -- an "industry front group."</font></p><p style="margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"><b>Smeared by the site are scientists Tyrone Hayes, Stephanie Seneff, and Gilles-Éric Séralini; </b><em>New York Times</em> reporter Danny Hakim and columnist Mark Bittman; well-known food and science writer Michael Pollan; nutrition and food studies professor Marion Nestle; public interest groups like U.S. Right to Know, Greenpeace, Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), Sierra Club, the Environmental Working Group, and Union of Concerned Scientists; past and present CMD staff, and many other individuals ACSH does not like</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Greenpeace Research Specialist Connor Gibson says of the site: "Imitation is the most sincere form of flattery. I'll take it as a compliment to those of us who expose industry hacks posing as independent experts that industry shills are attempting to mimic good opposition research in an attempt to get the spotlight off of themselves."</font></p><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Deniers for Hire" Site Created by Industry Front Group</font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Where the "Deniers for Hire" site now says, at the bottom of each page, just "copyright 2018 | MH Newsdesk Lite by MH Themes,"<b> it once stated more clearly, "funded by the non-profit pro-science consumer advocacy group American Council on Science and Health," as revealed by <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180609195837/https://www.deniersforhire.com/" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">archives of the site</a> on the WayBack Machine.</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has long been notorious as an industry front group, funded by the seed and chemical giant Monsanto, among others. Ralph Nader was quoted in a <a href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zIyAtgAACAAJ" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">1991 book</a> on corporate front groups as saying, "A consumer group is an organization which advocates the interests of unrepresented consumers and must either maintain its own intellectual independence or be directly accountable to its membership. In contrast, ACSH is a consumer front organization for its business backers. It has seized the language and style of the existing consumer organizations, but its real purpose, you might say, is to glove the hand that feeds it."</font></p><p style="margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ACSH solicits funding from corporations and has defended a number of dubious products over the years, including DDT, asbestos, and Agent Orange. ACSH has been known to call environmentalists and consumer activists "<a href="https://business.financialpost.com/opinion/toxic-terrorists-ignore-organic-food-threat" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">terrorists</a>."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gary Ruskin, Co-Director of U.S. Right to Know said the website "seems typical of ACSH's work: attacks on those who question or criticize powerful corporations, brimming with hyperbole and errors of fact." He called it "wholly unsurprising," "standard corporate PR tactics" of an "increasingly desperate" agrochemical industry.</font></p><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 2em; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ties to Jon Entine's GLP</font></h2><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Cameron English</b>, whose biography calls him "the editor at Deniers for Hire, a project of the American Council on Science and Health," later went on to be "Senior Agricultural Genetics and Special Projects Editor" at GLP run by PR flack Jon Entine.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GLP is another industry front group, one which companies like Monsanto use "as platforms of support for industry spokespersons" in order to discredit such targets as the World Health Organization, according to a 2018 U.S. Congressional <a href="https://science.house.gov/sites/democrats.science.house.gov/files/documents/02.06.18%20-%20Spinning%20Science%20and%20Silencing%20Scientists_0.pdf" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">report</a>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Entine is a former producer with NBC and ABC News, whose books attacked the idea of socially responsible investing and the precautionary principle (Let Them Eat Precaution). He went on to join the American Enterprise Institute and has been "c<b>ultivated" by corporations like <a href="https://www.prwatch.org/news/2012/02/11277/syngenta-pr%E2%80%99s-weed-killer-spin-machine-investigating-press-and-shaping-news-about" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">Syngenta</a> </b>(maker of pesticides, genetically engineered crop varieties, and more) as a trusted "third party" to accomplish items on their public relations wish lists.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The GLP website is owned by Entine's PR firm, <a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Esg-Mediametrics-DB-Duns-Market-Identifiers-Plus-US.pdf" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">ESG MediaMetrics</a>, according to its <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/images/8/84/GLP_ICANN_WHOIS.pdf" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">WHOIS data</a>. The website for ESG MediaMetrics has been removed, but archived versions of the firm's site show that its <a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/ESG_MediaMetrics_clients.png" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">clients</a> include Monsanto, the <b>Vinyl Institute, and Merisant, a Monsanto spin-off that manufactured artificial sweeteners.</b></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Both ACSH and GLP are listed as "industry partners" in <a href="https://dn9ly4f9mxjxv.cloudfront.net/app/uploads/2018/02/04154600/industry-partners.pdf" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">internal Monsanto documents</a>. And the targets of ACSH's "Deniers for Hire" "are also targets of the GLP," <a href="https://www.gmwatch.org/en/news/latest-news/18507-the-three-stooges-of-science-denial-the-genetic-literacy-project-sense-about-science-and-stats" rel="noopener" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(204, 51, 51) 0px 3px 0px 0px; transition: all 500ms ease-in-out 0s;">according to GMWatch</a> (another target of the site).</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. Right to Know's Ruskin told CMD of being targeted by the site, "We laugh about it... It's just what happens these days when you try to stand up for consumers or public health."</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 1.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mary Bottari contributed to this article.</font></p></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-13 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden" style="background: url("/sites/all/themes/prw/images/tag_blue.png") left 50% no-repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6em; margin: 10px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; word-spacing: 3.6px;"><div class="field-items"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.prwatch.org/topics/environment" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Environment</a></font></div><div class="field-item odd" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="https://www.prwatch.org/topics/public-relations/front-groups" style="text-decoration-line: none;">Front Groups</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-taxonomy-vocabulary-12 field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-hidden" style="background: url("/sites/all/themes/prw/images/tag_red.png") left 50% no-repeat scroll rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 20px; word-spacing: 3.6px;"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" style="display: inline-block; padding-right: 1em;"><a href="https://www.prwatch.org/news-types/news" style="text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">News</font></a></div></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">11 21 grab acsh</font></font></font></font></div><div>
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</div><div>Normally a reliable source of information, Live Science published an article that is a dream for anti-pesticide and anti-chemical fearmongers.</div><div>Read more</div><div> </div><div><b>CNN's Christiane Amanpour Misleads on Flint Water Crisis [recall BSS elsewhere on pb]</b></div><div>
</div><div>The recent reporting on Flint's water crisis by CNN's Christiane Amanpour has a tenuous grasp of the data and the reality. </div><div>Read more</div><div> </div><div>New Study Refutes the 'Wine Will Kill You' Nonsense</div><div>
</div><div>A few weeks ago, a paper claimed that an extra glass of wine will shorten your life. The story circled the globe in minutes. A new paper, with better methodology, concluded what we all knew: Moderate alcohol consumption can be integrated into a healthy lifestyle. It, however, won't receive nearly as much attention as the sensationalist report. Such is the power of the academic PR hype machine combined with a gullible, sensationalist press.</div><div>Read more</div><div> </div><div>Diarrhea Outbreaks: A Glimpse into Anti-Vaxxer Utopia</div><div>
</div><div>Despite the reality of measles, rotavirus, and a plethora of other infectious diseases, there's yet another anti-vaccine movement afoot in California. And its aim is to turn the clock back to the 10th Century.</div><div>Read more</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</div><div><a href="https://usrtk.org/our-investigations/american-council-on-science-and-health/">https://usrtk.org/our-investigations/american-council-on-science-and-health/</a></div><div>
</div><div>The American Council on Science and Health is a Corporate Front Group</div><div>PrintEmailShareTweet</div><div>Posted on August 12, 2018 by Gary Ruskin</div><div>Updated in July 2019</div><div>
</div><div>The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) calls itself a “pro-science consumer advocacy organization” and media outlets often quote the group as an independent science source; however, documents described in this fact sheet establish that ACSH is corporate front group that solicits money from tobacco, chemical, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other companies in exchange for defending and promoting their products. The group does not disclose its funding.</div><div>
</div><div>Key documents:</div><div>
</div><div>Emails from 2015 released via discovery reveal that Monsanto funded ACSH and asked the group to help defend glyphosate.</div><div>Leaked financial documents from 2012 establish that ACSH solicits money from corporations for product defense campaigns. Donors include a wide array of companies and industry groups.</div><div>Emails from 2009 show that ACSH solicited $100,000 from Syngenta to write a paper and book about Syngenta’s pesticide atrazine. In 2011, ACSH released a book by Jon Entine similar to the project described in the email.</div><div>Syngenta and Monsanto have been regular contributors to ACSH over the years, the emails show.</div><div>Monsanto funds ACSH to defend Monsanto products</div><div>Emails released in April 2019 reveal that Monsanto agreed to fund ACSH in 2015 and asked the group to help defend glyphosate from cancer concerns raised by the International Agency for Research. ACSH agreed to do so, and later attacked the cancer report as a “scientific fraud.” The emails illuminate ACSH’s reliance on corporate funding and efforts to please its funders. ACSH’s former acting director Gil Ross (who spent time in jail for Medicaid fraud) wrote to a Monsanto executive, “Each and every day, we work hard to prove our worth to companies such as Monsanto.” Ross wrote:</div><div>
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</div><div>Emails also show that Monsanto executives paid ACSH despite their discomfort with the group. Monsanto’s senior science lead Daniel Goldstein championed ACSH to his colleagues, and sent them links to 53 ACSH articles, two books and a pesticide review he described as as “EXTREMELY USEFUL.” Goldstein wrote:</div><div>
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</div><div>Key player in Monsanto’s propaganda network</div><div>An award-winning investigation by Le Monde into Monsanto’s “war on science” to defend glyphosate named the American Council on Science and Health among the “well known propaganda websites” that played a key role in attacking the scientists who raised cancer concerns. In May 2017, plaintiffs’ attorneys suing Monsanto over glyphosate cancer concerns stated in a brief: “Monsanto quietly funnels money to ‘think tanks’ such as the ‘Genetic Literacy Project’ and the ‘American Council on Science and Health,’ organizations intended to shame scientists and highlight information helpful to Monsanto and other chemical producers.”</div><div>
</div><div>Emails obtained by U.S. Right to Know reveal that Monsanto initially chose ACSH to publish a series of pro-GMO papers that were assigned to professors by Monsanto and “merchandized” by a PR firm to heavily promote them as independent. Monsanto executive Eric Sachs wrote to the professors: “To ensure that the papers have the greatest impact, the American Council for Science and Health is partnering with CMA Consulting to drive the project. The completed policy briefs will be offered on the ACSH website … CMA and ACSH also will merchandize the policy briefs, including the development of media specific materials, such as op-eds, blog postings, speaking engagements, events, webinars, etc.” The papers were eventually published by Genetic Literacy Project with no disclosure of Monsanto’s role.</div><div>
</div><div>In a report from the U.S. House of Representatives, congressional investigators stated that Monsanto uses “industry trade groups, such as CropLife and industry front groups, such as Genetic Literacy Project and Academics Review as platforms of support for industry spokespersons.”</div><div>
</div><div>Leaked ACSH docs reveal corporate-defense funding strategy</div><div>A leaked 2012 ACSH financial summary reported by Mother Jones revealed that ACSH has received funding from a large number of corporations and industry groups with a financial stake in the science messaging ACSH promotes — and showed how ACSH solicits corporate donations for quid pro quo product-defense campaigns. For example, the document outlines:</div><div>
</div><div>Plans to pitch the Vinyl Institute which “previously supported chlorine and health report”</div><div>Plans to pitch food companies for a messaging campaign to oppose GMO labeling</div><div>Plans to pitch cosmetic companies to counter “reformulation pressures” from the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics</div><div>Efforts to court tobacco and e-cigarette companies</div><div>Mother Jones reported, “ACSH’s donors and the potential backers the group has been targeting comprise a who’s-who of energy, agriculture, cosmetics, food, soda, chemical, pharmaceutical, and tobacco corporations.” Funding details:</div><div>
</div><div>ACSH donors in the second half of 2012 included Chevron, Coca-Cola, the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, Dr. Pepper/Snapple, Bayer Cropscience, Procter and Gamble, Syngenta, 3M, McDonald’s, and tobacco conglomerate Altria. ACSH also pursued financial support from Pepsi, Monsanto, British American Tobacco, DowAgro, ExxonMobil Foundation, Philip Morris International, Reynolds American, the Koch family-controlled Claude R. Lambe Foundation, the Dow-linked Gerstacker Foundation, the Bradley Foundation and Searle Freedom Trust.</div><div>Reynolds American and Phillip Morris International were the two largest donors listed in the documents.</div><div>Syngenta funding, Syngenta defense</div><div>In 2011, ACSH published a book about “chemophobia” written by Jon Entine, who is now the executive director of the Genetic Literacy Project, another front group that works with Monsanto. Entine’s ACSH book defended atrazine, a pesticide manufactured by Syngenta, which was funding ACSH.</div><div>
</div><div>A 2012 Mother Jones article describes the circumstances leading up to the book. The article by Tom Philpott, based in part on internal company documents obtained by the Center for Media and Democracy, describes Syngenta’s PR efforts to get third-party allies to spin media coverage of atrazine.</div><div>
</div><div>In one email from 2009, ACSH staff asked Syngenta for an additional $100,000 – “separate and distinct from general operating support Syngenta has been so generously providing over the years” – to produce an atrazine-friendly paper and “consumer-friendly booklet” to help educate media and scientists.</div><div>
</div><div>Email from ASCH staffer Gil Ross to Syngenta about proposed atrazine project:</div><div>
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</div><div>A year and a half later, ACSH published Entine’s book with a press release that sounds similar to the project Ross described in his solicitation email to Syngenta: “The American Council on Science and Health is pleased to announce a new book and companion friendly, abbreviated position paper” in response to the “irrational fear of chemicals.” Author Jon Entine denied any relationship with Syngenta and told Philpott he had “no idea” Syngenta was funding ACSH.</div><div>
</div><div>ACSH personnel</div><div>ACSH’s longtime “Medical/Executive Director” Dr. Gilbert Ross was convicted in a scheme to defraud the Medicaid system prior to joining ACSH. See court documents about Dr. Ross’ multiple fraud convictions and sentencing, and article in Mother Jones “Paging Dr. Ross” (2005). Dr. Ross was found to be a “highly untrustworthy individual” by a judge who sustained the exclusion of Dr. Ross from Medicaid for 10 years (see additional references and court document).</div><div>In June 2015, Hank Campbell took over ACSH leadership from acting president (and convicted felon) Dr. Gilbert Ross. Campbell worked for software development companies before starting the website Science 2.0 in 2006. In his 2012 book with Alex Berezow, “Science Left Behind: Feel Good Fallacies and the Rise of the Anti Science Left,” Campbell describes his background: “six years ago… I decided I wanted to write science on the Internet … with nothing but enthusiasm and a concept, I approached world famous people about helping me reshape how science could be done, and they did it for free.” Campbell left suddenly under unknown circumstances in December 2018. Read more about Campbell here.</div><div>Campbell’s book co-author, Alex Berezow, is now vice president of scientific affairs at ACSH. He is a founding editor of Real Clear Science and is on the USA Today editorial board of contributors but USA Today does not disclose Berezow’s ACSH affiliation or ACSH’s corporate funding despite repeated complaints (more info below).</div><div>Leaders and advisors: tobacco ties and climate science denial </div><div>The ACSH board of trustees includes Fred L. Smith Jr., founder of the Competitive Enterprises Institute, a leading promoter of climate science denial and a group that has received millions of dollars from Exxon Mobile and dark money funding vehicle Donors Trust. Smith and CEI also have a history of fighting against tobacco regulations and soliciting money from the tobacco industry, according to documents from the UCSF Truth Tobacco Industry Documents archive. </div><div>
</div><div>James Enstrom and Geoffrey Kabat, two epidemiologists who took money from tobacco companies and wrote studies defending tobacco products, also have ACSH ties. Dr. Enstrom is a member of the ACSH board of trustees and Dr. Kabat serves on the “health board of scientific advisors“. Both scientists have “long standing financial and other working relationships with the tobacco industry,” according to a paper in BMJ Tobacco Control.</div><div>
</div><div>In a widely cited 2003 paper in BMJ, Kabat and Enstrom concluded that secondhand smoke does not increase the risk of lung cancer and heart disease. The study was sponsored in part by the Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR), a tobacco industry group. Although that funding was disclosed, a follow-up analysis in BMJ Tobacco Control found that the disclosures by Enstrom and Kabat “did not provide the reader with a full picture of the tobacco industry’s involvement with the study authors.” The paper details numerous financial ties between Enstrom and the tobacco industry.</div><div>
</div><div>Enstrom countered these claims in a 2007 article in Epidemiological Perspectives and Innovation, arguing that his funding and competing interests were clearly and accurately described in the 2003 BMJ paper, and that tobacco industry funding did not impact his research. “To date, no impropriety, bias or omission has been identified in the review process and no error in the results has been identified in the paper,” Enstrom said.</div><div>
</div><div>Emails from 2014 feature Dr. Enstrom discussing with famous climate science denier Fred Singer ideas to attack and discredit two scientists who were involved in the film “Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming,” and whether to try to stop the release of the film with a lawsuit. For more information, see DeSmog blog, “Tobacco Gun for Hire James Enstrom, Willie Soon and the Climate Deniers Attack on Merchants of Doubt” (March 2015).</div><div>
</div><div>Dr. Kabat is also on the board of directors of the parent organization of the Genetic Literacy Project, a front group that works with Monsanto on PR projects while claiming to be independent. Read more about his work in our fact sheet, Geoffrey Kabat’s Ties to Tobacco and Chemical Industry Groups</div><div>
</div><div>Incorrect statements about science </div><div>American Council on Science and Health has claimed:</div><div>
</div><div>“There is no evidence that exposure to secondhand smoke involves heart attacks or cardiac arrest.” Winston-Salem Journal, 2012</div><div>“there is no scientific consensus concerning global warming.” ACSH, 1998 (Greenpeace has described ACSH a “Koch Industries climate denial front group”)</div><div>fracking “doesn’t pollute water or air.” Daily Caller, 2013</div><div>“There has never been a case of ill health linked to the regulated, approved use of pesticides in this country.” Tobacco Documents Library, UCSF, The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition document page 9, 1995</div><div>“There is no evidence that BPA [bisphenol A] in consumer products of any type, including cash register receipts, are harmful to health.” ACSH, 2012</div><div>exposure to mercury, a potent neurotoxin, “in conventional seafood causes no harm in humans.” ACSH, 2010.</div><div>Recent ACSH messaging continues in the same theme, denying risk from products that are important to the chemical, tobacco and other industries, and making frequent attacks on scientists, journalists and others who raise concerns.</div><div>
</div><div>A 2016 “top junk science” post by ACSH denies that chemicals can cause endocrine disruption; defends e-cigarettes, vaping and soda; and attacks journalists and the Journal of the American Medical Association.</div><div>USA Today gives ACSH a platform </div><div>USA Today continues to publish columns by ACSH staffers Hank Campbell and Alex Berezow without disclosing their funding ties to corporations whose interests they defend. In February 2017, 30 health, environmental, labor and public interest groups wrote to the editors of USA Today asking the paper to stop providing a platform of legitimacy to ACSH or at least provide full disclosures about who funds the group.</div><div>
</div><div>The letter states:</div><div>
</div><div>“We are writing to express our concern that USA Today continues to publish columns written by members of the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH), a corporate-funded group with a long history of promoting corporate agendas that are at odds with mainstream science. USA Today should not be helping this group promote its false identity as a credible, independent source on science. Your readers deserve accurate information about what and whom this group represents, as they reflect on the content of the columns.”</div><div>“These are no idle allegations. Many of the undersigned health, environmental, labor and public interest groups have been tracking ACSH’s work over the years. We have documented instances in which the group has worked to undermine climate change science, and deny the health threats associated with various products, including second-hand smoke, fracking, pesticides and industrial chemicals – all without being transparent about its corporate backers.”</div><div>We note that financial documents obtained by Mother Jones show that ACSH has received funding from tobacco, chemical, pharmaceutical and oil corporations. Public interest groups have reported that ACSH received funding from the Koch Foundations between 2005-2011, and released internal documents showing that ACSH solicited $100,000 from Syngenta in 2009 to write favorably about its product atrazine – a donation that was to be “separate and distinct from general operating support Syngenta has been so generously providing over the years.”</div><div>“At a time when the public is questioning the legitimacy of the news media, we believe it is vital for publications such as USA Today to follow the highest standards of journalistic ethics and serve the public with as much truth and transparency as possible. We respectfully ask you to refrain from publishing further columns authored by members of the American Council on Science and Health, or at the very least require that the individuals identify the organization accurately as a corporate-funded advocacy group.”</div><div>As of December 2017, USA Today editorial page editor Bill Sternberg has declined to stop publishing ACSH columns and the paper has repeatedly provided inaccurate or incomplete disclosures for the columns, and failed to notify its readers about ACSH’s funding from corporations whose agenda they promote.</div><div>
</div><div> Food For Thought, Hall of Shame, Our Investigations 3M, ACSH, Alex Berezow, Altria, American Council on Science and Health, American Enterprise Institute, Bayer CropScience, Bill Sternberg, Bradley Foundation, Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, British American Tobacco, Chemophobia, Chevron, Claude R. Lambe Foundation, CMA Consulting, Coca-Cola, DowAgroSciences, Dr. Gil Ross, Dr. Pepper/Snapple, Elizabeth Whelan, Eric Sachs, ExxonMobil Foundation, Genetic Literacy Project, Geoffrey Kabat, Gerstacker Foundation, Gil Ross, Hank Campbell, James Enstrom, Jon Entine, McDonalds, Monsanto, Pepsi, Philip Morris International, Procter & Gamble, Reynolds American, Science 2.0, Searle Freedom Trust, Syngenta, USA Today</div></div><div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">Meet the Climate Science Deniers Who Downplayed COVID-19 ...</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>DeSmog › 2020/03/16 › climate-science-deniers-downplayed-co...</div><div>
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</div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">WHO</span>) <a href="https://www.livescience.com/who-coronavirus-outbreak-emergency-international-concern.html" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">declared</a> that the outbreak of <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/summary.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fsummary.html" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">novel coronavirus 2019</a>, which causes the disease <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19, was officially a “public health emergency of international concern.” At the time, there were cases confirmed in 19 countries and deaths in China had reached 170.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The very next day, the <a href="https://www.desmog.com/american-council-science-and-health" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">American Council on Science and Health</a> (<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span>) published an <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/01/31/coronavirus-us-how-bad-will-it-be-14550" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">article</a> titled, “Coronavirus in the U.S.: How Bad Will It Be?”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span class="dquo" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</span>Is coronavirus worse than the flu?” it began. “No, not even close.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span class="dquo" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</span>It already has spread from person-to-person in the U.S., but it probably won’t go far,” <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> added. “And the American healthcare system is excellent at dealing with this sort of problem.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> is one of several organizations promoting climate science denial that are now spreading misinformation on the coronavirus, with potentially deadly consequences.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">American Council on Science and Health?</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> presents itself to the public as a proponent of “peer-reviewed mainstream science,” in the words of the organization’s mission. Their experts have frequently been quoted in mainstream newspapers and magazines, and they pen columns criticizing journalists who write critically about companies <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/08/29/nyts-eric-lipton-defends-anti-vaxxers-measles-ravages-europe-14255" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">like Monsanto</a>. The group has <a href="https://www.climateliabilitynews.org/2019/06/26/exxon-climate-denial-american-council-science-health/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">received funding</a> from oil giants including ExxonMobil, as well as from the agribusiness, chemical and tobacco industries to name a few.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When it comes to climate change, <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> has published a <a href="https://www.acsh.org/tags/climate-change" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">steady stream</a> of articles downplaying climate science and criticizing efforts to slow carbon emissions — even in the face of a <a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/scientific-consensus/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">mountain</a> of peer-reviewed research on the climate crisis.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/11/12/woke-lancet-asks-if-its-acceptable-have-children-14395" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">slammed</a> the medical journal The Lancet as “an ideologically driven outlet with a very clear political agenda where being sensationalist and culturally woke trumps evidence and reasonability”</b> (after the Lancet published an <a href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)32639-X/fulltext" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">article</a> titled “The carbon footprint”).<b> The purported “pro-science” advocacy group has <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/09/20/trouble-climate-strike-and-doomsday-prophesying-14300" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">labeled</a> Greta Thunberg’s activism “doomsday prophesying.” It has (falsely) <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2019/07/10/more-people-die-winter-summer-14146" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">suggested</a> that climate change is less of a concern because “more people die in winter than in summer” (they don’t).</b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And that’s all just in the past nine months. The <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span>’s stance against climate action dates back to <a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/global-warming/climate-deniers/front-groups/american-council-on-science-and-health-acsh/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">at least 1997</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">When it comes to coronavirus, now a global pandemic, <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span>’s authors rushed to judgment. They assured readers that there was little to worry about, and put some of the same faulty thinking that underlies their stance on climate change on display.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">aCSH</span> isn’t alone. Other organizations that have also engaged in climate science denial made similar missteps on <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19, including prominent organizations that fanned the flames of conspiracy theories or confidently promoted complacency when circumstances required rapid action.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">To be clear: No one should be faulted for failing to foresee precisely how severe of a problem <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19 would prove to be. None of us has a crystal ball and few, if any, expected this situation to unfold in this particular way.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But these organizations published positions that not only wound up being laden with false reassurances, but they did so based on claims that they made confidently at the time that now appear to have been false or misleading.</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Defending Conspiracy Theorists</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Take for example, the <a href="https://www.desmog.com/american-enterprise-institute" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">American Enterprise Institute’s (<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span>)</a> publications on <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span> fanned the flames of a conspiracy theory that claims <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19 was developed for biological warfare.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span> resident scholar <a href="https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Michael_Rubin" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">Michael Rubin</a> published a <a href="https://www.aei.org/op-eds/was-coronavirus-a-bioweapon-we-dont-know-but-history-shows-we-cant-trust-china/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">piece</a> titled, “Was coronavirus a bioweapon? We don’t know, but history shows we can’t trust China.”</p><div class="twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: flex; max-width: 550px; width: 550px; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">[twt]</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">the article defended Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas for his Fox News interview <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/17/business/media/coronavirus-tom-cotton-china.html" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">circulating</a> the theory.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.desmog.com/2015/02/14/secret-love-affair-between-roger-bate-and-big-tobacco" data-wpel-link="internal" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">Roger Bate</a>, an <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span> visiting scholar, also penned a January 29 piece headlined, “The media is driving the overreaction to the coronavirus.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The piece argues against action on <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19, without citing any evidence about the virus itself, but instead based on characterizations and generalizations. “I’ve seen several news reports essentially implying that, even if quarantining travelers or imposing travel bans to China are overreactions to the risk of the coronavirus, this is ok because it’s better to be safe than sorry,” he <a href="https://www.aei.org/health-care/the-media-is-driving-the-overreaction-to-the-coronavirus/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">wrote</a>. “Companies are so fearful of negative press that they seem to base much of their own rhetoric on what the media and liberal elites demand. While some of this is arguably harmless — note much of the hot air at Davos about climate change — when it becomes corporate policy and is echoed by government policy, it then has real consequences.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="dquo" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</span>A contagion will happen at some point, and it’s important we recognize it and react,” he added.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="dquo" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</span>Unless the coronavirus mutates into something far more dangerous,” he concluded, “this isn’t it.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">To be sure, there was not a visible consensus on those views within <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span>. That same day, another <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span> fellow published an <a href="https://www.aei.org/articles/the-coronavirus-is-a-big-economic-deal/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">article</a> calling the coronavirus a “big economic deal,” citing its impact on China’s economy. And a three-paragraph <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span> <a href="https://www.aei.org/health-care/fake-news-and-covid-19/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">post</a> later labeled claims that <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19 is a bioweapon “fake news.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Those other pieces, however, do not undo any impacts from <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span> publishing claims that proved to be baseless.</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Reading Comprehension</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Other times, articles downplaying the risks from <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19, penned by organizations that have adopted climate-science denying stances, present arguments laced with logical fallacies.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In some cases, it’s not clear whether the authors understood the comments they were critiquing.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Take, for instance, the <a href="https://www.desmog.com/cato-institute" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">Cato Institute</a>’s March 4, 2020 column on “<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19 Deaths and Incredible <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">WHO</span> Estimates.” That piece attacks a statement by the <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">WHO</span>’s director general, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who was quoted in The New York Times as saying, “Globally, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/04/world/coronavirus-news.ht" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">about 3.4 percent of reported <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>‐19 cases have died</a>.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Cato’s column labeled that statistic “sensationalist nonsense.” The number doesn’t take into account the fact that mild cases are more likely to go unreported, Cato’s Alan Reynolds wrote.</p><blockquote class="twitter-tweet" data-twitter-extracted-i1637011212040681346="true" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p dir="ltr" lang="en" xml_lang="en" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;">Because most <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CoronaVirus?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">#CoronaVirus</a> cases are mild and aren’t reported, the <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">WHO</span>’s alleged 3.4% <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Covid19?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">#Covid19</a> mortality rate is nothing more than sensationalist nonsense. The actual death rate among infected people outside China may be as low as 0.5%. <a href="https://t.co/CQmNYEkXsE" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">https://t.co/<span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">CQ</span>mNYEkXsE</a> <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/CatoHealth?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">#CatoHealth</a> <a href="https://t.co/nnyUH0DqXe" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">pic.twitter.com/nnyUH0DqXe</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;">— Cato Institute (@CatoInstitute) <a href="https://twitter.com/CatoInstitute/status/1236720095205957634?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">March 8, 2020</a></p></blockquote><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That, of course, is exactly why Dr. Adhanom included the word “reported” in his description of the statistic. There’s no ball being hidden here. And in case readers missed that word and its importance, The Times’ report included an explanation of that precise context. (“But the figure came loaded with caveats,” The Times wrote. “Experts, including those at the <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">WHO</span>, say that when more is known about the epidemic, the death rate will be considerably lower.”)</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">One day later, President Trump took a similar tack to Cato’s, calling the 3.4 precent statistic “really a false number.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="dquo" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</span>Now, this is just a hunch, but based on a lot of conversations with a lot of people that do this,” Trump <a href="https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/486068-trump-disputes-whos-34-global-death-rate-for-coronavirus" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">added.</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It’s not clear where exactly Trump picked up his impression — but then of course, Trump has his own <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-46351940" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">well-known stance</a> on climate science.</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.2; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">‘Not Even Close’</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The author of the <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> piece claiming that coronavirus is “not even close” to as bad as the flu was Dr. Alex Berezow — a PhD in microbiology, according to his <a href="https://www.acsh.org/profile/alex-berezow-phd" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">bio</a>, not a medical doctor. Berezow has been <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/03/13/acsh-media-coronavirus-edition-14633" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">interviewed</a> about coronavirus precautions by the Wall Street Journal, New York magazine, Insider, and Yahoo News.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>Berezow doubled down on his claim that the flu is a worse threat than coronavirus in a February 18 <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/02/18/how-dangerous-wuhan-coronavirus-14579" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">article</a>.</b> “Influenza is far deadlier than the Wuhan coronavirus, but few people worry about it,” that article begins, referring to the virus with the Chinese city initially at the center of the outbreak (a practice <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/10/republicans-face-backlash-racist-labeling-coronavirus-china-wuhan" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">that’s since been viewed as stigmatizing and racist</a>, amid a <a href="https://time.com/5797836/coronavirus-racism-stereotypes-attacks/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">growing number</a> of cases of stigma-motivated racial violence).</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>A few weeks later, Berezow changed his tune, offering readers assurances that even if <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19 was far more deadly than the flu, there was still little reason for alarm in an article calling media reports “unreliable” and “sensationalism.”</b></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);"><span class="dquo" style="box-sizing: border-box;">“</span>Even though the Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to have a case-fatality rate of 2 percent (which would make it 20 times deadlier [than influenza]),” he <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/02/21/media-fail-miserably-coronavirus-coverage-14587" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">wrote</a>, “it’s unlikely that it will rack up a similar annual death toll because — at least for the time being — it is not going to infect hundreds of millions of people.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>A week later, on February 27, Berezow admitted he had changed his mind,</b> saying that the facts had changed and <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/02/27/coronavirus-when-facts-change-i-change-my-mind-14599" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">writing</a>: “When <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19, aka the Wuhan coronavirus, first emerged, it seemed most likely that the virus would fizzle out. But as the disease continues to spread, that outcome now appears nearly impossible.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But by mid-March, Berezow was back to arguing that, as he <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2020/03/11/most-important-coronavirus-question-will-i-get-sick-and-die-14629" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">wrote</a> on March 11, “[f]or now, influenza remains the far bigger global public health threat.”</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">In contrast, public health organizations like the <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">WHO</span> have sought to offer information in ways that are both careful and candid. The Centers for Disease Control’s (neglected) guidelines for public health communication <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/14/cdc-manual-crisis-coronavirus-trump/" data-wpel-link="external" target="blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">call for</a> messaging that’s consistent, accurate, and doesn’t withhold important information.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There’s an enormous amount of uncertainty about what the coming days will bring when it comes to this pandemic. But if we’re all going to make the best decisions possible today, we’d be well-served to pay close attention to medical science.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And when so much of the message that there’s nothing to worry about on climate change comes from think tanks like Cato, <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">AEI</span>, and <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">ACSH</span> that made unsupported and flawed calls on <span class="caps" style="box-sizing: border-box;">COVID</span>-19, it’s worth taking a moment to pause and think about that as well.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Because as monumental as the impacts of this pandemic are now, the science tells us that if we fail to dramatically cut carbon and methane emissions, <a href="https://www.climate.gov/teaching/resources/impact-global-temperature-rise-4-degrees-c" data-wpel-link="external" target="_blank" rel="external noopener noreferrer" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: none;">the impacts of climate change</a> may be even more profound over the long run.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 1.5rem; margin-bottom: 1.5rem; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"></p></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><a href="https://www.climatedocket.com/2019/06/26/exxon-climate-denial-american-council-science-health/">https://www.climatedocket.com/2019/06/26/exxon-climate-denial-american-council-science-health/</a></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>exxonMobil is funding a little-known nonprofit that calls itself a “pro-science advocacy organization,” but whose scientific advisory board <a href="https://www.acsh.org/our-team" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">includes</a> several renowned climate deniers and has worked for decades to sow doubt about the health impacts of climate change.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Records show the ExxonMobil Foundation <a href="https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/Global/Files/worldwide-giving/2017-Health-and-Env-Worldwide-Giving.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">provided</a> grants of at least $60,000 in both <a href="https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/Global/Files/worldwide-giving/2017-Health-and-Env-Worldwide-Giving.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">2017</a> and <a href="https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/-/media/Global/Files/worldwide-giving/2018-Worldwide-Giving-Report.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">2018</a> to the <a href="https://www.acsh.org/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">American Council on Science and Health</a> (ACSH), a group that says its mission is to “publicly support evidence-based science and medicine.”</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Members of the ACSH scientific advisory board, however, include a who’s who of climate deniers, including<b> Patrick J. Michaels</b>, who has worked for more than 30 years on behalf of the fossil fuel industry;<b> S. Fred Singer, </b>who last year wrote an article for the Wall Street Journal <a href="https://climatefeedback.org/evaluation/wall-street-journal-commentary-grossly-misleads-readers-about-science-of-sea-level-rise-fred-singer/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">falsely</a> claiming that sea level rise is not caused by climate change; and<b> William Happer,</b> a current <a href="https://www.npr.org/2019/03/01/698073442/heres-the-white-houses-top-climate-change-skeptic" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">member</a> of President Trump’s National Security Council who as recently as 2016 argued that carbon dioxide is not a pollutant.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5756991-Mobil-Grants-with-annotations.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Documents</a> recently revealed in an <span style="box-sizing: border-box; transition-duration: 0.1s; transition-timing-function: ease-in-out; transition-property: all;">investigation by The Guardian</span> guk show ExxonMobil’s current funding of the ACSH began prior to 1999, when Exxon and Mobil <a href="https://corporate.exxonmobil.com/en/company/who-we-are/our-history" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">merged</a> to become Exxon Mobil Corporation, one of the largest oil companies in the world.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">“ACSH is a front group for libertarian billionaires, fossil fuel companies, and basically every other industry selling dangerous products,” said </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Geoffrey Supran, a Harvard University researcher</b> who in 2017 <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">published a study</a> that showed how Exxon’s internal memos take the climate issue seriously while its public communications emphasize doubt about the science.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>ACSH has also defended fracking as safe for the environment, denied the dangers of bisphenol-A (BPA) and opposed efforts to limit sugar in sodas, among other pro-industry stances.</b> <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Corporations fund nonprofits, think tanks and trade groups, many of which are “dark money” organizations that do not disclose their donors to the public, to further their interests without directly being tied to the groups’ work. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“This is just one more example of how these large corporations use third-party organizations to convey their message without being directly connected to them,” said Drexel University environmental sociologist Robert Brulle, who is now a visiting professor of environment and society at Brown University. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It fits exactly with the kind of stuff ExxonMobil has done for years and years—this is exactly their strategy,” said Brulle, who has studied the funding patterns of organizations connected to climate denial. “The question is what is still going on and why does Exxon still have its connection to this group after all these years?” <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to its questionable science advisory board, the ACSH board of trustees includes Fred L. Smith, founder of the conservative think tank <a href="https://www.acsh.org/about-acsh/meet-the-team/fred-l-smith-jr" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Competitive Enterprise Institute</a> (CEI) and current director of CEI’s <a href="https://cei.org/expert/fred-l-smith-jr" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Center for Advancing Capitalism</a>. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In a bit of irony, Exxon said in 2006 it would <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2006/sep/20/oilandpetrol.business" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">stop funding CEI</a> (which it had given nearly $2 million between 1998-2005) because of <a href="https://money.cnn.com/2006/09/20/news/companies/exxon_funding/index.htm" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">its work denying climate change</a>, but it continued to fund ACSH at least through 2018, the last year for which data is available.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ExxonMobil’s current funding of ACSH is a continuation of a <a href="https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/acsh-financial-summary.pdf" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">relationship</a> that goes back decades.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Prior to merging in 1999, Exxon and Mobil<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5756991-Mobil-Grants-with-annotations.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"> </a>both funded the ACSH,</b> according to internal Mobil Foundation <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5756991-Mobil-Grants-with-annotations.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">documents</a>, which include a list of potential grant recipients as well as Mobil’s justification for the funding decision. They <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/jun/12/mobil-foundation-donations-oil-company" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">reveal</a> that the Mobil Foundation provided at least $125,000 in grants to the ACSH between 1981-93 and funding was expected to continue into 1994.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Mobil Foundation <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5756991-Mobil-Grants-with-annotations.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">recommended</a> continuing to provide funding to the ACSH in part because “the Council has achieved high credibility and recognition in the media and scientific community, as evidenced by wide publication of their positions in the press and scientific journals.” <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It’s unclear what the most recent ExxonMobil Foundation grants were used for, but <a href="https://www.acsh.org/profile/alex-berezow" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Alex Berezow</a>, vice president of scientific affairs for ACSH, said they weren’t designated for any specific research or project.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Our policy for the past several years precludes us from doing specific research in exchange for corporate grants,” Berezow said.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Since its founding in 1978, the ACSH has worked to promote<a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/american-council-science-health-leaked-documents-fundraising/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"> corporate</a><a href="https://usrtk.org/hall-of-shame/why-you-cant-trust-the-american-council-on-science-and-health/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"> positions</a> on science, most often taking the<a href="https://www.acsh.org/Publications" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"> position</a> that chemicals are not a threat to humans or the environment.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“It’s a quintessential anti-science astroturf in the fossil fuel industry’s web of denial and delay—this is an organization founded by money from libertarian ideologues like the Scaifes, Olins, and Kochs,” Supran said. “Unsurprisingly therefore, ACSH’s rhetoric on the climate crisis since the 1990’s has masterfully complemented the talking points of its<b> fossil fuel funders, including Exxon, Mobil, ExxonMobil, Chevron, Shell, and the American Petroleum Institute</b></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>.”</b></span></font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon, Mobil and “The Great Defender of Petrochemical Companies”</font></span></h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH was founded in 1978 by Elizabeth Whelan, a public health scientist with postgraduate degrees from Yale and Harvard, who died in 2014. She wanted to counteract the work of environmental and consumer advocacy groups, which she said were not using sound science about the dangers of products to the environment and public health. “We help policymakers see past scaremongers and activist groups who have targeted GMOs, vaccines, conventional agriculture, nuclear power, natural gas, and ‘chemicals,’ while peddling health scares and fad diets,” the <a href="https://www.acsh.org/about-acsh-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">ACSH website says</a>. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It’s unknown whether Exxon and Mobil’s funding was used for a specific project or research, but the ACSH grant was recommended by Mobil’s public relations department, which said Whelan’s work was a major benefit to the company. </font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Whelan’s description of the ACSH was much more candid. In a 1992 memo, she <a href="https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/american-council-science-health-leaked-documents-fundraising/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">referred</a> to the organization as “the great defender of petrochemical companies.”</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In a 1998 article titled, <a href="https://www.pop.org/global-warming-not-health-threat-2/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Global Warming Not Health Threat</em></a>, Whelan wrote that climate science is “is rife with uncertainty as are the allegations for the health effects” and climate change models are “far from perfect.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">”</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“As for the hypothetical health effects that are based on the alleged global warming, these predictions are even more dubious,” wrote Whelan, adding that limiting greenhouse gas emissions could worsen human health in developing countries.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Supran said ACSH vociferously promoted Mobil’s position that addressing climate change would result in severe adverse economic impacts and increase poverty.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“ACSH was and is a talking head, amplifying the fossil fuel industry’s narrative while maintaining the false pretense of an “independent” voice,” Supran said. “Their rhetoric faithfully echoed Mobil’s key themes of doubt: that global warming is not real and human-caused, not serious, and not solvable.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ExxonMobil did not respond to a request for comment.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wanted: Studies to “Put Climate Change Health Hazards in Perspective”</font></span></h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It was at the urging of Mobil that the Global Climate Coalition (GCC), <a href="https://www.climatedocket.com/2019/04/25/gcc-global-climate-coalition-history/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">a fossil fuel industry-backed group</a> that worked from 1989 to 2002 to strategically undermine international climate negotiations, looked to the ACSH for help downplaying the potential health effects of climate change.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">By the mid-1990’s, the GCC and its fossil fuel members, including many ACSH funders, had become <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5631463-AIAM-051494.html#document/p3/a493214" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">concerned</a> about the growing body of research suggesting climate change could cause serious health impacts</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon scientists Dennis Devlin and Barry Friedlander presented a summary of published literature on the health impacts of climate change during a September 1996 meeting of the Global Climate Coalition’s Science and Technology Assessment Committee. The <a href="http://www.climatefiles.com/exxonmobil/1996-purported-impact-climate-change-human-health/" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">presentation</a> emphasized “key knowledge gaps” and “advocated critical evaluation of models and ongoing studies to put climate change health hazards in perspective.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">After the presentation, the GCC meeting attendees <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5631463-AIAM-051494.html#document/p3/a493214" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">discussed</a> the findings and brainstormed “ways of encouraging a more balanced scientific evaluation of this concern.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>To provide that “balance,” Lenny Bernstein of Mobil suggested Whelan and the ACSH.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bernstein told the group that Whelan was considering an “independent assessment on the climate change and health issue.” He also noted that many of the Global Climate Coalition’s member companies financially support the ACSH and urged them to contact her to suggest she write an assessment.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“The health issue is increasing in importance with the climate change issue, as with other environmental issues,” wrote the Global Climate Coalition in meeting minutes from January 1997. “The GCC has got to be prepared to respond to the issue this year.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Disregarding the growing body of research indicating otherwise, the GCC in early 1997 <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5631474-1997-02-25-Issues-Related-to-Potential-Health.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">wrote</a> in a position paper that “attempting to link global climate change and adverse health impacts requires a long and very tenuous stretch.” The group downplayed the work of a 1995 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—an intergovernmental body of the United Nations that includes the world’s leading climate scientists—writing “concerns that climate change might be the cause of various health problems rests on a number of unproved assumptions.”</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Global Climate Coalition also provided the ACSH with a two-part grant to study the health effects of climate change.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The study, however, would be anything but independent.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By early summer 1997, the GCC had <a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5689216-AIAM-052769.html#document/p3/a475977" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">reviewed</a> a draft of the report and suggested edits. The ACSH then began working on a rewritten draft to be reviewed by GCC committee members. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It’s unclear if that report was ever published, but later that year the ACSH published “<a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3869610-American-Council-on-Science-and-Health-Acsh.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">Global climate change and human health</a>.” </font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> As the GCC had hoped, the report downplayed the views of mainstream science and said “implementation of current proposals for mitigation measures—measures to stabilize the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere—would be both costly and ineffective.”</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brulle said corporations and industry groups like the GCC use organizations like the ACSH to add a “veneer of legitimacy.” <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“This really fits directly into this whole strategy of third party spokespersons, taking your point, but not attributing it to you, it’s attributed to an ‘independent’ organization,” Brulle said. </font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The ACSH report did not disclose its funders, but concluded that “policymakers can safely take several decades to plan a response, and scientists will have enough time to develop cost-effective anti-climate-change strategies.”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When asked if the published report was funded by the Global Climate Coalition or if another report was published, Berezow said he did not know.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Anyone who would know the answer to that question is either deceased or retired,” he said.</font></p><h4 style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH Benefits to ExxonMobil: Denial and Delay</font></span></h4><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">After years of scrutiny, ExxonMobil has <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/elliott-negin/exxonmobil-still-funding-climate-science-denier-groups" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">stopped</a> funding some of the more vocal climate deniers and organizations. In addition to dropping CEI, the oil giant has ended its membership in the American Legislative Exchange Council and has said it no longer funds the Cato Institute, the Heartland Institute and the Institute for Energy Research, all organizations that are heavily industry-influenced and have worked for years to deny climate change and delay the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>But ExxonMobil continues to fund the ACSH </b>despite the organization’s <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2018/02/26/poverty-not-climate-change-remains-worlds-deadliest-problem-12635" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">position</a> that “climate change is a slow-moving threat whose consequences are in the medium- to long-term future, not the near-term.”<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“We typically only talk about climate change tangentially. For instance, we support Generation IV nuclear power because, among many other things, it helps reduce carbon emission</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">s,” Berezow said, adding that the organization’s main focus is on biomedical science and public health.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brulle said while using third-party spokespeople and groups like the ACSH isn’t new, ExxonMobil’s continued relationship is notable.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“I do find it a little surprising that ExxonMobil would be cozy enough to be directly connected to this group,” Brulle said. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Supran said ACSH continues to be an excellent investment for ExxonMobil.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“In a 2016 ACSH article <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2016/06/03/meet-the-scientific-outcasts-and-mavericks" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">promoting</a> the authority of discredited and debunked climate deniers and delayers, for instance, ExxonMobil’s funding fingerprints are nowhere to be found,” Supran said, referring to <em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Meet the Scientific Outcasts and Mavericks, </em>which was authored by <b>Berezow.</b><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In <a href="https://www.acsh.org/news/2017/03/22/are-%E2%80%98green-20%E2%80%99-suppressing-scientific-dissent-10973" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Are The ‘Green 20’ Suppressing Scientific Dissent?</em></a><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">,</em> posted in 2017, then-ACSH president<b> Hank Campbell,</b> <b>critiqued the New York attorney general’s office for its investigation of ExxonMobil for possibly deceiving its investors on the risks of climate change.</b> <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In another, <a href="http://acsh.org/news/2017/02/13/save-world-chan-zuckerberg-should-spend-money-boring-stuff-10859" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Al Gore: Still Demented After All These Years</em></a>, Berezow said in 2017 that the world’s biggest health problem is poverty, not climate change. “When it comes to human disease, climate change is mostly a distraction. Eliminating poverty will do far more to save people’s lives than lowering the temperature a notch,” Berezow said. <br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Nowhere on the ACSH website is ExxonMobil’s <a href="https://www.acsh.org/search?search_api_views_fulltext=%22exxonmobil+foundation%22" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">funding</a> acknowledged.</span><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“As it’s grown more publicly untenable for companies themselves to publicly deny basic science, front groups like ACSH help do their dirty work,” said Supran, adding that the ACSH is a prime example of how ExxonMobil’s denial and delay continue through increasingly veiled initiatives.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 26px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“ACSH’s faux-scientific <a href="https://www.acsh.org/about-acsh-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; transition: all 0.1s ease-in-out 0s;">calls</a> for ’evidence-based science’ and its fixation on false dichotomies between meaningful climate action on the one hand, and poverty reduction and economic growth on the other, align with, extend, and amplify ExxonMobil’s own talking points,” he said. “The rhetoric has shifted an inch, but it’s just a rose by any other name—the goal is the same: inaction.”</font></p></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">320</font></div><div>
</div><div><div><a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2020/03/16/climate-science-deniers-downplayed-covid-19-cato-acsh-aei"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.desmogblog.com/2020/03/16/climate-science-deniers-downplayed-covid-19-cato-acsh-aei</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Meet the Climate Science Deniers Who Downplayed COVID-19 Risks</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">By Sharon Kelly • Monday, March 16, 2020 - 15:25</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">no lnx many </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the outbreak of novel coronavirus 2019, which causes the disease COVID-19, was officially a “public health emergency of international concern.” At the time, there were cases confirmed in 19 countries and deaths in China had reached 170.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The very next day, the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) published an article titled, “Coronavirus in the U.S.: How Bad Will It Be?”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“Is coronavirus worse than the flu?” it began. “No, not even close.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">“It already has spread from person-to-person in the U.S., but it probably won't go far,” ACSH added. “And the American healthcare system is excellent at dealing with this sort of problem.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ACSH is one of several organizations promoting climate science denial that are now spreading misinformation on the coronavirus, with potentially deadly consequences.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Council on Science and Health?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The ACSH presents itself to the public as a proponent of “peer-reviewed mainstream science,” in the words of the organization’s mission. Their experts have frequently been quoted in mainstream newspapers and magazines, and they pen columns criticizing journalists who write critically about companies like Monsanto. The group has received funding from oil giants including ExxonMobil, as well as from the agribusiness, chemical and tobacco industries to name a few.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When it comes to climate change, ACSH has published a steady stream of articles downplaying climate science and criticizing efforts to slow carbon emissions — even in the face of a mountain of peer-reviewed research on the climate crisis.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>ACSH slammed the medical journal The Lancet as “an ideologically driven outlet with a very clear political agenda where being sensationalist and culturally woke trumps evidence and reasonability” (after the Lancet published an article titled “The carbon footprint”)</b>. The purported “pro-science” advocacy group has labeled<b> Greta Thunberg’s activism “doomsday prophesying.</b>” It has (falsely) suggested that climate change is less of a concern because “more people die in winter than in summer” (they don’t).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And that’s all just in the past nine months. The ACSH’s stance against climate action dates back to at least 1997.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When it comes to coronavirus, now a global pandemic, ACSH’s authors rushed to judgment. They assured readers that there was little to worry about, and put some of the same faulty thinking that underlies their stance on climate change on display.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">ACSH isn’t alone. Other organizations that have also engaged in climate science denial made similar missteps on COVID-19, including prominent organizations that fanned the flames of conspiracy theories or confidently promoted complacency when circumstances required rapid action.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">To be clear: No one should be faulted for failing to foresee precisely how severe of a problem COVID-19 would prove to be. None of us has a crystal ball and few, if any, expected this situation to unfold in this particular way.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">But these organizations published positions that not only wound up being laden with false reassurances, but they did so based on claims that they made confidently at the time that now appear to have been false or misleading.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Defending Conspiracy Theorists</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Take for example, the American Enterprise Institute’s (AEI) publications on COVID-19.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>AEI fanned the flames of a conspiracy theory that claims COVID-19 was developed for biological warfare.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>AEI resident scholar Michael Rubin published a piece titled, “Was coronavirus a bioweapon? We don’t know, but history shows we can’t trust China.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>
</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The article defended Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas for his Fox News interview circulating the theory.</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roger Bate, an AEI visiting scholar, also penned a January 29 piece headlined, “The media is driving the overreaction to the coronavirus.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The piece argues against action on COVID-19, without citing any evidence about the virus itself, but instead based on characterizations and generalizations. “I’ve seen several news reports essentially implying that, even if quarantining travelers or imposing travel bans to China are overreactions to the risk of the coronavirus, this is ok because it’s better to be safe than sorry,” he wrote. “Companies are so fearful of negative press that they seem to base much of their own rhetoric on what the media and liberal elites demand. While some of this is arguably harmless — note much of the hot air at Davos about climate change — when it becomes corporate policy and is echoed by government policy, it then has real consequences.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“A contagion will happen at some point, and it’s important we recognize it and react,” he added.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Unless the coronavirus mutates into something far more dangerous,” he concluded, “this isn’t it.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To be sure, there was not a visible consensus on those views within AEI. That same day, another AEI fellow published an article calling the coronavirus a “big economic deal,” citing its impact on China’s economy. And a three-paragraph AEI post later labeled claims that COVID-19 is a bioweapon “fake news.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Those other pieces, however, do not undo any impacts from AEI publishing claims that proved to be baseless.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reading Comprehension</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other times, articles downplaying the risks from COVID-19, penned by organizations that have adopted climate-science denying stances, present arguments laced with logical fallacies.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In some cases, it’s not clear whether the authors understood the comments they were critiquing.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Take, for instance, the Cato Institute’s March 4, 2020 column on “COVID-19 Deaths and Incredible WHO Estimates.”</b> That piece attacks a statement by the WHO’s director general, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, who was quoted in The New York Times as saying, “Globally, about 3.4 percent of reported COVID-?19 cases have died.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cato’s column labeled that statistic “sensationalist nonsense.” The number doesn’t take into account the fact that mild cases are more likely to go unreported, Cato’s Alan Reynolds wrote.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That, of course, is exactly why Dr. Adhanom included the word “reported” in his description of the statistic. There’s no ball being hidden here. And in case readers missed that word and its importance, The Times’ report included an explanation of that precise context. (“But the figure came loaded with caveats,” The Times wrote. “Experts, including those at the WHO, say that when more is known about the epidemic, the death rate will be considerably lower.”)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>One day later, President Trump took a similar tack to Cato’s, calling the 3.4 precent statistic “really a false number.”</b></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Now, this is just a hunch, but based on a lot of conversations with a lot of people that do this,” Trump added.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It’s not clear where exactly Trump picked up his impression — but then of course, Trump has his own well-known stance on climate science.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">'Not Even Close'</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The author of the ACSH piece claiming that coronavirus is “not even close” to as bad as the flu was Dr. Alex Berezow — a PhD in microbiology, according to his bio, not a medical doctor. Berezow has been interviewed about coronavirus precautions by the Wall Street Journal, New York magazine, Insider, and Yahoo News.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Berezow doubled down on his claim that the flu is a worse threat than coronavirus in a February 18 article. “Influenza is far deadlier than the Wuhan coronavirus, but few people worry about it,” that article begins, referring to the virus with the Chinese city initially at the center of the outbreak (a practice that's since been viewed as stigmatizing and racist, amid a growing number of cases of stigma-motivated racial violence).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A few weeks later, Berezow changed his tune, offering readers assurances that even if COVID-19 was far more deadly than the flu, there was still little reason for alarm in an article calling media reports “unreliable” and “sensationalism.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Even though the Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to have a case-fatality rate of 2 percent (which would make it 20 times deadlier [than influenza]),” he wrote, “it’s unlikely that it will rack up a similar annual death toll because — at least for the time being — it is not going to infect hundreds of millions of people.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A week later, on February 27, Berezow admitted he had changed his mind, saying that the facts had changed and writing: “When COVID-19, aka the Wuhan coronavirus, first emerged, it seemed most likely that the virus would fizzle out. But as the disease continues to spread, that outcome now appears nearly impossible.</span>”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But by mid-March, Berezow was back to arguing that, as he wrote on March 11, “[f]or now, influenza remains the far bigger global public health threat.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In contrast, public health organizations like the WHO have sought to offer information in ways that are both careful and candid. The Centers for Disease Control’s (neglected) guidelines for public health communication call for messaging that’s consistent, accurate, and doesn’t withhold important information.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">There’s an enormous amount of uncertainty about what the coming days will bring when it comes to this pandemic. But if we’re all going to make the best decisions possible today, we’d be well-served to pay close attention to medical science.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And when so much of the message that there’s nothing to worry about on climate change comes from think tanks like Cato, AEI, and ACSH that made unsupported and flawed calls on COVID-19, it’s worth taking a moment to pause and think about that as well.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Because as monumental as the impacts of this pandemic are now, the science tells us that if we fail to dramatically cut carbon and methane emissions, the impacts of climate change may be even more profound over the long run.</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The first director of IARC (the International Agency for Research on Cancer), Dr. John Higginson, was also a scientific advisor to the American Council on Science and Health Those were the glory days of IARC, which was founded for the purpose of identifying human carcinogens for further study and to guide health policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Unfortunately, much has changed since 1965. Fifty-two years after its inception, IARC has become a fringe group, seemingly more interested in scaring people than identifying actual health threats. Any organization that declares bacon to be as dangerous as plutonium has entirely lost its way.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Things started to unravel for IARC over a popular herbicide called glyphosate, which it considers a "probable human carcinogen." Every major science and regulatory body disagrees, including the U.S. EPA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Even the World Health Organization, which is the parent of IARC, believes that glyphosate doesn't cause cancer. What is going on?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We now have an answer. Thanks largely to the investigative work of David Zaruk on Science 2.0, The Times reports that Christopher Portier, a key IARC advisor who lobbied to have glyphosate listed as a carcinogen, accepted $160,000 from trial lawyers representing cancer patients who stood to profit handsomely by suing glyphosate manufacturers. Mr. Portier's failure to disclose such an obvious conflict of interest has exploded into a textbook case of scientific fraud.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glyphosate-gate: A Case of Scientific Fraud</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It gets worse. Reuters reports that evidence that glyphosate was harmless was intentionally edited out of an IARC monograph. The monograph also distorted other studies it cited, for instance, by concluding that the research found a link between glyphosate and cancer when the opposite was true. Furthermore, Reuters writes that "the agency won't say who made the changes or why." Sixteen scientists contacted by Reuters refused to answer any questions about the edits. That's not how science operates; that's how Fight Club operates.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Truly, it is difficult to overstate the seriousness of what IARC and Mr. Portier have done. As Dr. Zaruk writes for his Risk-Monger site, such behavior undermines not only the World Health Organization but the scientific enterprise itself. How can people trust health advice when the regulators who dispense it can be bought off by trial lawyers?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sometimes, Money Matters</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At ACSH, we believe that good science is good regardless of who pays for it -- be it academia, the government, non-profits, or industry. Scientific research must be judged on its merits alone. That's why people who cry, "Corporate shill!" are little more than conspiracy theorists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However, bad science is another issue entirely. The vast majority of the time, bad science is promulgated by researchers or journalists who aren't good at their jobs or don't know any better. Occasionally, bad science is promoted by people who are being bought off. This is one of those times.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IARC has severely and perhaps irreparably damaged the reputation of the World Health Organization. Besides, given the sheer number of regulatory bureaucrats who already exist in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere, IARC's role is redundant and only serves to add confusion rather than clarity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It ought to be defunded and disbanded and we are recommending the U.S. government do just that.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tags: </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">glyphosateIARCscientific fraudChristopher Portier</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">cites usatoday at acsh guy berezow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/08/10/hot-beverages-world-health-cancer-coffee-column/88511276/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If nanny state critics want a fine example of regulation gone wild, they should look to the World Health Organization. The group’s International Agency for Research on Cancer has given us a reason to fire up our espresso machines by declaring that coffee does not cause cancer. But don't celebrate too hard. The IARC also says that any very hot drink probably causes cancer, including hot water.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">You’re definitely not alone if that doesn’t make a lot of sense to you. The agency’s own evaluation, published in The Lancet Oncology, even admitted that there was “limited evidence” for this conclusion. So why make it?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Unfortunately, IARC’s actions have long appeared to be influenced by factors other than sound science. For example, even though both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the United Nations have declared that glyphosate (an herbicide commonly used with genetically modified crops) is unlikely to pose a health risk, IARC still considers it to be “probably carcinogenic to humans.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Do you like processed meat and alcohol? Indeed, consuming too much is linked to bowel cancer or liver cancer, respectively, but IARC goes several steps further and lists both as “Group 1” carcinogens, alongside tobacco, asbestos, and plutonium. Putting bacon and beer in the same risk category as a radioactive metal demonstrates a lack of common sense and a striking inability to handle scientific nuance.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Demanding political change for black lives: Voices</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And despite the fact that it is not physically possible for cell phone radiation to cause cancer (because the microwave photons associated with it do not carry enough energy to break chemical bonds), IARC believes that radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation is “possibly carcinogenic” to humans.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">If you look hard enough, you will find that pretty much anything on Earth has been linked to cancer by some research group. Apparently, that is sufficient to make IARC’s naughty list.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Part of the problem is IARC’s methodology. Their study was focused on South America and based on case studies that show an increased risk of esophageal cancer if people consumed very hot drinks. However, the data is so weak that they include the following:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Although the mechanistic and other relevant evidence for very hot beverages is scant, biological plausibility exists for an association between very hot beverages and cell injury and the sequelae that might lead to cancer.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In other words, IARC admits there is little to no evidence for their claim that hot water causes cancer, but because it is biologically plausible, they feel justified in alarming the public. Not only is that scientifically dubious as it undermines the rigorous methodology applied by scientists in their pursuit of knowledge, it is socially irresponsible.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Put another way, just because something is biologically plausible does not make it probable. It is also biologically plausible that if we exercise more, we can all look like Chris Hemsworth and Gigi Hadid. But it’s certainly not probable.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Furthermore, if hot drinks are dangerous, then why should IARC stop there? Maybe that chicken soup or burrito that you left in the microwave for too long is slowly killing you. And don’t even get us started on that piping hot pizza.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Undoubtedly, IARC’s stated mission is an admirable one: “Cancer research for cancer prevention.” When it comes to recommendations on what causes cancer, only the best, evidence-based advice should be made available to the public.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But all too often, IARC seems more interested in promoting a particular lifestyle — one that does not include GMOs, cell phones or even hot drinks — than it does about promoting sensible health decisions. That’s a shame because IARC is abusing the good name and reputation of the WHO to dabble in hype.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alex Berezow, senior fellow of biomedical science at the American Council on Science and Health and founding editor of RealClearScience, holds a Ph.D. in microbiology and is a member of USA TODAY's Board of Contributors. Julianna LeMieux is senior fellow of molecular biology at ACSH and holds a Ph.D. in molecular biology and microbiology. Follow them on Twitter: @AlexBerezow and @julemieux1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to its own editorials, USA TODAY publishes diverse opinions from outside writers, including our Board of Contributors. To read more columns, go to the Opinion front page and follow us on Twitter @USATOpinion.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IARC hit</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glyphosate-gate: IARC's Scientific Fraud | American Council on ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.acsh.org › news › 2017/10/24 › glyphosate-gate-iarcs-scientifi...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oct 24, 2017 - Thanks largely to the investigative work of David Zaruk on Science ... The Economist, Forbes, Scientific American, and USA Today, where he ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IARC's Game of Chicken with Congress | American Council on ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.acsh.org › news › 2017/11/08 › iarcs-game-chicken-congress-...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nov 8, 2017 - Meanwhile, IARC's posturing may get its funding pulled. ... by independent blogger David Zaruk, Ph.D., the ethical breaches of IARC environmental ... Forbes - “on many of the most critical issues of our time, the “progressive” ...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.acsh.org/news/2017/11/08/iarcs-game-chicken-congress-12107</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> World Health Organization group International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is suffering through a period of critical upheaval. Thanks to investigative work spearheaded by independent blogger David Zaruk, Ph.D., the ethical breaches of IARC environmental activist Chris Portier, Ph.D., who massaged Working Group criteria to exclude experts with any industry experience while exempting his paychecks from Environmental Defense Fund, have been exposed. That Portier signed a lucrative contract with attorneys looking to sue Monsanto before Monograph 112, which declared the herbicide glyphosate a "probable" human carcinogen, was even released has sadly become expected for the group. It is now obvious that the attorneys knew what the result of the Monograph would be before WHO or the public did, because Portier was looking to cash in on his efforts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It was later discovered that in making their finding about glyphosate, the IARC Working Group weirdly branded studies concluding that the compound was not a carcinogen as being evidence for carcinogenicity, they blocked other studies that would have invalidated their conclusion as being too weak to include. Scientists who were on the Working Group have overwhelmingly refused calls for transparency, the only ones who have bothered to respond cloaked themselves in United Nations immunity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But Congress is not going to be stonewalled so easily. If IARC were an American agency, it probably would never have gotten to this point. If IARC were an American company, Portier and IARC's leader, Chris Wild, Ph.D., would be facing the prospect of jail time. Instead, Wild was seemingly removed from his position before WHO repositioned it as being a very, very, very early announcement that he would not be continuing after his term expires. The U.S. Congressional Committee On Science, Space, And Technology is still not appeased. Last week, Chairman Lamar Smith called on IARC to respond to allegations about their manipulation of the Working Group findings. IARC is trying to buy time, claiming Congress did not go through their proper procedures...which means they are trying to formulate answers that won't call into question their cancer claims about bacon, hot water, diesel emissions and plenty of other findings. The group says they will only answer if the U.S. State Department goes through American representatives sitting on IARC's governing council.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">That sort of posturing may play well at the U.N. but it is a sure way to get their funding pulled by a US Congress. And really, IARC doesn't need American funding. I know plenty of activists who can cherry-pick studies and make junk science claims, and they will do it for free since, like with Portier, activists and sue-and-settle attorneys are behind the scenes bankrolling their efforts.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glyphosate-gate: IARC's Scientific Fraud</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IARC: Chris Portier Denies Being Paid By EDF Is A Conflict Of Interest For IARC Members</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IARC Activism Begins To Unravel - Congress May Be About To Pull Their Plug</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A $289M Hit Job on Science in Jackpot Verdict on Monsanto's Glyphosate</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">California Pulls The Plug On Trial Lawyers Hoping To Get Rich Off Glyphosate Lawsuits</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.alternet.org/2019/08/documents-reveal-monsanto-surveilled-journalists-activists-even-musician-neil-young/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">cf DN</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Explosive new documents reveal the U.S. agribusiness giant Monsanto ran a “fusion center” to surveil and discredit journalists and activists who criticized or wrote damning reports about Monsanto, as well as legendary singer-songwriter Neil Young, who released an album in 2015 called “The Monsanto Years.” Monsanto monitored Young’s Twitter activity and even analyzed the lyrics of his album. The fusion center also surveilled journalist Carey Gillam, who has done extensive research and writing about Monsanto and its popular pesticide Roundup, which has been linked to cancer. The corporation also targeted the nonprofit research group U.S. Right to Know, which submitted Freedom of Information Act requests about the company. From Kansas City, Missouri, we speak to Carey Gillam, a veteran investigative journalist and author of “Whitewash: The Story of a Weed Killer, Cancer, and the Corruption of Science,” and from Berkeley, California, Gary Ruskin, co-founder of U.S. Right to Know</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.democracynow.org/2019/8/9/monsanto_fusion_center_surveillance_of_critics</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> GOODMAN: “Monsanto Years” by Neil Young and Promise of the Real. This is Democracy Now! I’m Amy Goodman. An explosive new report shows documents — in an explosive new report, documents reviewed by The Guardian reveal that the U.S. agribusiness giant Monsanto ran a “fusion center” to surveil and discredit journalists and activists who criticized or wrote damning reports about Monsanto, as well as legendary singer-songwriter Neil Young, who released an album in 2015 called The Monsanto Years. Monsanto monitored Young’s Twitter activity and even analyzed the lyrics of his album.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The so-called fusion center also surveilled journalist Carey Gillam. She was a Reuters reporter who was reporting extensively on Monsanto and its popular pesticide Roundup, which has been linked to cancer. Documents show Monsanto made plans to harass Gillam online, contact her editors at Reuters in the hopes of having her taken off reporting on Monsanto. The corporation also targeted the nonprofit research group U.S. Right to Know, which submitted a Freedom of Information Act request about the company.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For more, we’re joined in Kansas City, Missouri, by Carey Gillam, a veteran investigative journalist and author of Whitewash: The Story of a Weed Killer, Cancer, and the Corruption of Science. And in Berkeley, California, Gary Ruskin is with us, co-founder of U.S. Right to Know — both Monsanto targets.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carey Gillam, let’s begin with you in Kansas City. Can you explain what happened when you released your book, Whitewash?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CAREY GILLAM: Yeah, I mean, even before Whitewash came out, we know now from the documents that Monsanto was preparing to discredit the book, to discredit me. What we see from the documents that have come out is that the company had a strategic plan, a project action plan, with 20-some different line items and a consulting company in Washington, D.C., and numerous individuals engaged in, you know, covert and secretive strategies to make it look like third parties, for instance, were writing negative book reviews about me. Independent individuals were giving talking points to discredit me and to smear the book. We know from the documents that Monsanto talked about purchasing Google blog postings, search engine optimization, so that if people searched for my name and the book, they would get a host of negative, slanderous information about me. And all of this was done to look like it didn’t come from Monsanto, to look like it was coming from independent third parties — farmers or scientists or others. And we saw that play out. I saw that play out on Amazon, on one weekend, after the book was released, when a whole host of negative book reviews, all at once, with similar talking points, sounding like they came from one person almost, just poured onto Amazon to try to take the book down.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: Democracy Now! invited Monsanto to join us on the show. They declined our request but sent us a statement to read on the air: quote, “None of the documents cherry-picked by plaintiffs’ lawyers and their surrogates contradict the findings of the extensive body of science and conclusions of leading health regulators that glyphosate-based herbicides are safe when used as directed and that glyphosate is not carcinogenic. Instead, they show that Monsanto’s activities were intended to ensure there was a fair, accurate and science-based dialogue about the company and its products in response to significant misinformation, including steps to respond to the publication of a book written by an individual who is a frequent critic of pesticides and GMOs. We take the safety of our products and our reputation very seriously and work to ensure that everyone — from regulators to customers to other stakeholders — has accurate and balanced information to make decisions about our products.” Carey Gillam, if you could respond?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CAREY GILLAM: Sure. I mean, first of all, you know, a frequent critic of GMOs and pesticides, you know, is not really an accurate representation. I’m a journalist. I report accurate information about the risks, as well as the rewards, as well as the benefits. But my book, you know, did lay out a lot of information that Monsanto had wanted to keep hidden. It was based very heavily on documents that I obtained from EPA, USDA and FDA, as well as some internal Monsanto documents. So, you know, the book is very heavily documented and data-driven. Monsanto has not been able to come up with anything that’s inaccurate in the book.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And what Monsanto is actually saying there, you know, they want to talk about fairness and truthfulness and transparency, but what they were doing was actually trying to deceive the public by coming out and engineering all of these secretive things that would look like they were coming from outside the company. You know, if the company has complaints, if the company wants to make a statement about something, they should do it in a truthful way, so that people know it’s coming from Monsanto, and not engage in these secretive strategies.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And what I talk about with this is, it’s not so important, you know, what they were trying to do to me or what they were trying to do to a book. I’m one person. I’m one journalist. But what we know, from a larger trove of documents, is that this is par for the course. You know, this is what they do. They have engaged in smear campaigns against numerous scientists, numerous journalists around the world, and they do it through this third-party strategy so that it looks like it’s coming from a more authentic, more valid, independent source.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: In Oakland, California, Monsanto, in May, was ordered to pay its highest damages yet in the third lawsuit over the popular weed killer Roundup. A jury has ordered Monsanto, which is owned by German pharmaceutical giant Bayer, to pay more than $2 billion in punitive damages to Alva and Alberta Pilliod, a couple who were both diagnosed with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma cancer after using Roundup on their properties for over 30 years.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gary Ruskin, that’s Oakland, California. You’re right now in Berkeley. You’re the founder of U.S. Right to Know. Your group was also targeted by Monsanto. Can you respond to what you have been trying to find out, what you understand from these documents, how they targeted you, and why you’re concerned so much about Roundup, why you’ve been raising issues?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GARY RUSKIN: Sure. So, in 2015, we began an investigation of the Monsanto Company and its business practices and its public relations practices. And so I filed a number of Freedom of Information Act requests and tried to understand how they do their business and how they deploy their public relations strategies, and quickly found explosive documents that became a front-page New York Times story about how Monsanto uses and deploys academics in its public relations strategies and how it pays them secretively and there are secret ties. But, essentially, Monsanto creates a choir, by which it deploys its messaging about, that its products are safe.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">And so, as these stories got replicated in outlets both in the United States and across the world, apparently Monsanto became very alarmed by them. And so, we now have documents that show they had this elaborate plan, 30 pages long, 11 Monsanto staff, you know, public relations firm, trade groups, all helping out, trying to respond to our little tiny investigation. You know, I run a very small nonprofit. We only have four staff, including Carey Gillam. And yet Monsanto was so threatened by our small effort to conduct an investigation into their public relations work that they generated this elaborate plan to — they said that our investigative effort had the potential to be extremely damaging, that it would impact the entire industry. And so, not too long after that, up springs lots of really kind of — you know, lots of slime and smears about me and about Carey, that spring up all over the internet, as well. And we also found out that there is this Monsanto fusion center, an internal corporate intelligence center, that is tracking, has been tracking our work in some way. We don’t really know very much about its operations. So, that’s what we know from the documents.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: We began this segment with a song of Neil Young from his album The Monsanto Years. Talk about what the documents show about Neil Young, how they were going after him.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GARY RUSKIN: Well, it’s very limited, what we have. We know that the Monsanto intelligence center, the fusion center, was analyzing his social media and his work talking about and singing about Monsanto. It’s pretty sparse. That’s all we know. I mean, really, the documents raise many more questions than they answer about: What exactly is the Monsanto fusion center? What does it do? What practices does it carry out? Who really works for it? You know, what tactics and strategies do we use? There’s a New York Times story about corporate intelligence centers from last year that talk about the use of military-style tactics. The word “fusion center” really comes from a Department of Homeland Security term, “fusion centers.” You know, it’s well known that some of these fusion centers are staffed by former intelligence people. So, what actually happens at the Monsanto fusion center, we don’t really know.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: The website American Council on Science and Health, or [ACSH], has posted articles attempting to discredit our guests, Carey Gillam and Gary Ruskin. One article is titled “Dear Gary Ruskin and Anti-GMOers, Stop Being Puppets for Putin.” Internal Monsanto documents show the company funds the [ACSH]. One document says, in all caps, “You WILL NOT GET A BETTER VALUE FOR YOURDOLLAR than [ACSH].” Carey Gillam, if you could respond to this? And also, according to The Guardian, Monsanto paid Google — and you talked about this — to promote search results for “Monsanto Glyphosate Carey Gillam” that criticized your work. Explain how this works, how they can pay Google to increase the chance that when I look for your name, I’m going to see something negative.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CAREY GILLAM: Well, I cannot pretend to understand how the algorithms of Google work. But what we do know and what we have seen is that when there is information that Monsanto really wants to promote, or others in the agrochemical industry, you can see this play out on Google search engines. Sometimes it will say, you know, a Google ad off to the left of it. But there are ways to optimize this sort of search engine so that information does rise to the top. And certainly Monsanto has had the resources, the information to do that. And we know that they talk about doing that.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Now, in terms of the other payments, this ACSH group, that I’ve talked about and you mentioned, the American Council on Science and Health, this is one, what we call, front group, one group that we have been able to establish that Monsanto has helped fund, sends money to, secretly. The group is supposed to look like it’s independent and authoritative. They post op-eds all in USA Today, and they have — their people write in Forbes magazine. And what they’re doing is really — you know, they’re paid hit men for Monsanto. And we see that in these internal emails. And it’s really, you know, ingenious on the part of corporations like Monsanto, but what it does is it fools consumers. It’s designed to fool scientists, consumers, lawmakers, anyone who’s really looking for authoritative information and doesn’t understand that this is being funded by special corporate interests.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: Gary Ruskin, you’re calling for the release of all records on this subject. You believe that these documents are just the tip of the iceberg. Are you continuing to be monitored, harassed, targeted?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GARY RUSKIN: Well, we don’t really know, except that we do know that if you search for my name or Carey’s name on the internet, you see a fantastic amount of smears and slime and things that aren’t true. And so, why is that? Where does that come from? You know, the documents that were just released do suggest that Monsanto was carrying out some kind of a campaign to discredit us and to discredit our organization and Carey’s book. And so, the documents are what we know.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: Carey Gillam, will you be suing?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CAREY GILLAM: You know, no. I mean, I have made some inquiries and talked to some legal counsel, and we’ve talked about this. I mean, the publisher of the book would be very concerned, is very concerned, about what Monsanto has done to try to interfere with sales of the book.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMY GOODMAN: We’re going to have to leave it there, but I thank you both very much for being with us, Carey Gillam, a veteran journalist, author of Whitewash, and Gary Ruskin of U.S. Right to Know. I’m Amy Goodman. This is Democracy Now!Thanks so much for joining us.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Up Next</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">How Monsanto Plants Stories, Suppresses Science & Silences Dissent to Sell a Cancer-Linked Chemical</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2013</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> wow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">acsh 2013</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bodman</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">api</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">tirad fdn fracking</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bristol myers, safwe cog 3x?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">bayercropsci</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">syngnta</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3m</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">mcD's</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">altria</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">am chem c</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">previous am bev, pepsi, pharma</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">monsanto</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FM kirby brit am tobacco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dow agro'</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">exxon</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">lorrilard, pfizer</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">reynolds am PM</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">direct mial</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">long list of active leads bradly basf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">dezenhall</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">conoco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">pharma</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/809483/acsh-financial-summary.pdf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.acsh.org/news/2017/10/24/glyphosate-gate-iarcs-scientific-fraud-12014</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BS berezow</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">he first director of IARC (the International Agency for Research on Cancer), Dr. John Higginson, was also a scientific advisor to the American Council on Science and Health Those were the glory days of IARC, which was founded for the purpose of identifying human carcinogens for further study and to guide health policy.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Unfortunately, much has changed since 1965. Fifty-two years after its inception, IARC has become a fringe group, seemingly more interested in scaring people than identifying actual health threats. Any organization that declares bacon to be as dangerous as plutonium has entirely lost its way.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Things started to unravel for IARC over a popular herbicide called glyphosate, which it considers a "probable human carcinogen." Every major science and regulatory body disagrees, including the U.S. EPA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Even the World Health Organization, which is the parent of IARC, believes that glyphosate doesn't cause cancer. What is going on?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We now have an answer. Thanks largely to the investigative work of David Zaruk on Science 2.0, The Times reports that Christopher Portier, a key IARC advisor who lobbied to have glyphosate listed as a carcinogen, accepted $160,000 from trial lawyers representing cancer patients who stood to profit handsomely by suing glyphosate manufacturers. Mr. Portier's failure to disclose such an obvious conflict of interest has exploded into a textbook case of scientific fraud.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glyphosate-gate: A Case of Scientific Fraud</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It gets worse. Reuters reports that evidence that glyphosate was harmless was intentionally edited out of an IARC monograph. The monograph also distorted other studies it cited, for instance, by concluding that the research found a link between glyphosate and cancer when the opposite was true. Furthermore, Reuters writes that "the agency won't say who made the changes or why." Sixteen scientists contacted by Reuters refused to answer any questions about the edits. That's not how science operates; that's how Fight Club operates.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Truly, it is difficult to overstate the seriousness of what IARC and Mr. Portier have done. As Dr. Zaruk writes for his Risk-Monger site, such behavior undermines not only the World Health Organization but the scientific enterprise itself. How can people trust health advice when the regulators who dispense it can be bought off by trial lawyers?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sometimes, Money Matters</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At ACSH, we believe that good science is good regardless of who pays for it -- be it academia, the government, non-profits, or industry. Scientific research must be judged on its merits alone. That's why people who cry, "Corporate shill!" are little more than conspiracy theorists.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However, bad science is another issue entirely. The vast majority of the time, bad science is promulgated by researchers or journalists who aren't good at their jobs or don't know any better. Occasionally, bad science is promoted by people who are being bought off. This is one of those times.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IARC has severely and perhaps irreparably damaged the reputation of the World Health Organization. Besides, given the sheer number of regulatory bureaucrats who already exist in the U.S., Europe, and elsewhere, IARC's role is redundant and only serves to add confusion rather than clarity.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It ought to be defunded and disbanded and we are recommending the U.S. government do just that.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">food evol doc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">campbell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">acsh preZ ny premier</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2017/06/27/food-evolution-new-york-city-premiere-proof-science-reason-win-gmo-skeptics/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-06-28/coca-cola-may-pull-products-from-vermont-to-comply-with-gmo-law</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">-Cola Co., the world’s largest soft-drink company, expects to pull some of its beverages from Vermont stores as the state imposes a GMO-labeling law this week.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All products made with genetically modified organisms must have warning labels in order to stay on sale in Vermont -- the nation’s second-least-populous state -- starting July 1. While the Atlanta-based company’s top beverages will stay on shelves, including Coca-Cola, Diet Coke and Coke Zero, some smaller brands or configurations may disappear for now, according to spokesman Ben Sheidler.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“To avoid multiple labeling changes, some lower-volume brands and packages we offer within our broad portfolio could be temporarily unavailable in Vermont,” he told Bloomberg BNA.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Products made with GMOs are a hot-button topic in the food and agriculture industry, and the U.S. Senate is discussing its own bill that would supersede Vermont’s labeling law. Consumers are increasingly wary of scientifically altered ingredients, but food companies say the scientific consensus is that GMOs are safe.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kellogg Co., Campbell Soup Co. and Mars Inc. previously announced that they would bow to the Vermont law and begin labeling their products for GMOs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate Bill</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the industry is still seeking a national solution, saying a patchwork of state laws isn’t practical. Republicans and Democrats on the U.S. Senate Agriculture Committee have struck a deal that would create national GMO-labeling protocol, pre-empting the Vermont law.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For beverage companies such as Coca-Cola, the GMO debate adds to bigger problems. Per-person soda consumption in the U.S. fell to a 30-year low last year, according to Beverage Digest. And sales have continued to tumble in 2016.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PepsiCo Inc. announced that it was revamping its diet-cola line this week after slow sales.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hank campbell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">https://www.geneticliteracyproject.org/2016/06/29/coca-cola-reportedly-pulling-products-from-vt-over-gmo-labeling-law/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coca-Cola reportedly pulling products from VT over GMO labeling law</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/10/american-council-science-health-leaked-documents-fundraising</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">usrtk</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Why You Can’t Trust the American Council on Science and Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The American Council on Science and Health is a front group for the tobacco, agrichemical, fossil fuel, pharmaceutical and other industries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH’s “Medical/Executive Director” is Dr. Gilbert Ross.[2] In 1993, according to United Press International, Dr. Ross was “convicted of racketeering, mail fraud and conspiracy,” and was “sentenced to 47 months in jail, $40,000 in forfeiture and restitution of $612,855” in a scheme to defraud the Medicaid system.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH’s Dr. Ross was found to be a “highly untrustworthy individual” by a judge who sustained the exclusion of Dr. Ross from Medicaid for ten years.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has often billed itself as an “independent” group, and has been referred to as “independent” in the press. However, according to internal ACSH financial documents obtained by Mother Jones:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“ACSH planned to receive a total of $338,200 from tobacco companies between July 2012 and June 2013. Reynolds American and Phillip Morris International were each listed as expected to give $100,000 in 2013, which would make them the two largest individual donations listed in the ACSH documents.”[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“ACSH donors in the second half of 2012 included Chevron ($18,500), Coca-Cola ($50,000), the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation ($15,000), Dr. Pepper/Snapple ($5,000), Bayer Cropscience ($30,000), Procter and Gamble ($6,000), agribusiness giant Syngenta ($22,500), 3M ($30,000), McDonald’s ($30,000), and tobacco conglomerate Altria ($25,000). Among the corporations and foundations that ACSH has pursued for financial support since July 2012 are Pepsi, Monsanto, British American Tobacco, DowAgro, ExxonMobil Foundation, Philip Morris International, Reynolds American, the Koch family-controlled Claude R. Lambe Foundation, the Dow-linked Gerstacker Foundation, the Bradley Foundation, and the Searle Freedom Trust.”[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has received $155,000 in contributions from Koch foundations from 2005-2011, according to Greenpeace.[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Indefensible and incorrect statements on science </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claimed that “There is no evidence that exposure to secondhand smoke involves heart attacks or cardiac arrest.”[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Argued that “there is no scientific consensus concerning global warming. The climate change predictions are based on computer models that have not been validated and are far from perfect.”[9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Argued that fracking “doesn’t pollute water or air.”[10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claimed that “The scientific evidence is clear. There has never been a case of ill health linked to the regulated, approved use of pesticides in this country.”[11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Declared that “There is no evidence that BPA [bisphenol A] in consumer products of any type, including cash register receipts, are harmful to health.”[12]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Argued that the exposure to mercury, a potent neurotoxin, “in conventional seafood causes no harm in humans.”[13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">offit paul good on vaccine, but ...?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">useful tool in ~ alternative medicine?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://acsh.org/tag/dr-paul-offit/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hank Campbell, founder of the groundbreaking movement known as Science 2.0 as well as the heavily-visited website which bears its name, has been chosen as the new president of the American Council on Science and Health.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Since its inception in 1978, ACSH has been a trusted guide for the public on complex issues, and today that mission is more vital than ever,” said Campbell. “I look forward to guiding this outstanding organization to even greater heights.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2006, Campbell began using web-based technology and his prescient site to deliver sound, science-based health information directly to the public.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While he will bring his energetic and innovative approach to his new position, Campbell, 49, will also continue the course charted by the late Dr. Elizabeth Whelan, the Council’s longtime president, trailblazer and co-founder, who passed away in Sept. 2014 at the age of 70.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“In many ways,” Campbell continued, “Science 2.0 was inspired by the Council. Scientists have always known that anti-science groups use clever public relations to drive a wedge between the public and their work. So, in turn, they’ve smartly embraced the ability to communicate research directly to the consumer. ACSH provides them with a world-class opportunity to increase public understanding of science and health even more.”“Dr. Whelan was a giant on the public health scene, and her body of work advocating evidence-based decision-making – as well as her opposition to efforts promoting fear and doubt that undermine science – are part of our cultural DNA,” said Campbell. “Her energy and enthusiasm lives on with our core of experts. Putting people’s health needs first is the primary ideal for the panel of scientists and doctors we rely on, who help to ensure the public has a place to go for impartial, fact-based guidance.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hank Campbell’s Bio</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Founder of Science 2.0, the largest independent science writing site in the U.S., with more than 15 million annual visitors</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Prominent executive at Optimal Corp. & Ansoft Corp., two physics software companies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Co-author of Science Left Behind, an Amazon #1 Bestseller among environmental policy books</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former U.S. Army officer (1987-95), commissioned as Second Lieutenant</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Duquesne University graduate (1987)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pennsylvania native; married, father of two</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">milloy flurry of posts on:(by john1282 anaon ?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">many posts of epa holocaust bs; "secret sci" meme fail so far</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">also many posts on: </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hank Campbell picks up the issue on research funding and the NIH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Posted on August 21, 2015 by john1282 | 6 Comments</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As you might know the new exec at American Council on Science and Health (ASCH) is Hank Campbell, who started up Science 2.0</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Here below I pasted what I think is a thoughtful and informative essay on the research funding issue we mentioned in the last 2 days. I have a couple of comments that are critical of Hank’s analysis but we agree on the big point that big jumps in research funding are not necessarily going to be efficient or productive. Hank agrees but says more that needs to be said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Freeing Up Money For Science, Without Funding Waste</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Posted on August 20, 2015 by Hank Campbell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Congress has decided to boost funding for the National Institutes of Health by $9.3 billion over five years, and that is welcome news to researchers. But there are two ways we could have prevented life sciences researchers from feeling like they were being disrespected by the current White House administration.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The first is to recognize that the previous administration, and his same-party Congress, loved science a little too much and reset expectations somewhat. When NIH funding was basically doubled in a short period of time, it meant the creation of many new buildings for Johns Hopkins University and a whole raft of new R01 grants and hiring of post-docs to do research. However, science actually doesn’t get done that way. It is mostly a slow, measured process. If it was really possible to just spend more and get a result, we could throw $50 billion at cancer and solar power and the issues would be solved.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Instead of boosting science output, it created an artificial bubble. The current administration wanted to focus on solar panels, not biology, and academia was producing 600 percent more PhDs than were ever going to get faculty positions, which meant a glut of post-docs, and suddenly, the average age for getting a first grant became 40-plus.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">So while it was wonderful that the White House and Congress in the early 2000s were so pro-science, it didn’t help science to be over-funded in such a short period of time.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The second obstacle has been a lingering one: waste and duplication. Former Senator Tom Coburn, one of the few fiscals hawks in either House of Congress, used to issue an annual report of such waste in transportation, and the military, and in science. But scientists reacted no differently than any of those other special interest groups when their funding was critiqued. They cried foul and claimed they were being unfairly targeted. Yet they should have embraced it. He was telling them that they could easily have more funding if the government started spending the money already allocated in ways it was supposed to be spend — not to fund things that were not science (i.e. how people build relationships in Farmville, why political candidates make vague statements) and to prevent funding from becoming bureaucratic waste.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">More recently, a third issue has cropped up: Concern that even studies that are science may not be very good.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">I have written in the Wall Street Journal about reproducibility issues, and Adam Marcus and Ivan Oransky touch on it again today. A recent paper determined that half of examined papers could not be reproduced, and implied therefore they were flawed. But they are being too simplistic — reproducibility is actually a false metric in a lot of cases, so perhaps they mean replication, and erroneously use the terms interchangeably in their article.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yet definitions aside, the real issue is a modern Big Science culture that makes publishing things in a hurry so important in the chase for government money.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sixty percent of American basic research, and almost 100 percent of applied research, is corporate — and America produces the best science in the world, with five percent of the population generating over 30 percent of total output. By instead promoting government Science, Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) initiatives across multiple government departments at a cost of billions of dollars, we have created a belief in universities that only academic science is “real” science and everything else is basically some flavor of evil Big Pharma.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2/14 video http://www.democracynow.org/2014/2/21/silencing_the_scientist_tyrone_hayes_on</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Why You Can’t Trust the American Council on Science and Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The American Council on Science and Health is a front group for the tobacco, agrichemical, fossil fuel, pharmaceutical and other industries.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH’s “Medical/Executive Director” is Dr. Gilbert Ross.[2] In 1993, according to United Press International, Dr. Ross was “convicted of racketeering, mail fraud and conspiracy,” and was “sentenced to 47 months in jail, $40,000 in forfeiture and restitution of $612,855” in a scheme to defraud the Medicaid system.[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH’s Dr. Ross was found to be a “highly untrustworthy individual” by a judge who sustained the exclusion of Dr. Ross from Medicaid for ten years.[4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has often billed itself as an “independent” group, and has been referred to as “independent” in the press. However, according to internal ACSH financial documents obtained by Mother Jones:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“ACSH planned to receive a total of $338,200 from tobacco companies between July 2012 and June 2013. Reynolds American and Phillip Morris International were each listed as expected to give $100,000 in 2013, which would make them the two largest individual donations listed in the ACSH documents.”[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“ACSH donors in the second half of 2012 included Chevron ($18,500), Coca-Cola ($50,000), the Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation ($15,000), Dr. Pepper/Snapple ($5,000), Bayer Cropscience ($30,000), Procter and Gamble ($6,000), agribusiness giant Syngenta ($22,500), 3M ($30,000), McDonald’s ($30,000), and tobacco conglomerate Altria ($25,000). Among the corporations and foundations that ACSH has pursued for financial support since July 2012 are Pepsi, Monsanto, British American Tobacco, DowAgro, ExxonMobil Foundation, Philip Morris International, Reynolds American, the Koch family-controlled Claude R. Lambe Foundation, the Dow-linked Gerstacker Foundation, the Bradley Foundation, and the Searle Freedom Trust.”[6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has received $155,000 in contributions from Koch foundations from 2005-2011, according to Greenpeace.[7]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Indefensible and incorrect statements on science </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claimed that “There is no evidence that exposure to secondhand smoke involves heart attacks or cardiac arrest.”[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Argued that “there is no scientific consensus concerning global warming. The climate change predictions are based on computer models that have not been validated and are far from perfect.”[9]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Argued that fracking “doesn’t pollute water or air.”[10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Claimed that “The scientific evidence is clear. There has never been a case of ill health linked to the regulated, approved use of pesticides in this country.”[11]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Declared that “There is no evidence that BPA [bisphenol A] in consumer products of any type, including cash register receipts, are harmful to health.”[12]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Argued that the exposure to mercury, a potent neurotoxin, “in conventional seafood causes no harm in humans.”[13]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Footnotes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[2] “Meet the ACSH Team,” American Council on Science and Health website.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[3] “Seven Sentenced for Medicaid Fraud.” United Press International, December 6, 1993. See also correspondence from Tyrone T. Butler, Director, Bureau of Adjudication, State of New York Department of Health to Claudia Morales Bloch, Gilbert Ross and Vivian Shevitz, “RE: In the Matter of Gilbert Ross, M.D.” March 1, 1995. Bill Hogan, “Paging Dr. Ross.” Mother Jones, November 2005. Martin Donohoe MD FACP, “Corporate Front Groups and the Abuse of Science: The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH).”Spinwatch, June 25, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[4] Department of Health and Human Services, Departmental Appeals Board, Civil Remedies Division, In the Cases of Gilbert Ross, M.D. and Deborah Williams M.D., Petitioners, v. The Inspector General. June 16, 1997. Docket Nos. C-94-368 and C-94-369. Decision No. CR478.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[5] Andy Kroll and Jeremy Schulman, “Leaked Documents Reveal the Secret Finances of a Pro-Industry Science Group.” Mother Jones, October 28, 2013. “American Council on Science and Health Financial Report, FY 2013 Financial Update.” Mother Jones, October 28, 2013.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[6] Andy Kroll and Jeremy Schulman, “Leaked Documents Reveal the Secret Finances of a Pro-Industry Science Group.” Mother Jones, October 28, 2013. “American Council on Science and Health Financial Report, FY 2013 Financial Update.” Mother Jones, October 28, 2013.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[7] “Koch Industries Climate Denial Front Group: American Council on Science and Health (ACSH).” Greenpeace. See also Rebekah Wilce, “Kochs and Corps Have Bankrolled American Council on Science and Health.” PR Watch, July 23, 2014.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[8] Richard Craver, “The Effects of the Smoking Ban.” Winston-Salem Journal, December 12, 2012.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[9] Elizabeth Whelan, “’Global Warming’ Not Health Threat.” PRI (Population Research Institute) Review, January 1, 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[10] Elizabeth Whelan, “Fracking Doesn’t Pose Health Risks.” The Daily Caller, April 29, 2013.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[11] “TASSC: The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition,” p. 9. Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, University of California, San Francisco. November 21, 2001. Bates No. 2048294227-2048294237.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[12] “The Top 10 Unfounded Health Scares of 2012.” American Council on Science and Health, February 22, 2013.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[13] “The Biggest Unfounded Health Scares of 2010.” American Council on Science and Health, December 30, 2010.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> Food For Thought, Hall of Shame</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) poses as an independent science-based organization devoted to outing "junk science," but consumer advocates have called it "a consumer front organization for its business backers" that "glove[s] the hand that feeds it."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The majority of ACSH's funds have come from corporations and major foundations, but a new review of its funding sources by The Progressive Inc.'s Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) reveals that some of the hands that feed the group that bashes people concerned about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and chemicals used in factory farming, for example, are those of the Koch brothers, Charles and David Koch, through the Koch family fortune. Koch Industries profits from petroleum products like ammonia fertilizers and other agribusiness-related operations.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH Spins GMOs, Fracking, E-Cigarettes, and More</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In the last year, ACSH has published reports calling fracking "a safe and efficient path to energy independence," despite the hazardous chemical cocktail used in hydraulic fracturing, which spoils millions of gallons of fresh drinking water each year. ACSH's spin also ignores the growing amount of "natural gas" fracked in the U.S. that is exported to foreign countries -- as CMD began documenting in 2010 (and has been at the forefront of exposing the PR deception of national security claims like ACSH's). Now, the New York Times and other outlets are writing about the strong push by energy companies like Exxon for large quantities of liquid natural gas from fracking to be exported to Russia and elsewhere rather than kept for domestic use.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has also published claims about GMOs that make outrageous statements like "opposition to agricultural progress . . . causes blindness and death worldwide." ACSH has also made patently false and easily disprovable claims such as, "[T]here are no alternative technologies available to plant breeders with which new improved varieties can be created to overcome the current limitations of global agriculture to produce sufficient food, feed, fuel, and fiber on available land."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Traditional plant breeding continues to develop crop varieties that are better adjusted to local conditions, produce more, and have other beneficial traits. Take, for example, the work done by the Organic Seed Partnership, a collaborative effort of Oregon State University, the University of Wisconsin, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, and the Organic Seed Alliance.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tobacco was the rare consumer health hazard about which ACSH had publicly expressed concern. As a result, some of its funding from the food industry dried up after those companies were acquired by Philip Morris (now the global tobacco company Altria), which took umbrage at ACSH's position against tobacco. "ACSH's warnings about cigarette smoking resulted in the loss of substantial contributions from food manufacturers that had been acquired by tobacco companies," ACSH once stated on its website.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But ACSH has sinced received funding from Altria and at least one manufacturer of electronic cigarette maker called "The Safe Cig."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">With the rise of e-cigarettes -- and ACSH's receipt of funding from companies selling them -- ACSH has reversed course. It now advocates that "electronic cigarettes should be made as accessible as cigarettes. Electronic cigarettes should be sold widely and lightly regulated..." In another publication, it expresses the hope that the Food and Drug Administration will continue to "allow... millions of desperate addicted smokers continued access to this lifesaving technology."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">E-cig companies have been making the rounds at groups like ACSH as well as the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) and the State Policy Network (SPN) in search of third parties to help promote its product and derail regulation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kochs, DonorsTrust, Bradley, Searle, and Others Fund ACSH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to such corporate and trade group funders as ExxonMobil, Chevron, the American Petroleum Institute, Syngenta, Bayer CropScience, CropLife America, Procter and Gamble, the Personal Care Products Council, Coca-Cola, Dr. Pepper/Snapple, and McDonald's, ACSH funders have also included the Koch brothers' David H. Koch Foundation and Claude R. Lambe Foundation (which closed in early 2013), the Sarah Scaife Foundation, and the Bradley Foundation. In this partial list of funders (ACSH stopped disclosing its donors early in the 1990s), the second-largest funder is DonorsTrust, which is known for its "murky money maze" of anonymous right-wing funding connected to the Kochs.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH's funding stream overlaps significantly with the web of right-wing think tanks called the State Policy Network (SPN), which CMD has dubbed "stink tanks." For example, the Bodman Foundation, endowed by the investment banking fortune of the late George Bodman, has funded SPN members including New Jersey's Common Sense Institute and the Empire Center for New York State Policy as well as associate members the American Enterprise Institute, the Acton Institute, the Empire Center's parent group the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research, and the National Center for Policy Analysis. Altria (the global tobacco company), the Armstrong Foundation, the Bradley Foundation, Donors Capital Fund, DonorsTrust, the JM Foundation, the Claude R. Lambe Foundation, the Olin Foundation, and Searle Freedom Trust have all funded both ACSH and SPN.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Many of ACSH's funders also have ties to the controversial ALEC, which CMD has called a "corporate bill mill." Special interests such as 3M, Altria, the American Petroleum Institute, Bayer CropScience, the Bradley Foundation, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Chevron, Coca-Cola, CropLife America, Donors Capital Fund, DonorsTrust, Dr. Pepper/Snapple, ExxonMobil, the JM Foundation, the Claude R. Lambe Foundation, McDonald's, the Olin Foundation, PhRMA, Procter and Gamble, the Randolph Foundation, and Searle Freedom Trust have all funded both ACSH and ALEC.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See CMD's full review of ACSH's known financial underwriters below:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funder<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Amount Donated<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Funding source<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Years</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3M<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$30,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bodman Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$90,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>investment banking<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2007-2012[22][23][24][25][21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Altria<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$25,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$37,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>petroleum industry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21][8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amvac Chemical Corporation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$5,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Armstrong Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$15,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2003-2012[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bayer CropScience<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$30,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bradley Foundation, Lynde and Harry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$270,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>factory automation equipment manufacturer Allen-Bradley<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2004-2012[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bristol-Myers Squibb Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$300,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2002-2012[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chevron<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$18,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>oil<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coca-Cola<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$50,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CropLife America<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$25,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>pesticide industry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2004[34]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Distilled Spirits Council of the United States<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$30,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2008-2012[35][36][37]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dodge Jones Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$25,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>railroad and minerals<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2003,[38] 2010[39]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donors Capital Fund<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$89,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>anonymous "donor directed" fund<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2008-2011[40][8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DonorsTrust<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$534,574.62<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>anonymous "donor directed" fund<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2005-2011[40][8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr. Pepper/Snapple<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$5,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Earhart Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$212,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2002-2009[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ethox Chemicals<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$2,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ExxonMobil<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$240,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>petroleum<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2000-2012[8][21][41]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fragrance Materials Association of the United States, Inc.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$20,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2011[42]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Friedmann, Philip M. Family Charitable Trust<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$11,900<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Recycled Paper Greetings company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2003-2012[43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GE Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$396,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>General Electric (including a small amount of donations matching employees')<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2003-2012[52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gilder Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$5,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>stockbroker Richard Gilder<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2005[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">International Formula Council<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$10,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JM Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$15,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Borden Milk Company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1997[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kayser Family Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$2,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2006-2009[60][61][62][63]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kirby, F.M. Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$307,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Woolworth and Alleghany Companies<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1998-2012[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Koch, David H. Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$6,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Koch Industries<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1986-1987[8][64]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Olin Foundation, John M.<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$915,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Olin Corporation chemical<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1985-2004 (foundation closed in 2005)[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lambe, Claude R. Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$95,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Koch Industries<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2005-2008 (also contributed $30,000 in 2006 that was returned to the foundation in 2009)[65][66][67][68][69][8][64]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McDonald's<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$30,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nolan, David P. Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$250<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2010[70]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Opportunity Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$2,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2009-2012[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personal Care Products Council<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$20,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries, fragrances, etc.) industry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2011-2002[71][72][21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PhRMA<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$160,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>pharmaceutical industry<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2008-2010[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Procter and Gamble<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$6,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Randolph Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$73,920<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Vicks chemical company<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2006[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$27,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>oil<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1998-2001[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sarah Scaife Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$205,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Mellon industrial, oil, aluminum and banking<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>1985-1991[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Searle Freedom Trust<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$100,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>pharmaceuticals<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2007[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stare Fund<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$7,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Syngenta<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$22,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tepper Family Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2013[73][8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texmark Chemicals (David Smith)<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$5,000<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Safe Cig<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$4,100<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>electronic cigarette manufacturer<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tober, Barbara and Donald Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$23,500<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2007-2012[74][75][76][77][78][79]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Triad Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$35,000 ("Gen/fracking")<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>foundation endowed by media businessman Roy H. Park, formed in 2003 as a spin-off of the Park Foundation<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>2012[21]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Section: </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">News</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Topics: </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food and Agriculture</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">- See more at: http://www.progressive.org/news/2014/07/187795/kochs-and-corps-have-bankrolled-american-council-science-and-health#sthash.1xaii0KG.dpuf</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> srcwtch (updated?)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) describes itself as "a consumer education consortium concerned with issues related to food, nutrition, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, lifestyle, the environment and health." At one time the web site stated, "ACSH is an independent, nonprofit, tax-exempt organization. The nucleus of ACSH is a board of 350 physicians, scientists and policy advisors - experts in a wide variety of fields - who review the Council's reports and participate in ACSH seminars, press conferences, media communications and other educational activities." Currently that statement is changed to read, "ACSH is a national, non-profit, tax-exempt 501(c)(3) consumer health education and advocacy organization based in New York City." Note that the word "independent" no longer appears in the description.[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To its credit, it has taken a strong public position against the dangers of tobacco, one of the leading preventable causes of death in today's society. However, it takes a generally apologetic stance regarding virtually every other health and environmental hazard produced by modern industry, accepting corporate funding from Coca-Cola, Kellogg, General Mills, Pepsico, and the American Beverage Association, among others.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[hide]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1 History</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1.1 Independence</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 Media coverage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.1 WaPo 2010: McCaughey and death panels</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2.2 Coverage of ACSH Ties</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3 Case studies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.1 Alar and apples</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.2 Benzene in Soft Drinks</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.3 C. Everett Koop and ACSH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.4 Panic Attack</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.5 ACSH and Tobacco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.5.1 Whelan&ACSH oppostion to tobacco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.5.1.1 Tobacco industry reaction</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3.6 Sound Science Award</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4 Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.1 Original</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.2 2003 shortfall</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.3 Proportions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.4 Funders</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.4.1 1984 Funders</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4.4.2 Funders who withdrew</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5 Supporters</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6 Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.1 Board of Trustees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.1.1 December 2009</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.1.2 July 2004</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.2 Founders Circle</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.3 Scientific Advisors</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.4 Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6.5 Former staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7 Contact Information</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8 Related SourceWatch Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8.1 External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8.2 Articles by ACSH Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8.3 ACSH Annual Reports</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8.4 General Articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8.5 References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The website states that "ACSH was founded...by a group of scientists who had become concerned that many important public policies related to health and the environment did not have a sound scientific basis. These scientists created the organization to add reason and balance to debates about public health issues and bring common sense views to the public." [1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH director Elizabeth Whelan explains that the concept of ACSH emerged following being commissioned by Pfizer to produce a background paper on the 'Delaney Clause' in the 1958 Food Additive Amendment, which restricted the use of cancer causing chemicals in foods. Subsequently Whelan wrote Panic in the Pantry, a "book on the history of food scares", which was published in 1976.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH was founded by Whelan and Dr. Frederick Stare in March 1978, with the assistance of her father and husband as legal advisers."With assistance from former Secretary of the Treasury William Simon, ACSH was introduced to the Scaife Foundations and John M. Olin Foundation which provided ACSH with its first financial support," Whelan explained in a retrospective on the organization's 25th anniversary. [2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Independence</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A revealing reference regarding ACSH's origins appears in the March 1978 minutes of a meeting of the board of directors of the Manufacturing Chemists' Association (later renamed the Chemical Manufacturers Association, and known today as the American Chemistry Council). The minutes record an appeal by MCA director William J. Driver, who noted that Whelan had founded "a tax-exempt organization composed of scientists whose viewpoints are more similar to those of business than dissimilar. . . . ACSH is being pinched for funds, but in the interest of independence and credibility will not accept support from any chemical company or any company which could even remotely be concerned with the aims of the council." [3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Notwithstanding this desire to make ACSH appear independent, Driver added that "Dr. Whelan would be happy to hear from" MCA members who "are interested in the work of the council and know of possible sources of funds."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Media coverage</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">WaPo 2010: McCaughey and death panels</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Washington Post identified ACSH as "an industry-friendly group whose board member Betsy McCaughey helped set off the "death panels" frenzy" in the 2009 health care reform debate.[2]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coverage of ACSH Ties</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The conflict between ACSH's hidden sponsors and the views espoused occasionally rates a mention in media coverage too. Writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, Gloria Cooper wryly commented that the Today Show deserved a "dart" for "failing to meet truth-in-labeling standards." Cooper noted that in a June 12 2003 segment on the Today Show, Whelan had dismissed the suggestion of the New York Assemblyman Felix Ortiz that a 1 percent tax be placed on junk foods. "There is room in life for potato chips and Twinkies and all these other maligned foods if you don't eat huge amounts of them," Whelan said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Point well taken", Cooper wrote, "But one that viewers might well have taken with a mindful grain of salt, had they been given at least a clue to the organization that Whelan represents." [4]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Case studies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alar and apples</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"It was the great Alar scare of 1989 that boosted Whelan into the media stratosphere," Washington Post media reporter Howard Kurtz wrote in a 1990 article in the Columbia Journalism Review. ACSH and Whelan were fixtures on the anti-environmental scene long before the Alar issue emerged, downplaying risks from DDT, dioxin, asbestos, and a host of other polluting chemicals, but Whelan's prominent role in the Alar counter-publicity campaign helped make ACSH a common source for journalists seeking commentary on public health issues.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See Alar and apples</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Benzene in Soft Drinks</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See Benzene in Soft Drinks</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">C. Everett Koop and ACSH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See C. Everett Koop and ACSH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Panic Attack</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See Panic Attack: ACSH Fears Nothing but Fear Itself</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH and Tobacco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In December, 1980 ACSH co-founder Stare wrote to tobacco giant Philip Morris seeking financial support. "We are a voice of scientific reason in a sea of pseudo science, exaggeration and misnformation. We believe it would be to your benefit to help ACSH," he wrote. Stare explained that the "basic" ACSH corporate benefactor membership was $3,000 "but we hope you will contribute $10,000 or more."[3]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Whelan&ACSH oppostion to tobacco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Despite Stare's 1980 solicitation of funds from PM, Whelan was an early advocate against the tobacco industry. In December 1981 she wrote to Henry Waxman explaining that while they opposed government labelling restrictions on food additives such as saccharin and nitrites - "because there is no adequate data to support the hypothesis that these substances pose a risk to human health" - cigarettes was another matter altogether.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"In the case of cigarette smoking, however, the evidence is overwhelming. I believe it is the correct role of government to provide educational information on the health risks to consumers, and let the consumers make their own decisions," she wrote.[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When a new cigarette brand called "Satin" appeared with the slogan "Spoil yourself with Satin," the ACHS commended this in a newsletter as the first truthful cigarette ad because "our dictionary defines 'spoil' as 'to damage seriously; to ruin; to impair the quality or effect of.' What better way to describe a product which harms the lungs, heart and other organs, stains the teeth and fingers, promotes wrinkles, fouls the breath, and leaves an unpleasant odor on hair and clothing. Certainly the more than 300,000 Americans who died last year of smoking related diseases were 'spoiled' by cigarettes."(L. White, Merchants of Death, 1988)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1982 and 1986, ACSH conducted a survey of magazines to determine how well they covered the hazards of smoking and to explore the role that cigarette advertising might play in editorial policy. The studies clearly showed that the best coverage of smoking and health was presented in magazines that did not accept cigarette advertising.(L. White, Merchants of Death, 1988).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tobacco industry reaction</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The tobacco industry, tired of Whelan's criticism of their products, considered exploiting concern over her advocacy for the interests of funders. In 1983 the lobby shop Shook, Hardy and Bacon drafted a briefing note just in case Tobacco Institute representatives were quizzed on why they hadn't responded to letters from Whelan. "It is interesting that Dr. Whelan continues to make unequivocal assertions about cigarette smoking at the same time that she categorically rejects similar charges about other possible health hazards, such as chemicals and food additives," they wrote. [6]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"It suggests that Dr. Whelan may be using different scientific standards to judge claims about cigarettes smoking than about products manufactured by companies that would appear to have a vested interest in furthering views such as those expressed by Dr. Whelan. As you may be aware, it has been suggested in the press and elsewhere that her views about certain products are open to question because of the sources of funding for her organization," the briefing note stated.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sound Science Award</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH awarded author Michael Crichton its 2005 Sound Science Prize for "his defense of sound scientific principles and critiques of junk science" in his novel State of Fear.[4], although ACSH reportedly takes no stand on climate change. The ACSH has not awarded this prize before or since.[5]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Original</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"ACSH did not accept funding -- even general operating funding -- from any corporation or trade association for the first two years of operation," Whelan explained in 2003. ACSH's policy, she said, was to only accept funding only from foundations was soon relaxed. "For two years we tried that, but the media still regularly implied that ACSH had industry support … The ACSH Board of Directors concluded that what critics objected to was not ACSH's funding but ACSH's views -- and that in avoiding corporate donations we were limiting ACSH's fundraising potential to no avail," she wrote insisting that corporate funding must be "no strings attached".</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shortly after its founding, ACSH abandoned even the appearance of independent funding. In a 1997 interview, Whelan explained that she was already being called a "paid liar for industry," so she figured she might as well go ahead and take industry money without restrictions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2003 shortfall</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In its IRS Form 990 for its fiscal year ending June 30, 2003, ACSH reported revenues totalling $1,332,214 but ran a deficit that year just over $402,000. (In comparison, its total revenue for the year to June 30 1999 was $2,566,557). See ACSH financial data</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Faced with a budget shortfall, ACSH suspended the production of its newsletter, ACSH News, for eighteen months. [7] While ACSH's income has nosedived, salaries for the top three staff have climbed. In 2002-2003, the three highest paid staff - Whelan, Stier and Ross - accounted for $638,186 between them.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a year that the organisation ran a substantial deficit, the salaries of the top three accounted for 48% of the revenue for the year and over a third of the organisations total expenditure. While Stier and Ross took a pay cut of approximately 4.5% each in 2002-2003, Whelan's salary rose by over 11%.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Proportions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a speech marking the 25th anniversary of ACSH Whelan explained that about 40% of ACSH funding comes from private foundations, "about 40% from corporations, and the rest of the sale of ACSH publications", she wrote. "The important thing, though, is not the source of your funding but the accuracy of the points you make, and ACSH's scientific advisors and use of peer review keep us honest". [[8]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funders</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">During its first 15 years of operation, ACSH published the names of its institutional funders, but it has stopped doing this in recent years, making it harder to identify where all of its money comes from. In the latest years for which information is available, some 40 percent of ACSH's budget was supplied directly by industry, including a long list of food, drug and chemical companies that have a vested interest in supporting Whelan's message.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1984 Funders</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In its 1984 Annual report ACSH provided an extensive list of its corporate and foundations. [9] ACSH funders have included the following:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ALCOA Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allied Signals Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Cyanamid Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Meat Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amoco Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anheuser-Busch Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Archer Daniels Midland Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ashland Oil Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Boise Cascade Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bristol-Myers Fund, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Burger King Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Campbell Soup Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carnation Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chevron Environmental Health Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ciba-Geigy Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coca-Cola Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Consolidated Edison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cooper Industries Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Adolph Coors Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Crystal Trust</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shelby Cullum Davis Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dow Chemical Canada, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dow Corning Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ethyl Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FMC Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ford Motor Company Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frito-Lay</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Electric Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Mills, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Motors Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gerber Products Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rollin M. Gerstacker Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hershey Foods Corporation Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Heublein, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ICI Americas Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Johnson & Johnson</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Johnson's Wax Fund, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kellogg Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ester A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David H. Koch Charitable Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kraft Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kraft General Foods (now part of Altria Group)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Licensed Beverage Information Council</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas J. Lipton Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">M&M Mars</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Merck Company Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mobil Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Monsanto Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Agricultural Chemicals Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Dairy Council</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Soft Drink Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Starch and Chemical Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nestlé</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Samuel Roberts Nobel Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Northwood Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">NutraSweet Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John M. Olin Foundation Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oscar Mayer Foods</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pepsico Foundation Inc. (Pepsi-Cola)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pfizer Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pillsbury Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PPG Industries Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Procter & Gamble Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ralston Purina</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rohm & Haas Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Salt Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sarah Scaife Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Schultz Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">G.D. Searle Charitable Trust</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph E. Seagrams & Sons, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shell Oil Company Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stare Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Starr Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sterling Drug, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stouffer Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stroh Brewery Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sugar Association, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sun Company, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Syntex Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Union Carbide Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Uniroyal Chemical Co.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">USX Corp.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Warner-Lambert Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wine Growers of California</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Funders who withdrew</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to ACSH, some of its funding from the food industry dried up after those companies were acquired by Philip Morris, which does not like the position that ACSH has taken against tobacco. "ACSH's warnings about cigarette smoking resulted in the loss of substantial contributions from food manufacturers that had been acquired by tobacco companies. A metal pipe manufacturer withdrew its support after ACSH defended the safety of the proper use of plastic pipes," ACSH states on its website. [10]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Supporters</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While ACSH has never been far from controversy, it can draw on well-connected supporters. ABC News' John Stossel was the master of ceremonies at ACSH's 25th anniversary dinner on December 4, 2000.[11] (Stossel penned a commentary column - "The Anti-Junk Scientists" - lauding ACSH for that that days edition of the for the New York Post.) [12] Also attending was conservative humourist Christopher Buckley.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personnel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH has been headed by Elizabeth Whelan since its inception. Whelan makes no bones about her political leanings, describing herself as a lifelong conservative who is "more libertarian than Republican." According to media commentator Howard Kurtz, "Television producers like Whelan because she's colorful and succinct, skewering her adversaries with such phrases as 'toxic terrorists' and referring to their research as 'voodoo statistics.' Newspaper reporters often dial her number because she is an easily accessible spokesperson for the 'other' side of many controversies."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Board of Trustees</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">December 2009</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The ACSH board of Trustees, as of December 2009[6], is composed of:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nigel M. Bark, M.D., Albert Einstein College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elissa P. Benedek, M.D., University of Michigan Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James E. Enstrom, Ph.D., M.P.H., University of California, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Fauber, M.B.A., Moody's Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hon. Bruce S. Gelb, New York, NY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth McCaughey, Ph.D., Committee to Reduce Infection Deaths</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry I. Miller, M.D., The Hoover Institution</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rodney W. Nichols, The New York Academy of Sciences, President Emeritus</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George F. Ohrstrom, The Ohrstrom Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth M. Prager, M.D., Columbia University Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth Rose, Aim High Productons</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lee M. Silver, Ph.D., Princeton University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas P. Stossel, M.D., Harvard Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harold D. Stratton, Jr., J.D., Brownstein Hyatt Faber Schreck LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glenn Swogger, JR., M.D. The Menninger Clinic (ret.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">July 2004</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The ACSH board of Trustees, as of July 2004, was composed of:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John H. Moore Chairman of the Board, ACSH Grove City College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elissa P. Benedek, M.D. University of Michigan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Norman E. Borlaug, Ph.D. Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael B. Bracken, Ph.D., M.P.H. Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christine M. Bruhn, Ph.D. University of California</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Taiwo K. Danmola, C.P.A. Ernst & Young</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James E. Enstrom,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas R. DeGregori, Ph.D. University of Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry Miller, M.D. Hoover Institution</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. Alan Moghissi, Ph.D. Institute for Regulatory Science</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Albert Nickel Lyons Lavey Nickel Swift, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth M. Prager, M.D. Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen S. Sternberg, M.D. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark C. Taylor, M.D. Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lorraine Thelian from the PR company, Ketchum</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kimberly Thompson, Sc.D. Harvard School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth Whelan, Sc.D., M.P.H. American Council on Science and Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert J. White, M.D., Ph.D. Metrohealth Medical Center, OH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Founders Circle</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In December 2009 the ACSH listed the following individuals in its Founders Circle[6]:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christine M. Bruhn, Ph.D. University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Taiwo K. Danmola, C.P.A., Ernst & Young</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas R. DeGregori, Ph.D., University of Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. Alan Moghissi, Ph.D., Institute for Regulatory Science</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Albert G. Nickel, LyonHeart (ret.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen S. Sternberg, M.D., Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lorraine Thelian, Ketchum</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kimberly M. Thompson, Sc.D., Harvard School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert J. White, M.D., Ph.D., Case Western Reserve University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scientific Advisors</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As of December 2009, ACSH lists over 300 advisors; see ACSH Scientific advisors</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Staff, including the salaries and benefits to its top five employees were reported in ACSH's 2003 IRS return as follows:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth Whelan President $326,612</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jeff Steir, Associate Director, $155,577</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gilbert Ross, Medical Director, $155,997</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ruth Kava, Director of Nutrition, $67,639</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cheryl Martin, Associate Director, Internal Affairs $60,777</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judy D'Agostino Administrative Assistant</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Patricia A. Keenan Executive Assistant to the President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A Marcial C. Lapena Accountant</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yelena Ponirovskaya Art Director</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Todd Seavey Director of Publications $51,224</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tiffany Dovey Research Intern</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(Between the 1999 financial year to 2003, Whelan's salary climbed from $223,570 to $326,612; Stiers from $110,185 to $155,577 and Gilbert Ross's from $87,325 to 155,997). (See ACSH staff salaries).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Former staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nicolas Martin was ACSH's administrative director during parts of 1988 and 1989. He dubbed ACSH's President, Elizabeth Whelan, the "junk food queen" for her defense of companies who make products with low nutritional value.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Martin says that during his tenure with ACSH he saw or was informed of instances when funders were intimately involved in ACSH projects. Before Martin's arrival at the organization, ACSH published a booklet on sugar and health. He says that he was told by ACSH's then vice-president, Edward Remmers, that the booklet was printed in-house by The Hershey Company. Martin says that during his tenure ACSH was producing a booklet on alcohol and health that the Stroh Brewery Company participated in editing. Neither booklet included an acknowledgement of funder participation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Martin claims that in 1999 The Professional Lawn Care Association of America (PLCAA) asked ACSH to publish a booklet defending chemicals used for lawn care. He says that Dr. Whelan insisted that ACSH would only produce such a defense if the PLCAA made a donation to fund it. This is the sort of quid pro quo Dr. Whelan has always claimed that ACSH has never permitted.[13] Martin says that he notified ACSH board members of these apparent violations of ACSH policy, but that no public acknowledgement or correction resulted.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Martin disputes Dr. Whelan's claim to be a libertarian, noting that she has long supported government limits on the sale of food supplements, and controls over tobacco sale and use by adults. He notes that Dr. Whelan attended a fundraiser to support the Supreme Court nomination of Robert Bork, whose constitutional views are anathema to most libertarians.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From 1989 to the present, Martin has been executive director of the Consumer Health Education Council.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact Information</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Council on Science and Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1995 Broadway</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">New York, NY 10023-5860</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">phone: (212) 362-7044</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.acsh.org</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Related SourceWatch Resources</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Healthcare industry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donohoe MT, Corporate front groups and the abuse of science: the saga of the American Council on Science and Health Z Magazine, 2007 (October):42-6. Published version available at http://zmagsite.zmag.org/Oct2007/donohoe_print.html.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Referenced version available at web address above. This article discusses the threats to science and society posed by anti-science groups, focusing on American Council on Science and Health, and provides background on Elizabeth Whelan and Gilbert Ross. An open access powerpoint is available at Confronting pseudoscience and threats from a corporate front group - the American Council on Science and Health. No password necessary.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH 2009 IRS Form 990</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Articles by ACSH Staff</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth Whelan, "Where Did ACSH Come From?", Editorial, December 4, 2003.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth Whelan, "letter to Henry Waxman", Bates Number: 03741494, December 1981.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH Annual Reports</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Second Annual Report," American Council on Science and Health, 1979</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Seventh Annual Report," American Council on Science and Health, 1984</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Articles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Norman Borlaug the Poster Boy for Bogus Science, [14]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Interactive Network of Connections for ACSH [15]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center for Science in the Public Interest, ""Consumer Group" labeled front for industry", News Release, February 14, 1982.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peter Harnik, "Voodoo Science, Twisted Consumerism: the golden assurances of the American Council on Science and Health", Bates No 521021383, Center for Science in the Public Interest, January 1982.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, "The Junkyard Dogs of Science", PR Watch, Volume 5, No. 4, 4th Quarter 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Integrity Ain't Cheap", PR Watch, Volume 5, No. 4, 4th Quarter 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Flying the Koop: A Surgeon General's Reputation On the Line", PR Watch, Volume 5, No. 4, 4th Quarter 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Panic Attack: ACSH Fears Nothing but Fear Itself", PR Watch, Volume 5, No. 4, 4th Quarter 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"ACSH vs. Ashes: Tobacco's Worst Enemy, or a Smoke Screen?", PR Watch, Volume 5, No. 4, 4th Quarter 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wade Frazier , "Julian Simon, Whaling, and the 'Good News'". This essay looks primarily at the work of now-deceased conservative economist Julian Simon, but also includes commentary based on Frazier's close reading of several books authored by Elizabeth Whelan. It also provides details about Whelan's relationship with her mentor and ACSH co-founder Frederick Stare, a nutritional "expert" who specialized in the defense of sugar and fatty foods.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Republican Doctors to Gingrich: Shun Tobacco Industry. This story provides an example of Whelan's rather unusual approach to anti-tobacco activism. (She is critical of tobacco, yet opposes requiring cigarettes to carry the U.S. Surgeon General's warning label.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frederick Stare, "ACSH letter to Dr H R.R. Wakeham, Vice President, Science & Technology, Philip Morris", Bates Number: 1000283163/3165, December 5, 1980.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Howard Kurtz, "Dr. Whelan's Media Operation," Columbia Journalism Review, Vol. 8, No. 6 (March 1990), pp. 43-47.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"The ACSH: Forefront of Science, or Just a Front?", Consumer Reports, May 1994, p. 319.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gloria Cooper, "Darts & Laurels", Columbia Journalism Review, Issue 5, September/October 2003.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">W. Shinn (Shook Hardy & Bacon), "For Congressional hearings or more formal inquiries: Why no response to Elizabeth Whelan?", Bates No TIMN0140124/0126, 1983 (approx).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Stossel, "The Anti-Junk Scientists", New York Post, November 4, 2003.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roger P. Maickel, Ph.D. "ACSH Defended", PR Watch, Volume 6, No. 2, Second Quarter 1999. (A response by PR Watch follows this letter to the editor).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bill Hogan "Paging Dr. Ross: A doctor who defends corporations from "inconvenient" science has a secret of his own, Mother Jones, November/December 2005.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Stauber, Food Flack Nation Attacks Journalist Eric Schlosser, PRWatch.org, May 11, 2006.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? American Council on Science and Health About, organizational web page, accessed January 24, 2012</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Dan Eggen How interest groups behind health-care legislation are financed is often unclear Washington Post, January 7, 2010, Page A1</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Stare, FJ 3-page Letter, Bates No.1000283163/3165, Philip Morris document collection, December 5, 1980</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Author unknown (2005-11-08). Michael Crichton Accepts Award from ACSH. ACSH. Retrieved on 2010-11-17. “New York, NY -- November 8, 2005. The American Council on Science and Health (ACSH) presented Dr. Michael Crichton with the 2005 Sound Science Award for his defense of sound scientific principles and critiques of junk science...at the Union League Club in Manhattan on Friday, November 4th...drew an impressive crowd and featured remarks from such prominent individuals as ABC News's John Stossel and former White House Chief Counsel, the Honorable C. Boyden Gray, in addition to the guest of honor.”</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? Whelan, Nov. 2010, pers. comm.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? 6.0 6.1 ACSH Trustees and Founders Circle. American Council on Science and Health. Retrieved on 2009-12-24.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This article may include information from Tobacco Documents Online.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Search the Documents Archives of the Tobacco Industry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span>Legacy Tobacco Documents Library:<span style="white-space:pre"> </span> <span style="white-space:pre"> </span> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Categories: Tobaccowiki | Front groups portal | Tobacco documents organizations | Advertisement | Cigarettes | Diseases | Health | United States | Environment | Front groups</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Council_on_Science_and_Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, "The Junkyard Dogs of Science", PR Watch, Volume 5, No. 4, 4th Quarter 1998.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">http://www.prwatch.org/prwissues/1998Q4/dogs.html</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For the American Council on Science and Health (ACSH), the "phthalate issue" (pronounced "THAL ate") is just another "scare as usual"--another media fire needing to be extinguished.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The issue has been simmering for several years, but it reached a flash point in the United States in November 1998 when the environmental group Greenpeace issued a report showing that soft vinyl children's toys contain significant levels of toxic chemicals--up to 41 percent by weight. Greenpeace warned that children may ingest the chemicals, known as phthalates, if they put the toys in their mouths. "When children suck and chew on soft vinyl toys, it is similar to squeezing a sponge. Water comes out of a sponge, just as these toxic softeners can leach out of a toy," explained Joe Di Gangi, the author of the Greenpeace report.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Greenpeace was not alone on the issue. Health authorities in several other countries, including Austria, Denmark and Sweden, had already issued regulations banning phthalates. Similar measures were under consideration, along with warning advisories to parents and requests for retailers to voluntarily recall vinyl toys, in half a dozen other European countries and Canada.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH responded to the "scare" the way it has responded on many similar past occasions, by announcing that it was forming a committee to study the question, headed by former U.S. Surgeon-General Dr. C. Everett Koop.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Dr. Koop will oversee the blue ribbon committee's work and ensure that the most qualified scientists are recruited to look at the science on phthalates," said ACSH president Elizabeth Whelan. "We know that people want to hear from independent scientists and physicians on important safety issues. The committee's report will provide an authoritative point of view on the safety of phthalates in vinyl products."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Most people who read the news probably concluded that ACSH--described in numerous stories as a "health advocacy group"--was some sort of impartial consumer organization that could be expected to look seriously at the issue. Some reports noted vaguely that ACSH "gets some funding from industry." Overall, however, the media did such a thorough job of obscuring ACSH's identity as an industry front group that Plastics News, an industry trade publication, mistakenly credited ACSH for beginning the "barrage" against the plastics industry over the phthalate issue.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In fact, ACSH is anything but a critic of industry. Since its founding in 1978, it has actively courted industry support, offering itself as an off-the-shelf, available-on-demand source of "sound scientific expertise" in defense of virtually every form and type of industrial pollution known to the 20th century.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Following the Money</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">For public consumption, ACSH calls itself "a science-based, public health group that is directed by a board of 300 leading physicians and scientists . . . providing mainstream, peer reviewed scientific information to American consumers."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">When appealing to industry, ACSH uses a different pitch. A revealing reference crops up, for example, in the minutes of a March 16, 1978 meeting of the board of directors of the Manufacturing Chemists' Association (today known as the Chemical Manufacturers Association).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Written in the same month that ACSH began operating, the minutes record an appeal by MCA director William J. Driver, who noted that Whelan had founded "a tax-exempt organization composed of scientists whose viewpoints are more similar to those of business than dissimilar. . . . ACSH is being pinched for funds, but in the interest of independence and credibility will not accept support from any chemical company or any company which could even remotely be concerned with the aims of the council."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Notwithstanding this desire to make ACSH appear independent, Driver added that "Dr. Whelan would be happy to hear from" MCA members who "are interested in the work of the council and know of possible sources of funds."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shortly after its founding, ACSH abandoned even the appearance of independent funding. In a 1997 interview, Whelan explained that she was already being called a "paid liar for industry," so she figured she might as well go ahead and take industry money without restrictions.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Today, some 40 percent of ACSH's $1.5 million annual budget is supplied directly by industry, including a long list of food, drug and chemical companies that have a vested interest in supporting Whelan's message.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stacking the Deck</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH claims to be an "independent, nonprofit, tax-exempt organization" that adds "reason and balance to debates about public health issues." Whatever "balance" means, however, it definitely doesn't mean ideological neutrality. ACSH is unabashedly right-wing and pro-industry. Whelan makes no bones about her political leanings, describing herself as a lifelong conservative who is "more libertarian than Republican." ACSH's board of directors is also heavily stacked with right-wing ideologues.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Take, for example, ACSH board chairman A. Alan Moghissi. A former official with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Moghissi characterizes environmentalism as a belief that "members of endangered species deserve protection and that, because there are billions of humans, humanity does not qualify for protection."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As an "expert on risk assessment," Moghissi appears regularly on rosters of industry-supported "expert panels" that work to undermine environmental regulations. He serves on the advisory board of numerous anti-environmental organizations and right-wing "think tanks," including the American Policy Center's "EPA Watch," the Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow, the Advancement of Sound Science Coalition, and the National Wilderness Institute, a "wise use" anti-environmental organization that calls for abolition of the Endangered Species Act.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1990, Moghissi served on a panel created by the far-right Competitive Enterprise Institute, in league with Consumer Alert and the National Consumer Coalition to challenge the EPA's policy requiring asbestos removal from schools and other public buildings.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Moghissi also chairs the Science Advisory Committee of the Environmental Issues Council (EIC), which was established in 1993 by industry trade associations including the Association of American Farm Bureaus, the Association of General Contractors, the National Cattleman's Association, the American Pulpwood Association, the Natural Gas Supply Association, the United States Business and Industrial Council, the Mountain States Legal Foundation (MSLF), as well as the Independent Petroleum Association of America (IPAA).</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The purpose of the EIC was to serve as a "new ally against ill-conceived environmental regulation" according to Petroleum Independent, an IPAA trade publication. "The industries represented face common problems," it explained. "The spotted owl might seem to be an active threat only to the timber industry but is in actuality a direct threat to agriculture, mining and virtually any land user. In addition to the Endangered Species Act, all industries are seriously threatened by federal policies regarding wetlands, hazardous waste, and a multitude of other environmental issues."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other members of the ACSH board of directors include:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Attorney Jerald Hill, a former long-time president of the Landmark Legal Foundation, which appears in the Heritage Foundation's list of conservative "resource organizations." A recipient of funding from right-wing gazillionaire Richard Mellon Scaife, Landmark has a $1 million annual budget and a reputation as a "conservative's American Civil Liberties Union." It has filed lawsuits against labor unions and school desegregation and has fought for legislation that would allow parents to direct public education funding toward their children's private schools. (Whitewater special investigator Kenneth Starr also has ties to Landmark, which has focused heavily in recent years on hyping the Clintongate scandals.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fredric Steinberg of Mainstreet Health Care, a private HMO in Atlanta, Georgia, who regards Canada's single-payer healthcare system as "the socialized road to medical oblivion."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry Miller, a former FDA official now at the Hoover Institution, who regularly grinds an ax against what he considers the FDA's "extraordinarily burdensome regulations" regarding genetically engineered foods and new drugs. In 1996, Miller also editorialized against the FDA's proposal to regulate tobacco. "The FDA's anti-tobacco initiative . . . has not been without its own costs to American consumers and taxpayers," he stated, describing FDA commissioner David Kessler as "personally consumed by this single issue."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In addition to the board of directors, ACSH also has a 300-member "board of scientific and policy members." As journalist Beatrice Trum Hunter observes, however, "Many of the advisory board members from academia serve in departments of food science and technology, mainly supported by the generosity of commercial food interests."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other advisors include familiar names from the list of "usual suspects" who appear regularly as scientific experts in a variety of anti-environmental, pro-industry forums: Dennis Avery, Michael Gough, Patrick J. Michaels, Stephen Safe, and S. Fred Singer, to name a few. Several, including Floy Lilley and J. Gordon Edwards, as well as Moghissi, have written articles for 21st Century and Technology, a publication affiliated with lunatic-fringe conspiracy theorist Lyndon LaRouche.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PR Connections</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The 17-member ACSH board of directors also includes representatives from two PR and advertising firms: Albert Nickel of Lyons Lavey Nickel Swift (their motto: "We change perceptions"), and Lorraine Thelian of Ketchum Communications.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some 40 percent of ACSH's</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$1.5 million annual budget</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">is supplied directly by industry,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">including a long list of food, drug</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">and chemical companies that</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">have a vested interest in</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">supporting Whelan's message.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thelian is a Ketchum senior partner and director of its Washington, DC office, which handles the bulk of the firm's "environmental PR work" on behalf of clients including Dow Chemical, the Aspirin Foundation of America, Bristol Myers Squibb, the American Automobile Manufacturers Association, the Consumer Aerosol Products Council, the National Pharmaceutical Council, the North American Insulation Manufacturers Association, and the American Industrial Health Council, another industry-funded group that lobbies against what it considers "excessive" regulation of carcinogens. Ketchum boasts that the D.C. office "has dealt with issues ranging from regulation of toxins, global climate change, electricity deregulation, nuclear energy, product and chemical contamination, and agricultural chemicals and Superfund sites, to name but a few."</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1994, for example, Ketchum's DC office worked on behalf of Dow and the Chlorine Chemistry Council to round up scientists who would challenge the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 1994 report on the health effects of dioxin. Even before the report was released, Ketchum swung into action with a 30-city PR blitz designed to undercut press coverage for the EPA report. "We identified a number of independent scientists and took them on the road" to meet with journalists, academics, political leaders and local health officials, Mark Schannon, an associate director of Ketchum's Washington office, said. "Basically what we're trying to do is assure that industry's voice is heard by people who make policy decisions both here and around the country," Schannon said.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Published in PR Watch, Fourth Quarter 1998, Volume 5, No. 4</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Previous story: Flack Attack</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Next story: Integrity Ain't Cheap</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> =</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Non-Profit Organizations Receiving Corporate Funding </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Index of Non-Profit Organizations Receiving Corporate Funding</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">AMERICAN COUNCIL ON SCIENCE AND HEALTH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The following groups contributed to ACSH, according to ACSH’s 1991 annual report. ACSH stopped disclosing corporate donors in the early 1990s.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$25,000 and above</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Cyanamid Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anheuser-Busch Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Electric Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rollin M. Gerstacker Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ICI Agricultural Products, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ISK Biotech Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kraft, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Monsanto Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The NutraSweet Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John M. Olin Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pfizer, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sarah Scaife Foundation Incorporated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Starr Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$15,000 to $24,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Archer Daniels Midland Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carnation Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ciba-Geigy Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ethyl Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Mills, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Heublein Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hiram Walker-Allied Vintners</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Johnson & Johnson</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kellogg Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Esther A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Malysian Palm Oil Promotion Council</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Starch and Chemical Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PepsiCo Foundation Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Union Carbide Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$10,000 to $14,999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Aetna Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Bristol-Myers Squibble Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chevron Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dow Chemical U.S.A</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">E. I. DuPont De Nemours & Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">FMC Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Gerber Companies Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hershey Foods Corporation Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas J. Lipton Foundation, Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Agricultural Chemicals Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Soft Drink Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Procter & Gamble Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rohm & Haas Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph R. Seagram &Sons, Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Searle Charitable Trust</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shell Oil Company Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sterling Winthrop Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Sugar Association, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000 to $9,999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alcoa Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allied-Signal Foundation Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Amax Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Becton Dickinson Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Campbell Soup Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cargrill Fertilizer Division</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Coca-Cola Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cooper Industries Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Consolidated Edison Company of New York, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Distilled Spirits Council of the United States</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ford Motor Company Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frito-Lay, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Georgia-Pacific Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Heinz U.S.A</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">IMC Fertilizer, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">KPMG Peat Marwick</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McCormick & Company, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mobil Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Live Stock & Meat Board</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Olin Corporation Charitable Trust</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PPG Industries Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pepsi-Cola Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Reader’s Digest Association, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Simpson Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Stare Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sun Company, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">USX Foundation Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Warner-Lambert Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$1,000 to $4,999</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ag Processing Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alliance of American Insurers</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Egg Board</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Petroleum Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ASARCO Incorporated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Baltimore Gas and Electric Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Banbury Fund, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Boardroom Reports, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Borden Foundation Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bristol-Myers Company U.S Nutritional Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Burroughs Wellcome Co.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chiquita Brands, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coca-Cola Foods</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coltec Charitable Foundation, Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Connair Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CPC International, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Crompton & Knowles Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">R.R. Donnelley & Sons Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Dover Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eli Lilly and Company Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GenCorp Foundation Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hammond Lead Products, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Hartford Insurance Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hoffman-La Roche Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Geo. A. Hormel & Co.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gulf States Paper Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Indianapolis Power & Light Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">International Flavors & Fragrances Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F. M. Kirby Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Liberty Mutual Insurance Group / Boston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">M & M Mars</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Midwest Grain Products, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Millipore Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mobay Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Morton International, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Nalco Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Cattlemen’s Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Pork Producers Council</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nestle, S.A.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Occidental Petroleum Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Phillips Petroleum Foundation, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reilly Industries, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rockwell International</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sandoz Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shell International Petroleum</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Maatachappij B.V.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SmithKline Beckman Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Stouffer Corporation Fund</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Syntex Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United States Sugar Corporation Charitable Trust</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Upjohn Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Whirlpool Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wine Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Witco Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(ACSH Annual Report, 1991; on file at CSPI)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH Corporate Donors 1997:</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Abbott Laboratories<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$13,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American International Group<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$150,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bristol-Myers Squibb<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$17,500</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ConAgra<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$15,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Eaton<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$1,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Exxon Mobil<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$15,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">General Electric<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$25,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">PepsiCo<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$20,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Procter & Gamble<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$12,500</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texaco<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$10,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Union Carbide<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$20,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Total<span style="white-space:pre"> </span>$299,000</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(Yablonski, Christopher. Patterns of Corporate Philanthropy: A Mandate for Reform,Capital Research Center 2001, page 123: available athttp://www.capitalresearch.org/pubs/pdf/x3760651772.pdf; accessed 8/5/03)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH EXECUTIVE STAFF</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth M. Whelan, Sc.D., M.P.H. President</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH BOARD OF DIRECTORS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John H. Moore, Ph.D., M.B.A.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chairman of the Board, ACSH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Grove City College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elissa P. Benedek, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Michigan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Norman E. Borlaug, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael B. Bracken, Ph.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christine M. Bruhn, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Taiwo K. Danmola, C.P.A.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ernst & Young</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas R. DeGregori, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry I. Miller, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hoover Institution</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. Alan Moghissi, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Institute for Regulatory Science</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Albert G. Nickel</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lyons Lavey Nickel Swift, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth M. Prager, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen S. Sternberg, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark C. Taylor, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lorraine Thelian</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ketchum Public Relations</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kimberly M. Thompson, Sc.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harvard School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth M. Whelan, Sc.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Council on Science and Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert J. White, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Metrohealth Medical Center, OH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(http://www.acsh.org/about/; accessed 6/13/03)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">pdf of how industry does good studies</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CHAIRMAN VICE CHAIRMAN Henry G. Grabowski, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Duke University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Ian Gray, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William W. Greaves, M.D., M.S.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Medical College of Wisconsin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth Green, D.Env.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Interprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Laura C. Green, Ph.D., D.A.B.T.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cambridge Environmental, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard A. Greenberg, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hinsdale, IL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sander Greenland, Dr.P.H., M.S., M.A.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">UCLA School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gordon W. Gribble, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dartmouth College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Grierson, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Florida</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lester Grinspoon, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harvard Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F. Peter Guengerich, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Vanderbilt University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Caryl J. Guth, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Advance, NC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip S. Guzelian, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Colorado</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Terryl J. Hartman, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clare M. Hasler, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Robert Mondavi Institute of Wine and </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Food Science, University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Virgil W. Hays, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Kentucky</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cheryl G. Healton, Dr.PH.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mailman School of Public Health of </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Columbia University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clark W. Heath, Jr., M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Cancer Society</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dwight B. Heath, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brown University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Heimer, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yale School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert B. Helms, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zane R. Helsel, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rutgers University, Cook College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James D. Herbert, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Drexel University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gene M. Heyman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard M. Hoar,Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Williamstown, MA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Theodore R. Holford, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert M. Hollingworth, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edward S. Horton, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph H. Hotchkiss, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steve E. Hrudey, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Alberta</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peter Barton Hutt, Esq.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Covington & Burling, LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susanne L. Huttner, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Berkeley</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lucien R. Jacobs, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alejandro R. Jadad, M.D., D.Phil., F.R.C.P.C.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Toronto</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rudolph J. Jaeger, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental Medicine, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William T. Jarvis, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Loma Linda University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth H. Jeffery,Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Illinois, Urbana</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Kamrin, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John B. Kaneene, D.V.M., M.P.H., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">P. Andrew Karam, Ph.D., CHP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MJW Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip G. Keeney, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kathryn E. Kelly, Dr.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Delta Toxicology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George R. Kerr, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Texas, Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George A. Keyworth II, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Progress & Freedom Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F. Scott Kieff, J.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Washington University School of Law</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Kirsch, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Highland Heights, OH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John C. Kirschman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allentown, PA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald E. Kleinman, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Massachusetts General Hospital/</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harvard Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leslie M. Klevay, M.D., S.D. in Hyg.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of North Dakota School of </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Medicine and Health Sciences</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David M. Klurfeld, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. Department of Agriculture</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kathryn M. Kolasa, Ph.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">East Carolina University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James S. Koopman, M.D, M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Michigan School of Public </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alan R. Kristal, Dr.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wake Forest University Baptist Medical </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mitzi R. Krockover, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SSB Solutions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Manfred Kroger, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Laurence J. Kulp, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Puyallup, WA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sandford F. Kuvin, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Miami School of Medicine/ </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hebrew University of Jerusalem</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carolyn J. Lackey, Ph.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">North Carolina State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">J. Clayburn LaForce, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert G. Lahita, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mount Sinai School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James C. Lamb, IV, Ph.D., J.D., D.A.B.T.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Weinberg Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawrence E. Lamb, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">San Antonio, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William E. M. Lands, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">College Park, MD</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lillian Langseth, Dr.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lyda Associates, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian A.Larkins, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Arizona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Larry Laudan, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Autonomous University of Mexico</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tom B. Leamon, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Liberty Mutual Insurance Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jay H. Lehr, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental Education Enterprises, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian C. Lentle, M.D., FRCPC, DMRD</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of British Columbia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Floy Lilley, J.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Fernandina Beach, FL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paul J. Lioy, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William M. London, Ed.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">California State University, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frank C. Lu, M.D., BCFE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Miami, FL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William M. Lunch, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oregon State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Howard D. Maccabee, Ph.D., M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alamo, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Janet E. Macheledt, M.D., M.S., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Houston, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry G. Manne, J.S.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George Mason University Law School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Karl Maramorosch, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rutgers University, Cook College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judith A. Marlett, Ph.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Wisconsin, Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawrence J. Marnett, Ph.D. </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Vanderbilt University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James R. Marshall, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roswell Park Cancer Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roger O. McClellan, D.V.M., M.M.S., DABT, DABVT, FATS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Toxicology and Risk Analysis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mary H. McGrath, M.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, San Francisco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alan G. McHughen, D.Phil.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Riverside</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James D. McKean, D.V.M., J.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Iowa State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph P. McMenamin, M.D., J.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">McGuireWoods, LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Patrick J. Michaels, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Virginia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas H. Milby, M.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Walnut Creek, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph M. Miller, M.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Durham, NH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard K. Miller, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Rochester</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William J. Miller,Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Georgia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dade W. Moeller, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harvard University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Grace P. Monaco, J.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Medical Care Ombudsman Program</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian E. Mondell, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Baltimore Headache Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John W. Morgan, Dr.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">California Cancer Registry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen J. Moss, D.D.S., M.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">New York University College of Dentistry/ </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Health Education Enterprises, Inc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brooke T. Mossman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Vermont College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allison A. Muller, Pharm.D</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ian C. Munro, F.A.T.S., Ph.D., FRCPath</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cantox Health Sciences International</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anthony W. Myres, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Health Canada</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harris M. Nagler, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Beth Israel Medical Center/ Albert Einstein </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel J. Ncayiyana, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Durban Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip E. Nelson, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Purdue University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joyce A. Nettleton, D.Sc., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Denver, CO</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John S. Neuberger, Dr.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Kansas School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gordon W. Newell, Ph.D., M.S., F.-A.T.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cupertino, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas J. Nicholson, Ph.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Western Kentucky University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert J. Nicolosi, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Massachusetts, Lowell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven P. Novella, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James L. Oblinger, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">North Carolina State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paul A. Offit, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Patrick O’Grady, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tufts University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James E. Oldfield, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Oregon State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley T. Omaye, Ph.D., F.-A.T.S., F.ACN, C.N.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Nevada, Reno</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael T. Osterholm, Ph.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael W.Pariza, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Wisconsin, Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stuart Patton, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pennsylvania State University </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Marc Perrin, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mass General Hospital for Children</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timothy Dukes Phillips, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MaryFrances Picciano, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Institutes of Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David R. Pike, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas T. Poleman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GaryP.Posner, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tampa, FL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John J. Powers, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Georgia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William D. Powrie, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of British Columbia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">C.S. Prakash, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tuskegee University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marvin P. Pritts, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel J. Raiten, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Institute of Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David W. Ramey, D.V.M.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ramey Equine Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">R.T. Ravenholt, M.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Population Health Imperatives</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Russel J. Reiter, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Texas, San Antonio</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William O. Robertson, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Washington School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">J. D. Robinson, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Georgetown University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brad Rodu, D.D.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Louisville</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bill D. Roebuck, Ph.D., D.A.B.T.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dartmouth Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David B. Roll, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The United States Pharmacopeia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dale R. Romsos, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph D. Rosen, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cook College, Rutgers University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven T. Rosen, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Northwestern University Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley Rothman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Smith College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen H. Safe, D.Phil.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wallace I. Sampson, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanford University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harold H. Sandstead, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Texas Medical Branch</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles R. Santerre, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Purdue University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sally L. Satel, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lowell D. Satterlee, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Vergas, MN</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark V. Sauer, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Columbia University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jeffrey W. Savell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marvin J. Schissel, D.D.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roslyn Heights, NY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edgar J. Schoen, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kaiser Permanente Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David Schottenfeld, M.D., M.Sc.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Michigan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joel M. Schwartz, M.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">American Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David E. Seidemann, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brooklyn College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Patrick J. Shea, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael B. Shermer, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Skeptic Magazine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">SidneyShindell, M.D., LL.B.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Medical College of Wisconsin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sarah Short, Ph.D., Ed.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Syracuse University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. J. Siedler, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marc K. Siegel, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">New York University School of Medicine </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael S. Simon, M.D., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wayne State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Fred Singer, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Science & Environmental Policy Project</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert B. Sklaroff, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elkins Park, PA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anne M. Smith, Ph.D., R.D., L.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ohio State University </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GaryC. Smith, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Colorado State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John N.Sofos, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Colorado State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roy F. Spalding, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leonard T. Sperry, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Florida Atlantic University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert A. Squire, D.V.M., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Johns Hopkins University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald T. Stanko, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James H. Steele, D.V.M., M.P.H.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Texas, Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert D. Steele, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judith S. Stern, Sc.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald D. Stewart, O.C., M.D., FRCPC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dalhousie University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Martha Barnes Stone, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Colorado State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jon A. Story, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Purdue University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael M. Sveda, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gaithersburg, MD</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glenn Swogger, Jr., M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Topeka, KS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sita R. Tatini, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DickTaverne</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">House of Lords, UK</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steve L. Taylor, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Andrea D. Tiglio, Ph.D., J.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Townsend and Townsend and Crew, LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James W. Tillotson, Ph.D., M.B.A.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tufts University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dimitrios Trichopoulos, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harvard School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Murray M. Tuckerman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Winchendon, MA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert P. Upchurch, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Arizona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">MarkJ. Utell, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Rochester Medical CenterShashi B. Verma, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Willard J. Visek, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Illinois College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lynn Waishwell, Ph.D., C.H.E.S.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Medicine and Dentistry of New </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jersey, School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian Wansink, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Miles Weinberger, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Weisburger, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">New York Medical College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Janet S. Weiss, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The ToxDoc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Simon Wessley, M.D., FRCP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">King’s College London and Institute of </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Psychiatry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven D. Wexner, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cleveland Clinic Florida</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joel Elliot White, M.D., F.A.C.R.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Danville, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John S. White, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">White Technical Research</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carol Whitlock, Ph.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rochester Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christopher F. Wilkinson, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wilmington, NC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark L. Willenbring, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alcoholism </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carl K. Winter, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James J. Worman, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rochester Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Russell S. Worrall, O.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of California, Berkeley</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Stanley Young, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Iowa</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven H. Zeisel, M.D., Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of North Carolina</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael B. Zemel, Ph.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nutrition Institute, University of Tennessee</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ekhard E. Ziegler, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">University of Iowa</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The opinions expressed in ACSH publications do not necessarily represent the views of all members of the ACSH Board of Trustees, Founders Circle and Board of Scientific and Policy Advisors, who all serve without compensation.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACSH STAFF</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EUN HYE CHOI</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ART DIRECTOR</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JUDITH A. D’AGOSTINO</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CORRIE DRIEBUSCH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">RESEARCH ASSOCIATE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">RUTH KAVA, PH.D., R.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DIRECTOR OF NUTRITION</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. MARCIAL C. LAPEÑA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ACCOUNTANT</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CHERYL E. MARTIN</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">KELLY MCCLUNG</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANT</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">GILBERT L. ROSS, M.D.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EXECUTIVE AND MEDICAL DIRECTOR </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">TODD SEAVEY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">JEFF STIER, ESQ.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">KRYSTAL WILSON</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">RESEARCH ASSOCIATE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As of January 2010, the Scientific Advisors of the American Council on Science and Health were:[1]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scientific advisors in January 2010</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ernest L. Abel, Ph.D., C.S. Mott Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gary R. Acuff, Ph.D., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Casimir C. Akoh, Ph.D., University of Georgia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peter C. Albertsen, Ph.D., University of Connecticut</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Julie A. Albrecht, Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip Alcabes, Ph.D., Hunter College, CUNY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James E. Alcock, Ph.D., Glendon College, York University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas S. Allems, M.D., M.P.H., San Francisco, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard G. Allison, Ph.D., Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John B. Allred, Ph.D., Ohio State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip R. Alper, M.D., University of California, San Francisco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Karl E. Anderson, M.D., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jerome C Arnett, Jr., M.D., Elkins, WV</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dennis T. Avery, Hudson Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald P. Bachman, M.D., Kaiser-Permanente Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Heejung Bang, Ph.D., Weill Medical College of Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert S. Baratz, D.D.S., Ph.D., M.D., International Medical Consultation Services</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen Barrett, M.D., Pittsboro, NC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas G. Baumgartner, Pharm.D., M.Ed., University of Florida</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">W. Lawrence Beeson, Dr.P.H., Loma Linda University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sir Colin Berry, D.Sc., Ph.D., M.D., Institute of Pathology, Royal London Hospital</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William S. Bickel, Ph.D., University of Arizona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven Black, M.D., Kaiser-Permanente Vaccine Study Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Blaine L. Blad, Ph.D., Kanosh, UT</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hinrich L. Bohn, Ph.D., University of Arizona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ben W. Bolch, Ph.D., Rhodes College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph F. Borzelleca, Ph.D., Medical College of Virginia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael K. Botts, Esq., Alexandria, VA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George A. Bray, M.D., Pennington Biomedical Research Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald W. Brecher, Ph.D., C.Chem., DABT, GlobalTox International Consultants, Inc.,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert L. Brent, M.D., Ph.D., Thomas Jefferson University / A. l. duPont Hospital for Children</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allan Brett, M.D., University of South Carolina</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth G. Brown, Ph.D., KBinc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gale A. Buchanan, Ph.D., Adel, GA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Patricia A. Buffler, Ph.D., M.P.H., University of California Berkley</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George M. Burditt, J.D., Bell, Boyd & Lloyd LLC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edward E. Burns, Ph.D., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Francis F. Busta, Ph.D., University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elwood F. Caldwell, Ph.D., M.B.A., University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zerle L. Carpenter, Ph.D., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert G. Cassens, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ercole L. Cavalieri, D.Sc., University of Nebraska</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Russell N. A. Cecil, M.D., Ph.D., Albany Medical College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rino Cerio, M.D., Barts and The London Hospital Institute of Pathology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Morris E. Chafetz, M.D., Health Education Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sam K. C. Chang, Ph.D., North Dakota State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bruce M. Chassy, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David A. Christopher, Ph.D., University of Hawaii</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Martha A. Churchill, Esq., Milan, MI</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Emil William Chynn, M.D., FACS., M.B.A., New York Eye & Ear Infirmary</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dean O. Cliver, Ph.D., University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F. M. Clydesdale, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donald G. Cochran, Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">W. Ronnie Coffman, Ph.D., Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bernard L. Cohen, D.Sc., University of Pittsburgh</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John J. Cohrssen, Esq., Arlington, VA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gerald F. Combs, Jr., Ph.D., USDA Grand Forks Human Nutrition Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gregory Conko, J.D., Competitive Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael D. Corbett, Ph.D., Omaha, NE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Morton Corn, Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nancy Cotugna, Dr.Ph., R.D., C.D.N., University of Delaware</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">H. Russell Cross, Ph.D., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William J. Crowley, Jr., M.D., M.B.A., Spicewood, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James W. Curran, M.D., M.P.H., Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles R. Curtis, Ph.D., Ohio State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ilene R. Danse, M.D., Bolinas, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sherrill Davison, V.M.D., M.S., M.B.A., University of Pennsylvania</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elvira De Mejia, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peter C. Dedon, M.D., Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert M. Devlin, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Merle L. Diamond, M.D., Diamond Headache Clinic</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Seymour Diamond, M.D., Diamond Headache Clinic</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Donald C. Dickson, M.S.E.E., Gilbert, AZ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ralph Dittman, M.D., M.P.H., Houston, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John E. Dodes, D.D.S., National Council Against Health Fraud</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Doull, M.D., Ph.D., University of Kansas</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Theron W. Downes, Ph.D., Okemos, MI</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael P. Doyle, Ph.D., University of Georgia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Adam Drewnowski, Ph.D., University of Washington</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael A. Dubick, Ph.D., U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Greg Dubord, M.D., M.P.H., Toronto Center for Cognitive Therapy</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edward R. Duffie, Jr., M.D., Savannah, GA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leonard J. Duhl, M.D., University of California, Berkeley</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David F. Duncan, Dr.P.H., Duncan & Associates</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James R. Dunn, Ph.D., Averill Park, NY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Dale Dunn, M.D., J.D., Carl R. Darnall Hospital, Fort Hood, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Herbert L. DuPont, M.D., St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert L. DuPont, M.D., Institute for Behavior and Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry A. Dymsza, Ph.D., University of Rhode Island</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael W. Easley, D.D.S., M.P.H., Florida Department of Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George E. Ehrlich, M.D., M.B., Philadelphia, PA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael P. Elston, M.D., M.S., Western Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William N. Elwood, Ph.D., NIH/Center for Scientific Review</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edward A. Emken, Ph.D., Midwest Research Consultants</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Nicki J. Engeseth, Ph.D., University of Illinois</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">NO ENTINE</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen K. Epstein, M.D., M.P.P., FACEP, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Myron E. Essex, D.V.M., Ph.D., Harvard School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Terry D. Etherton, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">R. Gregory Evans, Ph.D., M.P.H., St. Louis University Center for the Study of Bioterrorism and Emerging Infections</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Evans, Ph.D., University of Alabama</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel F. Farkas, Ph.D., M.S., P.E., Oregon State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard S. Fawcett, Ph.D., Huxley, IA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Owen R. Fennema, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frederick L. Ferris, III, M.D., National Eye Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David N. Ferro, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Madelon L. Finkel, Ph.D., Weill Medical College of Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth D. Fisher, Ph.D., Office of Dietary Supplements</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leonard T. Flynn, Ph.D., M.B.A., Morganville, NJ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William H. Foege, M.D., M.P.H., Seattle, WA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ralph W. Fogleman, D.V.M., Savannah, GA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christopher H. Foreman, Jr., Ph.D., University of Maryland</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Glenn W. Froning, Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Vincent A. Fulginiti, M.D., Tucson, AZ</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert S. Gable, Ed.D., Ph.D., J.D., Claremont Graduate University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shayne C. Gad, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S., Gad Consulting Service</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William G. Gaines, Jr., M.D., M.P.H., College Station, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles O. Gallina, Ph.D., Professional Nuclear Associates</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Raymond Gambino, M.D., Quest Diagnostics Incorporated</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">J. Bernard L. Gee, M.D., Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">K. H. Ginzel, M.D., University of Arkansas for Medical Science</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Paul Glezen, M.D., Baylor College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jay A. Gold, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., Medical College of Wisconsin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roger E. Gold, Ph.D., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Reneé M. Goodrich, Ph.D., University of Florida</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frederick K. Goodwin, M.D., The George Washington University Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timothy N. Gorski, M.D., F.A.C.O.G., University of North Texas</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald E. Gots, M.D., Ph.D., International Center for Toxicology and Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry G. Grabowski, Ph.D., Duke University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Ian Gray, Ph.D., Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William W. Greaves, M.D., M.S.P.H., Medical College of Wisconsin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth Green, D.Env., American Interprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Laura C. Green, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., Cambridge Environmental, Inc.,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard A. Greenberg, Ph.D., Hinsdale, IL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sander Greenland, Dr.P.H., M.S., M.A., UCLA School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gordon W. Gribble, Ph.D., Dartmouth College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William Grierson, Ph.D., University of Florida</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F. Peter Guengerich, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Caryl J. Guth, M.D., Advance, NC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip S. Guzelian, M.D., University of Colorado</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Terryl J. Hartman, Ph.D., M.P.H., R.D., The Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clare M. Hasler, Ph.D., The Robert Mondavi Institute of Wine and Food Science, University of California</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Davis Virgil W. Hays, Ph.D., University of Kentucky</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Cheryl G. Healton, Dr.PH., Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clark W. Heath, Jr., M.D., American Cancer Society</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dwight B. Heath, Ph.D., Brown University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert Heimer, Ph.D., Yale School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert B. Helms, Ph.D., American Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zane R. Helsel, Ph.D., Rutgers University, Cook College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James D. Herbert, Ph.D., Drexel University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard M. Hoar, Ph.D., Williamstown, MA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Theodore R. Holford, Ph.D., Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert M. Hollingworth, Ph.D., Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edward S. Horton, M.D., Joslin Diabetes Center/Harvard Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph H. Hotchkiss, Ph.D., Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Clifford A. Hudis, M.D., Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Peter Barton Hutt, Esq., Covington & Burling, LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Susanne L. Huttner, Ph.D., University of California Berkely</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lucien R. Jacobs, M.D., University of California, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alejandro R. Jadad, M.D., D.Phil., F.R.C.P.C., University of Toronto</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rudolph J. Jaeger, Ph.D., Environmental Medicine, Inc.,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William T. Jarvis, Ph.D., Loma Linda, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Elizabeth H. Jeffery, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Urbana</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Geoffrey C. Kabat, Ph.D., M.S., Albert Einstein College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Kamrin, Ph.D., Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John B. Kaneene, D.V.M., M.P.H., Ph.D., Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">P. Andrew Karam, Ph.D., CHP, MJW Corporation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kathryn E. Kelly, Dr.P.H., Delta Toxicology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George R. Kerr, M.D., University of Texas, Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George A. Keyworth II, Ph.D., The Progress & Freedom Foundation</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">F. Scott Kieff, J.D., Washington University School of Law</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Kirsch, M.D., Highland Heights, OH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John C. Kirschman, Ph.D., Allentown, PA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William M. P. Klein, Ph.D., University of Pittsburg</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald E. Kleinman, M.D., Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leslie M. Klevay, M.D., S.D. in Hyg., University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David M. Klurfeld, Ph.D., U.S. Department of Agriculture</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kathryn M. Kolasa, Ph.D., R.D., East Carolina University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James S. Koopman, M.D, M.P.H., University of Michigan School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alan R. Kristal, Dr.P.H., Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Ph.D., Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mitzi R. Krockover, M.D., SSB Solutions</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Manfred Kroger, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sandford F. Kuvin, M.D., University of Miami School of Medicine/Hebrew University of Jerusalem</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carolyn J. Lackey, Ph.D., R.D., North Carolina State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">J. Clayburn LaForce, Ph.D., University of California, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert G. Lahita, M.D., Ph.D., Mount Sinai School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James C. Lamb, IV, Ph.D., J.D., D.A.B.T., The Weinberg Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawrence E. Lamb, M.D., San Antonio, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William E. M. Lands, Ph.D., College Park, MD</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lillian Langseth, Dr.P.H., Lyda Associates, Inc.,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian A. Larkins, Ph.D., University of Arizona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Larry Laudan, Ph.D., National Autonomous University of Mexico</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Tom B. Leamon, Ph.D., Liberty Mutual Insurance Company</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jay H. Lehr, Ph.D., Environmental Education Enterprises, Inc.,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian C. Lentle, M.D., FRCPC, DMRD, University of British Columbia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Scott O. Lilienfeld, Ph.D., Emory University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Floy Lilley, J.D., Fernandina Beach, FL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paul J. Lioy, Ph.D., UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William M. London, Ed.D., M.P.H., California State University, Los Angeles</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Frank C. Lu, M.D., BCFE, Miami, FL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William M. Lunch, Ph.D., Oregon State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daryl B. Lund, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John R. Lupien, M.Sc., University of Massachusetts</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Howard D. Maccabee, Ph.D., M.D., Alamo, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Janet E. Macheledt, M.D., M.S., M.P.H., Houston, TX</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry G. Manne, J.S.D., George Mason University Law School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Karl Maramorosch, Ph.D., Rutgers University, Cook College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judith A. Marlett, Ph.D., R.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lawrence J. Marnett, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James R. Marshall, Ph.D., Roswell Park Cancer Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roger O. McClellan, D.V.M., M.M.S., DABT, DABVT, FATS, Toxicology and Risk Analysis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mary H. McGrath, M.D., M.P.H., University of California, San Francisco</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alan G. McHughen, D.Phil., University of California, Riverside</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James D. McKean, D.V.M., J.D., Iowa State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph P. McMenamin, M.D., J.D., McGuireWoods, LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Patrick J. Michaels, Ph.D., University of Virginia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas H. Milby, M.D., M.P.H., Walnut Creek, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph M. Miller, M.D., M.P.H., Durham, NH</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard A. Miller, Ph.D., Pharmacyclics, Inc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Richard K. Miller, Ph.D., University of Rochester</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William J. Miller, Ph.D., University of Georgia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Grace P. Monaco, J.D., Medical Care Ombudsman Program</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian E. Mondell, M.D., Baltimore Headache Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John W. Morgan, Dr.P.H., California Cancer Registry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen J. Moss, D.D.S., M.S., New York University College of Dentistry/Health Education Enterprises, Inc.,</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brooke T. Mossman, Ph.D., University of Vermont College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Allison A. Muller, Pharm.D, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ian C. Munro, F.A.T.S., Ph.D.,FRCPath, Cantox Health Sciences International</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harris M. Nagler, M.D., Beth Israel Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel J. Ncayiyana, M.D., Benguela Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Philip E. Nelson, Ph.D., Purdue University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joyce A. Nettleton, D.Sc., R.D., Denver, CO</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John S. Neuberger, Dr.P.H., University of Kansas School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gordon W. Newell, Ph.D., M.S., F.-A.T.S., Cupertino, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas J. Nicholson, Ph.D., M.P.H., Western Kentucky University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert J. Nicolosi, Ph.D., University of Massachusetts, Lowell</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven P. Novella, M.D., Yale University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James L. Oblinger, Ph.D., North Carolina State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Paul A. Offit, M.D., The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Patrick O’Grady, M.D., Tufts University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James E. Oldfield, Ph.D., Oregon State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley T. Omaye, Ph.D., F.-A.T.S., F.ACN, C.N.S., University of Nevada, Reno</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael T. Osterholm, Ph.D., M.P.H., University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael W. Pariza, Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stuart Patton, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James Marc Perrin, M.D., Mass General Hospital for Children</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jay Phelan, M.D., Wyle Intergrated Science and Engineering Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Timothy Dukes Phillips, Ph.D., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mary Frances Picciano, Ph.D., National Institutes of Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David R. Pike, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven Pinker, Ph.D., Harvard University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Henry C. Pitot, M.D., Ph.D., University Wisconsin-Madison</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Thomas T. Poleman, Ph.D., Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gary P. Posner, M.D., Tampa, FL</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John J. Powers, Ph.D., University of Georgia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William D. Powrie, Ph.D., University of British Columbia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">C.S. Prakash, Ph.D., Tuskegee University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marvin P. Pritts, Ph.D., Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel J. Raiten, Ph.D., National Institute of Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David W. Ramey, D.V.M., Ramey Equine Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">R.T. Ravenholt, M.D., M.P.H., Population Health Imperatives</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Russel J. Reiter, Ph.D., University of Texas, San Antonio</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">William O. Robertson, M.D., University of Washington School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">J. D. Robinson, M.D., Georgetown University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brad Rodu, D.D.S., University of Louisville</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Bill D. Roebuck, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., Dartmouth Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David B. Roll, Ph.D., The United States Pharmacopeia</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dale R. Romsos, Ph.D., Michigan State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joseph D. Rosen, Ph.D., Cook College, Rutgers University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven T. Rosen, M.D., Northwestern University Medical School</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stanley Rothman, Ph.D., Smith College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Stephen H. Safe, D.Phil., Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wallace I. Sampson, M.D., Stanford University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Harold H. Sandstead, M.D., University of Texas Medical Branch</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles R. Santerre, Ph.D., Purdue University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sally L. Satel, M.D., American Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lowell D. Satterlee, Ph.D., Vergas, MN</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark V. Sauer, M.D., Columbia University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jeffrey W. Savell, Texas A&M University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marvin J. Schissel, D.D.S., Roslyn Heights, NY</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Edgar J. Schoen, M.D., Kaiser Permanente Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David Schottenfeld, M.D., M.Sc., University of Michigan</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joel M. Schwartz, M.S., American Enterprise Institute</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David E. Seidemann, Ph.D., Brooklyn College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">David A. Shaywitz, M.D., Ph.D., The Boston Consulting Group</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Patrick J. Shea, Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael B. Shermer, Ph.D., Skeptic Magazine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sidney Shindell, M.D., LL.B., Medical College of Wisconsin</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sarah Short, Ph.D., Ed.D., R.D., Syracuse University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A. J. Siedler, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Marc K. Siegel, M.D., New York University School of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael Siegel, M.D., M.P.H., Boston University School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael S. Simon, M.D., M.P.H., Wayne State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Fred Singer, Ph.D., Science and Environmental Policy Project</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert B. Sklaroff, M.D., Philadelphia, PA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Anne M. Smith, Ph.D., R.D., L.D., Ohio State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gary C. Smith, Ph.D., Colorado State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John N. Sofos, Ph.D., Colorado State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Laszlo P. Somogyi, Ph.D., SRI International (ret.)</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Roy F. Spalding, Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Leonard T. Sperry, M.D., Ph.D., Florida Atlantic University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert A. Squire, D.V.M., Ph.D., Johns Hopkins University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald T. Stanko, M.D., University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James H. Steele, D.V.M., M.P.H., University of Texas, Houston</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert D. Steele, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Daniel T. Stein, M.D., Albert Einstein College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judith S. Stern, Sc.D., R.D., University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ronald D. Stewart, O.C., M.D., FRCPC, Dalhousie University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Martha Barnes Stone, Ph.D., Colorado State University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jon A. Story, Ph.D., Purdue University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sita R. Tatini, Ph.D., University of Minnesota</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dick Taverne, House of Lords, UK</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steve L. Taylor, Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Andrea D. Tiglio, Ph.D., J.D., Townsend and Townsend and Crew, LLP</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James W. Tillotson, Ph.D., M.B.A., Tufts University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dimitrios Trichopoulos, M.D., Harvard School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Murray M. Tuckerman, Ph.D., Winchendon, MA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Robert P. Upchurch, Ph.D., University of Arizona</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark J. Utell, M.D., University of Rochester Medical Center</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Shashi B. Verma, Ph.D., University of Nebraska, Lincoln</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Willard J. Visek, M.D., Ph.D., University of Illinois College of Medicine</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lynn Waishwell, Ph.D., C.H.E.S., University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Public Health</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Brian Wansink, Ph.D., Cornell University</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Miles Weinberger, M.D., University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John Weisburger, M.D., Ph.D., New York Medical College</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Janet S. Weiss, M.D., The ToxDoc</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Simon Wessley, M.D., FRCP, King’s College London and Institute of Psychiatry</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven D. Wexner, M.D., Cleveland Clinic Florida</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Joel Elliot White, M.D., F.A.C.R., Danville, CA</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John S. White, Ph.D., White Technical Research</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Kenneth L. White, Ph.D., University [sic]</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carol Whitlock, Ph.D., R.D., Rochester Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Christopher F. Wilkinson, Ph.D., Wilmington, NC</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Mark L. Willenbring, M.D., Ph.D., National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carl K. Winter, Ph.D., University of California, Davis</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">James J. Worman, Ph.D., Rochester Institute of Technology</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Russell S. Worrall, O.D., University of California, Berkeley</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">S. Stanley Young, Ph.D., National Institute of Statistical Sciences</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Steven H. Zeisel, M.D., Ph.D., University of North Carolina</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael B. Zemel, Ph.D., Nutrition Institute, University of Tennessee</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Ekhard E. Ziegler, M.D., University of Iowa</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Notes</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">? ACSH Scientific Advisors retrieved from the Internet Archive of 10 January 2010 on 17 September 2013.</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div></div>