Gingivitis

Videos

BSP WEBINAR - The Management of Gingivitis and Periodontitis

Gingivitis: Stages of Gingival Inflammation

Dr. Gary Arabatyan Perio Therapy for Gum Disease an Overview

Best Food for Periodontal Disease and Gingivitis

Gingivitis ("inflammation of the gum tissue") is a non-destructive periodontal disease. The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) adherent to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis. Gingivitis is reversible with good oral hygiene. However, in the absence of treatment, or if not controlled, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, where the inflammation results in tissue destruction and alveolar bone resorption, which can ultimately lead to tooth loss.

While in some sites or individuals gingivitis never progresses to periodontitis, data indicate that periodontitis is always preceded by gingivitis.

Cariogenic bacteria and periodontopathic bacteria are present in dental plaque as biofilms. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial effects of essential oils on the following oral bacteria: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus. We tested manuka oil, tea tree oil, eucalyptus oil, lavandula oil, and romarinus oil and determined their minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration. The essential oils inhibited the growth of the bacteria tested, manuka oil being the most effective. Minimum bactericidal concentration values showed that lavandula oil acts bacteriostatically, and the remaining oils, bactericidally. Periodontopathic bacterial strains tested were killed completely by exposure for 30 s to 0.2% manuka oil, tea tree oil or eucalyptus oil. Tea tree oil and manuka oil showed significant adhesion-inhibiting activity against P. gingivalis. All the essential oils tested inhibited the adhesion of S. mutans. This study showed that, among the essential oils tested, manuka oil and tea tree oil in particular had strong antibacterial activity against periodontopathic and cariogenic bacteria. From the viewpoint of safety, we also examined the effects of these essential oils on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and found that, at a concentration of 0.2%, they had little effect on cultured cells.

Studies

Risk Factors

A case report suggests that mild vitamin C deficiency associated with metabolic syndrome and severe periodontal infection may be associated with the pathogenesis of severe gingival overgrowth.

Prevention/Treatment

• A randomized controlled trial evaluating **antioxidant-essential oil gel** as a treatment for gingivitis in orthodontic patients
• Can fasting fight gum disease? Scientists find surprising link. FMD reduces gum inflammation. A low-calorie fasting-style diet significantly reduced inflammation linked to gum disease in a small clinical study. The findings suggest that what people eat may influence gum health almost as much as what they do with a toothbrush.
• Efficacy of **oil pulling** therapy with coconut oil on four-day supragingival plaque growth.
• **Oridonin** inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts by activating PPARγ.
• The role of **coconut oil** in treating patients affected by plaque-induced gingivitis.
• **Plantamajoside** attenuates inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated human gingival fibroblasts by inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
• **Ascorbic acid**, inflammatory cytokines or their combination's effect on stemness, proliferation, and differentiation of gingival mesenchymal stem cells.
• Role of **ascorbic acid** in the regulation of epigenetic processes induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis in endothelial-committed oral stem cells.
• Effect of a Toothpaste/Mouthwash Containing **Carica papaya Leaf Extract** on Interdental Gingival Bleeding: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• ***Prunella vulgaris* extract and rosmarinic acid** suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced alteration in human gingival fibroblasts
• Effect of **various mouthwashes** on the levels of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma in chronic gingivitis.
• Effect of **essential oil mouthwashes** on plaque and gingivitis
• The clinical evaluation of **Vi-one chlorhexidine mouthwash** on plaque-induced gingivitis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial
• This case report shows that **low level laser therapy** has a positive effect in relieving the symptoms of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.
• Effect of a sugar-free chewing gum containing **magnolia bark extract** on different variables related to caries and gingivitis: a randomized controlled intervention trial
• Effect of **erythritol** on microbial ecology of in vitro gingivitis biofilms.
• **Chamomile extract** reduced biofilm accumulation and gingival bleeding in patients with gingivitis.
• **Ozone gas plasma therapy** may be helpful in prevention of gingival healing delay.
• Clinical and microbiological effects of the adjunctive use of **probiotics** in the treatment of gingivitis.
• The effects of **manuka honey** on plaque and gingivitis: a pilot study.
• A comparison of the antibacterial efficacies of **essential oils** against oral pathogens
• **Vitamin D** attenuates human gingival fibroblast inflammatory cytokine production following advanced glycation end product interaction with receptors for AGE.
• **Highbush blueberry proanthocyanidins** alleviate Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced deleterious effects on oral mucosal cells.
• A gel containing **curcuma longa** extract was efficient in treating gingivitis by reducing its inflammatory components.
• Aloe Vera mouthwash** was found to be equally effective as chlorhexidine in reducing plaque and gingivitis.
• **PYCNOGENOL chewing gum** minimizes gingival bleeding and plaque formation.
• **Whey fermented by Enterococcus faecalis M157** exhibits antiinflammatory and antibiofilm activities against oral pathogenic bacteria. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiinflammatory and antibiofilm effects of whey fermented by Enterococcus faecalis M157 (M157-W) against oral pathogenic bacteria. The M157-W significantly inhibited IL-1β, IL-6, and nitric oxide induced by the lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingival
• Clinical and immunological efficacy of **mangosteen and propolis** extracted complex in patients with gingivitis.
• Effects of Geum urbanum L. root extracts and its constituents on polymorphonuclear leucocytes functions. Geum urbanum L. (wood avens) root infusions and decoctions have been used externally for reducing the bleeding and inflammation of gums (gingivitis), and mucous membranes
• Anti-inflammation and gingival wound healing activities of Cannabis sativa L. subsp. sativa (hemp) extract and cannabidiol.

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