Baicalein

Baicalein, its glucuronate conjugate baicalin, and wagonin are flavones found in the root of Baical Skullcap (Scutellaria baicalensis), an herb long used in TCM for treating allergies, inflammation and cancer. Baicalin is also found in plantain. These compounds have antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and free radical-scavenging properties in vitro. In addition, the flavone-rich Scutellaria was found to strongly inhibit cancer cell growth in numerous human cell lines, including prostate and breast cancers, and to inhibit COX-2 activity and the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. The same researchers later found that the extract reduced prostate tumor volume in mice by 50% after only 7 weeks of treatment. A Polish review reports that these flavones have beneficial effects for the cardiovascular system, including regulation of platelet aggregation and capillary permeability. In addition, they have demonstrated significant protective action on the cardiomyocytes. (-Ganora)

Alzheimer's

• These results strengthen the potential of the flavonoid baicalein as a promising therapeutic agent that prevents memory deficits in AD.

Anti-allergic & anti-asthmatic

• Inhibition of hypersensitivity reactions by soluble derivatives of baicalein
• Baicalein reduces airway injury in allergen and IL-13 induced airway inflammation
• Inhibition of mast cell histamine release by flavonoids and bioflavonoids

Antibacterial / Antimicrobial

• Baicalein works synergistically with ciproflaxacin against MRSA.
• Baicalein seems to be a promising novel effective synergistic antimicrobial agent.

Antifungal

• Baicalein, a compound found within Chinese skullcap, induces programmed cell death in Candida Albicans.
• In Vitro Effects of Plantago Major Extract, Aucubin, and Baicalein on Candida albicans Biofilm Formation, Metabolic Activity, and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity.

Body Fat

• Baicalein lowered the lipid accumulation in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting the very early stage of adipogenesis.

Cancer

• Baicalein, a component of Scutellaria baicalensis induces apoptosis by Mcl-1 down-regulation in human **pancreatic cancer** cells.
• Baicalein protects against **doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity** by attenuation of mitochondrial oxidant injury and JNK activation
• Baicalein treatment inhibited the metastasis **gastric cancer** cells via inactivation of TGF-β/Smad4 signaling.
• Baicalein facilitates **gastric cancer** cell apoptosis by triggering endoplasmic reticulum stress.
• Baicalein inhibits **gastric cancer** cell invasion and metastasis by reducing cell motility and migration via suppression of the p38 signaling pathway.
• These results proved that baicalein might be a potential choice for the treatment of **T-lymphoblastic leukemia**.
• Baicalein combinated with taxol at low concentrations could exert synergistic antitumor effects in **ovarian cancer** cells.
• Baicalein suppresses **colorectal carcinoma** cell invasion.
• Baicalein and baicalin inhibit **colon cancer** using two distinct fashions of apoptosis and senescence
• Baicalein suppresses the growth of the human **thyroid cancer** cells.
• Baicalein potentiated M1 macrophage polarization in cancer through targeting PI3Kγ/ NF-κB signaling.
• Baicalein, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone and myricetin as potent inhibitors of human ornithine decarboxylase.
• These results indicated that Baicalein could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of **LUNG cancer** A549 and NCI-H1299 cells
• Baicalein: A review on its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms in **lung carcinoma**.
• Neuroprotective effect of baicalein against oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy.
• Baicalein inhibits the growth of transplanted esophageal cancer.
• Baicalein inhibits metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells.

Cardiovascular

• These results provide new insight into the possible molecular mechanisms by which baicalein protects against atherogenesis.

Cerebrovascular

• Baicalein exerts a protective effect on blood-brain barrier disruption in the rat model of Intracerebral hemorrhage.
• The Effects of Baicalin and Baicalein on Cerebral Ischemia: A Review
• Chronic treatment with baicalein alleviates behavioural disorders and improves cerebral blood flow.

Hepatoprotective

• Protective effect of baicalein on high fat-induced hepatocytes oxidative damage.
• Baicalein enhances the effect of acarbose on the improvement of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease associated with prediabetes.
• Baicalein prevents fructose-induced hepatic steatosis.
• New insights into baicalein's effect on chlorpyrifos-induced liver injury.

Lungs

Baicalein attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibroblast senescence and lung fibrosis.

Migraine

• Baicalein could alleviate the migraine-like headaches induced in this study.

Neuroprotective

• Neuroprotective effects of baicalein in animal models of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of experimental studies
• Baicalein could prevent the progression of α-syn accumulation in a Parkinson’s disease mouse model.
• Therapeutic Potential of Baicalein in Parkinson’s Disease: Focus on Inhibition of α-Synuclein Oligomerization and Aggregation
• Baicalein ameliorates ischemic brain damage through suppressing proinflammatory microglia polarization.
• Baicalein mediates mitochondrial autophagy via miR-30b and the NIX/BNIP3 signaling pathway in Parkinson's disease.
• Baicalein alleviated the brain injury after Intracerebral hemorrhage by inhibiting ROS and NLRP3 inflammasome.

Other Effects

• Baicalein triggered reactive oxygen species generation in Cal27 cells.
• Baicalein alleviates fibrosis and inflammation in systemic sclerosis.