Diencephalon
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Diencephalon Section of the Brain
The caudal (posterior) part of the forebrain, containing the epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and ventral thalamus and the third ventricle.The diencephalon was the first part of the brain that formed in the womb. It carries out tasks that help the body and brain function. It allows neurotransmitters to transmit from one part of the brain to another. It is negatively affected by EMF from such equipment as cell phones, wifi and fluorescent lights (including the screw shaped "energy saver" bulbs which are fluorescent).
The diencephalon is a small portion of the brain, nestled underneath and between the two cerebral hemispheres, just above the brain stem. The diencephalon is integral to several critical functions in maintaining the brain and body.
This region of the brain is responsible for relaying information between regions of the brain and controlling many autonomic functions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It also serves to connect the endocrine system with the nervous and limbic system primarily to regulate emotions and memories.
Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) affect the metabolism of the body including the nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, hematological as well as the reproductive system. EMFs are environmental pollutants, thus posing a health hazard which can cause steric changes in the molecule located at the cell surface. Microwaves are known to cause chromosomal abberations and act as tumor promoters. The process involves a stream of signals from cell membrane to nucleus and other organelles. The present investigations aim to understand the mechanism of biological effects of microwaves (2.45 GHz). The effect was studied on poly ADP-ribosylation, which is a post translational modification of chromatin protein catalysed by the enzyme poly ADPR polymerase using NAD+ as the substrate. Poly ADP-ribosylation has been shown to be involved in several aspects of chromatin structure and function. Twenty-three days old rats weighing 42-48 gms were exposed at a microwave dose level of 1.0 mW/cm2. After exposure for sixty days the animals were sacrificed and an estimation of poly ADPR polymerase activity was undertaken in different organs of these animals. There was an increase of 20% in its activity in liver, 35% in testis, whereas brain showed a 53% decrease in diencephalon and 20% decrease in the cortex in the exposed animals as compared to their respective controls. There was no change in enzyme activity in spleen and kidney. This was accompanied by concomitant changes in NAD+ levels. The above results may be cited as important events in carcinogenesis and tumor promotion related to microwave exposure and the signal transduction mechanism involved. The goal is to shed light on complex ecogenetic interactions leading to cancer modulation of gene expression by epigenetic mechanism.
Microwave frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) produce widespread neuropsychiatric effects including depression
Highlights
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Microwave EMFs activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) concentrated in the brain.
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Animal studies show such low level MWV EMFs have diverse high impacts in the brain.
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VGCC activity causes widespread neuropsychiatric effects in humans (genetic studies).
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26 studies have EMFs assoc. with neuropsychiatric effects; 5 criteria show causality.
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MWV EMFs cause at least 13 neuropsychiatric effects including depression in humans.