Ctr for Indiv Rights CIR

<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">=</h1><div>see WLF, FIRE, PC</div><div>
</div><div>RICO</div><div>=</div><div>singer vs justin lancaster</div><div>
</div><div></div><div><div></div><div>jig up wht pwr</div><div>
</div><div><div><a href="https://www.alternet.org/2020/09/the-supreme-court-is-finished-republicans-have-killed-it/">https://www.alternet.org/2020/09/the-supreme-court-is-finished-republicans-have-killed-it/</a></div><div>
</div><div>...They've turned the courts into a kennel for right-wing puppies, willing to sit there with floppy ears and their tongues out, panting and waiting to decide cases in favor of the billionaires who put them there. That's why there is a cottage industry of right-wing legal groups like Judicial Watch, Alliance Defending Freedom, Claremont Institute and the Center for Individual Rights, all of them funded by tens of millions, if not hundreds of millions in right-wing money. They make no bones about the fact that their job is to go out looking for plaintiffs to sue on behalf of big business and right-wing political interests to overturn laws they don't like. They have been behind the challenges to the Affordable Care Act and every anti-abortion lawsuit ever filed, not to mention suits against immigrant rights, civil rights, LGBT rights — you name it. And waiting in federal courthouses all over the country are Trump and <a href="https://www.salon.com/2020/09/21/mitch-mcconnells-dark-supreme-court-gamble-he-thinks-he-can-win--no-matter-what-happens/" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="blank" style="text-decoration-line: none; opacity: 1; transition: color 0.25s ease 0s, background 0.25s ease 0s, opacity 0.25s ease 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Mitch McConnell's</a> judicial poodles....</div><div></div></div></div><div>=</div><div>acorn okeefe giles: with michael madigan</div><div>
</div><div><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(65, 67, 71); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Michael E. Rosman is CIR’s General Counsel. He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Rochester in 1981, majoring in economics and political science. He received his J.D. in 1984 from Yale Law School. Mr. Rosman worked as an associate at Rosenman & Colin in New York City from 1984-93.<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(65, 67, 71); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Mr. Rosman joined CIR in March 1994. Mr. Rosman is the author of several articles, including: “Ambiguity and the First Amendment: Some Thoughts On All-White Advertising,” 61 Tenn. L. Rev. 289 (1993); and “Standing Alone: Standing Under The Fair Housing Act,” 60 Mo. L. Rev. 547 (1995), “Thoughts on Bakke and Its Effect on Race- Conscious Decision-Making,” 2002 U. Chi. Legal F. 45 Book Review of Kent Greenawalt’s Fighting Words, 13 Constitutional Commentary 317 (1996)<p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(65, 67, 71); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Mr. Rosman has litigated throughout the federal court system, and has argued many times in the federal courts of appeals. He also successfully argued on behalf of CIR client Tony Morrison in the United States Supreme Court in the landmark case of United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).<hr class="style3" style="border: 0px; height: 2px; line-height: 0; margin: 25px 0px; break-after: page; text-align: center; width: 610px; clear: both; color: rgb(239, 239, 239); background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(204, 204, 204), rgb(51, 51, 51), rgb(204, 204, 204)) rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" /><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(65, 67, 71); font-family: Georgia, " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px">Christopher J. Hajec is one of CIR’s Associate Counsels. Chris comes to CIR from the Judge Advocate General Corps of the U.S. Navy, where he served both as a defense attorney and as appellate government counsel. He has a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Miami and received his J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1990. He joined CIR in September 2004 and was admitted to the D.C. Bar in May 2005.</div><div></div><div><div> Hinkle v. Baker (Central District, California, 2004).</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>https://www.thefire.org/cases/northwestern-university-censorship-of-faculty-produced-bioethics-journal-with-bad-girls-theme/</div><div>
</div><div>head nurse?</div><div><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">Atrium’s fight for free expression goes back more than a year to the publication of its <b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent"><a href="http://bioethics.northwestern.edu/atrium/articles/issue12/index.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; font-family: " open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background" transparent="transparent">Winter 2014 issue</a> in February 2014. The issue featured a “Bad Girls” theme and was guest-edited by FSM Professor of Clinical Medical Humanities and Bioethics Alice Dreger. Featuring contributions from a variety of scholars from across the country, the issue included an essay by Syracuse University Professor William J. Peace about his rehabilitation after being paralyzed in 1978 at the age of 18. <a href="http://bioethics.northwestern.edu/atrium/articles/issue12/peace.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent">In his essay</a>, titled “Head Nurses,” Peace describes his experience of receiving consensual oral sex from a nurse, an episode that eased fears he had lost his ability to function sexually. Peace credited the nurse, whom he remained friends with throughout her lifetime, with aiding his psychological recovery.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">Northwestern officials were reportedly concerned about the “Bad Girls” issue, and Peace’s article in particular, worrying that it would hurt the “brand” of FSM and Northwestern Medicine, the corporate parent overseeing the university’s hospital system. Under pressure from the university, the Medical Humanities & Bioethics Program (MHB Program, which publishes Atrium) removed the “Bad Girls” issue, as well as all previously published Atrium issues, from its website.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">It was not until May 18, 2015—14 months after the “Bad Girls” issue was removed from its website—that Northwestern officials withdrew their objections to the issue’s posting. This reversal came only a day after Dreger informed the university that she intended to publicize the controversy.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">Though <a href="http://bioethics.northwestern.edu/atrium/index.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent">Atrium<b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent">’s issues are back online</a>, its most serious struggles may be yet to come. Dreger reports that Northwestern has formed a new oversight committee tasked with reviewing the content of Atrium’s next issue. This is a significant departure from the publication’s past editorial practice, giving rise to concerns that the university will take an active role in policing the publication’s content.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">“Through this censorship my dean’s office put me in the position of either staying silent and being a hypocrite or calling out my own dean on censorship,” said Dreger, who <a href="http://www.amazon.com/Galileos-Middle-Finger-Heretics-Activists/dp/1594206082" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent">recently authored a book</a> on academic freedom and the struggle for truth and justice in the sciences. “I told our university public relations people, the dean’s office, and ultimately our provost that I resented being put in this position, particularly when the censorship was so unnecessary and capricious.”<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">Northwestern has already been the subject of intense scrutiny in recent weeks. On May 29, Professor Laura Kipnis revealed that she <a href="https://www.thefire.org/laura-kipniss-title-ix-inquisition-reveals-absurdity-of-the-current-campus-climate/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent">endured a 72-day university investigation</a> following multiple Title IX complaints over <a href="http://chronicle.com/article/Sexual-Paranoia-Strikes/190351/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;"><b style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-family: " open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" important="important" background="background" transparent="transparent">an essay</a> she published in The Chronicle of Higher Education.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">“Given the negative publicity Northwestern has suffered for subjecting Kipnis’s free expression to a chilling and prolonged investigation, we would hope that Northwestern would promptly get in front of this controversy and affirm its support of Atrium and the MHB Program’s rights,” said Bonilla. “That it hasn’t yet done so suggests Northwestern may have even more work to do to be truly protective of free expression than was previously thought.”...<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" rgb="rgb">http://chronicle.com/article/Sexual-Paranoia-Strikes/190351/</div><div>
</div><div></div><div>fire sum conf:</div><div>
</div><div><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">This year’s keynote speakers have faced <a href="https://www.thefire.org/alice-dreger-and-jason-riley-to-headline-fire-summer-conference/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">controversy and censorship</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb"> on campus due to their published works. We’re confident <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px; outline: 0px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><a href="http://alicedreger.com/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">Alice Dreger</a> <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">and <a href="http://jasonrileyonline.com/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background"><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Jason Riley</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb"> will inspire your passion for defending and protecting free speech rights for both students and faculty. Dreger resigned from her professor position at Northwestern University in 2015 after her dean <a href="https://www.thefire.org/cases/northwestern-university-censorship-of-faculty-produced-bioethics-journal-with-bad-girls-theme/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">censored an article</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb"> in a faculty journal she had edited. Riley, a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute and columnist for <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">The <i style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">Wall Street Journal<span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">, <a href="http://www.wsj.com/articles/i-was-disinvited-on-campus-1462313788" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">recently wrote</a><span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb"> about being disinvited from a scheduled speaking engagement at Virginia Tech because of <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" outline="outline" px="px" background="background" transparent="transparent"><a href="https://www.thefire.org/jason-riley-on-his-campus-disinvitation-lack-of-intellectual-diversity-in-academia/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 27px;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background">vague concerns</a> <span style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">that his opinions might upset people on campus. These two have experienced censorship firsthand, and they’re ready to share what they’ve learned with you.</div><div>
</div><div>https://www.thefire.org/blogger-rips-cal-polys-care-net/</div><div>
</div><div><span class="entry-header" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="Sans" semibold="Semibold" line-height="line-height" em="em" float="float" left="left" width="width" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">Blogger Rips Cal Poly’s “CARE-Net”<div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" open="Open" sans="Sans" regular="Regular" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb"><p class="category selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.3em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">By <a href="https://www.thefire.org/author/lukesheahan/" title="Posts by Luke Sheahan" class="url fn" rel="author" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">Luke Sheahan</a> May 13, 2009<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">Today, Roger Freberg, blogger and husband of Cal Poly professor Laura Freberg, has a <a href="http://www.rogerfreberg.com/blog/?p=1217" title="http://www.rogerfreberg.com/blog/?p=1217" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">post</a> about the situation at Cal Poly, where, <a href="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/10587.html" title="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/10587.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">as FIRE reported yesterday</a>, the university apparently removed information from its website about a bias incident reporting program called "CARE-Net" after FIRE sent the university <a href="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/10586.html" title="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/10586.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">a letter</a> objecting to the program’s unconstitutional aspects. Under the proposed program, students were instructed to report to the university<blockquote style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(115, 205, 225); outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; background: transparent;"><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">any speech, act, or harassing incident or action taken by a person or group that is perceived to be malicious or discriminatory toward another person or group based on bias or prejudice relating to such characteristics as race, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, ancestry, ethnicity, religion, age or mental or physical disability. (Emphasis added.)</blockquote><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">As part of what was evidently a misguided attempt to allay criticism about the program, Cal Poly student Jessica Cresci <a href="http://mustangdaily.net/new-care-net-program-will-allow-students-to-report-biased-incidents/" title="http://mustangdaily.net/new-care-net-program-will-allow-students-to-report-biased-incidents/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">reportedly told</a> the student newspaper, the <em style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Mustang Daily, that a teacher "who isn’t politically correct or is hurtful in their actions or words" would be targeted under the new program. Obviously, this only reinforced our misgivings about the program.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">Cal Poly’s administration has not yet responded to FIRE’s letter, but as Sam <a href="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/10587.html" title="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/article/10587.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">wrote</a> yesterday, "We are hopeful that this development means the university has taken seriously FIRE’s concerns about the impact of the new policy on students’ and faculty members’ constitutionally protected rights to free speech and due process." We hope Cal Poly will soon make its intentions clear.                                                 <p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">FIRE has a long history with Cal Poly. We <a href="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/case/14.html" title="http://www.thefire.org/index.php/case/14.html" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">publicly sparred</a> with Cal Poly back in 2003 after the university tried to punish a student for posting a flyer. Cal Poly ended up settling that embarrassing case after it went to federal court. In light of that incident, Roger <a href="http://www.rogerfreberg.com/blog/?p=1217" title="http://www.rogerfreberg.com/blog/?p=1217" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">writes</a> a poignant and concise analysis of the current episode:<blockquote style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 5px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(115, 205, 225); outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; quotes: none; background: transparent;"><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">Maybe not every minor problem Cal Poly San Luis Obispo has with students, faculty or staff has to end up in Federal Court. I would like to hope that folks can learn from their mistakes, take advice from those who wish to make Cal Poly a better place and, hopefully, avoid stepping into it the next time.</blockquote><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">We are grateful to Roger and those like him who care about their universities and want to see these institutions become what they purport to be: bastions of free thought and free speech. Roger concludes, "In any event, there are a lot of folks watching to see the next steps Cal Poly administration takes … thanks toF.I.R.E."<p class="category selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.3em;" open="Open" sans="sans" light="light" list-style="list-style" none="none" background="background" transparent="transparent">Schools: <a href="https://www.thefire.org/schools/california-polytechnic-state-university/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">California Polytechnic State University</a>Cases: <a href="https://www.thefire.org/cases/california-polytechnic-state-university-cal-poly-bias-reporting-system-targets-politically-incorrect-professors/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; color: rgb(64, 151, 203); background: transparent;">California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly): Bias Reporting System Targets “Politically Incorrect” Professors</a></div></div><div>
</div></div><div></div><div><a href="https://www.thefire.org/major-victory-for-free-speech-at-cal-poly/">https://www.thefire.org/major-victory-for-free-speech-at-cal-poly/</a></div><div>
</div><div><span class="entry-header" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.1em; float: left; width: 650px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Major Victory for Free Speech at Cal Poly<div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 20px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p class="category selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.3em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">May 6, 2004<p class="MsoNormal selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">SAN LUIS OBISPO, CA—In a major victory for liberty and equal rights on campus, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) has settled a free speech lawsuit. The case involved Cal Poly student Steve Hinkle, who was punished for posting a flier on a public bulletin board announcing a College Republicans-sponsored speech by a black social critic. Some students at the campus Multicultural Center found the flier “offensive.” Cal Poly has agreed to expunge Hinkle’s disciplinary record relating to the incident, to permit him to post fliers, and to pay significant attorney’s fees. The settlement of the lawsuit ends a year-long campaign organized by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE) to restore the Bill of Rights and fundamental fairness to this public university.<p class="MsoNormal selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“We are pleased that free speech has been upheld at Cal Poly, but we truly are stunned that this university fought so desperately to deny a student’s most fundamental rights,” said Alan Charles Kors, Chairman of FIRE. He added, “Cal Poly’s example sends a warning to university administrators everywhere who deny rights and legal equality: You will fail in the court of public opinion; you will fail in the courts of law; and you will be held accountable by the citizens whose freedom you hold in contempt.”<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">FIRE Legal Network attorney Carol Sobel filed the federal lawsuit against Cal Poly on September 25, 2003, in conjunction with the Center for Individual Rights (CIR), a nonprofit public interest law firm. The complaint asked the court to overturn Cal Poly’s punishment of Steve Hinkle and to clear his record of any wrongdoing. Sobel and CIR also sought a ruling that Cal Poly’s interpretation of “disruption”—which had been used to punish Hinkle’s clearly protected speech—was unconstitutional.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The incident that led to the lawsuit occurred on November 12, 2002, when Hinkle attempted to post a flier in the common area of the campus Multicultural Center that advertised a speech by Mason Weaver, author of the book It’s OK to Leave the Plantation. Weaver argues that dependence on government puts many African Americans in circumstances similar to slavery. The flier displayed only the title of the book, the time and place of the event, and a picture of the author. Several students at the Multicultural Center objected that the poster was “offensive.” Hinkle offered to discuss the flier, but to no avail. After he left, a student called the university police, whose official report stated that officers had responded to complaints about “a suspicious white male passing out literature of an offensive racial nature.”<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Cal Poly Judicial Affairs Office, after a seven-hour hearing in February 2003, found Hinkle guilty of “disruption of a campus event,” as several students in the Multicultural Center public area claimed that they were having a meeting at the time, although no sign, announcement, or record of that event existed. For engaging in constitutionally protected expression, he was ordered to write letters of apology to the offended students. Failure to do so could lead to severe disciplinary penalties. Hinkle contacted FIRE in March 2003. FIRE wrote twice to Cal Poly President Warren Baker and, after the university refused to restore Hinkle’s rights, began a national campaign of public exposure. FIRE also coordinated the now-settled September 2003 lawsuit, which received widespread public attention.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Under the settlement, Cal Poly agrees to clear the incident from Hinkle’s disciplinary record and pledges not to interfere with Hinkle’s right to post promotional fliers. Cal Poly also repudiates its overbroad definition of “disruption” and agrees that “disruption” actually must be willful and must “materially and substantially disrupt a University activity or the orderly operation of the University.”[evidence?]<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Curt Levey, CIR’s director of legal and public affairs, explained the importance of the victory: “Thanks to the work of FIRE and CIR, it has become more difficult for schools to punish students for the ‘crime’ of ‘offensive’ speech.” “However,” he added, “this progress is endangered when schools attempt to use a charge of disruption as a pretext for censoring speech. Fortunately, Steve Hinkle’s victory will serve to discourage such attempts at Cal Poly and beyond.”<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greg Lukianoff, FIRE’s director of legal and public advocacy, remarked, “The settlement brings an end to a bizarre and outrageous attempt to suppress free speech. Cal Poly’s injustice has plagued an innocent student for the past year and a half.” Lukianoff continued, “Unfortunately, the university’s action comes too late for California taxpayers, who, in the midst of a serious fiscal crisis, must now foot the $40,000 bill for Cal Poly President Baker’s contempt for the U.S. Constitution.”<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Center for Individual Rights (<a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">www.cir-usa.org</a>) is a nonprofit public interest law firm dedicated to the defense of individual liberties. CIR provides free legal representation to deserving clients who cannot otherwise afford or obtain legal counsel and whose individual rights are threatened.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education is a nonprofit educational foundation. FIRE unites civil rights and civil liberties leaders, scholars, journalists, and public intellectuals across the political and ideological spectrum on behalf of individual rights, freedom of expression, freedom of conscience, and due process on our nation’s campuses. FIRE’s efforts to preserve liberty at Cal Poly and elsewhere can be seen by visiting <a href="http://www.thefire.org/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">www.thefire.org</a>.<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CONTACT:<p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Greg Lukianoff, Director of Legal and Public Advocacy, FIRE: 215-717-3473;<a href="mailto:greg@thefire.org" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">greg@thefire.org</a><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Curt Levey, Center for Individual Rights: 202-833-8400 x114; <a href="mailto:levey@cir-usa.org" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">levey@cir-usa.org</a><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Warren J. Baker, President, Cal Poly: 805-756-6000; <a href="mailto:wbaker@calpoly.edu" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">wbaker@calpoly.edu</a><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Cornel N. Morton, Vice President for Student Affairs, Cal Poly: 805-756-1521;<a href="mailto:cmorton@calpoly.edu" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">cmorton@calpoly.edu</a><p class="selectionShareable" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Ardith Tregenza, Director of Judicial Affairs, Cal Poly: 805-756-2794;<a href="mailto:atregenz@calpoly.edu" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">atregenz@calpoly.edu</a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><a href="https://d28htnjz2elwuj.cloudfront.net/pdfs/152_3346.pdf" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Download file "Read the Los Angeles Times"</a></div><div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><a href="https://d28htnjz2elwuj.cloudfront.net/pdfs/152_3346.pdf">https://d28htnjz2elwuj.cloudfront.net/pdfs/152_3346.pdf</a></div><div class="entry-content" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
<p class="category selectionShareable" style="line-height: 1.3em; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; outline: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Schools: <a href="https://www.thefire.org/schools/california-polytechnic-state-university/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">California Polytechnic State University</a>Cases: <a href="https://www.thefire.org/cases/california-polytechnic-state-university-cal-poly-use-of-disruption-claim-to-suppress-free-speech/" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; list-style: none; background: transparent;">California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly): Use of Disruption Claim to Suppress Free Speech</a></div></div><div></div><div>LAT? via fire</div><div>
</div><div><div>Cal Poly Settles Suit by Student</div><div> He says the San Luis Obispo campus suppressed his right to free speech.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>By Jean-Paul Renaud, Times Staff Writer</div><div>
</div><div>A Cal Poly San Luis Obispo student who sued the school for allegedly violating</div><div>his 1st Amendment rights reached a settlement with the university this week. The</div><div>school promised to expunge Steve Hinkle's disciplinary record and to pay $40,000</div><div>in legal fees.</div><div>
</div><div>Hinkle, a 23-year-old industrial technology major, was reprimanded in November</div><div>2002 after several students complained that fliers he had posted in the school's</div><div>multicultural center were offensive.</div><div>
</div><div>Hinkle, president of the Cal Poly College Republican Club, was advertising a</div><div>speech by Mason Weaver, the author of "It's OK to Leave the Plantation."</div><div>Weaver argues that reliance on government aid enslaves blacks.</div><div>
</div><div>The Cal Poly Judicial Affairs Office, after a seven-hour hearing in February 2003,</div><div>found Hinkle guilty of "disruption of a campus event," after several students said</div><div>the fliers distracted them from a meeting, Hinkle said.</div><div>The school had ordered Hinkle to submit a written apology to the offended</div><div>students. Hinkle refused, saying his constitutional right to free speech was</div><div>suppressed.</div><div>
</div><div>He contacted the Brooklyn-based Foundation for Individual Rights in Education,</div><div>which filed a lawsuit against Cal Poly. NOW DC?</div><div>
</div><div>"He didn't do anything wrong, period, ever," said Greg Lukianoff, director of Legal and Public Advocacy. "It's</div><div>not like the university didn't have the right to an opinion. If they thought that was offensive, they're free to say</div><div>that."</div><div>
</div><div>The student, now in the school's graduate program, said he was glad the fight was over.</div><div>"If they've shown any intelligence throughout this process, it's that they settled with me," Hinkle said.</div><div>"I'm glad this is over so I can actually concentrate  on school. I can go back to hanging up fliers and being</div><div>more active. I would absolutely do it again."</div><div>
</div><div>http://www.thefire.org/offsite/data/latimes_050604.html (1 of 3) [10/14/2004 4:12:27 PM]</div></div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div><h2 class="posttitle" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 24px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/2016/06/cir-defends-speech-against-climate-crusade/" title="Permalink to CIR Defends Speech Against Climate Crusade" rel="bookmark" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR DEFENDS SPEECH AGAINST CLIMATE CRUSADE</a></h2><div class="entry-utility" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; width: 610px; line-height: 22px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">June 03, 2016 − by<a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/author/cir2/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;"> CIR2</a> − in <a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/category/case-updates/" rel="category tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Case Updates</a> on CIR Defends Speech Against Climate Crusade</div><div class="entry-content" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; width: 610px; line-height: 22px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div class="pf-content" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR is assisting the Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) in its fight against the Attorney <p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><u style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
Silencing Political Speech<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">atty General of the Virgin Islands and his effort to issue a subpoena on CEI demanding that it produce a decade’s worth of communications, statements, and documents related to CEI’s work on climate change from 1997-2007. After several rounds of letters and motions that imposed significant costs on CEI, the AG withdrew his subpoena. CIR filed an <em style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">amicus brief in support of CEI’s claim that the broad speech protections afforded under DC’s Anti-SLAPP statute require the Attorney General to pay for the legal costs imposed on CEI.[so get on public teat?]<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">This crusade against speech began in March of 2016, when a conference of seventeen state Attorney Generals agreed to use their offices to open investigations against companies and organizations who question climate change. New York, California, and the Virgin Islands subsequently launched investigations against ExxonMobil, alleging the company funded research promoting climate-change skepticism. The Virgin Islands AG alleged in his investigation that funding such research would put ExxonMobil in violation of the Criminally Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Pursuant to his investigation of ExxonMobil, the Attorney General of the Virgin Islands issued a subpoena to the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The subpoena asks CEI to produce a decade’s worth of documents from the time period between 1997 and 2007, some of which are over twenty years old.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CEI objected to the subpoena, first by letter to the Virgin Island’s Department of Justice. When that was rejected, CEI filed an objection in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia and a Motion to Dismiss under DC’s Anti-SLAPP Act. CEI maintained that the subpoena was illegal because the subpoena was issued by an Attorney General, instead of a court, and was done with the intent to intimidate CEI. Before the court could consider these filings, the Attorney General voluntarily withdrew his subpoena.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Can the Government Get Away With Threatening Speech?<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">While the withdrawal was a victory for CEI, the significant legal costs imposed will have a chilling effect on CEI and similarly situated organizations. As CEI explained,<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“A perpetrator could launch an action subject to the act, force its target to incur significant legal expenses to hire counsel and assess its rights, and then avoid having to reimburse those expenses by dropping the action at the last minute – after the damage has been done.”<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">To eliminate this kind of aggressive use of the legal system to chill speech, CEI requested the Attorney General pay the attorney fees incurred as a result of the subpoena. CEI filed a motion under DC’s Ant-SLAPP act requesting an award of fees and costs.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR has <a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/cases/burke-v-doe/" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">successfully worked in the past to strengthen the speech protections offered under the DC Anti-SLAPP Act</a>. CIR filed an <em style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">amicus brief in support of CEI’s request for attorney’s fees, arguing that the Anti-SLAPP Act authorizes a court to award attorney fees to a party who successfully obtains a judgment in its favor. In this case, CEI’s motion acted as the catalyst for ending the illegal subpoena. As CIR’s brief explained,<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“The costs imposed on parties against whom SLAPP claims are made, as well as the chilling effect those claims have on free expression, exist regardless of whether the claim is withdrawn just before a court can act.”<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR argues that CEI’s resistance to the AG was the catalyst for ending the AG’s assault on free speech. Thus, CEI should be considered a prevailing party and compensated for its effort in resisting and ending the AG’s frivolous case. An award would not only be equitable in compensating CEI for its expenses, but also act as a deterrent against any future attempts by the AG to target speech.More about this case:</div><ul style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 18px 1.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><li class="page_item page-item-6300" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background: transparent;"><a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/cases/virgin-islands-office-of-the-attorney-general-v-exxonmobil/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Virgin Islands v. ExxonMobil</a></li></ul></div></div><div></div><div>
</div><div>ref'd above</div><div>
</div><div><div class="case-updates" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb"><div class="postdate" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: transparent;">MARCH 15, 2016</div><h2 class="posttitle" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: normal; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" georgia="Georgia" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" background="background" transparent="transparent"><a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/2016/03/free-speech-protections-bolstered-in-district-of-columbia/" title="Permalink to Free Speech Protections Bolstered in District of Columbia" rel="bookmark" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; background: transparent;">FREE SPEECH PROTECTIONS BOLSTERED IN DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA</a></h2><div id="post-6138" class="post-case post-6138 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-case-updates" style="border-top-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div class="entry-content" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; display: inline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><img width="240" height="172" src="https://www.cir-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/slapp.jpg" class="alignleft wp-post-image" alt="" title="" srcset="https://www.cir-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/slapp.jpg 240w, https://www.cir-usa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/slapp-150x108.jpg 150w" sizes="(max-width: 240px) 100vw, 240px" style="border: 0px; margin: 3px 15px 12px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: inline; float: left; background: transparent;" /><div class="pf-content" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">In a significant victory for CIR client “Zujua” — an anonymous Wikepedia editor who was sued for defamation for making edits to a Wikipedia entry — the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia reversed trial judge Maurice Ross’s earlier ruling denying Zujua attorney’s fees.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Judge Ross had ruled that the D.C. anti-SLAPP statute only allows an award of attorney’s fees for what Ross termed “classic” SLAPP lawsuits, which he characterized as suits designed to stifle free speech by filing a frivolous claim.  In his view, the suit against Zujua did not stifle his speech and was not frivolous (even though the Court of Appeals had earlier determined that it had no realistic chance of success).  Among Ross’s rationales struck down by the Court of Appeals was the fact that Zujua was represented by the Center for Individual Rights, a public interest law firm that Ross contended is unmotivated by fees.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The Court of Appeals ruled that an anonymous defendant who successfully challenges a subpoena under the District’s anti-SLAPP statute is presumptively entitled to attorney’s fees never mind whether the subpoena meets Ross’s definition of a “classic” SLAPP suit or whether the defendant is represented by public interest counsel.  It is enough that the defendant show that his speech fits within the category of speech covered by the SLAPP statute, i.e., that it is in furtherance of the right of advocacy on an issue of public interest.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Zujua’s victory before the Court of Appeals ensures that defendants who engage in public advocacy can seek quick dismissal of expensive lawsuits that have no realistic chance of success without incurring ruinous legal fees.  Had the Court ruled the other way, participants in public debate would have been under pressure to settle potentially ruinous defamation suits regardless of their merit solely because they could not afford to avail themselves of the protection offered by the SLAPP statute (or could not find a public interest firm to represent them pro bono).<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Zujua was supported by an amicus briefs from the ACLU, which argued that the presumptive award of attorneys’ fees to the prevailing party is “essential to achieving the objectives of the anti-SLAPP statute.”  The Court of Appeals decision is the second precedent-setting victory CIR has achieved under D.C.’s anti-SLAPP statute.  Zujua’s case now returns to Judge Ross to decide the reasonableness of Zujua’s fee petition, including the additional fees attributable to this most recent trip to the Court of Appeals.<hr class="style3" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; height: 2px; line-height: 0; margin: 25px 0px; break-after: page; text-align: center; width: 610px; clear: both; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(204, 204, 204), rgb(51, 51, 51), rgb(204, 204, 204)); background-attachment: initial; background-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;" /></div></div></div></div><div id="post-3574" class="page-case post-3574 cir-cases type-cir-cases status-publish hentry cir-case-categories-current-cases cir-case-categories-freedom-of-speech cir-case-courts-state-courts" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background-image="background-image" initial="initial" background-attachment="background-attachment" background-size="background-size" background-origin="background-origin" background-clip="background-clip" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat"><div class="entry-content" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div class="pf-content" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><div class="dropcap" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 11px 1px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: left; line-height: 34px; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">
</div><p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR is representing an anonymous Wikipedia editor in a precedent-seeting case designed to establish the free speech right of anonymous internet authors to remain anonymous. At issue is whether and on what terms the courts will enforce the District of Columbia Anti-SLAPP statute, which is designed to protect individuals from lawsuits intended to chill or silence speech by allowing the case against them to be dismissed at an early stage if the speech concerns a matter of public concern and if the complaining party cannot establish a likelihood of success on the merits.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR’s client, who goes by the screen name “Zujua,” was sued for defamation by Susan Burke, a human-rights attorney who has garnered considerable public attention as a result of several lawsuits against the U.S. military and military contractors such as Blackwater USA, Inc.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Zujua edited a portion of Burke’s Wikipedia page concerning her lawsuit against Blackwater over the shooting deaths of Iraqi civilians.  In editing this portion of her page, Zujua mistakenly linked her civil case against Blackwater with a federal criminal case against Blackwater employees over the same events.  The latter case had been dismissed because of prosecutorial misconduct.  The error was corrected a month later.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Still, Burke launched a defamation suit against Zujua, an action CIR characterizes as a SLAPP suit (a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation) that is calculated to make others hesitate to criticize Susan Burke.  Pursuant to the District of Columbia SLAPP statute, a person sued as a result of participating in public discussion can move to dismiss the case early-on unless the plaintiff can show a likelihood of succeeding on the merits.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">In the trial court we moved to quash subpoenas Burke had issued to Wikipedia to learn Zujua’s identity on the grounds that because Susan Burke is a public figure, she must show that Zujua made his confused edit with the knowledge that it was false in order to prevail in her defamation suit.  The trial court erroneously denied the motion and CIR appealed.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Burke countered that Zujua has no right of immediate appeal and that, as a result, he must disclose his identity, defend himself in the suit, and then, on appeal, raise the question of whether the trial court improperly denied him the protection of the SLAPP statute.  CIR argued that the SLAPP statute would offer little protection to an individual such as Zujua unless the law provided an immediate right of appeal on the question whether his speech was protected by the SLAPP statute.<p style="border: 0px; 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CIR’s defense of Zujua resulted in a precedent that strengthens the anti-SLAPP statute in the District of Columbia — one of the most important free-speech jurisdictions in the country.While Zujua’s case was pending on appeal, a similar issue arose in another high-profile case involving the DC anti-SLAPP statute.  Well-known climate scientist Michael Mann is suing the National Review, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, and columnist Mark Steyn for calling Mann’s scientific claims about global warming “fraudulent.”  Like Zujua, the National Review, CEI, and Steyn claim their speech is protected under the SLAPP statute because Mann is unlikely to succeed in proving defamation.  As with Zujua, the DC trial court denied their SLAPP motion.</div><div class="case-status" style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Case Status: Victory</div></div></div></div><h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading"></h1><div>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke</div><div>
</div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px;">Susan L. Burke is an American personal injury lawyer known for cases in which she has represented plaintiffs suing the American military or military contractors, such as the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abtan_v.Blackwater" title="Abtan v. Blackwater" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Abtan v. Blackwater</a> case. She represented former detainees of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_Central_Prison" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Central Prison" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Abu Ghraib</a> prison in a suit against interrogators and translators from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CACI" title="CACI" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CACI</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Corp." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Titan Corp.</a>[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">citation needed</a>] who were tasked with obtaining <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">military intelligence</a> from them during their detention.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-20110319TheCenterforConstitutionalRights-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-20110309TheCenterforConstitutionalRights-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[2]</a><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#Early_life_and_education" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">1Early life and education</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#Career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">2Career</a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#Notable_cases" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3Notable cases</a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#Abtan_v.Blackwater" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.1Abtan v. Blackwater</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#Saleh_v.Titan_Corp." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.2Saleh v. Titan Corp.</a></li><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#Davis_v.U.S.Training_Center.2C_Inc." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">3.3Davis v. U.S. Training Center, Inc.</a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">4References</a></li></ul></div><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Early life and education[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_L.Burke&action=edit&section=1&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Early life and education" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>Burke, the daughter of a career Army officer, grew up on various Army bases.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[3]</a> She majored in international law and politics at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Georgetown University</a>, and received her <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">J.D.</a> in 1987 from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_School_of_Law" title="Columbus School of Law" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Columbus School of Law</a> at <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Catholic_University_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic University of America" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">the Catholic University of America</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Profile-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[4]</a><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Career[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_L.Burke&action=edit&section=2&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Career" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2>In 2000, Burke became an Equity Partner at the law firm of Montgomery, McCracken, Walker and Rhoads LLP. In August<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Profile-4" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[4]</a> of 2005 she left to form her own firm, which has been known, in turn, as Burke Pyle LLC, Burke O'Neil LLC, and Burke PLLC.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-History-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[5]</a>Since establishing her firm, Burke has taken on a number of cases. For example, she has represented accused terrorists who have sought damages from the U.S. Government, which had detained them as <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enemy_combatant" title="Enemy combatant" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">enemy combatants</a>. As defense counsel for seventeen plaintiffs who said they had been <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_assault_in_the_United_States_military" title="Sexual assault in the United States military" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">sexually assaulted</a> by colleagues in the military, she filed suit against former <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Secretary of Defense" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Secretaries of Defense</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Donald Rumsfeld</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gates" title="Robert Gates" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Robert Gates</a> on the grounds that they were partially responsible for creating a military environment that made such assaults possible. She also sought payments for the families of Iraqi citizens who had allegedly been killed or injured on a busy Baghdad street by employees of private military company <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwater (company)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Blackwater</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Saleh-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">[</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Saleh-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">6]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Army_Times-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[7]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Abtan-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[8]</a>Reports published in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">The New York Times</a> and for <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">CBS News</a> were critical of Burke's defense of Abu Ghraib detainees, citing Pentagon reports stating that 14-20% of individuals who have been released from such facilities because they have been deemed not to pose a serious threat <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_former_Guantanamo_Bay_detainees_alleged_to_have_returned_to_terrorism" title="Lists of former Guantanamo Bay detainees alleged to have returned to terrorism" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">allegedly resume terrorist activities</a>.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-NY_Times-Recidivism-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[9]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-CBS-Recidivism-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[10]</a> One such former detainee, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Shafir_Sen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrahim Shafir Sen" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Ibrahim Shafir Sen</a>, who was released from Guantanamo and, with Burke as his attorney, filed a suit against Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[11]</a> was later re-arrested in Turkey and charged with being a leader of an al-Qaida terrorist cell.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[12]</a> Burke, however, consistently maintains the innocence of her clients, saying of them, "These innocent men were senselessly tortured by U.S. companies that profited from their misery."<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Fox-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[13]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Overseas-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[14]</a>During a hearing on the civil immunity of government contractors working at Abu Ghraib, Burke asserted that enemy combatants should have the right to sue U.S. soldiers if the U.S. attorney general "fails to intervene." The court disagreed.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Immunity-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[15]</a>In September 2013 she filed a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">defamation</a> lawsuit to discover the identities of two anonymous Wikipedia editors who she alleged had inserted misleading information into her Wikipedia article (i.e. this article). One of her goals of the suit was to discover if there was a connection between those two editors and Blackwater.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[16]</a> One of the John Does filed an anti-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAPP" class="mw-redirect" title="SLAPP" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">SLAPP</a> lawsuit against Burke, backed by the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Individual_Rights" title="Center for Individual Rights" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Center for Individual Rights</a>, asserting that her lawsuit was intended to chill or silence speech. The trial court denied Doe's motion. But on May 29, 2014 the DC Court of Appeals reversed that decision. The appeals court specifically held that "Ms. Burke is public figure," "she is required to show malice on [John Doe's] part in order to succeed on her defamation claim," and that "she is unlikely to be able to do so [show actual malice] here." <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">[17]</a> The appeals court said that Doe could now pursue recovery of legal fees in the trial court.<h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Notable cases[</h2><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Abtan v. Blackwater<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_L.Burke&action=edit&section=4&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Abtan v. Blackwater" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3><div role="note" class="hatnote" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 1.6em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">See also: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abtan_v.Blackwater" title="Abtan v. Blackwater" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Abtan v. Blackwater</a></div>Burke represented plaintiffs Talib Mutlaq Deewan and the estates of Himoud Saed Abtan, Usama Fadil Abbass and Oday Ismail Ibraheem in a lawsuit against Blackwater (now <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academi" title="Academi" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Academi</a>). The lawsuit, which stemmed from the firefight in Nisoor Square in Baghdad, alleged Blackwater had violated the federal <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_Tort_Statute" title="Alien Tort Statute" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Alien Tort Statute</a> by committing <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">extrajudicial killing</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">war crimes</a>, and that the company was liable for assault and battery, wrongful death, intentional and negligent infliction of emotional distress, and negligent hiring, training and supervision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[18]</a> The lawsuit was settled on January 6, 2010.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Abtan-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[8]</a>In 2013 Burke levied a defamation lawsuit against two Wikipedia editors for confusing the Atban case and a similar criminal case against Blackwater in the text of her Wikipedia entry, in addition to adding other information she believed to be false. Burke claimed that the confusion between cases may have been the result of a conflict-of-interest for the editors in question, alleging that the editors were possibly working for Blackwater at the time of the edits. One of the defending editors' attorneys, Christopher Hajec of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Individual_Rights" title="Center for Individual Rights" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Center for Individual Rights</a>, argued that the lawsuit could have the effect of chilling freedom of speech and the willingness of Wikipedia editors to "edit on matters of public concern".<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[19]</a> On May 29, 2014, a Washington DC court quashed one of her two subpoenas of John Doe editors, as a result of the application of anti-<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLAPP" class="mw-redirect" title="SLAPP" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">SLAPP</a> laws. The other's subpoena was not quashed in the decision.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[20]</a><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Saleh v. Titan Corp.<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_L.Burke&action=edit&section=5&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Saleh v. Titan Corp." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>In 2008, a federal judge in Virginia allowed former detainees to sue <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CACI_International_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="CACI International Inc." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">CACI International Inc.</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titan_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Titan Corp." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Titan Corp.</a>[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">not in citation given</a>] for mistreatment while being held in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ghraib" title="Abu Ghraib" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Abu Ghraib</a>. Burke represented a group of men suing these organizations.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-20110319TheCenterforConstitutionalRights-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[1]</a> The case was dismissed on September 11, 2009 by a panel of the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia, on the ground that the charges could not be brought against the contractors under the Alien Tort Statute. On June 27, 2011, the Supreme Court refused to review the case.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Saleh-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[6]</a><h3 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 1.6; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Davis v. U.S. Training Center, Inc.<span class="mw-editsection" style="-webkit-user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; display: inline-block; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;">[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_L.Burke&action=edit&section=6&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: Davis v. U.S. Training Center, Inc." style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h3>A suit, officially known as United States of America, ex rel. Melan Davis and Brad Davis v. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Training Center" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">U.S. Training Center, Inc.</a>, f/k/a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_Training_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackwater Training Center" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Blackwater Lodge and Training Center, Inc.</a>, was filed in the U.S. Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals on October 28, 2011,<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Justia-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[21]</a> under the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_Claims_Act" title="False Claims Act" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">False Claims Act</a> (FCA). The plaintiffs, Melan and Brad Davis, alleged that their former employer, U.S. Training Center, had overbilled and defrauded the U.S. government while providing security services in New Orleans after <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Hurricane Katrina</a>, as well as in Iraq and Afghanistan.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Doc_513-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[22]</a> On August 5, 2011, a jury ruled in favor of U.S. Training Center. Much of the evidence presented had been ruled by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Federal Judge</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.S.Ellis_III" class="mw-redirect" title="T.S. Ellis III" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">T.S. Ellis III</a> to be either inadmissible or unsubstantiated, including the oft-reported<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[23]</a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[24]</a> claim that the contractors had billed the government for prostitutes.<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_note-Military-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">[25]</a><h2 style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 1.3; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-color: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">References[<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_L.Burke&action=edit&section=7&editintro=Template:BLP_editintro" title="Edit section: References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">edit</a>]</h2><div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.3em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0px 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-20110319TheCenterforConstitutionalRights-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-20110319TheCenterforConstitutionalRights_1-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-20110319TheCenterforConstitutionalRights_1-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321154153/http://ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/court-rules-abu-ghraib-torture-victims-can-sue-contractor-caci%2C-according-le" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Court Rules Abu Ghraib Torture Victims Can Sue Contractor CACI, According to Legal Team for Former Detainees"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Center for Constitutional Rights</a>. Center for Constitutional Rights. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccrjustice.org/newsroom/press-releases/court-rules-abu-ghraib-torture-victims-can-sue-contractor-caci,-according-le" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">the original</a> on 2011-03-21. Retrieved13 October 2011. <q style="quotes: " apos="apos">A Virginia federal court ruled Wednesday that four former Abu Ghraib detainees who were tortured and later released without charge can sue U.S. military contractor CACI International Inc. (NYSE: CAI), according to their U.S. legal team. … The former detainees are represented by attorneys Susan L. Burke, William T. O’Neil and William F. Gould of Burke O’Neil LLC, of Washington, D.C.; …</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Court+Rules+Abu+Ghraib+Torture+Victims+Can+Sue+Contractor+CACI%2C+According+to+Legal+Team+for+Former+Detainees&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccrjustice.org%2Fnewsroom%2Fpress-releases%2Fcourt-rules-abu-ghraib-torture-victims-can-sue-contractor-caci%2C-according-le&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Constitutional+Rights&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-20110309TheCenterforConstitutionalRights-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-20110309TheCenterforConstitutionalRights_2-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110309004606/http://ccrjustice.org/ourcases/current-cases/abtan-et-al-v-blackwater-usa-et-al" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Abtan, et al. v. Prince, et al."</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Constitutional_Rights" title="Center for Constitutional Rights" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Center for Constitutional Rights</a>. Center for Constitutional Rights. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccrjustice.org/ourcases/current-cases/abtan-et-al-v-blackwater-usa-et-al" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">the original</a> on 2011-03-09. Retrieved11 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Abtan%2C+et+al.+v.+Prince%2C+et+al.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccrjustice.org%2Fourcases%2Fcurrent-cases%2Fabtan-et-al-v-blackwater-usa-et-al&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Constitutional+Rights&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Rehm, Diane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thedianerehmshow.org/shows/2011-02-17/sexual-assault-and-us-military/transcript" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"NPR Interview - Sexual Assault and the U.S. Military"</a>. The Diane Rehm Show. NPR. Retrieved 13 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=NPR+Interview+-+Sexual+Assault+and+the+U.S.+Military&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.aulast=Rehm&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthedianerehmshow.org%2Fshows%2F2011-02-17%2Fsexual-assault-and-us-military%2Ftranscript&rft.jtitle=The+Diane+Rehm+Show&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Profile-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Profile_4-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Profile_4-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burkepllc.com/attorneys/susan-burke.php" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Profile of Susan L. Burke"</a>. Burke PLLC. Retrieved 13 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=Profile+of+Susan+L.+Burke&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burkepllc.com%2Fattorneys%2Fsusan-burke.php&rft.pub=Burke+PLLC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-History-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-History_5-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burkepllc.com/firm/history.php" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Our History"</a>. Burke PLLC. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=Our+History&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burkepllc.com%2Ffirm%2Fhistory.php&rft.pub=Burke+PLLC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Saleh-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Saleh_6-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Saleh_6-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccrjustice.org/ourcases/current-cases/saleh-v-titan" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Saleh et al v. Titan et al."</a>. center for constitutional rights. center for constitutional rights. Retrieved 15 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Saleh+et+al+v.+Titan+et+al.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccrjustice.org%2Fourcases%2Fcurrent-cases%2Fsaleh-v-titan&rft.jtitle=center+for+constitutional+rights&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Army_Times-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Army_Times_7-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Kime, Patricia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.armytimes.com/news/2011/12/military-sexual-assault-lawsuit-dismissed-121311w/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Troops’ sexual assault lawsuit dismissed"</a>. Army Times. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.aulast=Kime&rft.btitle=Troops%99+sexual+assault+lawsuit+dismissed&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.armytimes.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F12%2Fmilitary-sexual-assault-lawsuit-dismissed-121311w%2F&rft.pub=Army+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Abtan-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Abtan_8-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:a</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Abtan_8-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">b</a> <cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccrjustice.org/ourcases/current-cases/abtan-et-al-v-blackwater-usa-et-al" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Abtan, et al. v. Prince, et al."</a>. center for constitutional rights. center for constitutional rights. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Abtan%2C+et+al.+v.+Prince%2C+et+al.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccrjustice.org%2Fourcases%2Fcurrent-cases%2Fabtan-et-al-v-blackwater-usa-et-al&rft.jtitle=center+for+constitutional+rights&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-NY_Times-Recidivism-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-NY_Times-Recidivism_9-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Bumiller, Elisabeth (May 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/21/us/politics/21gitmo.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Later Terror Link Cited for 1 in 7 Freed Detainees"</a>. The New York Times online. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Later+Terror+Link+Cited+for+1+in+7+Freed+Detainees&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft.aulast=Bumiller&rft.date=2009-05-20&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F05%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F21gitmo.html&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-CBS-Recidivism-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-CBS-Recidivism_10-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Martin, David (July 30, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/07/30/eveningnews/main5199148.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"18% of Gitmo Detainees Go Back to Terror"</a>. CBS Online. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=18%25+of+Gitmo+Detainees+Go+Back+to+Terror&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.date=2009-07-30&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fstories%2F2009%2F07%2F30%2Feveningnews%2Fmain5199148.shtml&rft.jtitle=CBS+Online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccrjustice.org/ourcases/current-cases/celikgogus-v.-rumsfeld" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Celikgogus v. Rumsfeld & Allaithi v. Rumsfeld"</a>. Center for Constitutional Rights. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=Celikgogus+v.+Rumsfeld+%26+Allaithi+v.+Rumsfeld&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccrjustice.org%2Fourcases%2Fcurrent-cases%2Fcelikgogus-v.-rumsfeld&rft.pub=Center+for+Constitutional+Rights&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defense.gov/news/d20080613Returntothefightfactsheet.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 18px; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat">"Fact Sheet - Former GTMO Detainee Terrorism Trends"</a> (PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=Fact+Sheet+-+Former+GTMO+Detainee+Terrorism+Trends&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defense.gov%2Fnews%2Fd20080613Returntothefightfactsheet.pdf&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Defense&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Fox-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Fox_13-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Dishneau, David (June 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Jun30/0,4670,AbuGhraibLawsuits,00.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Abu Ghraib inmates sue contractors, claim torture"</a>. Fox News online. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Abu+Ghraib+inmates+sue+contractors%2C+claim+torture&rft.aufirst=David&rft.aulast=Dishneau&rft.date=2008-06-30&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fwires%2F2008Jun30%2F0%2C4670%2CAbuGhraibLawsuits%2C00.html&rft.jtitle=Fox+News+online&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Overseas-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Overseas_14-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://civiliancontractors.wordpress.com/tag/susan-l-burke/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Iraqis’ Torture Case Against L-3 Services Proceeds"</a>. Overseas Civilian Contractors. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=Iraqis%99+Torture+Case+Against+L-3+Services+Proceeds&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciviliancontractors.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Fsusan-l-burke%2F&rft.pub=Overseas+Civilian+Contractors&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Immunity-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Immunity_15-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">O'Dell, Larry (October 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39852644/ns/us_news-security/t/abu-ghraib-contractors-seek-civil-immunity/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Abu Ghraib contractors seek civil immunity"</a>.MSNBC. Retrieved 14 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Abu+Ghraib+contractors+seek+civil+immunity&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.aulast=O%27Dell&rft.date=2010-10-26&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F39852644%2Fns%2Fus_news-security%2Ft%2Fabu-ghraib-contractors-seek-civil-immunity%2F&rft.jtitle=MSNBC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Weiss, Debra Cassens (September 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/dc_lawyer_pursues_suit_to_unmask_authors_who_changed_her_wikipedia_page" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"DC lawyer pursues suit to unmask authors who changed her Wikipedia page"</a>. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABA_Journal" title="ABA Journal" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">ABA Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=DC+lawyer+pursues+suit+to+unmask+authors+who+changed+her+Wikipedia+page&rft.aufirst=Debra+Cassens&rft.aulast=Weiss&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fdc_lawyer_pursues_suit_to_unmask_authors_who_changed_her_wikipedia_page&rft.jtitle=%27%27ABA+Journal%27%27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/dc-court-of-appeals/1668280.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"District of Columbia Court of Appeals. John DOE No. 1, Appellant v. Susan L. BURKE, Appellee. No. 13–CV–83. Decided: May 29, 2014"</a>. May 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=District+of+Columbia+Court+of+Appeals.+John+DOE+No.+1%2C+Appellant+v.+Susan+L.+BURKE%2C+Appellee.+No.+13%93CV%9383.+Decided%3A+May+29%2C+2014&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.findlaw.com%2Fdc-court-of-appeals%2F1668280.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contractormisconduct.org/index.cfm/1,73,222,html?CaseID=820" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Abtan v. Blackwater (Sept. 16, 2007 Baghdad Shooting)"</a>. pogo.org. pogo.org. Retrieved 13 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Abtan+v.+Blackwater+%28Sept.+16%2C+2007+Baghdad+Shooting%29&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.contractormisconduct.org%2Findex.cfm%2F1%2C73%2C222%2Chtml%3FCaseID%3D820&rft.jtitle=pogo.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Debra Cassens Weiss (September 16, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/dc_lawyer_pursues_suit_to_unmask_authors_who_changed_her_wikipedia_page/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"DC lawyer pursues suit to unmask authors who changed her Wikipedia page"</a>. ABA Journal. RetrievedSeptember 16, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.au=Debra+Cassens+Weiss&rft.btitle=DC+lawyer+pursues+suit+to+unmask+authors+who+changed+her+Wikipedia+page&rft.date=2013-09-16&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abajournal.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fdc_lawyer_pursues_suit_to_unmask_authors_who_changed_her_wikipedia_page%2F&rft.pub=%27%27ABA+Journal%27%27&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caselaw.findlaw.com/dc-court-of-appeals/1668280.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"District of Columbia Court of Appeals. John DOE No. 1, Appellant v. Susan L. BURKE, Appellee. No. 13–CV–83. Decided: May 29, 2014"</a>. May 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=District+of+Columbia+Court+of+Appeals.+John+DOE+No.+1%2C+Appellant+v.+Susan+L.+BURKE%2C+Appellee.+No.+13%93CV%9383.+Decided%3A+May+29%2C+2014&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaselaw.findlaw.com%2Fdc-court-of-appeals%2F1668280.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Justia-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Justia_21-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dockets.justia.com/docket/circuit-courts/ca4/11-2180/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"United States ex rel Davis v. U.S. Training Center Inc."</a>. Justia Dockets & Filings. Retrieved 9 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=United+States+ex+rel+Davis+v.+U.S.+Training+Center+Inc.&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdockets.justia.com%2Fdocket%2Fcircuit-courts%2Fca4%2F11-2180%2F&rft.pub=Justia+Dockets+%26+Filings&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Doc_513-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Doc_513_22-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/virginia/vaedce/1:2008cv01244/236948/513" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"TRJ Davis et al v. Blackwater Lodge and Training Center, Inc. et al - Document 513"</a>. Retrieved 9 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.btitle=TRJ+Davis+et+al+v.+Blackwater+Lodge+and+Training+Center%2C+Inc.+et+al+-+Document+513&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw.justia.com%2Fcases%2Ffederal%2Fdistrict-courts%2Fvirginia%2Fvaedce%2F1%3A2008cv01244%2F236948%2F513&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-12/justice/blackwater.suit_1_blackwater-employees-fraud-suit-strippers?s=PM:CRIME" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Suit: Prostitute, strippers part of Blackwater fraud"</a>. CNN. 12 February 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Suit%3A+Prostitute%2C+strippers+part+of+Blackwater+fraud&rft.date=2010-02-12&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2010-02-12%2Fjustice%2Fblackwater.suit_1_blackwater-employees-fraud-suit-strippers%3F_s%3DPM%3ACRIME&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/11/us/11suit.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"2 Ex-Workers Accuse Blackwater Security Company of Defrauding the U.S. for Years"</a>. New York Times. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 9 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=2+Ex-Workers+Accuse+Blackwater+Security+Company+of+Defrauding+the+U.S.+for+Years&rft.date=2012-02-10&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F02%2F11%2Fus%2F11suit.html&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li><li id="cite_note-Military-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; break-inside: avoid-column;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_L.Burke#cite_ref-Military_25-0" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="-webkit-user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up^{</a> }<cite class="citation news" style="font-style: inherit; word-wrap: break-word;">Barakat, Matthew (August 5, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/08/05/jury-rules-in-favor-blackwater-in-lawsuit/" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(102, 51, 102); padding-right: 13px; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" c="C" fxml="Fxml" version="version" d="D" encoding="encoding" utf-8="UTF-8" standalone="standalone" no="no" f="F" e="E" csvg="Csvg" http="http" a="A" fwww.w3.org="Fwww.w3.org" f2000="F2000" fsvg="Fsvg" width="width" height="height" cpath="Cpath" fill="fill" fff="fff" stroke="stroke" m1.5="M1.5" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" m5.765="M5.765" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" m9.995="M9.995" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" xmlns="xmlns" xmlns:data="data">"Jury Rules in Favor of Blackwater in Lawsuit"</a>. Associated Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASusan+L.+Burke&rft.atitle=Jury+Rules+in+Favor+of+Blackwater+in+Lawsuit&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft.aulast=Barakat&rft.date=2011-08-05&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2F2011%2F08%2F05%2Fjury-rules-in-favor-blackwater-in-lawsuit%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988" /></li></ol></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; color: rgb(37, 37, 37); line-height: 22.4px; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249);"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Categories</a>: <ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-style: none; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Living people</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_lawyers" title="Category:American lawyers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">American lawyers</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Columbus_School_of_Law_alumni" title="Category:Columbus School of Law alumni" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Columbus School of Law alumni</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Edmund_A._Walsh_School_of_Foreign_Service_alumni" title="Category:Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left-width: 1px; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:American_women_lawyers" title="Category:American women lawyers" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(11, 0, 128); background: none;">American women lawyers</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div></div><div>http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/dc_lawyer_pursues_suit_to_unmask_authors_who_changed_her_wikipedia_page</div><div>
</div><div>Washington, D.C., lawyer is pursuing a defamation lawsuit that seeks to unmask two anonymous writers who edited her Wikipedia page.Lawyer Susan Burke tells the ABA Journal the anonymous Wikipedia editors wrongly alleged she had been sanctioned by a federal judge whom she had never appeared before. The judge was overseeing the prosecution of Blackwater security guards but did not preside in Burke’s separate civil suit against the private security contractor’s employees on behalf of the families of Iraqi shooting victims. The <a href="http://www.law.com/jsp/nlj/PubArticleNLJ.jsp?id=1202618385256&Lawyer_Wants_Identity_of_Wikipedia_Editor_Revealed" title="National Law Journal" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">National Law Journal</a> (sub. req.) has a story on Burke’s suit.Burke says she wonders if there is some connection between the Wikipedia editors who inserted the false information and Blackwater Inc. Part of the reason she suspects Blackwater, she says, is because of friction with the company’s founder, Erik Prince, during a deposition in the civil case.Her aim, Burke tells the ABA Journal, is to find out who posted the information and whether he or she has any connection to Blackwater or Prince. If there is no connection, Burke said, she might be willing to dismiss the suit.The two Wikipedia editors are identified only as Zujua and CapBasics359. According to the NLJ account of Burke’s suit, Zujua edited Burke’s Wikipedia page in 2012. Burke removed the false information, but CapBasics359 removed Burke’s edits several months later to restore the incorrect information, the suit says.Zujua fought Burke’s Wikipedia subpoena and is appealing a lower court’s refusal to quash. The District of Columbia Court of Appeals has postponed a Sept. 19 hearing to get additional briefing from the parties, according to <a href="http://legaltimes.typepad.com/blt/2013/09/court-delays-arguments-in-dispute-over-anonymous-wikipedia-editor.html" title="The BLT: The Blog of Legal Times" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">The BLT: The Blog of Legal Times</a>.Zujua argues the appeal is allowed under Washington’s law barring strategic lawsuits against public participation. Additional briefing will be on the merits of the judge’s refusal to quash the subpoena.The identity of CapBasics359 is still unknown, although Burke’s lawyers know he logged in at a Starbucks in California, the NLJ says.Burke’s lawyer, William O’Neil, told the NLJ his client filed suit for a couple reasons. “The frustration of dealing with Wikipedia led her to file the suit, mostly in an effort to find out who was doing it,” O’Neil said.Zujua is represented by Christopher Hajec of The Center for Individual Rights. “We view this as having the effect of chilling the free speech rights of other Wikipedia editors who will hesitate to edit on matters of public concern for fear of being sued if they make a mistake,” he told the NLJ.Burke, who was a solo before joining Katz, Marshall & Banks, received a 2013 “Women Doing Good” award from Self magazine for her legal work on behalf of victims of sexual assault in the military, according a law firm <a href="http://kmblegal.com/news/susan-burke-receives-2013-women-doing-good-award-from-self-magazine/" title="press release" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">press release</a>. Her work was profiled in a documentary called The Invisible War, <a href="http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/military_lawyers_confront_changes_as_sexual_assault_becomes_big_news/" title="which told the stories" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">which told the stories</a> of service members who reported retaliation for reporting rapes. She is also lead counsel <a href="http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/iraq_prison_abuse_suit_against_contractor_allowed/" title="on behalf of Abu Ghraib torture victims" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">on behalf of Abu Ghraib torture victims</a>, according to her <a href="http://kmblegal.com/attorneys-and-staff/susan-burke/" title="law firm bio" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(66, 139, 202); text-decoration: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">law firm bio</a>.Updated on Sept. 20 to provide additional information and on Sept. 23 to include information from an interview with Susan Burke.</div><div></div><div>
</div><div></div><div>lost on fees</div><div>
</div><div>http://dcslapplaw.com/files/2015/09/Burke-Superior-Court-Opinion-re-fees.pdf</div><div>==</div><h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">srcwtch:</h1><h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Center for Individual Rights</h1>

The Center for Individual Rights claims it opposes

discrimination but its agenda is to oppose affirmative action and other

programs that attempt to restore racial/gender/sexual equality by

favoring those who have been traditionally discriminated against.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-0" title="">[1]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-1" title="">[2]</a>

They supported the Boy Scouts in their effort to exclude homosexuals.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-2" title="">[3]</a>

<h2>Contents</h2>

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<ul><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Overview">1 Overview</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Cases">2 Cases</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Funding">3 Funding</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Links_page">4 Links page</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Personnel">5 Personnel</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Contact_details">6 Contact details</a></li><li class="toclevel-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Resources_and_articles">7 Resources and articles</a>

<ul><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#Related_SourceWatch_articles">7.1 Related SourceWatch articles</a></li><li class="toclevel-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#References">7.2 References</a></li></ul>

</li></ul>

</td></tr></tbody></table>

</a><h2><a name="Overview" id="Overview">Overview</a></h2>

<a name="Overview" id="Overview">The Center for Individual Rights is a conservative U.S. law firm, in contrast to liberal groups such as the </a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACLU" title="ACLU" class="mw-redirect">ACLU</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Public_Citizen" title="Public Citizen">Public Citizen</a>. The group started in April 1989. "The founders, Michael McDonald and Michael Greve, met through their work at the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Washington_Legal_Foundation" title="Washington Legal Foundation">Washington Legal Foundation</a>.

McDonald, an attorney, specialized in First Amendment litigation and

had launched WLF's Legal Studies Division in 1987; Greve, in turn, wrote

on environmental issues and assisted with WLF's fundraising."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-3" title="">[4]</a>

</a><h2><a name="Cases" id="Cases">Cases</a></h2>

<a name="Cases" id="Cases">The Center is currently involved in a case before the Court of

Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit challenging Section 5 of

the Voting Rights Act of 1964, which "prohibits certain southern

jurisdictions from implementing changes in voting procedures unless they

first obtain federal pre-clearance that the proposed changes do not

have the purpose or effect of reducing the ability of citizens to vote

on the basis of their race."</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-4" title="">[5]</a> lost?  https://www.cir-usa.org/cases/laroque-et-al-v-holder-et-al/In July 2010, the "North Carolina State Conference of Branches of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=NAACP" title="NAACP" class="mw-redirect">NAACP</a>

and several Kinston, NC residents moved to intervene as defendants in

LaRoque v. Holder, CIR's case challenging Section 5 of the Voting Rights

Act. The proposed Defendant-Intervenors seek to defend the

constitutionality of the preclearance provisions of Section 5, which the

Justice Department used to prohibit Kinston from implementing a

nonpartisan voting system favored by 63% of Kinston residents. The

Proposed Defendant-intervenors argue that their interest in protecting

minority voting rights will not be adequately protected by the

Department of Justice and so seek to intervene as additional parties in

the case."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-5" title="">[6]</a>

The Center is also representing video provocateur <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">James O'Keefe</a>.

In March of 2011, the Center " filed a motion in federal court to

strike down a California anti-tape recording statute that CIR contends

violates the First Amendment. In that statute, California has made it a

criminal offense for a person not affiliated with law enforcement to

record his own 'confidential' conversation with any other person, unless

that person consents to being recorded." Juan Carlos Vera, a former <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACORN" title="ACORN" class="mw-redirect">ACORN</a> employee is suing O’Keefe for civil damages with regard to the series of videos he filmed about <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACORN" title="ACORN" class="mw-redirect">ACORN</a> in 2009.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-6" title="">[7]</a>

The Center represented Anita MonCrief, former employee of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACORN" title="ACORN" class="mw-redirect">ACORN</a>'s subsidiary Project Vote, in her countersuit against <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACORN" title="ACORN" class="mw-redirect">ACORN</a> "for abuse of process" in <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=ACORN" title="ACORN" class="mw-redirect">ACORN</a>'s

suit "for $5 million in damages" and "alleging she committed trademark

infringement and other torts in connection with her blogging and

emailing about the intertwined groups."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-7" title="">[8]</a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-8" title="">[9]</a>

MonCrief is now a regular contributor to conservative blogs such as

"Big Government, Hot Air, NetRight Daily, RedState [and] NewsReal Blog."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-9" title="">[10]</a> She is also "the National Spokesperson for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Majority" title="American Majority">American Majority</a> and the Editor-in-Chief of a new website, <a href="http://emergingcorruption.com/" class="external text" title="http://emergingcorruption.com/" rel="nofollow">Emerging Corruption</a>."<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-10" title="">[11]</a>

A list of further cases can be found via the Center's <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/case_results.php?" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/case_results.php?" rel="nofollow">CIR case finder</a>.

</a><h2><a name="Funding" id="Funding">Funding</a></h2>

The organization's income from contributions is over 1 million dollars a year.

<ul><a name="Funding" id="Funding" /><li><a name="Funding" id="Funding"></a><a name="Funding" id="Funding" /><a name="Funding" id="Funding" /><a name="Funding" id="Funding" /><a name="Funding" id="Funding" /><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Koch_Family_Foundations" title="Koch Family Foundations">Koch Family Foundations</a> gave $40,000</li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Randolph_Foundation" title="Randolph Foundation">Randolph Foundation</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=F.M._Kirby_Foundation" title="F.M. Kirby Foundation">F.M. Kirby Foundation</a> $125,000<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-11" title="">[12]</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=The_Lynde_and_Harry_Bradley_Foundation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation (page does not exist)">The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation</a> gave $1.52 million from 1989-2006</li></ul>

The group receives most of its funding from <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Libertarian" title="Libertarian" class="mw-redirect">libertarian</a> and conservative foundations such as those run by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Richard Mellon Scaife</a>.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-12" title="">[13]</a>

</a><h2><a name="Links_page" id="Links_page">Links page</a></h2>

<a name="Links_page" id="Links_page">Their "helpful links" page links to libertarian and conservative groups such as the </a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society" class="mw-redirect">Federalist Society</a>, The <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Institute_for_Justice" title="Institute for Justice">Institute for Justice</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a>, the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Koch" title="Koch">Koch</a>-funded groups <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Heritage_Foundation" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Mackinac_Center_for_Public_Policy" title="Mackinac Center for Public Policy">Mackinac Center for Public Policy</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>, <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> and <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Commentary_Magazine" title="Commentary Magazine">Commentary Magazine</a>.<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-13" title="">[14]</a>

</a><h2><a name="Personnel" id="Personnel">Personnel</a></h2>

<a name="Personnel" id="Personnel">Staff: </a><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-14" title="">[15]</a>

<ul><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Terence_J.Pell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terence J. Pell (page does not exist)">Terence J. Pell</a>, President</li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Michael_E.Rosman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael E. Rosman (page does not exist)">Michael E. Rosman</a>, General Counsel</li></ul>

Board of Directors: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_note-15" title="">[16]</a>

<ul><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Jeremy_A.Rabkin" title="Jeremy A. Rabkin">Jeremy A. Rabkin</a>, (Chairman) professor of International Law at the George Mason Law School.</li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Larry_P.Arnn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larry P. Arnn (page does not exist)">Larry P. Arnn</a>, President of Hillsdale College.</li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Robert_P.George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert P. George (page does not exist)">Robert P. George</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_B.Mann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James B. Mann (page does not exist)">James B. Mann</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Arthur_Stephen_Penn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Stephen Penn (page does not exist)">Arthur Stephen Penn</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=James_Piereson" title="James Piereson">James Piereson</a>, President of the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=William_E._Simon_Foundation" title="William E. Simon Foundation" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">William E. Simon Foundation</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Gerald_Walpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Walpin (page does not exist)">Gerald Walpin</a></li></ul>

Former:

<ul><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Ann Coulter</a></li></ul>

</a><h2><a name="Contact_details" id="Contact_details">Contact details</a></h2>

<a name="Contact_details" id="Contact_details">Center for Individual Rights

1233 20th Street, N.W., Suite 300

Washington, DC 20036

Phone: 202-833-8400

Fax: 202-833-8410

E-mail: cir AT cir-usa.org

Web: </a><a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/" class="external free" title="http://www.cir-usa.org" rel="nofollow">http://www.cir-usa.org</a>

</a><h2><a name="Resources_and_articles" id="Resources_and_articles">Resources and articles</a></h2>

</a><h3><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles">Related SourceWatch articles</a></h3>

<ul><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles" /><li><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles"></a><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles" /><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles" /><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles" /><a name="Related_SourceWatch_articles" id="Related_SourceWatch_articles" /><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=American_Civil_Rights_Coalition" title="American Civil Rights Coalition">American Civil Rights Coalition</a></li><li><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=List_of_%27conservative%27_organizations" title="List of 'conservative' organizations">List of 'conservative' organizations</a></li></ul>

</a><h3><a name="References" id="References">References</a></h3>

<ol class="references"><a name="References" id="References" /><li id="cite_note-0"><a name="References" id="References"></a><a name="References" id="References" /><a name="References" id="References" /><a name="References" id="References" /><a name="References" id="References" /><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-0" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" rel="nofollow">The latest news from CIR</a>, organization website listing recent court cases, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-1"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-1" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/cases/michigan.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/cases/michigan.html" rel="nofollow">Ending racial double standards</a>, organization website, March 23, 2010, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-2"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-2" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/cases/dale_v_boy_scouts.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/cases/dale_v_boy_scouts.html" rel="nofollow">Dale v. Boy Scouts of America</a>, organization website, December 4, 2007, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-3"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-3" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/history.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/history.html" rel="nofollow">History of CIR</a>, Center for Individual Rights, accessed November 2010.</li><li id="cite_note-4"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-4" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/cases/laroque_v_holder.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/cases/laroque_v_holder.html" rel="nofollow">LaRoque et al. v. Holder et al.</a>, organization website, April 13, 2010, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-5"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-5" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" rel="nofollow">NC NAACP seeks to intervene in voting rights case</a>, organization website, July 7, 2010, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-6"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-6" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" rel="nofollow">James O'Keefe challenges California anti-tape recording law</a>, organization website, March 15, 2011, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-7"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-7" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/releases/102.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/releases/102.html" rel="nofollow">Lawsuit against Anita MonCrief dismissed</a>, organization website, April 6, 2010, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-8"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-8" title="">↑</a> Center for Individual Rights <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/updates/index.html#ok" rel="nofollow">Case dismissed</a>, organization website, April 6, 2010, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-9"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-9" title="">↑</a> Andrew Breitbart <a href="http://biggovernment.com/author/amoncrief/" class="external text" title="http://biggovernment.com/author/amoncrief/" rel="nofollow">Anita MonCrief</a>, BigGovernment.com profile, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-10"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-10" title="">↑</a> Anita Moncrief <a href="http://emergingcorruption.com/about/editorial-staff/" class="external text" title="http://emergingcorruption.com/about/editorial-staff/" rel="nofollow">Editorial Board</a>, Emerging Corruption website, accessed May 10, 2011</li><li id="cite_note-11"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-11" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://foundationcenter.org/grantmaker/kirby/grants_08_pub.html" class="external text" title="http://foundationcenter.org/grantmaker/kirby/grants_08_pub.html" rel="nofollow">F.M. Kirby Foundation</a>, Foundation Center, accessed November 2010.</li><li id="cite_note-12"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-12" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://old.mediatransparency.org/recipientgrants.php?recipientID=57" class="external text" title="http://old.mediatransparency.org/recipientgrants.php?recipientID=57" rel="nofollow">Center for Individual Rights</a>, Media Transparency, accessed November 2010.</li><li id="cite_note-13"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-13" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/links.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/links.html" rel="nofollow">Links page</a>, Center for Individual Rights, accessed May 10, 2011.</li><li id="cite_note-14"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-14" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/bios.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/bios.html" rel="nofollow">Staff</a>, Center for Individual Rights, accessed November 2010.</li><li id="cite_note-15"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights#cite_ref-15" title="">↑</a> <a href="http://www.cir-usa.org/board.html" class="external text" title="http://www.cir-usa.org/board.html" rel="nofollow">Board of Directors</a>, Center for Individual Rights, accessed November 2010.</li></ol><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Center_for_Individual_Rights</a>

<div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Categories</a>: <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Civil_rights" title="Category:Civil rights">Civil rights</a> | <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:Law_firms" title="Category:Law firms">Law firms</a> | <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">United States</a></div></div>
-------<div><p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">CIR Board of Directors<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Jeremy A. Rabkin (Chairman) is a professor of International Law at the George Mason Law School.  Professor Rabkin is an expert in government regulation, bureaucracy, public law and policy, and the judiciary.  Professor Rabkin received his Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University in 1983.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Robert P. George is McCormick Professor of Jurisprudence and Director of the James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions at Princeton University.  In 2005, Dr. George won a Bradley Prize for Intellectual and Civic Achievement and the Philip Merrill Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Liberal Arts of the American Council of Trustees and Alumni.  He is a graduate of Swarthmore College and Harvard Law School and earned a doctorate in philosophy of law from Oxford University.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">James B. Mann, Esq. is Principal of Sunlight General Capital LLC. Previously, Mr. Mann served as director of Derivative Products Group of Société Générale, deputy assistant attorney general of the Tax Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, and general counsel of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights.  He received an M.B.A. from Columbia University Graduate School of Business and a J.D. from Harvard Law School.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Arthur Stephen Penn, Esq. is the retired president of Elmrock Capital, Inc. Prior to founding Elmrock, Mr. Penn practiced law in New York City. He earned his J.D. degree from New York University School of Law in 1961 and his B.A. from Cornell in 1956.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb"><strong style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">James Piereson is President of the William E. Simon Foundation.  He is the former executive director and trustee of the John M. Olin Foundation.  Before joining the foundation in 1981, Mr. Piereson was a member of the political science faculty at the University of Pennsylvania.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Terence J. Pell, Esq. is President of CIR.  Prior to working for CIR, Mr. Pell served as General Counsel and Chief of Staff at the Office of National Drug Control Policy.  From 1985 through 1988, Mr. Pell was a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights in the U.S. Department of Education.  He received his law degree from Cornell University, a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Notre Dame, and a B.A. from Haverford College.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Gerald Walpin, Esq. is a retired senior partner and Chair of the Litigation Department of  Katten Muchin Rosenman, formerly Rosenman & Colin, in New York, during more than 25 years of which, he was included in the compilation “Best Lawyers In America.”  Mr. Walpin served as the Inspector General of the Corporation for National and Community Service, following nomination by Pres. G.W. Bush and confirmation by the Senate, from January 2007 until June 2009. He is the author of<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Supreme-Court-vs-Constitution-substituted/dp/0988650916/ref=la_B00J6AM2X8_1_1/190-9361565-5546863?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1434380489&sr=1-1" rel="external" title="" class="ext-link ext-icon-8" target="_blank" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 15px 0px 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: url(" https="https" www.cir-usa.org="www.cir-usa.org" wp-content="wp-content" plugins="plugins" wp-external-links="wp-external-links" images="images" ext-icons="ext-icons" ext-icon-8.png="ext-icon-8.png" no-repeat="no-repeat">The Supreme Court vs. The Constitution</a> (Significance Press, 2013). He received his B.A. degree from City College of New York and his law degree cum laude from Yale Law School.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Mark Steven Venezia retired from Eaton Vance in 2012. He was founder and Director of Global Fixed Income, and portfolio manager of the Global Macro Absolute Return Fund. Mr. Venezia was previously Vice President of Network Utilities, the first options pricing provider to run off of a personal computer network. He left in 1984, to start Eaton Vance’s first mortgage-backed securities fund.  He earned his JD from Cardozo Law, MBA from the University of Chicago, MA in Philosophy (ABD) from Illinois, and BA in Economics from Stanford. Mr. Venezia is a Chartered Financial Analyst and was admitted to the Virginia Bar May 2016.</div><div>==
Christopher Hajec of the Center for Individual Rights

Christopher J. Hajec is one of CIR's Associate Counsels. Chris

        comes to CIR from the <b>Judge Advocate General Corps of the U.S. Navy, </b>where 
        he served both as a defense attorney and as appellate government counsel. 
        He has a Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Miami and received 
        his J.D. from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1990. He joined 
        CIR in September 2004 and was admitted to the D.C. Bar in May 2005. <br /><br /></font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Center for Individual Rights</font><br/>

1233 20th Street, N.W., Suite 300

Washington, DC 20036
CA case april 2011
ERIC A. GRESSLER, State Bar No. 186674
egressler@orrick.com
ORRICK, HERRINGTON & SUTCLIFFE LLP
777 South Figueroa Street, Suite 3200
Los Angeles, California 90017
Tel (213) 629-2020/Fax (213) 612-2499

MICHAEL J. MADIGAN, admitted Pro Hac Vice
mmadigan@orrick.com
ORRICK, HERRINGTON & SUTCLIFFE LLP
1152 15th Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20005
Tel (202) 339-8523/Fax (202) 339-8500

CHRISTOPHER J. HAJEC, admitted Pro Hac Vice
hajec@cir-usa.org
MICHAEL E. ROSMAN, admitted Pro Hac Vice
rosman@cir-usa.org
CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS
1233 20th Street, N.W., Suite 300
Washington, DC 20036
Tel (202) 833-8400/Fax (202) 833-8410

Attorneys for Defendant
JAMES O’KEEFE III
bs<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Terence J. Pell is CIR’s President. Mr. Pell received his Ph.D. from Notre Dame in 1996, his J.D. from Cornell Law School in 1981, and his B.A. from Haverford College in 1976.<p style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">Prior to working for CIR, Mr. Pell worked as an attorney with the firm of Arent, Fox, Kintner, Plotkin & Kahn. From 1985-1988, Mr. Pell was a Deputy Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights in the U.S. Department of Education. He later served as General Counsel and Chief of Staff at the Office of National Drug Control Policy. He joined CIR in 1997Michael Rosman, General CounselMichael E. Rosman is CIR’s General Counsel. He graduated summa cum laude from the University of Rochester in 1981, majoring in economics and political science. He received his J.D. in 1984 from Yale Law School. Mr. Rosman worked as an associate at Rosenman & Colin in New York City from 1984-93.Mr. Rosman joined CIR in March 1994. Mr. Rosman is the author of several articles, including: “Ambiguity and the First Amendment: Some Thoughts On All-White Advertising,” 61 Tenn. L. Rev. 289 (1993); and “Standing Alone: Standing Under The Fair Housing Act,” 60 Mo. L. Rev. 547 (1995), “Thoughts on Bakke and Its Effect on Race- Conscious Decision-Making,” 2002 U. Chi. Legal F. 45 Book Review of Kent Greenawalt’s Fighting Words, 13 Constitutional Commentary 317 (1996)Mr. Rosman has litigated throughout the federal court system, and has argued many times in the federal courts of appeals. He also successfully argued on behalf of CIR client Tony Morrison in the United States Supreme Court in the landmark case of United States v. Morrison, 529 U.S. 598 (2000).=<a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/legal_docs/hinkle_v_baker_complaint.pdf">https://www.cir-usa.org/legal_docs/hinkle_v_baker_complaint.pdf</a>later?<a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/cases/hinkle-v-baker/">https://www.cir-usa.org/cases/hinkle-v-baker/</a>cal poly
memo
https://www.cir-usa.org/legal_docs/hinkle_v_baker_tro_memo.pdf
...Prior Penalties for “Offensive” Speech:Cal Poly's policy of targeting fliers based on their content is not an anomalyconfined to Steve Hinkle's case, but rather a recurring practice. Plaintiff Cal PolyCollege Republicans, the student club on whose behalf Hinkle was handing out fliers,has previously been condemned and investigated by Cal Poly's administration basedspecifically and expressly on the content of fliers disseminated by its members. Forexample, in February 2002, the club invited Reginald Jones, a conservative AfricanAmerican,to give a speech at Cal Poly. Complaint, ¶ 47. On March 14, 2002, thestudent newspaper Mustang Daily carried a letter to the editor from defendant Zinggand a former administrator at the college, "condemn[ing] the content of the unfortunatefliers" announcing this event, which college officials claimed "deeply offended anddistressed many members of our community," although they also stated that the fliers"may not have been authorized by the sponsoring club." 
Complaint, ¶46. On April 12,2002, Cal Poly's Director of Student Life and Leadership, Kenneth Barclay, informedthe club's advisor, Laura Freberg, that an investigation of the club was proceedingbased on allegations that the "Coll. Rep. Club distributed posters/fliers that . . . werehurtful and offensive." Complaint, ¶ 47. To hear the charges against the club, CalPoly convened a hearing panel that included Defendant Tregenza, who then ruledagainst the club, directing it to write a letter of apology to be printed in the MustangDaily. Id. Hinkle is still an officer of the Cal Poly College Republicans and wants tocontinue to post fliers for the club in the University Union because this building is acentral gathering point on campus. He fears that if he posts an announcement for an
event or speaker deemed “offensive” to some members of the University community,he will be subject to disciplinary proceedings again, and possibly even expulsion.Complaint, ¶ 48; Hinkle Declaration at ¶ 10.
I. PLAINTIFF HAS STANDING TO BRING THIS ACTION
https://www.cir-usa.org/legal_docs/hinkle_v_baker_complaint.pdf
Carol A. Sobel, #84483LAW OFFICE OF CAROL A. SOBEL429 Santa Monica Blvd., Ste. 550Santa Monica, CA 90401-3439T. (310) 393-3055 F. (310) 393-3605
Hans F. Bader, #176989CENTER FOR INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS1233 Twentieth St., N.W., Suite 300Washington, D.C. 
vs
WARREN BAKER, in his personal )and official capacity as president of )California Polytechnic State Univer- )sity; PAUL J. ZINGG, in his personal )and official capacity as Provost; )CORNEL N. MORTON, in his )personal and official capacity as )Vice Provost; W. DAVID CONN, )in his personal and official capacity )as Vice Provost for Academic Affairs;)ARDITH TREGENZA, in her )personal and official capacity as )Judical Affairs Director
<a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/2003/09/lawsuit-challenges-use-of-student-conduct-code-to-punish-speech/" style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large">https://www.cir-usa.org/2003/09/lawsuit-challenges-use-of-student-conduct-code-to-punish-speech/</a><div class="release-meta" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; text-transform: uppercase;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb">NEWS RELEASE 
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 
CONTACT: TERRY PELL 202-833-8400, EXT. 113 
E-MAIL: <<a href="mailto:pell@cir-usa.org" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">PELL@CIR-USA.ORG</a>>
SEPTEMBER 25, 2003</div><h2 class="posttitle" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: normal; font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" georgia="Georgia" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb"><a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/2003/09/lawsuit-challenges-use-of-student-conduct-code-to-punish-speech/" title="Permalink to Lawsuit challenges use of student conduct code to punish speech" rel="bookmark" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; text-transform: uppercase; background: transparent;">LAWSUIT CHALLENGES USE OF STUDENT CONDUCT CODE TO PUNISH SPEECH</a></h2><div class="entry-utility" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; width: 610px; font-style: italic;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" line-height="line-height" px="px" background="background" rgb="rgb">September 25, 2003 − by<a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/author/cir/" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;"> CIR</a> − in <a href="https://www.cir-usa.org/category/press-releases/" rel="category tag" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration: none; background: transparent;">Press Releases</a> − Comments Offon Lawsuit challenges use of student conduct code to punish speech</div><div class="entry-content" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; float: none; width: 610px;" times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" serif="serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" line-height="line-height" background="background" rgb="rgb"><div class="pf-content" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Washington, D.C. — A California Polytechnic student disciplined for posting a flier promoting a campus speech will ask a federal court on Thursday (June 25) to protect his and his fellow students’ constitutional right to free speech. The student, Steven Hinkle, was found guilty of “disruption” by the University after students called campus police to complain that the flier was “offensive.” The flier contained only the time and place of the lecture, a photo of the speaker — black conservative Mason Weaver — and the title of Weaver’s book. In the book, “It’s OK to Leave the Plantation,” Weaver argues that dependence on government puts many African-Americans in a situation similar to slavery.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The lawsuit will be filed in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, naming the school’s officials, including Cal Poly President Warren Baker, as defendants. In addition to filing a complaint, Hinkle will request a temporary restraining order for immediate protection of his First Amendment rights. Hinkle is represented by the Center for Individual Rights (CIR) in Washington, D.C. and by Carol Sobel, a private practitioner and former ACLU attorney in Santa Monica, CA. The matter initially was investigated by the Foundation for Equal Rights in Education (FIRE), a Philadelphia-based civil liberties organization devoted to freedom of speech on college campuses.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The case, Hinkle v. Baker, arose when, on November 12, 2002, Steven Hinkle, a Caucasian student, attempted to post a flier on a public bulletin board in a student lounge [MCC!]  at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo. A group of African-American students who later said they were holding a bible study meeting told Hinkle the poster was offensive and disrespectful and that he could not post it. Hinkle responded by asking, “How do you know it’s offensive? Can’t we talk about it?”<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">After one of the students said the police would be called if he didn’t leave, Hinkle departed without posting the flier. In January 2003, Cal Poly charged Hinkle with “disruption” of a “campus event” — the bible study — under California Code of Regulations, Title 5, Section 41301(d). Hinkle was subjected to a seven-hour judicial hearing and found guilty. Hinkle was then ordered to write letters of apology [or talk to omsbudman?]to the offended students (the wording of which was subject to prior approval by campus officials), and was told he risked penalties up to expulsion if he refused.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">CIR President Terence Pell noted that the complaining students — as well as the Cal Poly administrator who prosecuted Hinkle — never claimed that he physically interrupted the purported bible study meeting. Instead, they pointed to the allegedly offensive nature of the flier and the distraction caused by the students’ emotional reaction to it. For example, the black student who called the police objected to the flier being “hate speech against us.” Pell said, “it is clear that the charge of disruption is simply a pretext for punishing Hinkle for his point of view. Hinkle was well within his rights to refuse to apologize.”<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">“Posting a flier on a public bulletin board announcing a talk on a topic of public importance is at the heart of the First Amendment,” said Pell. “The school cannot punish Hinkle simply because students find the topic controversial.”<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Pell continued, “Diversity can’t mean one rule of conduct for one race and another rule for other races. True diversity means the same rule for all students, regardless of race. Higher education officials say racial preferences are necessary to promote diversity. Now they’re trying to punish students for engaging in exactly the sort of back-and-forth that racial diversity is supposed to promote.”<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">The case first surfaced last spring, when Steve Hinkle contacted FIRE, which began a campaign to publicly expose the violation of Hinkle’s constitutional right to free speech. When Cal Poly officials refused to comply with the First Amendment, FIRE referred the case to CIR and local counsel for litigation. FIRE Chief Executive Officer Thor Halvorssen noted that university officials routinely resort to speech and conduct codes to silence dissenting views. “Allowing some individuals to veto the protected expression of others is an unconscionable betrayal of Cal Poly’s moral and legal obligations,” said Halvorssen.<p style="border: 0px; border-image-source: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-width: initial; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-color: transparent; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">In the lawsuit to be filed on Thursday, Hinkle will ask the court to declare that Cal Poly’s ban on “disruption” is unconstitutionally vague and overbroad. In addition, he will seek an injunction prohibiting the University both from disciplining him for the flier incident and from banning or punishing similar speech or expression in the future. The requested injunction would order the University to expunge the allegations and conviction from Hinkle’s school records. Hinkle also seeks compensatory and punitive damages.</div>###More about thi</div>
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