graham j bak

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">main lost?</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">this is 7/15 word doc from ideol entre</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">(is there newer ggl? not that i can see some kinda poster boy?</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">still around 619?!</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">see jgraham bak</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">It

is hard to roll back environmental legislation, since people tend to

like clean air and water, safe food, and at least the idea of going to

Yosemite. Thusthe right has to settle for “reform” (generally

loopholes for donors), and failing that, cut funding for enforcement

(or put people in charge who won't do it, some success in Reagan but

huge in Bush43, where they muzzled the scientists who protested as

well). Enter John Graham, who pioneered a completely new strategy, a

second front: blocking regulations from being enforced</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[[

INSERT john graham (? tozzi?)</font>

</font>

</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As

RFK2 as well as another book document in groteque detail, the Bush43

administration was far and away the most anti-environmental in

history/imaginable. However, it would not have been possible without

the groundwork, ideological and beaurocratic/institutional set up by

the Reagan administration. We all recall the bumperstickers "I

Know Watt's Wrong" which forced the resignation of the head of

the Dept of Interior who declared Jesus would return when the last

tree was cut down [as an aside, a major argument here is that

moderation is key, so information and correction are key; having said

that, Bill Moyers apologized for drawing attention to that remark was

a mistake because it correctly portrayed his attitude, merely got

minor details wrong about where/when it was said].</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However,

the real damage was not done by Watt (or even his Bush43 equivalent

Gale Norton [husband also gig/rancher giveaway of We the People's

natural resources for a pittance] but rather by John Graham</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">laid the groundwork

for many ideol entre hack/hackademics to follow; infiltration of Ivy

League [cia?], OMB risk analysis paralyzed enviro (esp?) regulations.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong class="western"><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal"><b>M.A.

in Public Affairs (1980), Duke University. </b></span></font></font></strong>

</font>

<strong class="western"><font color="#000000"><font style="" size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-style: normal"><b>Thesis:

"The Value of a Life: What Difference Does It Make?"</b></span></font></font></strong>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><strong class="western"><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>PhD

Dissertation</b></span></font></font></strong><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal"> Carnegie

Mellon University 297 (</span></span></font></font><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal"><b>1983)</b></span></font></font></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">A

quantitative analysis of the frequency and severity of occupant

injuries from motor vehicle crashes indicates that the problem

deserves attention by public policy makers. The </span><b>efficacy and

cost-effectiveness of various occupant-protection policies are

estimated</b><span style="font-weight: normal">. Results from time-series and cross-sectional models of

highway safety suggest that crash-survivability standards adopted in

the late 1960's by the Federal government have saved the lives of

thousands of automobile occupants. The full potential of the

standards has not been realized because few motorists wear available

safety-belt equipment.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> A behavioral analysis of belt-use decision

making casts some doubt on the hypothesis that nonuse of belts is a

product of rational, utility-maximizing behavior. Passive restraints

such as air bags and automatic belts have been proposed as

technological alternatives to manual belts. A stochastic benefit-cost

model of passive-restraint regulation is estimated with subjective

data elicited from crash-protection experts.</span></span></span></font></font><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal"><b>

Results from the model indicate that passive restraints are likely to

be cost-beneficial unless a relatively low monetary value is assigned

to lifesaving.</b></span></font></font><font color="#000000"><font style=""><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">

The concluding chapter discusses several specific policy

recommendations for Federal and state decision makers, with explicit

attention to questions of administrative law, public acceptance, and

political feasibility.</span></span></font></font></span></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Post-Doctoral

Fellow (1984), Environmental Science and Public Policy, Harvard

School of Public

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Health.

Advisors: Professors Donald Hornig, Marc Roberts, and Howard Raiffa</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">wikibits:</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">born

1956</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Dr.

Graham earned his<b> B.A. (politics and economics) at Wake Forest

University (1978</b>) where he won national awards as an intercollegiate

debater. He earned his M.A. degree in public policy at Duke

University (1980) before serving as<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> staff associate to Chairman

Howard Raiffa’s Committee on Risk and Decision Making of the

National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences</span>. His Carnegie

Mellon University Heinz College Ph.D. dissertation on automobile

safety was cited by the U.S. Supreme Court in a pro-airbag decision

in 1983 [meaning?]and again in 1985 by Secretary of Transportation

Elizabeth Dole. Subsequently, his first academic position was at the

Heinz College.</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[some

fed reg gigs?]</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">From

1990 to 2001 Dr. Graham founded and led the Harvard Center for Risk

Analysis (HCRA). By raising over <b>$10

million</b>

in project grants and philanthropic [sic corp $] contributions, Dr. Graham helped

support eight new faculty positions and dozens of post-doctoral and

doctoral students. By 2001 HCRA had become internationally recognized

for analytic contributions to environmental protection, injury

prevention, and medical technology innovation.</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In

1995 Dr. Graham was elected <b>President of the Society for Risk

Analysis, </b>an international membership organization of 2,400

scientists and engineers. Dr. Graham reached out to risk analysts in

Europe, China, Japan and Australia as he helped organize the first

World Congress on Risk Analysis (Brussels, 2000).</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">.

Prior to his role at OMB, Dr. Graham was a <b>tenured Professor </b>of

Policy and Decision Sciences at the Harvard University School of

Public Health.</font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">still xists 819 <a href="https://chds.hsph.harvard.edu/about-us/people/core-faculty/">https://chds.hsph.harvard.edu/about-us/people/core-faculty/</a></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The

White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) from 2001 to 2006.

As the Senate-confirmed Administrator [fight?] of the Office of

Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA)</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Previous

to his appointment as dean, he served as <b>dean at the Frederick Pardee

RAND Graduate School at the RAND Corporation in California</b> [basically

built a new Harvard org? $3.4.million? Then parlayed into</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">currently/

is dean of the Indiana University School of Public and Environmental

Affairs.? joined 2008</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The

Manhattan Institute's Senior Fellow and Director of the its Center

for Medical Progress, Paul Howard, spoke at the 2011 American

Legislative Exchange Council Annual Conference in a Workshop titled

"Rationing By Any Other Name: Medicare's Independent Payment

Advisory Board." He co-lead the panel with the<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <b>Pacific

Research Institute</b>'s

Director of Health Care Studies, John Graham.[4]</span></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>OIRA</b>:

"Graham is the de facto boss of all regulatory programs for the

entire government -- any change in enviro rules must pass through his

strangling hands. An avowed enemy of pollution regulations, he

previously headed a quasi-academic front group that consistently

issued reports claiming that environmental protections are too costly

for industry -- not a surprising stance since he and his

'risk-assessment' center were financed by more than 100 corporate

entities, including the American Petroleum Institute, Dow, Dupont,

Exxon, Monsanto, and 3M."[8]</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">sourcewatch: </font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Opposition

to Graham's nomination</b></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John

Graham's appointment to the OIRA was hotly contested by scientists,

doctors, public health professionals and environmental, consumer and

labor organizations, as well as many of his own academic peers, who

questioned his science and his ethical practices. His application of

cost-benefit analyses to industrial pollution is controversial and

tends to favor polluters by systematically overstating the costs of

regulation to industry and underestimating the cost to those

affected. As founding director of the Harvard Center for Risk

Analysis, his acceptance of funding from America's largest corporate

polluters, including Dow Chemical, DuPont, Monsanto, Alcoa, Exxon,

General Electric and General Motors, was considered a conflict of

interest. No environmental or consumer group is represented on the

center's advisory board.</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Graham

has argued that smog protects people from too much sunlight, dioxin

might reduce cancer </b>in some cases, safe housing codes can kill people

and pesticides on foods are a trivial problem that does not

constitute a health hazard. In addition, "he claims that our

choice of environmental regulations contributes to the death of

60,000 people under a theory he calls<b> 'statistical murder</b>'." [2]</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>A

letter signed by 53 academics from across the country opposed

Graham's nomination and questioned his credibility and scientific

integrity.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> </span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They stated: "Professor Graham's <b>controversial risk

management methodology discounts the real risks of well-documented

pollutants such as dioxin and benzene</b>, and makes use of extreme and

highly-disputed economic assumptions. Professor Graham has shown his

willingness to over-ride health, safety, environmental, civil rights,

and other social goals in applying crude cost-benefit tools far past

the point at which they can be justified by existing scientific and

economic data... </span></font></p><p style="margin-bottom: 0in"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Moreover, Professor Graham has publicly rendered

many opinions on complex and imperfectly understood scientific

phenomena, such as the etiology of cancer and other diseases, despite

his lack of a degree in the hard sciences. " It concluded:

"Graham's work has, overall, demonstrated a remarkable

congruency with the interests of regulated industries. In contrast,

the position at OIRA requires a much more even-handed approach."

[3]</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Graham's

role as regulatory gatekeeper</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">As

administrator of the OIRA, John Graham has much more discretion than

it would appear at first glance. He serves as the nation's regulatory

gatekeeper, passing judgment on all major national health, safety,

and environmental standards. Acting as "a sort of '<b>regulatory

czar' </b>who can block any new regulation, whether arsenic standards for

drinking water, worker-protection rules or the public's right to know

about toxic chemicals," Graham's position is a crucial one for

overseeing essential consumer protections.[4] He has further extended

his influence by appropriating the authority to carry out laws

entrusted by Congress to heads of agencies such as the EPA.</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Given

his history of favoring industry and weakened government regulations,

Graham's record since he took the post of administrator is not

surprising. In ways that are always beneficial to industry, he has

strong-armed agencies to weaken programs and promoted changes in

scientific and economic assumptions that pervert the regulatory

process. <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The list of Graham's pro-industry regulatory changes is

extensive. A sampling includes: the purging of a backlog of

violations against the Clean Air Act, adoption of a

developer-financed study that claims wetlands emit more pollutants

than they absorb, and elimination of OSHA ergonomics regulations that

protected Americans from repetitive stress injuries.</span></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According

to <b>Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. chief prosecuting attorney for the Hudson

Riverkeeper</b> and the senior attorney for Natural Resources Defense

Council, under Graham's supervision "[the] Environmental

Protection Agency has halted work on 62 environmental standards, the

federal Department of Agriculture has stopped work on 57 standards,

and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has halted 21

new standards. The EPA completed just two major rules--both under

court order and both watered down at industry request--compared to 23

completed by the Clinton administration and 14 by the Bush Sr.

administration in their first two years." [5]</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">As

predicted by many of his colleagues at Harvard, Graham's "persistent

pattern of conflict of interest, of obscuring and minimizing dangers

to human health with questionable cost-benefit analyses, and of

hostility to governmental regulation in general," has proven

highly detrimental to the health and safety of the very citizens his

office was designated to protect. [6]" end sw]</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Strategic

Ignorance:</b>vs Robert F. <b>Kennedy, Jr., "Crimes Against Nature,"

</b></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Origin

of the meme nanny state? We do not need to test chemicals before used

(p 23). Key enermy of Precautionary Principle, which he likens to

hypochondria?</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">16,000

dirty plants of all types grandfathered p24 let Gov. Jeb Bush dump

wastewater into drink aquifer;

</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">hazardous

waste (sludge?) ok for farms and playgrounds 24 strat ignor</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Graham:

17K$ to save life via mamogram, but $19m benzene, so <b>regulatory

murder </b>of 60K ppl </span>(another meme, DDT?)</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">extorted

Philip Morris for 25K$; ~ dioxin reg; <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">cell phone drive deaths ok b/c

up productivity 52</span></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">CT

Whitman mixed environmental record as NJ governor, but supported

court order that allowed EPA set air st'ds w/o consult j graham 58</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John

Graham:</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Regulation

in general is a kind of moderation; the market treats the planet's

life support system as an “externality” to be ignored; moreover,

moderation exists in checks and balances, but OMB allows exec to

invisibly veto environmental regs based on bogus risk analysis (which

makes profit again the main criterion. Does so under guise of

rational/mathematical, “sound science” (god-term) vs

“statistical murder” (demon-term).</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The

New Right “insurgency” (Goldwater/RR) always claimed they were

kept out of the liberal universities, and thus were forced to do

their scholarship in CTT. Lord knows plenty of rightwingers got gigs

as economists, especially at the University of Chicago (where they

screwed up and let Greg Palast in).</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">However,

the Kochs were not content with ersatz CTT and began infiltration of

academia itself, principally at GMU.

</font>

</font></p>

<li><p style="margin-right: 0.02in; margin-bottom: 0in"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Academic

Units:</b>

In addition to bogus conferences and CTT’s with academic

trappings but which are actually an end-run around academic rigor,

conservative funders such as Koch and Scaife have heavily endowed

legitimate universities, such as the University of Chicago, <b>George

Mason University</b>

and Pepperdine (Scaife, the latter notably a sinecure for Starr).

Koch funds and is on the board of GMU’s <b>Mercatus

Center.</b>

    [note two different law schools, one anti-green FOIA?] Re-running

a play from the Reagan administration, “In 2001, the Office of

Management and Budget asked for public input on which regulations

should be revised or killed. Mercatus submitted 44 of the 71

proposals the OMB received .</font></p>

</li><li><p style="margin-right: 0.02in; margin-bottom: 0in">

</p></li><li><p style="margin-right: 0.02in; margin-bottom: 0in"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">INSERT</font></p>

</li><li><p style="margin-right: 0.02in; margin-bottom: 0in"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">end

insert]]</font></p>

</li><li><p style="margin-right: 0.02in; margin-bottom: 0in">

</p></li></ol>

</ol>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><b>Ronald

Reagan </b></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">

"bible" from heritage:</span></span></font></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">Mandate

for Leadership became blueprint</span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">

(presumably fre market fundamentalism; virulently ant-environmental)</span></span></font></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000"> </font><span lang="zxx"><u><span style="text-decoration: none"><span style="font-style: normal"><b>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership</b></span></span></u></span>

Coors in Kitchen Cabinet funded Heritage. Zelig Meese also

<font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">"distinguished

fellow and holder of the Ronald Reagan Chair in Public Policy"</span></span></font>

[note academic trapping]</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Reagan paid

$125,000 to give a stock speech for GE on the wonders of the free

market system, which he honed to perfection; </b>

</font>

</font>

<font color="#000000" size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">(RR

had been president of Screen Actors Guild, [helped Pink Lady best

Tricky Dick, once an admirerer of FDR] but named names at HUAC

(secretly FBI informant?]</span></span></font>

<font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>got

gig to nominate Goldwater 1964</b></font></font>

</font>

<font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Applauded

by right for attacking anti-war protesters at UCB :Bloody Thursday”

so be it. Three punctured lungs (fixed bayonets in picture) 13 hit

by buckshot, one young man killed, shot on rooftop. His tough stance

helped him beat more popular Democrat Jesse Unruh.</font></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jimmy Carter

elected as part of Post-Watergate reforms, but putting solar panels

on White House, asking people to wear a sweater (perhaps he could

have picked a more stylish example), tho Mr Rogerish?) was somehow

Un-American. Plus rescue helicopters crashed in a sand storm, so US

ready for slick [Holywood?] ad Morning in America, and Operation

Manhood in Grenada(Rambo 1982) . Some evidence that his campaign

made a deal to keep the hostages in Teheran, and in fact they were

released timed to coincide with inauguration (five minutes)</font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000"><i><span style="font-weight: normal">Right

Nation</span></i></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">: </span></span></font></font>

<font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">R

Reagan believed in space aliens and appted Commerce sec Malcolm

Baldridge b/c he roped cattle for fun, opposed Civil Rights acts. 50

members of anti-detente Committee on the Present Danger appted

 admin. increased spending but no cuts, so upped debt by $1.5

trillion[also seen 3 trill, despite largest tax hike in history (BC

only on top 1.2 %?].</font></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000">RR

dereg thrifts cost $1 billion  Big Lies p 76 </font>

</font>

<font color="#000000" size="4" face="Times New Roman"> <span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">He

fired 10K air traffic controllers even though it one of few unions

to support him (RR had been president of Screen Actors Guild, [helped

Pink Lady best Tricky Dick, once an admirerer of FDR] but named names

at HUAC (secretly FBI informant?]. Regean promoted Rehnquist and

appted Scalia.under b2 coc guy ~v refs head of osha (their legal arm

got roberts and alito confirmed) 266</span></span></font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">RR

met w/ PR guys from Philip-Morris, AT&T, </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><b>Hill

&Knowlton</b></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">,

GM, Alcoa US </span></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><b>Chamber

of Commerce, who  </b></span></font><font color="#000000"><span style="font-style: normal"><span style="font-weight: normal">gave

him list of JVC civil servants to sack (p 261) . Tghe difference is

the RR listened to them and did what they wanted, but Bush 43 gave

them jobs and let them do what they wanted; however, </span></span></font>

</font>

<font color="#000000"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Michael

Baroody fil NAM lobbyist nom b2 head consumer product safety comm but

howled down) 267.</font></font>

</font>

<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Wise Use

Sagebrush Rebels</b></font></p><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">NB 819</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">this is everything from moderation brain (presumably pulled from mod doc?) no lnx</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman"><font face="Times New Roman">grahamMODcapt</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></div><div>
</div><div> </div><div>Graham J/  (Tozzi )</div><div>John Graham did an end-run around academia by setting up a program at Harvard (perhaps building on the precedent of Stare, which gave us Whelan ACSH).  he began as a lowly adjunct, but because he was able to attract so much corporate money, he was retained and promoted.  he made his bones on pseudo-science of risk analysis (his thesis on air bags, which gave him entre into Congressional testimony, was later debunked). He parlayed this into OIRA, baton picked up by Tozzi.  Graham then went for ultimate perk of the "pension plan" to run a university, but his methods still used to undermine human health and environmental protection (for example, Obama EPA Clean Power Plan somewhat bested summer 2015 not because it had not taken costs into account, but that it had not done it early, even though it was obvious that it would happen later). Another common ploy, which in fact killed Kyoto even though we designed and signed it, was a bill that if it affected GNP/employment by a couple percentage points, it was voided?).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>---</div><div>
</div><div>It is hard to roll back environmental legislation, since people tend to like clean air and water, safe food, and at least the idea of going to Yosemite. Thus The right has to settle for “reform” (generally loopholes for donors), and failing that, cut funding for enforcement (or put people in charge who won't do it, some success in Reagan but huge in Bush43, where they muzzled the scientists who protested as well). Enter John Graham, who pioneered a completely new strategy, a second front: blocking regulations from being enforced</div><div>
</div><div>As RFK2 as well as another book (strat ignor) document in grotesque detail, the Bush43 administration was far and away the most anti-environmental in history/imaginable. However, it would not have been possible without the groundwork, ideological and bureaucratic/institutional set up by the Reagan administration. We all recall the bumper stickers "I Know Watt's Wrong" which forced the resignation of the head of the Dept of Interior who declared Jesus would return when the last tree was cut down [as an aside, a major argument here is that moderation is key, so information and correction are key; having said that, Bill Moyers apologized for drawing attention to that remark was a mistake because it correctly portrayed his attitude, merely got minor details wrong about where/when it was said].</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>However, the real damage was not done by Watt (or even his Bush43 equivalent Gale Norton [husband also gig/rancher giveaway of We the People's natural resources for a pittance] but rather by John Graham, who laid the groundwork for many ideological entrepreneur hack/hackademics to follow; infiltration of Ivy League [cia?], OMB risk analysis paralyzed enviro (esp?) regulations.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div> </div><div>
</div><div>M.A. in Public Affairs (1980), Duke University.</div><div>
</div><div>Thesis: "The Value of a Life: What Difference Does It Make?"</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>PhD Dissertation Carnegie Mellon University 297 (1983)</div><div>
</div><div>A quantitative analysis of the frequency and severity of occupant injuries from motor vehicle crashes indicates that the problem deserves attention by public policy makers. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of various occupant-protection policies are estimated. Results from time-series and cross-sectional models of highway safety suggest that crash-survivability standards adopted in the late 1960's by the Federal government have saved the lives of thousands of automobile occupants. The full potential of the standards has not been realized because few motorists wear available safety-belt equipment. A behavioral analysis of belt-use decision making casts some doubt on the hypothesis that nonuse of belts is a product of rational, utility-maximizing behavior. Passive restraints such as airbags and automatic belts have been proposed as technological alternatives to manual belts. A stochastic benefit-cost model of passive-restraint regulation is estimated with subjective data elicited from crash-protection experts. Results from the model indicate that passive restraints are likely to be cost-beneficial unless a relatively low monetary value is assigned to lifesaving. The concluding chapter discusses several specific policy recommendations for Federal and state decision makers, with explicit attention to questions of administrative law, public acceptance, and political feasibility.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div> </div><div>
</div><div>Post-Doctoral Fellow (1984), Environmental Science and Public Policy, Harvard School of Public</div><div>
</div><div>Health. Advisors: Professors Donald Hornig, Marc Roberts, and Howard Raiffa</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>wikibits:</div><div>
</div><div>born 1956</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Dr. Graham earned his B.A. (politics and economics) at Wake Forest University (1978) where he won national awards as an intercollegiate debater. He earned his M.A. degree in public policy at Duke University (1980) before serving as staff associate to Chairman Howard Raiffa’s Committee on Risk and Decision Making of the National Research Council/National Academy of Sciences. His Carnegie Mellon University Heinz College Ph.D. dissertation on automobile safety was cited by the U.S. Supreme Court in a pro-airbag decision in 1983 [meaning?]and again in 1985 by Secretary of Transportation Elizabeth Dole. Subsequently, his first academic position was at the Heinz College.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>[some fed reg gigs?]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>From 1990 to 2001 Dr. Graham founded and led the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA). By raising over $10 million in project grants and philanthropic contributions, Dr. Graham helped support eight new faculty positions and dozens of post-doctoral and doctoral students. By 2001 HCRA had become internationally recognized for analytic contributions to environmental protection, injury prevention, and medical technology innovation.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>In 1995 Dr. Graham was elected President of the Society for Risk Analysis, an international membership organization of 2,400 scientists and engineers. Dr. Graham reached out to risk analysts in Europe, China, Japan and Australia as he helped organize the first World Congress on Risk Analysis (Brussels, 2000).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>. Prior to his role at OMB, Dr. Graham was a tenured Professor of Policy and Decision Sciences at the Harvard University School of Public Health.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>The White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) from 2001 to 2006. As the Senate-confirmed Administrator [fight?] of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA)</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Previous to his appointment as dean, he served as dean at the Frederick Pardee RAND Graduate School at the RAND Corporation in California [basically built a new Harvard org? $3.4.million? Then parlayed into</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>currently/ is dean of the Indiana University School of Public and Environmental Affairs.? joined 2008</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>The Manhattan Institute's Senior Fellow and Director of the its Center for Medical Progress, Paul Howard, spoke at the 2011 American Legislative Exchange Council Annual Conference in a Workshop titled "Rationing By Any Other Name: Medicare's Independent Payment Advisory Board." He co-lead the panel with the Pacific Research Institute's Director of Health Care Studies, John Graham.[4]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>OIRA: "Graham is the de facto boss of all regulatory programs for the entire government -- any change in enviro rules must pass through his strangling hands. An avowed enemy of pollution regulations, he previously headed a quasi-academic front group that consistently issued reports claiming that environmental protections are too costly for industry -- not a surprising stance since he and his 'risk-assessment' center were financed by more than 100 corporate entities, including the American Petroleum Institute, Dow, Dupont, Exxon, Monsanto, and 3M."[8]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>sourcewatch:</div><div>
</div><div> ["Opposition to Graham's nomination</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>John Graham's appointment to the OIRA was hotly contested by scientists, doctors, public health professionals and environmental, consumer and labor organizations, as well as many of his own academic peers, who questioned his science and his ethical practices. His application of cost-benefit analyses to industrial pollution is controversial and tends to favor polluters by systematically overstating the costs of regulation to industry and underestimating the cost to those affected. As founding director of the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, his acceptance of funding from America's largest corporate polluters, including Dow Chemical, DuPont, Monsanto, Alcoa, Exxon, General Electric and General Motors, was considered a conflict of interest. No environmental or consumer group is represented on the center's advisory board.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Graham has argued that smog protects people from too much sunlight, dioxin might reduce cancer in some cases, safe housing codes can kill people and pesticides on foods are a trivial problem that does not constitute a health hazard. In addition, "he claims that our choice of environmental regulations contributes to the death of 60,000 people under a theory he calls 'statistical murder'." [2]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>A letter signed by 53 academics from across the country opposed Graham's nomination and questioned his credibility and scientific integrity. They stated: "Professor Graham's controversial risk management methodology discounts the real risks of well-documented pollutants such as dioxin and benzene, and makes use of extreme and highly-disputed economic assumptions. Professor Graham has shown his willingness to override health, safety, environmental, civil rights, and other social goals in applying crude cost-benefit tools far past the point at which they can be justified by existing scientific and economic data... Moreover, Professor Graham has publicly rendered many opinions on complex and imperfectly understood scientific phenomena, such as the etiology of cancer and other diseases, despite his lack of a degree in the hard sciences. " It concluded: "Graham's work has, overall, demonstrated a remarkable congruence with the interests of regulated industries. In contrast, the position at OIRA requires a much more even-handed approach." [3]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Graham's role as regulatory gatekeeper</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>As administrator of the OIRA, John Graham has much more discretion than it would appear at first glance. He serves as the nation's regulatory gatekeeper, passing judgment on all major national health, safety, and environmental standards. Acting as "a sort of 'regulatory czar' who can block any new regulation, whether arsenic standards for drinking water, worker-protection rules or the public's right to know about toxic chemicals," Graham's position is a crucial one for overseeing essential consumer protections.[4] He has further extended his influence by appropriating the authority to carry out laws entrusted by Congress to heads of agencies such as the EPA.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Given his history of favoring industry and weakened government regulations, Graham's record since he took the post of administrator is not surprising. In ways that are always beneficial to industry, he has strong-armed agencies to weaken programs and promoted changes in scientific and economic assumptions that pervert the regulatory process. The list of Graham's pro-industry regulatory changes is extensive. A sampling includes: the purging of a backlog of violations against the Clean Air Act, adoption of a developer-financed study that claims wetlands emit more pollutants than they absorb, and elimination of OSHA ergonomics regulations that protected Americans from repetitive stress injuries.</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>According to Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. chief prosecuting attorney for the Hudson Riverkeeper and the senior attorney for Natural Resources Defense Council, under Graham's supervision "[the] Environmental Protection Agency has halted work on 62 environmental standards, the federal Department of Agriculture has stopped work on 57 standards, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has halted 21 new standards. The EPA completed just two major rules--both under court order and both watered down at industry request--compared to 23 completed by the Clinton administration and 14 by the Bush Sr. administration in their first two years." [5]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>As predicted by many of his colleagues at Harvard, Graham's "persistent pattern of conflict of interest, of obscuring and minimizing dangers to human health with questionable cost-benefit analyses, and of hostility to governmental regulation in general," has proven highly detrimental to the health and safety of the very citizens his office was designated to protect. [6]" end sw]</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Strategic Ignorance:vs Robert F. Kennedy, Jr., "Crimes Against Nature,"</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Origin of the meme nanny state? We do not need to test chemicals before used (p 23). Key enemy of Precautionary Principle, which he likens to hypochondria?</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>16,000 dirty plants of all types grandfathered p24 let Gov. Jeb Bush dump wastewater into drink aquifer;</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>hazardous waste (sludge?) ok for farms and playgrounds 24 strat ignor</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Graham: 17K$ to save life via mammogram, but $19m benzene, so regulatory murder of 60K ppl (another meme, DDT?)</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>extorted Philip Morris for 25K$; ~ dioxin regulation; cell phone drive deaths ok b/c up productivity 52</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>CT Whitman mixed environmental record as NJ governor, but supported court order that allowed EPA set air st'ds w/o consult j graham 58</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>John Graham:</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>Regulation in general is a kind of moderation; the market treats the planet's life support system as an “externality” to be ignored; moreover, moderation exists in checks and balances, but OMB allows exec to invisibly veto environmental regs based on bogus risk analysis (which makes profit again the main criterion. Does so under guise of rational/mathematical, “sound science” (god-term) vs “statistical murder” (demon-term).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>The New Right “insurgency” (Goldwater/RR) always claimed they were kept out of the liberal universities, and thus were forced to do their scholarship in CTT. Lord knows plenty of rightwingers got gigs as economists, especially at the University of Chicago (where they screwed up and let Greg Palast in).</div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div>However, the Kochs were not content with ersatz CTT and began infiltration of academia itself, principally at GMU.</div><div>
</div><div>=</div><div>
</div><div>rfk2 CAN</div><div>
</div><div> </div><div>
</div><div>Crimes Against Nature</div><div>(and each and every human by extrapolation)</div><div>
</div><div>"The George W. Bush administration is plagued by more than a dysfunctional management style. It has the arrogance to create a one-party state that elevatespolitics over governance. It has fostered a government-hating radical ideology that has seen people with contempt for government acting contemptibly in government roles." - Charles Berezin</div><div>"The public good is in nothing more essentially interested, than in the protection of every individual's private rights." -Sir William Blackstone</div><div>
</div><div>"Each time the message was this: ‘Turn from the evil road you are traveling and from the evil things you are doing.'" - Jeremiah 25:5</div><div>Throughout Western history the first acts of tyrants has been attempts to control the commons which include the air we breath and the water we drink.</div><div>Ancient Rome had the Code of Justinian which guaranteed to all citizens the use of the public commons </div><div>which included air, water, wandering animals, fisheries, wetlands and aquifers. </div><div>
</div><div>During the thirteenth century it was a capital offense to burn coal in London. </div><div>
</div><div>It has never been legal in any society or culture to pollute or destroy </div><div>the common environment upon which all humanity depends for sustenance.</div><div>
</div><div>When <b>James Watt</b> took over the Department of the Interior he began selling off America's resources, public lands, water and mineral rights. During a Senate hearing James Watt, a ‘dominion theologist', declared that he was giving away America's heritage because ‘I do not know how many future generations we can count on before the Lord returns.'</div><div>Since the beginning of the environmental movement corporate industrialists have established 'foundations', better known as 'think tanks', to counter the reach ofenvironmental law. </div><div>
</div><div>The list of industry sponsored pollution and junk science promoters, entities described as "think tanks", include the Heritage Foundation, John M. Olin Foundation, Sarah Scaife Foundation, Castle Rock Foundation, Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation, the Competitive Enterprise Institute, the American Enterprise Institute, the Reason Foundation, the Federalist Society, the Marshall Institute, the Mercatus Center, Citizens for a Sound economy, the Environmental Conservation Organization, the Evergreen Foundation, Citizens for the Sensible Control of Acid Rain, Mountain States Legal Foundation, the Advancement of Sound Science Coalition and the Sagebrush Rebels. (Later reincarnations listed above.) </div><div>
</div><div>"American Enterprise Institute is heavily funded by corporate philanthropy." - Christopher Levenick, former AEI fellow</div><div>
</div><div>Ronald Reagan claimed to be a Sagebrush Rebel. </div><div>
</div><div>The purpose of industry sponsored think tanks is to run interference for their corporate industrialist funders and act as a counter weight to public interest groups shining a light on the antisocial activity of the destruction of the commons by corporate industrialists.</div><div>
</div><div>In August 1988 the Sagebrush Rebels became Wise Use and founder Ron Arnold stated, "It is our goal to destroy, to eradicate the environmental movement. We want you to be able to exploit the environment for private gain, absolutely!"</div><div>The Christian Broadcasting Network of Pat Robertson supported Wise Use making anti-environmentalism one of it's main themes. </div><div>
</div><div>Wise Use, basically a front group for the resource extraction industry, propelled Newt Gingrich to the Speaker's chair.</div><div>
</div><div>Wise Use spun off the Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise, Defenders of Property Rights, Public Lands Council, Property and Environment Research Center andNational Legal Center for the Public Interest. </div><div>
</div><div>Wise Use help install George W. Bush and Dick Cheney in the White House. George W. Bush installed Wise Use radical Gail Norton and Wise Use leader Thomas Sansonetti. Other Wise Use followers took control of every single federal agency that dealt with the environment. Existing environmental laws were no longer enforced. Waivers and exemptions to corporatist polluters and campaign contributors is the standard. </div><div>
</div><div>George W. Bush marketed Gail Norton as a lifelong conservationist even though Gail Norton advocated an end to the enforcement of environmental regulations whileworking for the Pacific Research Institute for Public Policy in 1989 (liar!). Gail Norton stated, in regard to the end of the enforcement of environmental regulation, "I view that as something positive." </div><div>
</div><div>In a 1996 speech Gail Norton listed federal incursions into the private domain as atrocities. These included American with Disabilities Act requirements for wheelchair ramps, Environmental Protection Agency requirements to remove asbestos from schools and the Fair Labor Standards Act. </div><div>
</div><div>Gail Norton has suggested that no National Park, National Monument or National Forest land should be exempt from mineral extraction, oil extraction, and timber extraction. If rare and endangered species are present it is decreed they do not exist. No endangered plant or animal = no protection problems! </div><div> </div><div>
</div><div>"Gail Norton's five-year tenure as Interior secretary has irreparably damaged our country. Under her leadership employees in the Bureau of Land Management and theForest Service have been demoralized into leaving their positions - replaced by people who don't mind giving away our public lands to the energy and timber industries. Our national parks are in their worst shape ever. When Gail Norton next visits her cherished Western mountains. She will find the scenery altered; it now includes drilling rigs, clear-cutting and new roads churned by off-road vehicles. Gail Norton's oil and gas friends will probably take good care of her; they owe her big time." - Crista Worthy</div><div>
</div><div>Wise Use ideologues have tried to con-vince us that American government and its laws are illegitimate and that the illegitimacy makes it permissible for them toviolate laws. Wise Use ideologues subvert the law, corrupt American democracy, distort science and deceive the very people they have been appointed to serve - Americans. </div><div>
</div><div>"The Environmental Protection Agency is no longer a public health agency. With the George W. Bush administration, whether or not environmental laws areenforced depends on who you know." - former chief enforcement officer of the Environmental Protection Agency Eric Shaeffer </div><div>
</div><div>"The George W. Bush administration routinely mismanages scientific information through distortion and omission whenever scientific truth is inconvenient to itsindustrial allies. It's hard to decide what is more demoralizing about the administration's politicization of the scientific process - its disdain for professionalscientists working for American government or its willingness to deceive the American public." - Roger G. Kennedy, former director of the National Park Service.</div><div>
</div><div>"The current George W. Bush administration has taken intolerance of science dissent to a new orbit. The repression against internationally renowned professionals and experts in their fields just for exercising the scientific method objectively is unprecedented." - Tom Devine, a Goldwater Republican who monitors the treatment of federal whistleblowers for the nonpartisan Government Accountability Project.</div><div>
</div><div>Science, like theology, reveals transcendent truths about a changing Earth. The best scientists are moral individuals who seek the truth. Corruption of the process of seeking the truth undermines not just democracy but civilization itself.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">John Graham, a Wise Use sycophant, founded the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis in 1989</span> and started the junk-science of cost-benefit analysis which claims to be able to compare the monetary cost of the implementation of new laws against that laws benefit to the social culture. In John Graham analysis' if a fish has noncommercial value and 10 million fish die because of toxic pollution the economic cost is zero, as they have no commercial value. </div><div>
</div><div>{"It's easier to kill a number than an individual, whether we're talking about so many tons of fish, </div><div>so many board feet of timber, or so many boxcars of untermenschen." - Derrick Jensen}</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">John Graham's cost-benefit analysis in conjunction with a corporatist interpretation of Milton Friedman's Chicago School of Economics ideology is spiritually corrupt because both neglect to take into account the effects produced on the lives of the citizens of the civilization they pretend to serve!</span></div><div>
</div><div>In John Graham's cost-benefit analysis it does not matter if the value of the life that is being analyzed is fish or human. People are going to die anyhow. Baby boomer retirees have given all they can give to the economic system and as such in any cost-benefit analysis it is economically better for society if these used up hulks just die as they are no longer producing for the system. (Perhaps if industry developed many different types of chemicals that ultimately cause premature death Social Security costs would fall. Oh wait they already do - in the food - trans fat, high fructose corn syrup and chemicals, like the artificial butter flavoring, diacetyl and melamine - and in the air, earth and water - fluoride, perfluorooctanoic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, bisphenol A, phthalates, pyrethroids,polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polytetrafluoroethylene, perchlorate, mercury, trichloroethylene, polychlorinated biphenyls, lead, asbestos and organophosphates.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"At the shallowest level cost-benefit analysis' is a cheap deception of the general public. At its worst this approach represents a serious erosion in the way a democracy deals with science. You create high-sounding credentials and talk in tones that appear scientifically sensible, while all the time you are just fronting for a political agenda. If you believe in a rational universe, in enlightenment, in knowledge, and in a search for the truth the George W. Bush White House is an absolute disaster." - Princeton University scientist Michael Oppenheimer </span></div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">"Environmentalists do not view economics as the enemy because cost-benefit analysis is thoroughly unromantic; economics view the environment as invisible because their cost-benefit analysis is fatally flawed. A full cost accounting of industrial practices reveals how much the natural services of ecosystems threatened or destroyed by development and industrial pollution are actually worth in addition to the real value of natural resources consumed and wasted. Environmentalists are simply not in thrall to the church of neo-liberal economics and the priests of predatory corporatism, who are spending our principal and deferring environmental debt like there's no tomorrow."- Andrew Christie</span></div><div>
</div><div>John Graham was appointed by George W. Bush to head the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs in 2001. </div><div>
</div><div>John Graham's central role is undermining environmental protection through ‘research' papers based on cost-benefit analysis. John Graham has blocked every rule change that protects the environment including two dozen proposed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Rules John Graham has fought to have rescinded include reduced <b>arsenic</b> levels in drinking water, <b>reduced pollution from coal burning plants and regulation of fecal waste from industrial factory farms. </b></div><div>
</div><div>{Cost-benefit analysis = only 50 humans out of a thousand will die prematurely from cancer over the next five years and the cost to save the 200,000 thousand or so people that will die prematurely would require entire industry upgrades costing 200 billion dollars or a million per individual saved from premature death and is therefore not economically feasible. Since American aristocracy can and does chose to live far from toxic polluters their chance of dying from cancer due to toxins approaches zero. Must be nice!} </div><div>
</div><div>"Factory farmed animals such as cattle, pigs and chickens, live in unnatural and cruel conditions, which do not allow them to live the way nature intended. Factory farmers treat them as commodities rather than living, breathing, sentient beings that feel pain and suffer, just as we do. It's time to make changes, not just because of the harm to our health and environment but because having respect for all beings will help create a more humane world." - Valerie Belt </div><div>
</div><div>Wise Use ideology has engineered the passage of laws in Missouri and Iowa making it a crime to photograph industrial factory farm animals! </div><div>
</div><div>{The 2009<b> swine flu pandemic </b>started at a Smithfield Foods - the world's largest pork packer and hog producer - massive hog-raising operation in Perote, Mexico, in the state of Vera Cruz. A Smithfield subsidiary, Granjas Carrol, raises 950,000 hogs per year. Residents of Perote believed the outbreak had been caused by contamination from pig breeding farms located in the area which polluted the atmosphere and local water bodies and in turn led to the disease outbreak.</div><div>
</div><div>A municipal health official stated that preliminary investigations indicated that the disease vector was a type of fly that reproduces in pig waste and that the outbreak was linked to the industrial pig farms. According to residents the organic and fecal waste produced by Granjas Carrol isn't adequately treated. Swarms of flies hovering around waste lagoons transfer respiratory ailments. </div><div>
</div><div>Mexican health agency Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social has acknowledged that the original carrier for the flu could be the "clouds of flies" that multiply in the Smithfield subsidiary's manure lagoons. </div><div>
</div><div>The increased use of antibiotics in animal production has gone hand-in-hand with the development of factory farms - industrial-style livestock operations. Thousands of animals are crammed into the unhygienic, crowded quarters of a typical industrial-style livestock operation, and antibiotics are dispensed constantly through the animals' feed. </div><div>
</div><div>Twenty-five million pounds of antibiotics are fed to livestock in the United States annually - eight times more than the amount used as human medicine. Six of the 17 classes of antibiotics used to promote growth in animals are also used to treat diseases in humans. A Harvard University study showed that antibiotic-resistant genes found in bacteria infecting humans were identical to some of the same bacteria infecting animals. </div><div>
</div><div>The Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production recommended: "Ban the non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials in food animal production to reduce the risk of antimicrobial resistance to medically important antibiotics and other microbials." </div><div>
</div><div>In 1998 in the nation's largest pig farm, a North Carolina factory farm, an aggressive H3N2 virus of a never-before-described triple hybrid of three viruses - a human virus, a pig virus and a bird virus - was discovered. </div><div>
</div><div>"Recently evolving intensive farming practice of raising pigs and poultry in adjacent sheds is unsound. Within the swine population, we now have a mammalian-adapted virus that is extremely promiscuous." - Dr. Robert Webster, world's leading flu virus evolution expert</div><div>
</div><div>"If you wanted to create global pandemics, you'd build as many of these factory farms as possible. That's why the development of swine flu isn't a surprise to those in the public health community. In 2003, the American Public Health Association - the oldest and largest in world - called for a moratorium of factory farming because they saw something like this would happen. It may take something as serious as a pandemic to make us realize the real cost of factory farming." - Dr. Michael Greger</div><div>
</div><div>Industrial farming has also been labeled as CAFOs (Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations).</div><div>
</div><div>"Adrian Gibbs, 75, who collaborated on research that led to the development of Roche Holding AG's Tamiflu drug, said in an interview that he intends to publish a report suggesting the new strain may have accidentally evolved in eggs scientists use to grow viruses and drugmakers use to make vaccines. Gibbs said he came to his conclusion as part of an effort to trace the virus's origins by analyzing its genetic blueprint." - Jason Gale and Simeon Bennett}</div><div>
</div><div>Thirteen states have laws making it illegal to criticize produce!</div><div>
</div><div>Strip mining was just the start. In Appalachia they do not just strip the Earth for coal seams lying a few feet under the surface they take the entire tops offmountains and dump them in streams! A rule change allowed strip mining waste to be reclassified as ‘fill'. Between 1992 and 2002, twelve hundred miles (1200) of stream bed was 'filled'. </div><div>
</div><div><b>"Mountaintop removal </b>is not only stupid, as the habitat of wildlife is destroyed in the name of profit and greed, it is immoral and shortsighted." - Gail Rubio</div><div>
</div><div>In 2004 a judge revoked 11 permits issued by the Army Corps of Engineers under the Nationwide Permit 21 process which allowed 'streamlined permitting'. </div><div>
</div><div>In November 2005 'steamlined permitting' for mountaintop removal and streambed filling was reinstated on appeal. </div><div>
</div><div>The United States 4th Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that mountaintop removal and streambed filling complied with the Clean Water Act.</div><div>
</div><div>"I've been regulating mining since 1966 and this is the most lawless administration I have encountered. They have no regard for protecting miners or the people in mining communities. They are without scruples. The corruption and lawlessness goes all the way to the top." - Jack Spadaro, former superintendent of the federal Mine Safety and Health Administration (see canary in a coal mine)</div><div>
</div><div>The pillage of Appalachia by the coal industry is being made possible by officials who view public service as an opportunity for wholesale plunder. </div><div>
</div><div>In the flurry of rule changes that took place on George W. Bush's exit many environmental regulations were gutted. A change to the rule on mountaintop removal and stream filling was changed to circumvent government oversight. The rule gives coal corporations a legal right to do what, in the past, they could do only in exceptional circumstances, with special permission from the government. </div><div>
</div><div>"The Environmental Protection Agency's own scientists have concluded that dumping mining waste into streams devastates downstream water quality. By signing off on this rule, the agency has abdicated its responsibility." - Edward C. Hopkins </div><div>
</div><div>"This is unmistakably a fire sale of epic size for coal and the entire fossil fuel industry, with flagrant disregard for human health, the environment or the rule of law." - Vickie Patton </div><div>
</div><div>"With less than two months left in power the Bush administration is determined to cement its legacy as having the worst environmental record in history." - Joan M. Mulhern </div><div>
</div><div>"Federal law allows coal mine waste to be placed in streams." - Peter L. Mali, a spokesman for the Interior Department office that wrote the new regulation (I'll bet that water sure tastes good!)</div><div>
</div><div>"The George W. Bush administration and the coal industry have teamed up to wipe Appalachia off the map. This is Appalachia's last stand. When the mountaintsgo, so goes our culture and our people, and it will be the George W. Bush administration that pushes the stake through our heart." - Judy Bonds</div><div>
</div><div>On Friday the 13th of February 2009 the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, in Richmond, Va., overturned a 2007 decision that supported environmentalists' claims that the Army Corps of Engineers had improperly issued permits for mountaintop coal mining in Appalachia. Now "clean coal" companies will be able to continue blasting the tops off mountains and dumping the leftover rock in valleys, burying streams forever. (Arsenic, cadmium and mercury sure tastes good in water!)</div><div>
</div><div>"The scientific evidence of the severe environmental and human impacts from mountaintop mining is strong and irrefutable." - Margaret Palmer</div><div>
</div><div>1 in 6 American women have <b>mercury </b>levels in their blood streams that carry levels of mercury dangerous enough to cause neurological damage in their unborn children. </div><div>
</div><div>"The science is certain -</div><div>
</div><div>from http://www.unique-design.net/library/word/ecology.html</div><div> </div><div>
</div><div>
</div><div></div><div>http://www.alternet.org/story/17252/crimes_against_nature</div><div>
</div><div>Crimes Against Nature</div><div>
</div><div>Bush is sabotaging the laws that have protected America's environment for more than thirty years.</div><div>
</div><div>By Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. / Natural Resources Defense Council November 24,<b> 2003</b></div><div>
</div><div>George W. Bush will go down in history as America's worst environmental president. In a ferocious three-year attack, the Bush administration has initiated more than 200 major rollbacks of America's environmental laws, weakening the protection of our country's air, water, public lands and wildlife. Cloaked in meticulously crafted language designed to deceive the public, the administration intends to eliminate the nation's most important environmental laws by the end of the year. Under the guidance of Republican pollster<b> Frank Luntz,</b> the Bush White House has actively hidden its anti-environmental program behind deceptive rhetoric, telegenic spokespeople, secrecy and the intimidation of scientists and bureaucrats. The Bush attack was not entirely unexpected. George W. Bush had the grimmest environmental record of any governor during his tenure in Texas. Texas became number one in air and water pollution and in the release of toxic chemicals. In his six years in Austin, he championed a short-term pollution-based prosperity, which enriched his political contributors and corporate cronies by lowering the quality of life for everyone else. Now President Bush is set to do the same to America. After three years, his policies are already bearing fruit, diminishing standards of living for millions of Americans.</div><div>
</div><div>I am angry both as a citizen and a father. Three of my sons have asthma, and I watch them struggle to breathe on bad-air days. And they're comparatively lucky: One in four African-American children in New York shares this affliction; their suffering is often unrelieved because they lack the insurance and high-quality health care that keep my sons alive. My kids are among the millions of Americans who cannot enjoy the seminal American experience of fishing locally with their dad and eating their catch. Most freshwater fish in New York and all in Connecticut are now under consumption advisories. A main source of mercury pollution in America, as well as asthma-provoking ozone and particulates, is the coal-burning power plants that President Bush recently excused from complying with the Clean Air Act.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Furthermore, the deadly addiction to fossil fuels that White House policies encourage has squandered our treasury, entangled us in foreign wars, diminished our international prestige, made us a target for terrorist attacks and increased our reliance on petty Middle Eastern dictators who despise democracy and are hated by their own people.</span></div><div>
</div><div>When the Republican right managed to install George W. Bush as president in 2000, movement leaders once again set about doing what they had attempted to do since the Reagan years: eviscerate the infrastructure of laws and regulations that protect the environment. For twenty-five years it has been like the zombie that keeps coming back from the grave.</div><div>
</div><div><b>The attacks began on Inauguration Day, when President Bush's chief of staff and former General Motors lobbyist Andrew Card quietly initiated a moratorium on all recently adopted regulations.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Since then, the White House has enlisted every federal agency that oversees environmental programs in a coordinated effort to relax rules aimed at the oil, coal, logging, mining and chemical industries as well as automakers, real estate developers, corporate agribusiness and other industries.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Bush's Environmental Protection Agency has halted work on sixty-two environmental standards, the federal Department of Agriculture has stopped work on fifty-seven standards, and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has halted twenty-one new standards. The EPA completed just two major rules -- both under court order and both watered down at industry request -- compared to twenty-three completed by the Clinton administration and fourteen by the Bush Sr. administration in their first two years.</span></div><div>
</div><div>This onslaught is being coordinated through the <b>White House Office of Management and Budget -- or, more precisely, OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, under the direction of John Graham, t</b>he engine-room mechanic of the Bush stealth strategy. Graham's specialty is promoting changes in scientific and economic assumptions that underlie government regulations -- such as recalculating cost-benefit analyses to favor polluters. Before coming to the White House, Graham was the founding director of the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, where he received funding from America's champion corporate polluters: Dow Chemical, DuPont, Monsanto, Alcoa, Exxon, General Electric and General Motors.</div><div>
</div><div>Under the White House's guidance, the very agencies entrusted to protect Americans from polluters are laboring to destroy environmental laws. Or they've simply stopped enforcing them. Penalties imposed for environmental violations have plummeted under Bush. The EPA has proposed eliminating 270 enforcement staffers, which would drop staff levels to the lowest level ever. Inspections of polluting businesses have dipped fifteen percent. Criminal cases referred for federal prosecution have dropped forty percent. The EPA measures its success by the amount of pollution reduced or prevented as a result of its own actions. Last year, the EPA's two most senior career enforcement officials resigned after decades of service. They cited the administration's refusal to carry out environmental laws.</div><div>
</div><div>The White House has masked its attacks with euphemisms that would have embarrassed George Orwell. George W. Bush's "Healthy Forests" initiative promotes destructive logging of old-growth forests. His "Clear Skies" program, which repealed key provisions of the Clean Air Act, allows more emissions. The administration uses misleading code words such as streamlining or reforming instead of weakening, and thinning instead of logging.</div><div>
</div><div>In a March 2003 memo to Republican leadership, pollster Frank Luntz frankly outlined the White House strategy on energy and the environment: "The environment is probably the single issue on which Republicans in general and President Bush in particular are most vulnerable," he wrote, cautioning that the public views Republicans as being "in the pockets of corporate fat cats who rub their hands together and chuckle maniacally as they plot to pollute America for fun and profit." Luntz warned, "Not only do we risk losing the swing vote, but our suburban female base could abandon us as well." He recommended that Republicans don the sheep's clothing of environmental rhetoric while dismantling environmental laws.</div><div>
</div><div>I prosecute polluters on behalf of the Natural Resources Defense Council, Riverkeeper and Waterkeeper Alliance. As George W. Bush began his presidency, I was involved in litigation against the factory-pork industry, which is a large source of air and water pollution in America. Corporate pork factories cannot produce more efficiently than traditional family farmers without violating several federal environmental statutes. Industrial farms illegally dump millions of tons of untreated fecal and toxic waste onto land and into the air and water. Factory farms have contaminated hundreds of miles of waterways, put tens of thousands of family farmers and fishermen out of work, killed billions of fish, sickened consumers and subjected millions of farm animals to unspeakable cruelty.</div><div>
</div><div>On behalf of several farm groups and fishermen, we sued Smithfield Foods and won a decision that suggested that almost all of American factory farms were violating the Clean Water Act. The Clinton EPA had also brought its own parallel suits addressing chronic air and water violations by hog factories. But almost immediately after taking office, the Bush administration ordered the EPA to halt its Clean Air Act investigations of animal factories and weaken the water rules to allow them to continue polluting indefinitely.</div><div>
</div><div>Several of my other national cases were similarly derailed. Eleven years ago, I sued the EPA to stop massive fish kills at power plants. Using antiquated technology, power plants often suck up the entire fresh water volume of large rivers, killing obscene numbers of fish. Just one facility, the Salem nuclear plant in New Jersey, kills more than 3 billion Delaware River fish each year, according to Martin Marietta, the plant's own consultant. These fish kills are illegal, and in 2001 we finally won our case. A federal judge ordered the EPA to issue regulations restricting power-plant fish kills. But soon after President Bush's inauguration, the administration replaced the proposed new rule with clever regulations designed to allow the slaughter to continue unabated. The new administration also trumped court decisions that would have enforced greater degrees of wetlands protection and forbidden coal moguls from blasting off whole mountaintops to get at the coal beneath.</div><div>
</div><div>The fishermen I represent are traditionally Republican. But, without exception, they see this administration as the largest threat not just to their livelihoods but to their values and their idea of what it means to be American. "Why," they'll ask, "is the president allowing coal, oil, power and automotive interests to fix the game?"</div><div>
</div><div>Back to the Dark Ages</div><div>
</div><div>George w. Bush seems to be trying to take us all the way back to the Dark Ages by undermining the very principles of our environmental rights, which civilized nations have always recognized. Ancient Rome's Code of Justinian guaranteed the use to all citizens of the "public trust" or commons -- those shared resources that cannot be reduced to private property -- the air, flowing water, public lands, wandering animals, fisheries, wetlands and aquifers.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">When Roman law broke down in Europe during the Dark Ages,<b> feudal kings began to privatize the commons</b>. In the early thirteenth century, when King John also attempted to sell off England's fisheries and erect navigational tolls on the Thames, his subjects rose up and confronted him at Runnymede, forcing him to sign the Magna Carta, which includes provisions guaranteeing the rights of free access to fisheries and waters.</span></div><div>
</div><div>Clean-air laws in England, passed in the fourteenth century, made it a capital offense to burn coal in London, and violators were executed for the crime. These "public trust" rights to unspoiled air, water and wildlife descended to the people of the United States following the American Revolution. Until 1870, a factory releasing even small amounts of smoke onto public or private property was operating illegally.</div><div>
</div><div>But during the Gilded Age, when the corporate robber barons captured the political and judicial systems, those rights were stolen from the American people. As the Industrial Revolution morphed into the postwar industrial boom, Americans found themselves paying a high price for the resulting pollution. The wake-up call came in the late Sixties, when Lake Erie was declared dead and Cleveland's Cuyahoga River exploded in colossal infernos.</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">In 1970, more than 20 million Americans took to the streets protesting the state of the environment on the first Earth Day. Whether they knew it or not, they were demanding a return of ancient rights.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">During the next few years, Congress passed twenty-eight major environmental statutes, including the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act and the Endangered Species Act, and it created the Environmental Protection Agency to apply and enforce these new laws.</span> Polluters would be held accountable; those planning to use the commons would have to compile environmental-impact statements and hold public hearings; citizens were given the power to prosecute environmental crimes. Right-to-know and toxic-inventory laws made government and industry more transparent on the local level and our nation more democratic. Even the most vulnerable Americans could now participate in the dialogue that determines the destinies of their communities.</div><div>
</div><div>Earth Day caught polluters off guard. But in the next thirty years, they mounted an increasingly sophisticated and aggressive counterattack to undermine these laws. The Bush administration is a culmination of their three-decade campaign.</div><div>
</div><div>Strangling the Environment</div><div>
</div><div>In 1980, candidate Ronald Reagan declared, "I am a Sagebrush Rebel," marking a major turning point of the modern anti-environmental movement. In the early 1980s, the Western extractive industries, led by one of Colorado's worst polluters, brewer Joseph Coors, organized the Sagebrush Rebellion, a coalition of industry money and right-wing ideologues that helped elect Reagan president.</div><div>
</div><div>The big polluters who started the Sagebrush Rebellion were successful because they managed to broaden their constituency with anti-regulatory, anti-labor and anti-environmental rhetoric that had great appeal both among Christian fundamentalist leaders such as Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson, and in certain Western communities where hostility to government is deeply rooted. Big polluters found that they could organize this discontent into a potent political force that possessed the two ingredients of power in American democracy: money and intensity. Meanwhile, innovations in direct-mail and computer technologies gave this alliance of dark populists and polluters a deafening voice in American government.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Coors founded the Mountain States Legal Foundation [pendley return DJT] in 1976 to bring lawsuits designed to enrich giant corporations,</b> limit civil rights and attack unions, homosexuals and minorities. He also founded the right-wing Heritage Foundation, to provide a philosophical underpinning for the anti-environmental movement. While the foundation and its imitators -- the Competitive Enterprise Institute, the American Enterprise Institute, the Reason Foundation, the Federalist Society, the Marshall Institute and others -- claim to advocate free markets and property rights, their agenda is more pro-pollution than anything else.</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>From its conception, the Heritage Foundation and its neoconservative cronies urged followers to "strangle the environmental movement," which Heritage named "the greatest single threat to the American economy."</b> Ronald Reagan's victory gave Heritage Foundation and the Mountain States Legal Foundation immeasurable clout. Heritage became known as Reagan's "shadow government," and its 2,000-page manifesto, "Mandate for Change," became a blueprint for his administration. Coors handpicked his Colorado associates: Anne Gorsuch became the EPA administrator; her husband, Robert Burford, a cattle baron who had vowed to destroy the Bureau of Land Management, was selected to head that very agency. Most notorious, Coors chose James Watt, president of the Mountain States Legal Foundation, as the secretary of the interior. Watt was a proponent of "dominion theology," an authoritarian Christian heresy that advocates man's duty to "subdue" nature. His deep faith in laissez-faire capitalism and apocalyptic Christianity led Secretary Watt to set about dismantling his department and distributing its assets rather than managing them for future generations. During a Senate hearing, he cited the approaching Apocalypse to explain why he was giving away America's sacred places at fire-sale prices: "I do not know how many future generations we can count on before the Lord returns."</div><div>
</div><div>Meanwhile, Anne <b>Gorsuch</b> enthusiastically gutted EPA's budget by sixty percent, crippling its ability to write regulations or enforce the law. She appointed lobbyists fresh from their hitches with the paper, asbestos, chemical and oil companies to run each of the principal agency departments. Her chief counsel was an Exxon lawyer; her head of enforcement was from General Motors.</div><div>
</div><div>These attacks on the environment precipitated a public revolt. By 1983, more than a million Americans and all 125 American-Indian tribes had signed a petition demanding Watt's removal. After being forced out of office, Watt was indicted on twenty-five felony counts of influence-pedaling. Gorsuch and twenty-three of her cronies were forced to resign following a congressional investigation of sweetheart deals with polluters, including Coors. Her first deputy, Rita Lavelle, was jailed for perjury.</div><div>
</div><div>The indictments and resignations put a temporary damper on the Sagebrush Rebels, but they quickly regrouped as the "Wise Use" movement. Wise Use founder, the timber-industry flack Ron Arnold, said, "Our goal is to destroy, to eradicate the environmental movement. We want to be able to exploit the environment for private gain, absolutely."</div><div>
</div><div><b>By 1994, Wise Use helped propel Newt Gingrich to the speaker's chair of the U.S. House of Representatives and turn his anti-environmental manifesto, "The Contract With America," into law</b>. Gingrich's chief of environmental policy was Rep. Tom DeLay, the one-time Houston exterminator who was determined to rid the world of pesky pesticide regulations and to promote a biblical worldview. He targeted the Endangered Species Act as the second-greatest threat to Texas after illegal aliens. He also wanted to legalize the deadly pesticide DDT, and he routinely referred to the EPA as "the Gestapo of government." In January 1995, DeLay invited a group of 350 lobbyists representing some of America's biggest polluters to collaborate in drafting legislation to dismantle federal health, safety and environmental laws.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Gingrich and DeLay</b> had learned from the James Watt debacle that they had to conceal their radical agenda. Carefully eschewing public debates on their initiatives, they mounted a stealth attack on America's environmental laws. Rather than pursue a frontal assault against popular statutes such as the Endangered Species, Clean Water and Clean Air acts, they tried to undermine these laws by attaching silent riders to must-pass budget bills.</span></div><div>
</div><div>But the public got wise. Moderate Republicans teamed up with the Clinton administration to block the worst of it. My group, the NRDC, as well as the Sierra Club and the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, generated more than 1 million letters to Congress. When President Clinton shut down the government in December 1995 rather than pass a budget bill spangled with anti-environmental riders, the tide turned against Gingrich and DeLay. By the end of that month, even conservatives disavowed the attack. "We lost the battle on the environment," DeLay conceded.</div><div>
</div><div>Undermining the Scientists</div><div>
</div><div>Today, with the presidency and both houses of Congress under the anti-environmentalists' control, they are set to eviscerate the despised laws. White House strategy is to promote its unpopular policies by lying about its agenda, cheating on the science and stealing the language and rhetoric of the environmental movement.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Even as Republican pollster Luntz acknowledged that the scientific evidence is against the Republicans on issues like global warming, he advised them to find scientists willing to hoodwink the public. "You need to continue to make the lack of scientific certainty a primary issue," he told Republicans, "by becoming even more active in recruiting experts sympathetic to your view.</span>"</div><div>
</div><div>In the meantime, he urged them to change their rhetoric. "'Climate change,' " he said, "is less threatening than 'global warming.' While global warming has catastrophic connotations attached to it, climate change suggests a more controllable and less emotional challenge."</div><div>
</div><div>The EPA's inspector general received broad attention for his August 21st, 2003, finding that the White House pressured the agency to conceal the public-health risks from poisoned air following the September 11th World Trade Center attacks. But this 2001 deception is only one example of the administration's pattern of strategic distortion. Earlier this year, it suppressed an EPA report warning that millions of Americans, especially children, are being poisoned by mercury from industrial sources.</div><div>
</div><div>This behavior is consistent throughout the Bush government. Consider the story of James Zahn, a scientist at the Department of Agriculture who resigned after the Bush administration suppressed his taxpayer-funded study proving that billions of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be carried daily across property lines from meat factories into neighboring homes and farms. In March 2002, Zahn accepted my invitation to present his findings to a convention of family-farm advocates in Iowa. Several weeks before the April conference, pork-industry lobbyists learned of his appearance and persuaded the Department of Agriculture to forbid him from appearing. Zahn told me he had been ordered to cancel a dozen appearances at county health departments and similar venues.</div><div>
</div><div>In May, the White House blocked the EPA staff from publicly discussing contamination by the chemical perchlorate -- the main ingredient in solid rocket fuel. The administration froze federal regulations on <b>perchlorate,</b> even as new research reveals alarmingly high levels of the chemical in the nation's drinking water and food supply, including many grocery-store lettuces. Perchlorate pollution has been linked to neurological problems, cancer and other life-threatening illnesses in some twenty states. The Pentagon and several defense contractors face billions of dollars in potential cleanup liability.</div><div>
</div><div>The administration's leading expert in manipulating scientific data is Interior Secretary Gale Norton. During her nomination hearings, Norton promised not to ideologically slant agency science. But as her friend Thomas Sansonetti, a coal- industry lobbyist who is now assistant attorney general, predicted, "There won't be any biologists or botanists to come in and pull the wool over her eyes."</div><div>
</div><div><b>In autumn 2001, Secretary Norton provided the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources with her agency's scientific assessment that Arctic oil drilling would not harm hundreds of thousands of caribou</b>. Not long afterward, Fish and Wildlife Service biologists contacted the Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, which defends scientists and other professionals working in state and federal environmental agencies. "The scientists provided us the science that they had submitted to Norton and the altered version that she had given to Congress a week later," said the group's executive director, Jeff Ruch. There were seventeen major substantive changes, all of them minimizing the reported impacts. When Norton was asked about the alterations in October 2001, she dismissed them as typographical errors.</div><div>
</div><div>Later, she and White House political adviser Karl Rove forced National Marine Fisheries scientists to alter findings on the amount of water required for the survival of salmon in Oregon's Klamath River, to ensure that large corporate farms got a bigger share of the river water. As a result, more than 33,000 chinook and coho salmon died -- the largest fish kill in the history of America. Mike Kelly, the biologist who drafted the original opinion (and who has since been awarded federal whistle-blower status), told me that the coho salmon is probably headed for extinction. "Morale is low among scientists here," Kelly says. "We are under pressure to get the right results. This administration is putting the species at risk for political gain -- and not just in the Klamath."</div><div>
</div><div>Norton has also ordered the rewriting of an exhaustive twelve-year study by federal biologists detailing the effects that Arctic drilling would have on populations of musk oxen and snow geese. She reissued the biologists' report two weeks later as a two-page paper showing no negative impact to wildlife. She also ordered suppression of two studies by the Fish and Wildlife Service concluding that the drilling would threaten polar-bear populations and violate the international treaty protecting bears. She then instructed the Fish and Wildlife Service to redo the report to "reflect the Interior Department's position." She suppressed findings that mountaintop mining would cause "tremendous destruction of aquatic and terrestrial habitat" and a Park Service report that found that snowmobiles were hurting Yellowstone's air quality, wildlife and the health of its visitors and employees.</div><div>
</div><div>Norton's Fish and Wildlife Service is the first ever not to voluntarily list a single species as endangered or threatened. Her officials have blackballed scientists and savaged studies to avoid listing the trumpeter swan, revoke the listing of the grizzly bear and shrink the remnant habitat for the Florida panther. She disbanded the service's oldest scientific advisory committee in order to halt protection of desert fish in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas that are headed for extinction. Interior career staffers and scientists say they are monitored by Norton's industry appointees to ensure that future studies do not conflict with industry profit-making.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Cooking the Books on Global Warming</b></div><div>
</div><div>There is no scientific debate in which the White House has cooked the books more than that of global warming. In the past two years the Bush administration has altered, suppressed or attempted to discredit close to a dozen major reports on the subject. These include a ten-year peer-reviewed study by the International Panel on Climate Change, commissioned by the president's father in 1993 in his own efforts to dodge what was already a virtual scientific consensus blaming industrial emissions for global warming.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>After disavowing the Kyoto Protocol,</b> the Bush administration commissioned the federal government's National Academy of Sciences to find holes in the IPCC analysis. But this ploy backfired. The NAS not only confirmed the existence of global warming and its connection to industrial greenhouse gases, it also predicted that the effects of climate change would be worse than previously believed, estimating that global temperatures will rise between 2.5 and 10.4 degrees by 2100.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">A May 2002 report by scientists from the EPA, NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, approved by Bush appointees at the Council on Environmental Quality and submitted to the United Nations by the U.S., predicted similarly catastrophic impacts. When confronted with the findings, Bush dismissed it with his smirking condemnation: "I've read the report put out by the bureaucracy. . . ."</span></div><div>
</div><div>Afterward, the White House acknowledged that, in fact, he hadn't. Having failed to discredit the report with this untruth, George W. did what his father had done: He promised to study the problem some more. Last fall, the White House announced the creation of the Climate Research Initiative to study global warming. The earliest results are due next fall. But the White House's draft plan for CRI was derided by the NAS in February as a rehash of old studies and established science lacking "most elements of a strategic plan."</div><div>
</div><div>In September 2002, administration censors released the annual EPA report on air pollution without the agency's usual update on global warming, that section having been deleted by Bush appointees at the White House. On June 19th, 2003, a "State of the Environment" report commissioned by the EPA in 2001 was released after language about global warming was excised by flat-earthers in the White House. The redacted studies had included a 2001 report by the National Research Council, commissioned by the White House. In their place was a piece of propaganda financed by the American Petroleum Institute challenging these conclusions.</div><div>
</div><div>This past July, EPA scientists leaked a study, which the agency had ordered suppressed in May, showing that a Senate plan -- co-sponsored by Republican Sen. John McCain -- to reduce the pollution that causes global warming could achieve its goal at very small cost. Bush reacted by launching a $100 million ten-year effort to prove that global temperature changes have, in fact, occurred naturally, another delay tactic for the fossil-fuel barons at taxpayer expense.</div><div>
</div><div>Princeton geo-scientist Michael Oppenheimer told me, "This administration likes to emphasize what we don't know while ignoring or minimizing what we do know, which is a prescription for paralysis on policy. It's hard to imagine what kind of scientific evidence would suffice to convince the White House to take firm action on global warming."</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Across the board, the administration yields to Big Energy. <b>At the request of ExxonMobil, and with the help of a lobbying group working for coal-burning utility Southern Co., the Bush administration orchestrated the removal of U.S. scientist Robert Watson, the world-renowned former NASA atmospheric chemist </b>who headed the United Nations' IPCC. He was replaced by a little-known scientist from New Delhi, India, who would be generally unavailable for congressional hearings.</span></div><div>
</div><div>The Bush administration now plans to contract out thousands of environmental-science jobs to compliant industry consultants already in the habit of massaging data to support corporate profit-taking, effectively making federal science an arm of Karl Rove's political machine. The very ideologues who derided Bill Clinton as a liar have institutionalized dishonesty and made it the reigning culture of America's federal agencies. "At its worst," Oppenheimer says, "this approach represents a serious erosion in the way a democracy deals with science."</div><div><b>
</b></div><div><b>Inside the Cheney Task Force</b></div><div>
</div><div>There is no better example of the corporate cronyism now hijacking American democracy than the White House's cozy relationship with the energy industry. It's hard to find anyone on Bush's staff who does not have extensive corporate connections, but fossil-fuel executives rule the roost. The energy industry contributed more than $48.3 million to Republicans in the 2000 election cycle, with $3 million to Bush. Now the investment has matured. Both Bush and Cheney came out of the oil patch. Thirty-one of the Bush transition team's forty-eight members had energy-industry ties. Bush's cabinet and White House staff is an energy-industry dream team -- four cabinet secretaries, the six most powerful White House officials and more than twenty high-level appointees are alumni of the industry and its allies (see "Bush's Energy-Industry All-Stars," on Page 183).</div><div>
</div><div>The potential for corruption is staggering. Take the case of <b>J. Steven Griles, deputy secretary of the Interior Department</b>. During the first Reagan administration, Griles worked directly under James Watt at Interior, where he helped the coal industry evade prohibitions against mountaintop-removal strip mining. In 1989, Griles left government to work as a mining executive and then as a lobbyist with National Environmental Strategies, a Washington, D.C., firm that represented the National Mining Association and Dominion Resources, one of the nation's largest power producers. When Griles got his new job at Interior, the National Mining Association hailed him as "an ally of the industry."</div><div>
</div><div>It's bad enough that a former mining lobbyist was put in charge of regulating mining on public land. But it turns out that Griles is still on the industry's payroll. In 2001, he sold his client base to his partner Marc Himmelstein for four annual payments of $284,000, making Griles, in effect, a continuing partner in the firm.</div><div>
</div><div>Because Griles was an oil and mining lobbyist, the Senate made him agree in writing that he would avoid contact with his former clients as a condition of his confirmation. Griles has nevertheless repeatedly met with former coal clients to discuss new rules allowing mountaintop mining in Appalachia and destructive coal-bed methane drilling in Wyoming. He also met with his former oil clients about offshore leases. These meetings prompted Sen. Joseph Lieberman to ask the Interior Department to investigate Griles. With Republicans in control of congressional committees, no subpoenas have interrupted the Griles scandals.</div><div>
</div><div>With its operatives in place, the Bush energy plan became an orgy of industry plunder. Days after his inauguration, Bush launched the National Energy Policy Development Group, chaired by Cheney. For three months, the task force held closed-door meetings with energy-industry representatives - then refused to disclose the names of the participants.</div><div>
</div><div>For the first time in history, the nonpartisan General Accounting Office sued the executive branch, for access to these records. NRDC put in a Freedom of Information Act request, and when Cheney did not respond, we also sued. On February 21st, 2002, U.S. District Judge Gladys Kessler ordered Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham and other agency officials to turn over the records relating to their participation in the work of the energy task force. Under this court order, NRDC has obtained some 20,000 documents. Although none of the logs on the vice president's meetings have been released yet and the pages were heavily redacted to prevent disclosure of useful information, the documents still allow glimpses of the process.</div><div>
</div><div>The task force comprised Cabinet secretaries and other high-level administration officials with energy-industry pedigrees. The undisputed leader was Cheney, who hails from Wyoming, the nation's largest coal producer, and who, for six previous years, was CEO of Halliburton, the oil-service company. Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill was chairman of the Aluminum Company of America for thirteen years. Aluminum-industry profits are directly related to energy prices. O'Neill promised to immediately sell his extensive stock holdings in his former company (worth more than $100 million) to avoid conflicts of interest, but he delayed the sale until after the energy plan was released. By then, thanks partly to the administration's energy policies, Alcoa's stock had risen thirty percent. Energy Secretary Abraham, a former one-term senator from Michigan, received $700,000 from the auto industry in his losing 2000 campaign, more than any other Senate candidate. At Energy, Abraham led the administration effort to scuttle fuel-economy standards, allow SUVs to escape fuel-efficiency minimums and create obscene tax incentives for Americans to buy the largest gas guzzlers.</div><div>
</div><div>Joe Allbaugh, director of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, sat next to Abraham on the task force. Allbaugh's wife, Diane, is an energy-industry lobbyist and represents three firms -- Reliant Energy, Entergy and TXU, each of which paid her $20,000 in the three months of the task force's deliberation. Joe Allbaugh participated in task-force meetings on issues directly affecting those companies, including debates about environmental rules for power plants and -- his wife's specialty -- electricity deregulation.</div><div>
</div><div>Commerce Secretary Don Evans, an old friend of the president from their early days in the oil business, was CEO of Tom Brown Inc., a Denver oil-and-gas company, and a trustee of another drilling firm. Interior Secretary Gale Norton, a mining-industry lawyer, accepted nearly $800,000 from the energy industry during her 1996 run in Colorado for the U.S. Senate.</div><div>
</div><div>In the winter and spring of 2001, executives and lobbyists from the oil, coal, electric-utility and nuclear industries tramped in and out of the Cabinet room and Cheney's office. Many of the lobbyists had just left posts inside Bush's presidential campaign to work for companies that had donated lavishly to that effort. Companies that made large contributions were given special access. Executives from Enron Corp., which contributed $2.5 million to the GOP from 1999 to 2002, had contact with the task force at least ten times, including six face-to-face meetings between top officials and Cheney.</div><div>
</div><div><b>After one meeting with Enron CEO Kenneth Lay, Cheney dismissed California Gov. Gray Davis' request to cap the state's energy prices</b>. That denial would enrich Enron and nearly bankrupt California. It has since emerged that the state's energy crisis was largely engineered by Enron. According to the New York Times, the task-force staff circulated a memo that suggested "utilizing" the crisis to justify expanded oil and gas drilling. President Bush and others would cite the California crisis to call for drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.</div><div>
</div><div>Energy companies that had not ponied up remained under pressure to give to Republicans. When Westar Energy's chief executive was indicted for fraud, investigators found an e-mail written by Westar executives describing solicitations by Republican politicians for a political action committee controlled by Tom DeLay as the price for a "seat at the table" with the task force.</div><div>
</div><div>Task-force members began each meeting with industry lobbyists by announcing that the session was off the record and that participants were to share no documents. A National Mining Association official told reporters that the industry managed to control the energy plan by keeping the process secret. "We've probably had as much input as anybody else in town," he said. "I have to take my hat off to them -- they've been able to keep a lid on it."</div><div>
</div><div>When it was suggested that access to the administration was for sale, Cheney hardly apologized. "Just because somebody makes a campaign contribution doesn't mean that they should be denied the opportunity to express their view to government officials," he said. Although they met with hundreds of industry officials, Cheney and Abraham refused to meet with any environmental groups. Cheney made one exception to the secrecy policy: On May 15th, 2001, the day before the task force sent its plan to the president, CEOs from wind-, solar- and geothermal-energy companies were granted a short meeting with Cheney. Afterward, they were led into the Rose Garden for a press conference and a photo op.</div><div>
</div><div><b>While peddling influence to energy tycoons, the White House quietly dropped criminal and civil charges against Koch Industries, </b>America's largest privately held oil company. Koch faced a ninety-seven-count federal felony indictment and $357 million in fines for knowingly releasing ninety metric tons of carcinogenic benzene and concealing the releases from federal regulators. Koch executives contributed $800,000 to Bush's presidential campaign and to other top Republicans.</div><div>
</div><div>Last March, the Federal Trade Commission dropped a Clinton-era investigation of price gouging by the oil and gas industries, even as Duke Energy, a principal target of the probe, admitted to selling electricity in California for more than double the highest previously reported price. The Bush administration said that the industry deserved a "gentler approach." Administration officials also winked at a scam involving a half-dozen oil companies cheating the government out of $100 million per year in royalty payments.</div><div>
</div><div>Southern Co. was among the most adept advocates for its own self-interest. The company, which contributed $1.6 million to Republicans from 1999 to 2002, met with Cheney's task force seven times. Faced with a series of EPA prosecutions at power plants violating air-quality standards, the company retained Haley Barbour, former Republican National Committee chairman and now governor-elect of Mississippi, to lobby the administration to ignore Southern's violations.</div><div>
</div><div>The White House then forced the Justice Department to drop the prosecution. Justice lawyers were "astounded" that the administration would interfere in a law-enforcement matter that was "supposed to be out of bounds from politics." The EPA's chief enforcement officer, Eric Schaeffer, resigned. "With the Bush administration, whether or not environmental laws are enforced depends on who you know," Schaeffer told me. "If you've got a good lobbyist, you can just buy your way out of trouble."</div><div>
</div><div>Along with Barbour, Southern retained current Republican National Committee chairman and former Montana Gov. Marc Racicot. Barbour and Racicot repeatedly conferred with Abraham and Cheney, urging them to ease limits on carbon-dioxide pollution from power plants and to gut the Clean Air Act. On May 17th, 2001, the White House released its energy plan. Among the recommendations were exempting old power plants from Clean Air Act compliance and adopting Barbour's arguments about carbon-dioxide restrictions. Barbour repaid the favor that week by raising $250,000 at a May 21st GOP gala honoring Bush. Southern donated $150,000 to the effort.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Cheney's task force had at least nineteen contacts with officials from the nuclear-energy industry </b>-- whose trade association, the Nuclear Energy Institute, donated $100,000 to the Bush inauguration gala and $437,000 to Republicans from 1999 to 2002. The report recommended loosening environmental controls on the industry, reducing public participation in the siting of nuclear plants and adding billions of dollars in subsidies for the nuclear industry.</div><div>
</div><div>Cheney wasn't embarrassed to reward his old cronies at Halliburton, either. The final draft of the task-force report praises a gas-recovery technique controlled by Halliburton -- even though an earlier draft had criticized the technology. The technique, which has been linked to the contamination of aquifers, is currently being investigated by the EPA. Somehow, that got edited out of the report.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Big Coal and the Destruction of Appalachia</b></div><div>
</div><div>Coal companies enjoyed perhaps the biggest payoff. At the West Virginia Coal Association's annual conference in May 2002, president William D. Raney assured 150 industry moguls, "You did everything you could to elect a Republican president." Now, he said, "you are already seeing in his actions the payback."</div><div>
</div><div>Peabody Energy, the world's largest coal company and a major contributor to the Bush campaign, was one of the first to cash in. Immediately after his inauguration, Bush appointed two executives from Peabody and one from its Black Beauty subsidiary to his energy advisory team.</div><div>
</div><div>When the task force released its final report, it recommended accelerating coal production and spending $2 billion in federal subsidies for research to make coal-fired electricity cleaner. Five days later, Peabody issued a public-stock offering, raising $60 million more than analysts had predicted. Company vice president Fred Palmer credited the Bush administration. "I am sure it affected the valuation of the stock," he told the Los Angeles Times.</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><b>Peabody </b>also wanted to build the largest coal-fired power plant in thirty years upwind of Mammoth Cave National Park in Kentucky, a designated UNESCO World Heritage site and International Biosphere Reserve. </span>With arm-twisting from Deputy Interior Secretary Steven Griles and another $450,000 in GOP contributions, Peabody got what it wanted. A study on the air impacts was suppressed, and park scientists who feared that several endangered species might go extinct due to mercury and acid-rain deposits were silenced.</div><div>
</div><div>At the Senate's request, Griles had signed a "statement of disqualification" on August 1st, 2001, committing himself to avoiding issues affecting his former clients. Three days later, he nevertheless appeared before the West Virginia Coal Association and promised executives that "we will fix the federal rules very soon on water and soil placement." That was fancy language for pushing whole mountaintops into valleys, a practice worth billions to the industry. As a Reagan official, Griles helped devise the practice, which a federal court declared illegal in 2002, after 1,200 miles of streambeds had been filled and 380,000 acres of Appalachian forestlands had been rendered barren moonscapes.</div><div>
</div><div>Now Griles was promising his former coal clients he would fix these rules. In May 2002, the EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers adopted the language recommended by his former client, the National Mining Association. Had Griles not intervened, the practice of mountaintop-removal mining would have been severely restricted. Griles also pushed EPA deputy administrator Linda Fisher to overrule career personnel in the agency's Denver office who had given a devastating assessment to a proposal to produce coal-bed methane gas in the Powder River basin in Wyoming. Although Griles had recused himself from any discussion of this subject because it would directly enrich his former clients, he worked aggressively behind the scenes on behalf of a proposal to build 51,000 wells. The project will require 26,000 miles of new roads and 48,000 miles of pipeline, and will foul pristine landscapes with trillions of gallons of toxic wastewater.</div><div>
</div><div>Blueprint for Plunder</div><div>
</div><div><b>The energy-task-force plan is a $20 billion subsidy to the oil, coal and nuclear industries</b>, which are already swimming in record revenues. In May 2003, as the House passed the plan and as the rest of the nation stagnated in a recession abetted by high oil prices, Exxon announced that its profits had tripled from the previous quarter's record earnings. The energy plan recommends opening protected lands and waters to oil and gas drilling and building up to 1,900 electric-power plants. National treasures such as the California and Florida coasts, the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and the areas around Yellowstone Park will be opened for plunder for the trivial amounts of fossil fuels that they contain. While increasing reliance on oil, coal and nuclear power, the plan cuts the budget for research into energy efficiency and alternative power sources by nearly a third. "Conservation may be a sign of personal virtue," Cheney explained, but it should not be the basis of "comprehensive energy policy."</div><div>
</div><div>As if to prove that point, Republicans simultaneously eliminated the tax credit that had encouraged Americans to buy gas-saving hybrid cars, and weakened efficiency standards for everything from air conditioners to automobiles. They also created an obscene $100,000 tax break for Hummers and the thirty-eight biggest gas guzzlers. Then, adding insult to injury, the Energy Department robbed $135,615 from the anemic solar, renewables and energy-conservation budget to produce 10,000 copies of the White House's energy plan.</div><div>
</div><div>To lobby for the plan, more than 400 industry groups enlisted in the Alliance for Energy and Economic Growth, a coalition created by oil, mining and nuclear interests and guided by the White House. It cost $5,000 to join, "a very low price," according to Republican lobbyist Wayne Valis. The prerequisite for joining, he wrote in a memo, was that members "must agree to support the Bush energy proposal in its entirety and not lobby for changes." Within two months, members had contributed more than $1 million. The price for disloyalty was expulsion from the coalition and possible reprisal by the administration. "I have been advised," wrote Valis, "that this White House 'will have a long memory.' "</div><div>
</div><div>The plan represents a massive transfer of wealth from the public to the energy sector. Indeed, Bush views his massive tax cuts as a way of helping Americans pay for inflated energy bills. "If I had my way," he declared, "I'd have [the tax cuts] in place tomorrow so that people would have money in their pockets to deal with high energy prices."</div><div>
</div><div><b>Looting the Commons</b></div><div>
</div><div>Although congress will have its final vote on the plan in November, the White House has already devised ways to implement most of its worst provisions without congressional interference. In October 2001, the administration removed the Interior Department's power to veto mining permits, even if the mining would cause "substantial and irreparable harm" to the environment. That December, Bush and congressional Republicans passed an "economic-stimulus package" that proposed $2.4 billion worth of tax breaks, credits and loopholes for Chevron, Texaco, Enron and General Electric. The following February, the White House announced it would abandon regulations for three major pollutants -- mercury, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide.</div><div>
</div><div>Early in the Bush administration, Vice President Cheney had solicited an industry wish list from the United States Energy Association, the lobbying arm for trade associations including the American Petroleum Institute, the National Mining Association, the Nuclear Energy Institute and the Edison Institute. The USEA responded by providing 105 specific recommendations from its members for plundering our natural resources and polluting America's air and water. In a speech to the group in June 2002, Energy Secretary Abraham reported that the administration had already implemented three-quarters of the industry's recommendations and predicted the rest would pass through Congress shortly.</div><div>
</div><div>On August 27th, 2002 -- while most of America was heading off for a Labor Day weekend -- the administration announced that it would redefine carbon dioxide, the primary cause of global warming, so that it would no longer be considered a pollutant and would therefore not be subject to regulation under the Clean Air Act. The next day, the White House repealed the act's "new source review" provision, which requires companies to modernize pollution control when they modify their plants.</div><div>
</div><div>According to the National Academy of Sciences, the White House rollback will cause 30,000 Americans to die prematurely each year. Although the regulation will probably be reversed in the courts, the damage will have been done, and power utilities such as Southern Co. will escape criminal prosecution. As soon as the new regulations were announced, John Pemberton, chief of staff to the EPA's assistant administrator for air, left the agency to work for Southern. The EPA's congressional office chief also left, to join Southern's lobbying shop, Bracewell, Patterson.</div><div>
</div><div>By summer 2003, the White House had become a virtual pi-ata for energy moguls. In August, the administration proposed limiting the authority of states to object to offshore-drilling decisions, and it ordered federal land managers across the West to ease environmental restrictions for oil and gas drilling in national forests. The White House also proposed removing federal protections for most American wetlands and streams. As an astounded Republican, Rep. Christopher Shays, told me, "It's almost like they want to alienate people who care about the environment, as if they believe that this will help them with their core."</div><div>
</div><div>EPA: From Bad to Worse</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On August 30th, president bush nominated Utah's three-term<b> Republican Gov. Mike Leavitt to replace his beleaguered EPA head, Christine Todd Whitman,</b> who was driven from office, humiliated in even her paltry efforts to moderate the pillage. In October, Leavitt was confirmed by the Senate.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Like Gale Norton, Leavitt has a winning personality and a disastrous environmental record.</span> Under his leadership, Utah tied for last as the state with the worst environmental enforcement record and ranked second-worst (behind Texas) for both air quality and toxic releases. As governor, Leavitt displayed the same contempt for science that has characterized the Bush administration. He fired more than seventy scientists employed by state agencies for producing studies that challenged his political agenda. He fired a state enforcement officer who penalized one of Leavitt's family fish farms for introducing whirling disease into Utah, devastating the state's wild-trout populations.</div><div>
</div><div>Leavitt has a penchant for backdoor deals to please corporate polluters. Last year he resurrected a frivolous and moribund Utah lawsuit against the Interior Department and then settled the suit behind closed doors without public involvement, stripping 6 million acres of wilderness protections. This track record does not reflect the independence, sense of stewardship and respect for science and law that most Americans have the right to expect in our nation's chief environmental guardian.</div><div>
</div><div>The Threat to Democracy</div><div>
</div><div>Generations of Americans will pay the Republican campaign debt to the energy industry with global instability, depleted national coffers and increased vulnerability to price shocks in the oil market.</div><div>
</div><div>They will also pay with reduced prosperity and quality of life at home. Pollution from power plants and traffic smog will continue to skyrocket. Carbon-dioxide emissions will aggravate global warming. Acid rain from Midwestern coal plants has already sterilized half the lakes in the Adirondacks and destroyed the forest cover in the high peaks of the Appalachian range up into Canada. The administration's attacks on science and the law have put something even greater at risk. Americans need to recognize that we are facing not just a threat to our environment but to our values, and to our democracy.</div><div>
</div><div>Growing up, I was taught that communism leads to dictatorship and capitalism to democracy. But as we've seen from the the Bush administration, the latter proposition does not always hold. While free markets tend to democratize a society, unfettered capitalism leads invariably to corporate control of government.</div><div>
</div><div>America's most visionary leaders have long warned against allowing corporate power to dominate the political landscape. In 1863, in the depths of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln lamented, "I have the Confederacy before me and the bankers behind me, and I fear the bankers most." Franklin Roosevelt echoed that sentiment when he warned that "the liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than their democratic state itself. That, in its essence, is fascism -- ownership of government by an individual, by a group or by any controlling power."</div><div>
</div><div>Today, more than ever, it is critical for American citizens to understand the difference between the free-market capitalism that made our country great and the corporate cronyism that is now corrupting our political process, strangling democracy and devouring our national treasures.</div><div>
</div><div><b>Corporate capitalists do not want free markets, they want dependable profits, and their surest route is to crush competition by controlling government. </b>The rise of fascism across Europe in the 1930s offers many informative lessons on how corporate power can undermine a democracy. In Spain, Germany and Italy, industrialists allied themselves with right-wing leaders who used the provocation of terrorist attacks, continual wars, and invocations of patriotism and homeland security to tame the press, muzzle criticism by opponents and turn government over to corporate control. Those governments tapped industrial executives to run ministries and poured government money into corporate coffers with lucrative contracts to prosecute wars and build infrastructure. They encouraged friendly corporations to swallow media outlets, and they enriched the wealthiest classes, privatized the commons and pared down constitutional rights, creating short-term prosperity through pollution-based profits and constant wars. Benito Mussolini's inside view of this process led him to complain that "fascism should really be called 'corporatism.' "</div><div>
</div><div>While the European democracies unraveled into fascism, America confronted the same devastating Depression by reaffirming its democracy. It enacted minimum-wage and Social Security laws to foster a middle class, passed income taxes and anti-trust legislation to limit the power of corporations and the wealthy, and commissioned parks, public lands and museums to create employment and safeguard the commons.</div><div>
</div><div>The best way to judge the effectiveness of a democracy is to measure how it allocates the goods of the land: Does the government protect the commonwealth on behalf of all the community members, or does it allow wealth and political clout to steal the commons from the people?</div><div>
</div><div>Today, George W. Bush and his court are treating our country as a grab bag for the robber barons, doling out the commons to large polluters. Last year, as the calamitous rollbacks multiplied, the corporate-owned TV networks devoted less than four percent of their news minutes to environmental stories. If they knew the truth, most Americans would share my fury that this president is allowing his corporate cronies to steal America from our children.</div><div> </div><div>
</div><div></div><div><b>W<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">ho Not to Pick for the EPA’s Science Advisory Board</span></b></div><div><b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
</span></b></div><div class="username" style="margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; padding: 0px; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="genna-reed" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/author/genna-reed" title="Posts by Genna Reed" rel="author" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">GENNA REED</a>,</span> LEAD SCIENCE AND POLICY ANALYST | SEPTEMBER 26, 2017, 3:27 PM EDT</font></div><div class="php-widget-top" data-user="genna-reed" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html" style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px;"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="the_author_nickname" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></div></div></div><div class="article-content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 866px; clear: both;"><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In its effort to fill fifteen positions on the Science Advisory Board, the EPA <a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebProjectsCurrentBOARD/09ED9DB7B1C5BFF18525814B00711533/$File/SAB%202017%20biosketches%20LOC%20post%2009062017.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">has posted a list </a>of 132 nominees to be a part of the esteemed <a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabpeople.nsf/WebCommittees/BOARD" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">EPA Science Advisory Board (SAB</a>). The SAB is a group of over forty scientists, experts in a range of disciplines, who provide peer review and expert advice on EPA issue areas.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">While many of the nominees are highly qualified and distinguished in their fields, there are a handful of individuals that are extremely concerning due to their direct financial conflicts, their lack of experience and/or their historical opposition to the work of the EPA in advancing its mission to protect public health and the environment.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span id="more-53972" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></font></p><div id="attachment_53975" class="wp-caption alignright" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 17px 17px; padding: 5px; float: right; text-align: center; max-width: 370px;"><img class=" wp-image-53975" src="http://blog.ucsusa.org/wp-content/uploads/SABest.png" alt="" width="360" height="377" srcset="https://cdn.blog.ucsusa.org/wp-content/uploads/SABest.png 578w, https://cdn.blog.ucsusa.org/wp-content/uploads/SABest-286x300.png 286w, https://cdn.blog.ucsusa.org/wp-content/uploads/SABest-105x110.png 105w" sizes="(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: none; display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto;" /><p class="wp-caption-text" style="margin: 0px 0px 25px; padding: 13px 0px 16px 5px; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: left; font-style: italic; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(153, 153, 153);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The SAB was established by the Environmental Research, Development, and Demonstration Authorization Act of 1978 and operates as a federal advisory committee under the Federal Advisory Committee Act of 1972. Note that board members should be experts in their fields, with the training and experience to evaluate EPA-relevant scientific and technical matters. Source: U.S. GPO</font></p></div><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Many of these concerning individuals </span><a href="https://www.eenews.net/climatewire/2017/09/14/stories/1060060647" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">were nominated by</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Heartland Institute—an organization that has </span><a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/brenda-ekwurzel/deja-vu-all-over-again-heartland-institute-peddling-misinformation-to-teachers-about-climate-change" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">actively worked to sow doubt</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> about climate change science—and have the seal of approval by</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Trump EPA transition team member and Heartland staffer, <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/the-wall-street-journal-gets-it-wrong-on-epa-scientific-integrityagain" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Steve Milloy</a>. When <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060060647" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">interviewed</a> about some of the names on the nominee list, Milloy said that he is glad that EPA administrator Scott Pruitt is in office since he’ll be brave enough to reconstitute the SAB. A “thumbs up” from Milloy is an immediate red flag for me.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">My colleague, Andrew Rosenberg, categorized questionable political appointees in three distinct buckets<a href="https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiC4MTHxb7WAhUGSRoKHT0TDNAQFggoMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.ucsusa.org%2Fandrew-rosenberg%2Fbringing-down-the-house-a-hostile-takeover-of-science-based-policymaking-by-trump-appointees&usg=AFQjCNHxe5146jpbje5w-Fw913CgI6a8kw" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">: the conflicted, the opposed, and the unqualified</a>.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> The same can be said of nominees for the SAB. You don’t have to dig too deep to find individuals who may appear to be qualified on paper, but have a track record of undermining the work of the EPA and advancing policies that benefit special interests over the general public. Appointing these individuals to the SAB would be in direct opposition to the critical work of the SAB itself and to the EPA’s mission.</span></font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Take Dr. <b>Michael Honeycutt, lead toxicologist at the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality,</b> for example. <a href="https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060042130" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Industry representatives,</a> including at the American Chemistry Council, ExxonMobil, and the Texas Oil and Gas Association <a href="http://www.houstonpress.com/news/controversial-tceq-scientist-aims-for-epa-panel-seat-8658954" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">launched a campaign</a> to get Honeycutt appointed to the CASAC in 2016, which fortunately was unsuccessful. Now Honeycutt’s name is on the list for the SAB.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">He co-authored an article in 2015 that argued that available science did not support the EPA’s assertion that tighter ozone standards would provide significant public health benefits. In criticizing the scientific studies used by the EPA, Honeycutt has cherrypicked studies to exaggerate uncertainty on risks of ozone pollution, including making hay of the argument that ozone pollution isn’t a huge issue because “most people spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors,” which has been picked up and spouted off by climate deniers, like <a href="https://www.forbes.com/2010/01/26/environmental-protection-agency-ozone-science-opinions-contributors-michael-fumento.html" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Michael Fumento</a>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Honeycutt has also served on the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927092649/http:/www.allianceforrisk.org:80/ARA_About_ARA.htm" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">steering committee of the Alliance for Risk Assessment</a> (ARA), along with President Trump’s nominee to head the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/science/epa-chemical-industry-dourson.html?mcubz=1&_r=0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Michael Dourson.</a> The ARA was created by the <a href="https://insideclimatenews.org/news/20141219/one-stop-science-shop-has-become-favorite-industry%E2%80%94and-texas" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">TERA</a>, an organization founded by Dourson that does research for industry and maintains a database of risk assessments.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">According to <a href="http://www.tera.org/about/2015%20Funding.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">its website</a>, about a third of TERA’s funding comes from the private sector, including the American Chemistry Council and Coca-Cola. Rena Steinzor, professor at the University of Maryland School of Law has accused TERA of <a href="https://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/12/19/16546/one-stop-science-shop-has-become-favorite-industry-and-texas" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">“whitewashing the work of industry.”</a> The <a href="https://wallacehouse.umich.edu/wp-content-uploads/2016/02/song.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">TCEQ has awarded TERA</a> at least $700,000 in contracts between 2010 and 2014.  As a steering committee member, Honeycutt oversaw ARA scientific reviews of TCEQ work. While Honeycutt claims that he recused himself from those projects, the quagmire of ties between TCEQ, ARA, and TERA are hard to dispute, especially when you consider that during those same years, the <a href="https://wallacehouse.umich.edu/wp-content-uploads/2016/02/song.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">TCEQ loosened two-thirds of the already-weak protections</a> for the 45 chemicals it chose to reassess between 2007 and 2014. In 2013, The TCEQ <a href="http://www.houstonchronicle.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/TCEQ-funded-ozone-research-under-scrutiny-6351799.php" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">paid $1.6 million to another industry-friendly consulting firm, Gradient</a>, to review EPA’s science on ozone.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Honeycutt has spent his career at TCEQ politicizing the EPA and actively working to obstruct science used to inform important standards at the agency, so it seems out of character for him to want so badly to be a member of an EPA science advisory committee. Unless, of course, he is interested in the platform or the ability to provide formal advice to his personal friend, Michael Dourson.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">What does Honeycutt have in common with fellow nominee, Dr. John Graham?</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> </span></b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Under Graham’s leadership in January 2006, The White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) released a proposed<a href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/omb/inforeg/proposed_risk_assessment_bulletin_010906.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;"> Risk Assessment Bulletin</a> which would have covered any scientific or technical document assessing human health or environmental risks.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">OMB asked the National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent review of the document. <a href="https://www.nap.edu/catalog/11811/scientific-review-of-the-proposed-risk-assessment-bulletin-from-the-office-of-management-and-budget" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Its study</a> gave the OMB a failing grade, calling the guidance a “fundamentally flawed” document which, if implemented, would have a high potential for negative impacts on the practice of risk assessment in the federal government. Among the reasons for their conclusions was that the bulletin oversimplified the degree of uncertainty that agencies must factor into all of their evaluations of risk. This idea for standardized risk assessment is of interest to regulatory reform advocates like Graham and has made its way into the dangerous <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/one-of-many-risks-of-the-regulatory-accountability-act-flawed-risk-assessment-guidelines" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Regulatory Accountability Act</a> in Congress and into the new toxic substances rules under the Frank Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.4em;">st</span> Century Act that Graham’s protégé and former ACC staffer, Nancy Beck, is now crafting from her position as Deputy Assistant Administrator of the EPA.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Before his stint at OMB, Graham led the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis, which notably skewed risk analyses in favor of industry: costs saved by not regulating versus lives saved regulating. In one case, Graham’s OMB rejected a National Highway Transportation Safety Administration rule that would reduce the toll of vehicle rollovers by requiring that automakers install tire pressure warning systems. Graham made this decision despite the direct conflict of interest as his Harvard think tank <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/05/10/for-bushs-regulatory-czar-the-equation-is-persuasion/0b6695ee-bfe4-438b-9c4e-4e8c307e3b8e/?utm_term=.8ef01ab29654" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">was funded by</a> General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co., Volvo Car Corp. and the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another individual that the SAB should steer clear of is Dr. Richard Belzer, an agricultural economist and, like Graham, is a cost-benefit-analysis enthusiast who worked for the OMB’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) from 1988 to 1998. In 2000, <a href="https://object.cato.org/sites/cato.org/files/serials/files/regulation/2000/10/lutter.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Belzer criticized SAB’s role</a> in peer reviewing the <a href="https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">EPA’s evaluation of costs and benefits of the Clean Air Act</a>. Belzer and his co-author called SAB’s reviews “ineffective” because, in their opinion, they couldn’t force the agency to change the direction of policy.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Belzer appears to misunderstand the purpose of the SAB which is to simply advise the agency on its science. The EPA has the discretion to heed that advice and apply it to policies. SAB members are not decision-makers, they are esteemed scientists whose expertise is best suited to evaluate scientific considerations, not political ones. In 2010, Belzer participated in <a href="http://www.aei.org/events/the-epas-ambitious-regulatory-agenda/" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">a panel on “The EPA’s Ambitious Regulatory Agenda”</a> sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute, the description of which includes the erroneous statement: “all major EPA decisions are contentious.” According to <a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/0/09ED9DB7B1C5BFF18525814B00711533/%24File/SAB%202017%20biosketches%20LOC%20post%2009062017.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">his bio</a>, his clients include ExxonMobil and American Chemistry Council. And speaking of American Chemistry Council…</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Kimberly White,</b> senior director of chemical products and technology at the ACC is among those nominated to serve on the SAB. She has been summoned by House Science Committee Majority Staff, Lamar Smith, to testify at the hearing called <a href="https://science.house.gov/sites/republicans.science.house.gov/files/documents/HHRG-115-SY-WState-KWhite-20170207.pdf" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">“Making EPA Great Again”</a> earlier this year where she spoke about the need to improve the SAB’s transparency and peer review methods and accused the EPA of being too involved in the SAB’s peer review process: “conversations that are happening in that peer review get stymied by [the] EPA’s input during the peer-review process so it’s not as independent as it should be.”</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">She also agreed when one member of congress suggested that the SAB was not truly balanced and that there should be a devil’s advocate on the committee. Perhaps Dr. White wants to fill that very role. The problem with that, however, is that the American Chemistry Council and her previous employer, the <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/john-rogers/american-petroleum-institute-regresses-with-all-fossils-all-the-time-plan" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">American Petroleum Institute</a>, are organizations that actively work to spread disinformation about a range of scientific topics to thwart the EPA’s work to keep us safe. Dr. White has <a href="https://chemicalwatch.com/57802/acc-calls-for-inclusion-of-industry-analysis-in-formaldehyde-assessment" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">criticized</a> an EPA assessment on formaldehyde, for example, because it wasn’t inclusive enough of science. Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen and <a href="http://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/american-chemistry-council-obstructing-formaldehyde-safeguards-then-and-now" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">thanks in large part to ACC</a>, the EPA’s emissions standard for wood products set to be enforced in December has been delayed at least four months.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Who Pruitt appoints for the fifteen open positions will be a test to see whether he is going to continue seeking exclusive counsel from polluters. There are a handful of qualified scientists who have only served one term that can be easily reappointed for a second, which is common practice for the board. For the sake of continuity, it would behoove Pruitt to keep those experts on. For the other positions, it would be in the agency’s best interest for Pruitt to choose a balanced roster of new members from the dozens of well-qualified scientists on the list, rather than stack the committee with folks who have spent their careers working to undermine the mission of the EPA and weaken policies that are supposed to keep us safe.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All members of the public can submit comments encouraging the EPA to appoint independent and qualified scientists as advisors. You have until Thursday, September 28<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; top: -0.4em;">th</span> at 11:59pm to email your comment to Thomas Carpenter, the Designated Federal Officer of the SAB, at <a href="mailto:carpenter.thomas@epa.gov" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">carpenter.thomas@epa.gov</a>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 30px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Posted in: <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/category/science-and-democracy" rel="category tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Science and Democracy</a> Tags: <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/american-chemistry-council" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">American Chemistry Council</a>, <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/american-petroleum-institute" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">American Petroleum Institute</a>, <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/epa-science-advisory-board" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">EPA Science Advisory Board</a>, <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/heartland-institute" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Heartland Institute</a>, <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/oira" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">OIRA</a>, <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/regulatory-reform" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Regulatory Reform</a>, <a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/tag/science-advisory-committees" rel="tag" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">Science Advisory Committees</a></font></p></div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" /><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAIQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFSgAMAB6BAgCEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAAegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAAegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAAegQIAhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">The Fix Is In: EPA Packs Science Advisory Boards with Industry ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?ei=w5ZcXZihF8eMsQXhybXAAw&q=john+graham+SAB+&oq=john+graham+SAB+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...119493.123363..124732...0.0..0.305.1904.0j7j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz.......33i160.86Ld6openUM&ved=0ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ4dUDCAo&uact=5#" id="am-b0" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQ7B0wAHoECAIQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; 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z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:DYCB89T5y78J:https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:DYCB89T5y78J:https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/news/epa-packs-sab-with-industry/%2B%26cd%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQIDAAegQIAhAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Nov 3, 2017 - </span>Both the <span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span> and the CASAC were created by Congress in the 1970s to provide ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">John</span> D. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham</span> also has a dangerous ideological agenda.</span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFSgAMAF6BAgEEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjABegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Who Not to Pick for the EPA's Science Advisory Board - Union of ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://blog.ucsusa.org/.../who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-b...</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?ei=w5ZcXZihF8eMsQXhybXAAw&q=john+graham+SAB+&oq=john+graham+SAB+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...119493.123363..124732...0.0..0.305.1904.0j7j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz.......33i160.86Ld6openUM&ved=0ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ4dUDCAo&uact=5#" id="am-b1" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQ7B0wAXoECAQQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; 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z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:ZpNvKS63Y8cJ:https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board+&cd=2&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:ZpNvKS63Y8cJ:https://blog.ucsusa.org/genna-reed/who-not-to-pick-for-the-epas-science-advisory-board%2B%26cd%3D2%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQIDABegQIBBAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Sep 26, 2017 - </span>The <span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span> is a group of over forty scientists, experts in a range of ... does Honeycutt have in common with fellow nominee, Dr. <span style="font-weight: bold;">John Graham</span>?</span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFSgAMAJ6BAgDEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/30/in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-scientists-who-receive-agency-funding-from-serving-as-advisers/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/30/in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-scientists-who-receive-agency-funding-from-serving-as-advisers/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjACegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/30/in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-scientists-who-receive-agency-funding-from-serving-as-advisers/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/30/in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-scientists-who-receive-agency-funding-from-serving-as-advisers/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjACegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/30/in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-scientists-who-receive-agency-funding-from-serving-as-advisers/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/10/30/in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-scientists-who-receive-agency-funding-from-serving-as-advisers/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjACegQIAxAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">In unprecedented move, EPA to block scientists who get agency ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.washingtonpost.com/.../in-unprecedented-shift-epa-to-prohibit-s...</cite></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Oct 30, 2017 - </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">John</span> D. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham</span>, who now serves as dean of Indiana University's ... would allow for a dialogue on how best the <span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span> can work to ensure the ...</span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAAQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFSgAMAN6BAgAEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/04/pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-industry-experts-conservatives-to-the-mix/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/04/pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-industry-experts-conservatives-to-the-mix/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjADegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/04/pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-industry-experts-conservatives-to-the-mix/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/04/pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-industry-experts-conservatives-to-the-mix/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjADegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/04/pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-industry-experts-conservatives-to-the-mix/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/11/04/pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-industry-experts-conservatives-to-the-mix/&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjADegQIABAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">EPA's new science advisers add more industry experts, conservatives ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.washingtonpost.com/.../pruitts-new-science-advisers-add-more-i...</cite></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Nov 4, 2017 - </span>The 44-member <span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span> has two representatives from environmental groups: the ... <span style="font-weight: bold;">John</span> D. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham</span>, who worked to raise the bar for new federal ...</span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFSgAMAR6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="sFZIhb b w xsm" style="font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; margin: 0px 3px 0px 0px; float: left;">[PDF]</span><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/$File/EPA-SAB-18-003+Unsigned.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/%24File/EPA-SAB-18-003%2BUnsigned.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAEegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/$File/EPA-SAB-18-003+Unsigned.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/%24File/EPA-SAB-18-003%2BUnsigned.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAEegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/$File/EPA-SAB-18-003+Unsigned.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/%24File/EPA-SAB-18-003%2BUnsigned.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAEegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">June 28, 2018 EPA-SAB-18-003 The Honorable E. Scott Pruitt ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.../EPA-SAB-18-003+Unsigned.pdf</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?ei=w5ZcXZihF8eMsQXhybXAAw&q=john+graham+SAB+&oq=john+graham+SAB+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...119493.123363..124732...0.0..0.305.1904.0j7j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz.......33i160.86Ld6openUM&ved=0ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ4dUDCAo&uact=5#" id="am-b4" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQ7B0wBHoECAEQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQqR8wBHoECAEQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:R6AklCZ2gcsJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/%24File/EPA-SAB-18-003%2BUnsigned.pdf+&cd=5&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:R6AklCZ2gcsJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/LookupWebReportsLastMonthBOARD/4ECB44CA28936083852582BB004ADE54/%2524File/EPA-SAB-18-003%252BUnsigned.pdf%2B%26cd%3D5%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQIDAEegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Jun 28, 2018 - </span>Subject: Science Advisory Board (<span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span>) Consideration of EPA .... Dr. <span style="font-weight: bold;">John</span> D. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham</span>, Dean, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, ...</span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAYQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFSgAMAV6BAgGEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAFegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAFegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQFjAFegQIBhAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Trump-Pruitt EPA Vets Industry Anti-Scientists for SAB | NRDC</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.nrdc.org/.../trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?ei=w5ZcXZihF8eMsQXhybXAAw&q=john+graham+SAB+&oq=john+graham+SAB+&gs_l=psy-ab.3...119493.123363..124732...0.0..0.305.1904.0j7j2j1......0....1..gws-wiz.......33i160.86Ld6openUM&ved=0ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ4dUDCAo&uact=5#" id="am-b5" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQ7B0wBXoECAYQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQqR8wBXoECAYQAw" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:cnNX0fOJ_uoJ:https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:cnNX0fOJ_uoJ:https://www.nrdc.org/experts/jennifer-sass/trump-pruitt-epa-vets-industry-anti-scientists-sab%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwj5iJeY4ZLkAhVBUKwKHYj1CyoQIDAFegQIBhAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Sep 28, 2017 - </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">John Graham</span> - Founding director of the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis which was partially supported by tobacco, chemical, pharma and ...</span></div></div></div></div></div><div>---</div><div>819   john graham SAB epa dioxin</div><div>
</div><div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAEQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAB6BAgBEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/$File/ec01006.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAAegQIARAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">dioxin reassessment – an sab review of the office of research and ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/.../$File/ec01006.pdf</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&oq=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&aqs=chrome..69i57.9127j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b0" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ7B0wAHoECAEQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQqR8wAHoECAEQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BRMcpRTZ9SkJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BRMcpRTZ9SkJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%2524File/ec01006.pdf%2B%26cd%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAAegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BRMcpRTZ9SkJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BRMcpRTZ9SkJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%2524File/ec01006.pdf%2B%26cd%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAAegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">May 31, 2001 - </span>In April 1991, the US <span style="font-weight: bold;">Environmental Protection Agency</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">EPA</span>) announced ... The <span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB Dioxin</span> Reassessment Review Subcommittee (DRRS) (of the <span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span> .... <span style="font-weight: bold;">JOHN GRAHAM</span>, Professor of Policy and Decision Sciences, Harvard ...</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAMQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAF6BAgDEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:BRMcpRTZ9SkJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%24File/ec01006.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:BRMcpRTZ9SkJ:https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/C3B2E34A9CD7E9388525718D005FD3D2/%2524File/ec01006.pdf%2B%26cd%3D1%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAAegQIARAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="sFZIhb b w xsm" style="font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; margin: 0px 3px 0px 0px; float: left;">[PDF]</span></a><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjABegQIAxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">EPA's Reanalysis of Key Issues Related to Dioxin Toxicity and ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/.../dioxinv1sup.pdf</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&oq=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&aqs=chrome..69i57.9127j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b1" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ7B0wAXoECAMQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQqR8wAXoECAMQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf+john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQHzABegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=related:https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/supdocs/dioxinv1sup.pdf+john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&tbo=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQHzABegQIAxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;">provided to <span style="font-weight: bold;">EPA's Science Advisory Board</span> (<span style="font-weight: bold;">SAB</span>) for independent external peer .... The H. <span style="font-weight: bold;">John</span> Heinz III Professor of Environmental Engineering, Department of ...... Evans, JS; Gray, GM; Sielken, RL; Smith, AE; Valdez-Flores, C; <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham</span>, JD.</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAQQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAJ6BAgEEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjACegQIBBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">re-evaluating dioxin: science advisory board's review of ... - epa nepis</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=600007PJ.TXT</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&oq=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&aqs=chrome..69i57.9127j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b2" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ7B0wAnoECAQQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQqR8wAnoECAQQAw" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:uAPC4tEb78IJ:https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:uAPC4tEb78IJ:https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%253FDockey%253D600007PJ.TXT%2B%26cd%3D3%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDACegQIBBAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:uAPC4tEb78IJ:https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:uAPC4tEb78IJ:https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%253FDockey%253D600007PJ.TXT%2B%26cd%3D3%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDACegQIBBAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;">United States <span style="font-weight: bold;">Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board</span> ... KS Dr. Ronald W. Estabrook, The University of Texas, Dallas, TX Dr. <span style="font-weight: bold;">John Graham</span>, ...</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAcQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAN6BAgHEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:uAPC4tEb78IJ:https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%3FDockey%3D600007PJ.TXT+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:uAPC4tEb78IJ:https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi%253FDockey%253D600007PJ.TXT%2B%26cd%3D3%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDACegQIBBAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="sFZIhb b w xsm" style="font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; margin: 0px 3px 0px 0px; float: left;">[PDF]</span></a><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjADegQIBxAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">The Honorable John Graham - House Committee on Science, Space ...</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%20Testimony.pdf</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&oq=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&aqs=chrome..69i57.9127j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b3" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ7B0wA3oECAcQAw" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQqR8wA3oECAcQBA" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:mnoGjL97NE8J:https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:mnoGjL97NE8J:https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%252520Testimony.pdf%2B%26cd%3D4%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDADegQIBxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:mnoGjL97NE8J:https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%2520Testimony.pdf+&cd=4&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:mnoGjL97NE8J:https://science.house.gov/imo/media/doc/Graham%252520Testimony.pdf%2B%26cd%3D4%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDADegQIBxAF" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Feb 11, 2014 - </span>Statement of <span style="font-weight: bold;">John</span> D. <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham</span>, Ph.D., Dean, School of Public and Environmental. Affairs ... contributions of <span style="font-weight: bold;">EPA's Science Advisory Board</span>. In the late ... particulate matter, <span style="font-weight: bold;">dioxin</span>, TCE, formaldehyde, to name just a few. A more ...</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAgQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAR6BAgIEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/07/16/graham-flunks-the-cost-benefit-test/4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03e8a82df9a1/&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAEegQICBAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">Graham Flunks The Cost-Benefit Test - The Washington Post</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.washingtonpost.com/.../graham.../4a4af210-df8b-4137-b9b3-03...</cite></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Jul 16, 2001 - </span>Is a little bit of <span style="font-weight: bold;">dioxin</span> good for you? <span style="font-weight: bold;">John Graham</span> thinks it might be. ... in the <span style="font-weight: bold;">Environmental Protection Agency's Science Advisory Board</span> ...</span></div></div></div></div><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 27px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div data-hveid="CAUQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAV6BAgFEAA"><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAFegQIBRAB" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">USA: The Dioxin Deception | corpwatch</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception</cite></div><div class="action-menu ab_ctl" style="display: inline; position: relative; margin: 1px 3px 0px; user-select: none; vertical-align: middle;"><a class="GHDvEf ab_button" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&oq=john+graham+SAB+epa+dioxin&aqs=chrome..69i57.9127j0j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#" id="am-b5" aria-label="Result Options" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" role="button" jsaction="m.tdd;keydown:m.hbke;keypress:m.mskpe" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQ7B0wBXoECAUQAg" style="border-radius: 0px; cursor: default; font-weight: bold; height: 12px; line-height: 27px; margin: 1px 0px 2px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; transition: none 0s ease 0s; user-select: none; background-image: none; border: 0px; box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 0px; filter: none; width: 13px; text-decoration-line: none; display: inline-block;"><span class="mn-dwn-arw" style="border-color: rgb(0, 102, 33) transparent; border-style: solid; border-width: 5px 4px 0px; width: 0px; height: 0px; margin-left: 3px; top: 7.5px; margin-top: -4px; position: absolute; left: 0px;" /></a><div class="action-menu-panel ab_dropdown" role="menu" tabindex="-1" jsaction="keydown:m.hdke;mouseover:m.hdhne;mouseout:m.hdhue" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQqR8wBXoECAUQAw" style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2); padding: 0px; position: absolute; right: auto; top: 12px; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 3; transition: opacity 0.218s ease 0s; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 2px 4px; left: 0px; visibility: hidden;"><ol style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px;"><li class="action-menu-item ab_dropdownitem" role="menuitem" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; list-style: none; user-select: none; cursor: pointer;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /></li></ol></div></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Apr 3, 2001 - </span>One panel member, <span style="font-weight: bold;">John Graham</span>, the director of the Harvard Center ... However, the <span style="font-weight: bold;">EPA's</span> 2000 draft report on <span style="font-weight: bold;">dioxin</span> health risks reports that ...</span></a></div></div></div></div><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span id="fld" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></a><div class="g" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><div data-hveid="CAkQAA" data-ved="2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFSgAMAZ6BAgJEAA"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><div class="rc" style="position: relative;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;" /><div class="r" style="margin: 0px; line-height: 1.57;"><a class="fl" href="https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception+&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search%3Fq%3Dcache:yCbgI3NPVKIJ:https://corpwatch.org/article/usa-dioxin-deception%2B%26cd%3D6%26hl%3Den%26ct%3Dclnk%26gl%3Dus&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQIDAFegQIBRAE" style="text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer; display: block; padding: 7px 18px; outline: 0px;"><span class="sFZIhb b w xsm" style="font-weight: bold; cursor: auto; margin: 0px 3px 0px 0px; float: left;">[PDF]</span></a><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><h3 class="LC20lb" style="font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline-flex; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.3;"><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><div class="ellip" style="overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;" /><a href="https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf" ping="/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjYjtvb4JLkAhVHRqwKHeFkDTgQFjAGegQICRAC" style="cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none;">who is john graham? - Public Citizen</a></div></h3>
<div class="TbwUpd" style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.57; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-top: 1px;"><cite class="iUh30" style="font-style: normal; padding-top: 1px; line-height: 1.5;">https://www.citizen.org/sites/default/files/grahamrpt.pdf</cite></div></div><div class="s" style="max-width: 48em; line-height: 1.57;"><span class="st" style="line-height: 1.57; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="f" style="line-height: 1.57;">Jun 16, 1994 - </span>Appendix C: <span style="font-weight: bold;">Graham's</span> Record on the <span style="font-weight: bold;">EPA's Dioxin Science Advisory Board</span>. 109. Appendix D: Risk Assessment and Risk Management. 110.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
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