Credit Suisse

<div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2 22 an common dr</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A whistleblower leak to German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung and other media led to reporting on Sunday revealing that <b>Credit Suisse—one of the world’s biggest private banks—knowingly accepted “corrupt autocrats, suspected war criminals and human traffickers, drug dealers and other criminals” as customers.</b></font></div><div>
</div><div>Data on more than 18,000 bank accounts, holding more than $100 billion was leaked. The accounts included personal, shared and corporate accounts with opened as far back as the 1940s.</div><div>
</div><div>Nearly 50 media outlets have spent months investigating the data.</div><div>
</div><div>The German daily said it received the leaked data anonymously through a secure digital mailbox over a year ago. The newspaper says it didn’t make any payment or promises for the leak.</div><div>
</div><div>The newspaper said it evaluated the data with the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project and media partners including The New York Times and The Guardian.</div><div>
</div><div>The Guardian reported:</div><div>
</div><div>We can reveal how Credit Suisse repeatedly either opened or maintained bank accounts for a panoramic array of high-risk clients across the world.</div><div>
</div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">They include a human trafficker in the Philippines, a Hong Kong stock exchange boss jailed for bribery, a billionaire who ordered the murder of his Lebanese pop star girlfriend and executives who looted Venezuela’s state oil company, as well as corrupt politicians from Egypt to Ukraine.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">One Vatican-owned account in the data was used to spend €350m (£290m) in an allegedly fraudulent investment in London property that is at the center of an ongoing criminal trial of several defendants, including a cardinal.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">The New York Times reported:</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">
</span></div><div><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Among the people listed as holding amounts worth millions of dollars in Credit Suisse accounts were <b>King Abdullah II of Jordan and the two sons of the former Egyptian strongman Hosni Mubarak. </b>Other account holders included sons of a <b>Pakistani intelligence chief who helped funnel billions of dollars from the United States and other countries to the mujahedeen in Afghanistan</b> in the 1980s and <b>Venezuelan officials ensnared in a long-running corruption scandal.</b></span></div><div>
</div><div>The leak shows that Credit Suisse opened accounts for and continued to serve not only the ultrawealthy but also people whose problematic backgrounds would have been obvious to anyone who ran their names through a search engine.</div><div>A statement published by German newspaper from the anonymous source explained their motivation for the leaks:</div><div>
</div><div><b>"I believe that Swiss banking secrecy laws are immoral. </b>The pretext of protecting financial privacy is merely a fig leaf covering the shameful role of Swiss banks as <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">collaborators of tax evaders."</span></div><div>
</div><div>“This situation enables corruption and starves developing countries of much-needed tax revenue. These countries are the ones that therefore suffer most from Switzerland’s reverse-Robin-Hood stunt.”</div><div>
</div><div>“I am aware that having an offshore Swiss bank account does not necessarily imply tax evasion or any other financial crime. However, it is likely that a significant number of these accounts were opened with the sole purpose of hiding their holder’s wealth from fiscal institutions and/or avoiding the payment of taxes on capital gains.”</div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div><div><a href="https://www.drillednews.com/post/indigenous-women-accuse-credit-suisse-of-rights-violations-for-continuing-to-bankroll-fossil-fuels"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.drillednews.com/post/indigenous-women-accuse-credit-suisse-of-rights-violations-for-continuing-to-bankroll-fossil-fuels</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p class="XzvDs 208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">Karen Savage</font></span></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Three Native American women have accused the global banking giant Credit Suisse of violating the human rights of Indigenous peoples, and have asked the firm to stop financing companies that are building and maintaining two oil pipelines in the United States.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In a formal complaint filed in January with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the women said that Credit Suisse failed to ensure that the companies working on the Bayou Bridge Pipeline in Louisiana, as well the multi-state Dakota Access Pipeline, followed the organization’s guidelines for consulting with and seeking consent from nearby Indigenous communities regarding the pipelines. They also charged that by continuing to finance fossil fuel companies, Credit Suisse is worsening the climate crisis.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The complaint comes after two years of discussions with Credit Suisse, said Osprey Orielle Lake,<span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;"> </span>executive director of the Women's Earth and Climate Action Network, which partnered with two other groups to file it on the women’s behalf, Divest Invest Protect and the Indigenous Peoples Law and Policy Program at the University of Arizona. In keeping with OECD protocol, the women’s names have not been released publicly.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Every time we met with them they would say, ‘We are not investing in projects, we are only investing in the overall corporate structure of that company and giving them money — we have no say where that money goes.’ We are saying that's ridiculous. ” Lake said. “You cannot give to a company that is committing Indigenous or human rights violations and lift your hands and say, 'We have nothing to do with this because we're not involved with that project directly.'”</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Credit Suisse did not respond to a request for comment about the complaint.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Environmental groups have criticized international lenders, including Credit Suisse, for continuing to finance fossil fuel companies and projects. According to <a href="https://www.ran.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Banking_on_Climate_Change_2019_vFINAL1.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">a report released in 2019</u></a> by the Rainforest Action Network and other advocacy groups, Credit Suisse provided fossil fuel companies with nearly $57 billion in financing between 2015 and 2018, putting it in the top twenty global lenders to the sector.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The OECD, a 36-nation trade and organization that sets guidelines for “responsible business conduct,” requires all member countries to receive and review formal complaints alledging that companies have failed to follow OECD standards for human rights, workers rights, and the environment. According to OECD Watch, a human rights watchdog group, communities and non-governmental organizations have filed over 300 such complaints since 2000.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This is not the first complaint to the OECD regarding Credit Suisse. In 2017, the Society for Threatened Peoples, an international human rights organization, <a href="https://complaints.oecdwatch.org/cases/Case_475" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">filed a similar complaint</u></a> over Credit Suisse’s financing for three firms developing the Dakota Access Pipeline: Energy Transfer Partners, Energy Transfer Equity, and Sunoco Logistics.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The three companies came under fire in 2016 for rerouting the pipeline's Missouri River crossing from a site near the predominantly white city of Bismarck, North Dakota, to a site<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/previously-proposed-route-dakota-access-pipeline-rejected/story?id=43274356" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">just upstream</u></a> from the Standing Rock Sioux reservation. In response to intensifying anti-pipeline protests near the new site, the firms hired a<a href="https://www.desmogblog.com/2017/07/20/emails-bush-iraq-war-pr-delve-off-the-record-strategies-dakota-access-pipeline" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">paramilitary security contractor</u></a>, TigerSwan, which used sometimes-violent<a href="https://theintercept.com/2017/05/27/leaked-documents-reveal-security-firms-counterterrorism-tactics-at-standing-rock-to-defeat-pipeline-insurgencies/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">counterterrorism tactics</u></a> against water protectors from the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and other Native American nations, as well as other protesters.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Both the government and private sector enlisted and sanctioned dangerous and dehumanizing tactics through a taxpayer-funded, militarized law enforcement with documented human rights abuses,” Dave Archambault II, chairman of the Standing Rock Sioux,<a href="https://www.kfyrtv.com/content/news/Standing-Rock-Chairman-ETP-DAPL-Regulatory-Racism-399230721.html" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">said in a statement in late 2016. </u></a>“The aggressive acts of these forces have caused severe injuries and endangered the safety of thousands of peaceful protectors who share our goal of protecting the water.”</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To resolve that complaint Credit Suisse agreed to ensure that its corporate customers would obtain the “free, prior, and informed consent” of Indigenous peoples “when there is credible evidence that the proceeds of a project-related transaction are used for activities which may negatively impact an area used or traditionally claimed by an Indigenous community.” Under international treaties such as the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous peoples have the right to be informed of proposed projects that could affect them or their historic territories, negotiate the conditions of such projects, and give or withhold consent for them at any time.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In practice, however, Indigenous communities worldwide face ongoing struggles to uphold those rights.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The agreement is a good first step but includes a giant loophole, according to Lake, because it only applies to Credit Suisse’s<a href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/projectfinance.asp" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">project-related financing</u></a>, or funding provided for specific projects, like pipelines or other infrastructure. It doesn’t include<a href="https://www.divestopedia.com/definition/6560/corporate-finance" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">corporate finance</u></a>, which companies use for general operating expenses.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lake said by continuing to provide the companies with general funding despite the evidence of abuses related to the Dakota Access Pipeline, Credit Suisse allowed the same companies to again<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/16/water-protectors-battle-lousianas-next-pipeline" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"> <u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">harm Indigenous peoples</u></a> and the environment in 2018, during construction of the Bayou Bridge Pipeline in Louisiana. The pipeline runs under Bayou LaFourche, the source of drinking water for about 300,000 people, including the United Houma Nation and several south Louisiana parishes.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Protests against Bayou Bridge, led <a href="https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/the-fight-to-stop-the-dakota-access-pipeline-continues-in-the-bayous-of-louisiana/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">by four indigenous women</u></a>, were met with <a href="https://theappeal.org/louisiana-police-arrest-bayou-bridge-pipeline-protesters/" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">many of the same brutal tactics</u></a> as those used a year and a half earlier in North Dakota.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">"Part of the reason that we included Bayou Bridge is that even after we met with them twice — and we're talking about high-level meetings with representatives from Credit Suisse with delegations of four or five women at the time, representing the Dakota Access Pipeline, clearly explaining violations that occurred, both human Indigenous rights violations, as well as environmental and climate issues — there was no action,” Lake said. “That allowed some of the same companies that they were financing to continue and go on to the next project, which was Bayou Bridge.”</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The companies are now planning an expansion of the Dakota Access Pipeline, but have again failed to obtain consent from the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe, said Lake.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At a November hearing of the North Dakota Public Service Commission, Jon Eagle Sr., the historic preservation officer for the Standing Rock Sioux, <a href="https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/Eagle-Testimony.pdf" target="top" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="2qJYG blog-link-hashtag-color _2IYtJ" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); text-decoration-line: none; box-sizing: inherit;"><u class="sDZYg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;">testified that the tribe does not support expansion of the pipeline</u></a>. “Tribal members live every day under the risk of an oil spill that would harm the waters that sustain our people, our economy, and our spiritual lives,” Eagle told the commission. “An oil spill would foul the water that we drink, that we rely upon for our Treaty-protected subsistence hunting, fishing, and traditional plant gathering, and that provides irrigation for our farming and other economic ventures.”</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lake said Credit Suisse’s continued financing of the companies behind the pipelines is further evidence that both its internal guidelines, as well as the resolution of the 2017 complaint, have not led to recognition and observance of Indigenous rights.</font></p><div class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); box-sizing: inherit;" /></font></div><p class="XzvDs _208Ie _1dH_e blog-post-text-font blog-post-text-color _2QAo- _25MYV _3ZX8L _1dH_e" style="margin: 0px 0px 8px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.5; vertical-align: baseline; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); direction: ltr; box-sizing: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“They have not responded in any regard to what the Standing Rock Sioux have made clearly as a statement over and over and over again,” she said. “Now is the time for banks to move toward a just and sustainable future for all where the rights of Indigenous people are upheld and we protect our climate and communities.”</font></p></div><div><div style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font><div><ul style="margin: 1em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 40px; list-style-position: initial; list-style-image: initial; line-height: 14.4px; outline: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; line-height: 1.2em; outline: none; zoom: 1; text-align: left;"><a rel="nofollow" target="blank" href="http://opensecrets.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=aa7cf182bf7041258bb250f9d&id=ca0233c5c1&e=44dfb36771" style="line-height: 1.2em; outline: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Credit Suisse's On-Shore Friends</font></a></li></ul></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group</font></a><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Credit Suisse Group</b> (CSG) is <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Switzerland" title="Switzerland" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Switzerland</a>'s second largest financial services company, behind the much larger <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/UBS" title="UBS" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">UBS</a>. CSG has offices in some 50 countries. The former Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB) is now the investment banking division of CSG providing debt and equity underwriting, mergers & acquisitions, and other securities services. CSG asset management provides investment for private, government, and institutional clients. CSG has retail banking in Switzerland with about 215 branches. <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1; line-height: 19.2px;"><div id="toctitle" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="background-image: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: none; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></h2> <span class="toctoggle" style="user-select: none;"> [<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#" class="internal" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">hide</a>] </span></div><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#History" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Coal_investments" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Coal investments</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Credit_Suisse_Private_Equity" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Credit Suisse Private Equity</span></font></a><ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Loan_to_Own_Controversy" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Loan to Own Controversy</span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Political_contributions" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Political contributions</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Lobbying" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Lobbying</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Personnel" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Personnel</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#.3DOthers" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">=Others</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#Contact_details" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Contact details</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#References" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></font></a></li></ul></div><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="History"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">History</font></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1856 Credit Suisse founded</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1905 First branch (in Basel)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1940 First branch outside Switzerland (in New York)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1978 Start of co-operation with The First Boston Corporation</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1988 Controlling stake in The <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/First_Boston_Corporation" title="First Boston Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">First Boston Corporation</a></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1989 CS Holding became parent company of the Group</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1990 Acquisition of Bank Leu</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1993 Acquisition of Swiss Volksbank</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1994 Strategic alliance with Swiss Re</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1995 Strategic alliance with Winterthur Group</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1996 CS Holding becomes Credit Suisse Group</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1997 Merger with Winterthur Group</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2000 Acquisition of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Donaldson,Lufkin%26_Jenrette" title="Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette</a> (DLJ)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jan. 2002 Streamlining of the Group's organizational structure into two business units: Credit Suisse Financial Services and Credit Suisse First Boston</font></li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Coal_investments"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Coal investments</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In November 2011, Credit Suisse Group was listed as the number nine top global financier of coal-fired power plants in a report complied by various environmental groups entitled, <i>Bankrolling Climate Change: A Look into the Portfolios of the World's Largest Banks</i>. The report noted that Credit Suisse Group spent $5,833 million euros on coal plants around the world since 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[2]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Credit Suisse is a major financier of new coal plant construction. New coal-fired power plants being funded by the company include:</font></p><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Longleaf" title="Longleaf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Longleaf</a> (GA)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Council_Bluffs_Energy_Center_Unit_4" title="Council Bluffs Energy Center Unit 4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Council Bluffs Energy Center Unit 4</a> (IA)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/LS_Power_Elk_Run_Energy_Station" title="LS Power Elk Run Energy Station" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">LS Power Elk Run Energy Station</a> (IA)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Prairie_State_Energy_Campus" title="Prairie State Energy Campus" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Prairie State Energy Campus</a> (IL)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Edwardsport_Plant" title="Edwardsport Plant" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Edwardsport Plant</a> (IN)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Smith_Station" title="Smith Station" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Smith Station</a> (KY)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Thoroughbred_Generating_Station" title="Thoroughbred Generating Station" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Thoroughbred Generating Station</a> (KY)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Midland_Power_Plant" title="Midland Power Plant" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Midland Power Plant</a> (MI)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Cliffside_Plant" title="Cliffside Plant" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Cliffside Plant</a> (NC)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mustang_Energy_Project" title="Mustang Energy Project" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Mustang Energy Project</a> (NM)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/White_Pine_Energy_Station" title="White Pine Energy Station" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">White Pine Energy Station</a> (NV)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sallisaw_Project" title="Sallisaw Project" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sallisaw Project</a> (OK)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Marion_City_Project" title="Marion City Project" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Marion City Project</a> (SC)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Big_Brown_3" title="Big Brown 3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Big Brown 3</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lake_Creek_3" title="Lake Creek 3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Lake Creek 3</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Martin_Lake_4" title="Martin Lake 4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Martin Lake 4</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Monticello_4" title="Monticello 4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Monticello 4</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Morgan_Creek_7" title="Morgan Creek 7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Morgan Creek 7</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Oak_Grove_Plant" title="Oak Grove Plant" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Oak Grove Plant</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Sandy_Creek_Plant" title="Sandy Creek Plant" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Sandy Creek Plant</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Tradinghouse_3%26_4" title="Tradinghouse 3 & 4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Tradinghouse 3 & 4</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Valley_4" title="Valley 4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Valley 4</a> (TX)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Hunter_4" title="Hunter 4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Hunter 4</a> (UT)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Intermountain_Power_Project_Unit_3" title="Intermountain Power Project Unit 3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Intermountain Power Project Unit 3</a> (UT)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/LS_Power_Sussex_proposal" title="LS Power Sussex proposal" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">LS Power Sussex proposal</a> (VA)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jim_Bridger_Unit_5" title="Jim Bridger Unit 5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jim Bridger Unit 5</a> (WY)</font></li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Credit_Suisse_Private_Equity"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Credit Suisse Private Equity</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Credit Suisse Private Equity (CSPE), the global private equity arm of Credit Suisse, is one of the largest managers of alternative assets in the world, with $29 billion of assets under management. Credit Suisse Private Equity is comprised of investment funds that focus on domestic and international leveraged buyouts and other private equity investments, including mezzanine, real estate, venture capital, fund of funds and secondary funds. CSPE includes the family of DLJ Merchant Banking funds and the Sprout funds. CSPE maintains offices in New York, London, Buenos Aires, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Sao Paulo, Chicago, Los Angeles, Menlo Park, and San Francisco. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0px 0px 0.3em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-style: none; line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Loan_to_Own_Controversy"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Loan to Own Controversy</font></span></h3><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Credit Suisse Group AG is being sued by <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Empower_America" title="Empower America" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Empower America</a> board member and real estate developer Tim Blixseth and his son Beau. The Blixseth's, in two separate suits, are seeking $24 billion<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[4]</a></sup> and $2 billion<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[5]</a></sup> in damages claiming Credit Suisse engaged in a predatory lending practice known as "loan to own" at four luxury resorts. In each case the high-end real estate developments were driven into bankruptcy associated with Credit Suisse loan schemes with resort developers. During the bankruptcy trial of one Credit Suisse financed development, a Montana Judge characterized the Credit Suisse loan deal with the project developer as "naked greed" which was so overreaching as to "shock the conscious" of the court.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[6]</a></sup> Credit Suisse asserts the lawsuits are "meritless" claims by Blixseth, whom they suggest is seeking to deflect attention from lawsuits linked to his own resort bankruptcy and loan deal with the bank.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[7]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Political_contributions"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Political contributions</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Patrick_J.Durkin" title="Patrick J. Durkin" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Patrick J. Durkin</a>, then Managing Director of Credit Suisse First Boston Corp., was a <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Bush%27s_Rangers" title="Bush's Rangers" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bush Ranger</a> having raised at least $200,000 for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/George_Walker_Bush" title="George Walker Bush" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Bush</a> in the <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/U.S.presidential_election,2004" title="U.S. presidential election, 2004" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">2004 presidential election</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[8]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Credit Suisse Securities gave $507,970 to federal candidates in the 2006 election through its <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">political action committee</a> - 48% to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Democrats" title="Democrats" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Democrats</a> and 51% to <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Republican_Party(USA)" title="Republican Party (USA)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Republicans</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[9]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Lobbying"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Lobbying</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The company spent $1,720,000 for <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lobbying" title="Lobbying" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">lobbying</a> in 2006. In-house lobbyists and four outside <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Lobbying_firms" title="Lobbying firms" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">lobbying firms</a> were used. The lobbying firms included <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Federalist_Group" title="Federalist Group" class="mw-redirect" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Federalist Group</a> and<a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Mayer,Brown,Rowe%26_Maw" title="Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Mayer, Brown et al</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[10]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Personnel"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Personnel</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Selected executives: <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[11]</a></sup></font></p><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Brady_W.Dougan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brady W. Dougan (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Brady W. Dougan</a>, Chief Executive Officer</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Urs_Rohner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urs Rohner (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Urs Rohner</a>, Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Renato_Fassbind&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renato Fassbind (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Renato Fassbind</a>, Chief Financial Officer</font></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Selected board members: <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[12]</a></sup></font></p><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Walter_B.Kielholz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter B. Kielholz (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Walter B. Kielholz</a>, Chairman of the Board</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Robert_H.Benmosche" title="Robert H. Benmosche" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Robert H. Benmosche</a>, Former Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/MetLife" title="MetLife" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">MetLife</a>, Inc.</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Peter_F.Weibel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter F. Weibel (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Peter F. Weibel</a>, Retired Chief Executive Officer of <a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/PricewaterhouseCoopers" title="PricewaterhouseCoopers" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">PricewaterhouseCoopers</a> AG</font></li></ul><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Selected advisory board members: <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none; white-space: nowrap;">[13]</a></sup></font></p><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Flavio_Cotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavio Cotti (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Flavio Cotti</a>, Chairman, Former Federal Councilor, Brione sopra Minusio, Switzerland</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Franz_Albers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Albers (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Franz Albers</a>, Partner Albers & Co., Zurich, Switzerland</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Susy_Br%C3%BCschweiler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susy Brüschweiler (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Susy Brüschweiler</a>, Chief Executive Officer of SV Group, Dübendorf, Switzerland</font></li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id=".3DOthers"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=Others</font></span></h2><ul style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaauaaaanaqmaaabb8jblaaaablbmvex="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAUAAAANAQMAAABb8jbLAAAABlBMVEX" auow5qsojaaaaaxrstlmaqobyzgaaabnjrefucb1jyeabbqw="AUow5QSOjAAAAAXRSTlMAQObYZgAAABNJREFUCB1jYEABBQw" wlcagqeagpidyt0ivcsaaaaasuvork5cyii="); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Noreen_Doyle" title="Noreen Doyle" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Noreen Doyle</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Jonathan_Davie" title="Jonathan Davie" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;">Jonathan Davie</a> - former vice chair</font></li></ul><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="Contact_details"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contact details</font></span></h2><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Headquarters:
Paradeplatz 8
8070 Zurich
Switzerland
Phone: +41-44-212-16-16
Fax: +41-44-333-25-87
Web: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.credit-suisse.com/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">http://www.credit-suisse.com</a></font></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. Office:
Eleven Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10010-3629
US
Phone +1 212 325 2000
Fax +1 212 325 6665
</font></p><h2 style="background-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-weight: normal; margin: 0px 0px 0.6em; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); line-height: 19.2px;"><span class="mw-headline" id="References"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">References</font></span></h2><ol class="references" style="line-height: 19.2px; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.5em 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><li id="cite_note-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-1" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/credit-suisse/--ID__40794--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Credit Suisse Group Profile</a>, <i>Hoovers</i>, accessed August 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.banktrack.org/download/bankrolling_climate_change/climatekillerbanks_final_0.pdf" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcaqaaaanowc2aaaatkleqvr4xmxkqqqamawf0x="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAQAAAAnOwc2AAAATklEQVR4XmXKQQqAMAwF0X" xssz9cskiyiifrfcjmmihmigbb5fqdcaqj4j46pzyluwe="XsSz9CSKiyIIFRFcjMmihmiGbB5fqDCaQJ4j46pzYLUWe" cxz6ovbhts0sry2njp="cXZ6OVBhTS0srY2Njp" xxxxzolu6euwaopx1vnwtbe6qqaaaaaelftksuqmcc="XxXXZOLu6EUWAOPX1vnwTBe6qQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data"><i>Bankrolling Climate Change: A Look into the Portfolios of the World’s Largest Banks</i></a> Earthlife Africa Johannesburg and BankTrack, 2011.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-3" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csfb.com/investment_banking/private_equity/index.shtml" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Private Equity Overview</a>, Credit Suisse, accessed September 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-4" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703580904574638052691063912.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Luxury-Property Owners Sue Credit Suisse for $24 Billion</a>, Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2010.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-02-19/cushman-wakefield-credit-suisse-sued-by-tim-blixseth.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Cushman & Wakefield, Credit Suisse Sued by Tim Blixseth</a>, Bloomberg, February 19, 2012.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newwest.net/topic/article/stinging_setback_for_credit_suisse_in_yellowstone_club_case/C35/L35/" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Citing 'naked greed' judge eviscerates Credit Suisse</a>, NewWest, May 12, 2009.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://za.news.yahoo.com/court-hearing-thursday-credit-suisse-loans-152719666.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Court hearing Thursday on Credit Suisse loans</a>, Associated Press, January 13, 2012.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tpj.org/docs/pioneers/pioneers_table.jsp" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Pioneers and Rangers</a>, <i>Texans for Public Justice</i>, accessed August 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.asp?strID=C00111559&cycle=2006" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">2006 PAC Summary Data</a>, <i>Open Secrets</i>, accessed August 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opensecrets.org/lobbyists/clientsum.asp?txtname=Credit+Suisse+Group&year=2006" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Credit Suisse Group lobbying expenses</a>, <i>Open Secrets</i>.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credit-suisse.com/who_we_are/en/executive_board_csg.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Executive Board</a>, Credit Suisse Group, accessed August 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credit-suisse.com/governance/en/board_of_directors.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Board of Directors</a>, Credit Suisse Group, accessed August 2007.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Credit_Suisse_Group#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span>↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.credit-suisse.com/who_we_are/en/management.html" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">Advisory Board</a>, Credit Suisse Group, accessed August 2007.</span></font></li></ol><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This article may include <a href="http://tobaccodocuments.org/profiles/people/first_boston.html" class="external text" title="http://tobaccodocuments.org/profiles/people/first_boston.html" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; background-image: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaaveleqvr42n3pgqkaiaheuxdqj3dqj3e6iotpusqcgj4eq5iluile0jil3pecxhchgbhz8kg4hwxau3mzecgeyfnaxp4hqnqpnt7ql0nadpd6whcclvnakksq8iiaaaaaaelftksuqmcc="AAAAVElEQVR42n3PgQkAIAhEUXdqJ3dqJ3e6IoTPUSQcgj4EQ5IlUiLE0Jil3PECXhcHGBhZ8kg4hwxAu3MZeCGeyFnAXp4hqNQPnt7QL0nADpD6wHccLvnAKksq8iiaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" background-position="background-position" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" xmlns:data="data">information from Tobacco Documents Online</a>.</font></b></p><p style="margin: 0.4em 0px 0.5em; line-height: 19.2px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">==</font></b></p></div><div>
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