ken hoyt hon

<p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">wow he ruled FOR EJ Dane Wilson ~ plastic polluter</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></p><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Well-traveled jurists</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The most-traveled judges, according to reports filed online by the judges, were U.S. District Judge Charles R. Wolle of the Southern District of Iowa and Chief Judge Thomas B. Bennett of the Northern District of Alabama Bankruptcy Court. Each reported attending nine seminars.</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wolle is a “senior status” judge, meaning he is semi-retired. He did not respond to requests for comment.</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The next-most-traveled judges were:</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. District Judge Manuel L. Real of the Central District of California and J<b>udge Diarmuid F. O’Scannlain of the U.S. Court of Appeals 9th Circuit,</b> covering the Western states, who each took eight trips;</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">E. Grady Jolly, a federal appeals court judge for the 5<b>th Circuit </b>which includes Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi, and U.S. Bankruptcy Judge Michael B. Kaplan of the District of New Jersey, who each took six trips;</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 102, 0);"><b style="">U.S. District Judge Kenneth M. Hoyt of the Southern District of Texas</b>,</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Chief Magistrate Judge Thomas J. Shields of the Southern District of Iowa and senior-status U.S. District Judge Frederic Block of the Eastern District of New York, each of whom took five trips.</span></font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">O’Scannlain declined to comment for this story. In an email, Kaplan wrote that the “seminars offer a valuable opportunity for new judicial appointees to enhance their knowledge and skills in complex areas of the law,” including economics.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Wolle, Real and O’Scannlain are all listed as seminar sponsors, though records do not indicate how much they contributed.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Center identified instances where judges who attended seminars underwritten by certain firms and trade groups later issued rulings in the funders’ favor.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">EPA loses case</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In April 2009, for example, Jolly traveled to Northwestern University to attend the “Criminalization of Corporate Conduct” seminar sponsored by the American Petroleum Institute, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and 13 other funders.</font></span></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Last August, Jolly wrote the majority 2-1 opinion declaring that the Environmental Protection Agency broke the law when it rejected a Texas emissions cap generally supported by the fossil fuels industry.</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Jolly, who did not respond to requests for comment, sided with two of the petitioners in the suit — the American Petroleum Institute and the U.S. Chamber.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Charles Geyh, an Indiana University law professor who specializes in judicial ethics, is skeptical that rulings are directly influenced by corporate sponsors of seminars, but noted, “in a cynic’s view that would smack of corruption.”</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“Even if it has no effect in terms of the decisions judges make, the perception of influence matters a great deal,” he says. “It looks as if [corporations] are buying influence, even if it’s not true.”</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 102);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Another attendee of the 2009 “Criminalization of Corporate Conduct” seminar was U.S. District Judge Carl J. Barbier, the Eastern District of Louisiana jurist presiding over a high-profile BP civil trial, which is being held without a jury in New Orleans.</font></span></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Barbier is in charge of considering whether BP owes billions of dollars in fines for gross negligence leading to the 2010 Deepwater Horizon</b> oil platform explosion and spill. The disaster killed 11 people and contaminated a large swath of the Gulf Coast.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 2011, Barbier dismissed a wrongful-death claim in a suit brought against ExxonMobil and Chevron USA by the widow of a worker who was exposed to radioactive materials found on the companies’ equipment.</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Barbier’s ruling in favor of the oil companies came two years after he attended the corporate conduct seminar, funded in part by ExxonMobil and the American Petroleum Institute, according to documents. The judge did not respond to requests for comment.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[Free ‘Consider the Source’ e-book]</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Throughout the 2012 election season, reporters for the Center for Public Integrity’s Consider the Source project provided continuous coverage on the mystery groups that poured nearly $1 billion into state and federal races.</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We authored more than a dozen investigative stories, profiled the top 25 “super donors” to the election spending groups known as super PACs and explained the complexity behind the U.S. Supreme Court decision that made it such an unusually expensive election.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We have gathered the best of our election coverage into an e-book, complete with links, just for you.]</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Corporate U?</font></b></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">George Mason University’s Law & Economics Center hosted 45 seminars while Northwestern University’s Judicial Education Program hosted 29. A total of 136 federal judges reported attending conferences conducted by the schools during the 4 1/2-year period analyzed by the Center for Public Integrity.</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: " times="Times" new="New" roman="Roman" font-size="font-size" large="large" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The remaining top five conference hosts, including The Sedona Conference and the<b> Foundation for Research on Economics and the Environment (FREE</b>), collectively organized 28 conferences.</font></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Jim Hightower: Can ‘powerless nobodies’ fight the corporate powers?</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Written by Jim Hightower December 21, 2019</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The many sparkling bays along the Texas coastline of the Gulf of Mexico have long provided both a working-class living and a valued lifestyle for generations of shrimpers, oysterers and other fishing families. People and seafood, however, are not the only creatures here, for such wildlife as alligators and snakes also call many of these interconnected waterways home. Yet, by necessity and experience, the hardy people of the water have figured out how to share the bays so all creatures can get along.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">But in the 1980s, a strange and invasive new critter entered Lavaca Bay, near the town of Port Comfort. Far from getting along, this species proceeded over the years to devour whole harvests of seafood, along with the livelihoods of local Gulf communities. This marauder was not some monster from the deep but a massive, 45,000-acre factory looming over Lavaca Bay. It is the Formosa Plastics Corporation, founded by the richest man in Taiwan.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As its name implies, Formosa is not here for seafood. It is the <b>world’s second largest fabricator of polyvinyl chloride, </b>the tiny, highly toxic pebbles and powders used to make the gabillions of plastic bags, pipes, bottles, etc. that are choking the Earth. For decades, the Formosa plant has cavalierly been dumping trillions of these poisonous pebbles and tons of the polyvinyl powders into its wastewater — which end up in Lavaca Bay.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>That poisonous content then spreads to other bays, nearby waterways, the Gulf itself … and into the shrimp, oysters, fish and other creatures living there. The result has been species vanishing from these waters, creating economic and social devastation for families and port communities that rely on nature’s bounty.</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Wait, isn’t this against the law? Of course, but petrochemical behemoths like Formosa have corrupted the law, turning Texas lawmakers and environmental regulators into <b>their puppets. When leaders won’t lead, The People must, and that’s exactly what’s happening in this case. A defiant, determined former fourth-generation shrimper named Diane Wilson, along with a scrappy environmental coalition on the Texas Gulf Coast,</b> have just won the largest citizen environmental lawsuit in U.S. history, forcing Formosa to stop its gross contamination of the bay, the local economy and the law.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">It’s good to have a happy-ending story for the holidays — one that’s not sugar-plum sappy but genuinely uplifting.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It “feels like justice,” said Wilson in early December when a federal district judge OK’d a $50 million pollution settlement against Formosa Plastics Corporation</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">. Judge Kenneth Hoyt, a Ronald Reagan appointee, had previously ruled that the Taiwan plastics conglomerate was a “serial offender” whose violations of America’s Clean Water Act were “extensive, historical, and repetitive.</font><font face="Times New Roman" size="4" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">” How the case got there is as important as his ruling.</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Wilson, the indefatigable local shrimper, had been trying for some 30 years to get state and national officials to stop Formosa from dumping poisonous plastic chemicals into the Lavaca Bay ecosystem. The corporation’s deliberate contamination was destroying seasonal seafood harvests upon which she and thousands of Gulf Coast fishing families relied. She was ignored by those in power and then ridiculed and then demonized. Yet this lady of the sea wouldn’t quit.<b> She kept speaking out, mounted hunger strikes and even tried to sink her own beloved shrimp boat in the bay as a public protest.</b></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Nothing. But then, backed by a volunteer network of regional environmentalists and a savvy group of nonprofit legal service lawyers, Wilson filed the private citizens lawsuit in July 2017 that came to trial this spring in Judge Hoyt’s courtroom, finally producing an overdue measure of justice</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. The $50 million settlement doesn’t go to Wilson or the other plaintiffs but to projects that will revitalize local marine ecosystems and create a shrimping and oyster cooperative for local families.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> It also will pay for citizen-group monitoring of Formosa’s compliance with the judge’s orders for “zero discharge” of its plastic pollutants.</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">Even more significant than the money that the Formosa settlement provides, this victory sets a major legal precedent to advance other citizen lawsuits against polluters, requiring that the polluters (not taxpayers) pay for their messes.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Who needs Santa Clause when “We the People” can deliver such democratic gifts to ourselves?  For information on the details and impact of this remarkable people’s victory, go to the Texas RioGrande Legal Aid website.</span></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Populist author, public speaker and radio commentator Jim Hightower writes “The Hightower Lowdown,” a monthly newsletter chronicling the ongoing fights by America’s ordinary people against rule by plutocratic elites. Sign up at HightowerLowdown.org.</font></font></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">keynote spkr</font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M.Hoyt">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M.Hoyt</a></font></font></font></p><div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; color: rgb(32, 33, 34);"><div class="mw-parser-output" style=""><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>Kenneth Michael Hoyt</b> (born March 2, 1948) is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_Status" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior Status" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Senior</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_judge" title="United States federal judge" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">United States District Judge</a> of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a>.</font></p><p style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Born in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Augustine_County,Texas" title="San Augustine County, Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">San Augustine County</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Texas</a>, Hoyt received an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Artium Baccalaureus</a> degree from <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Southern_University" title="Texas Southern University" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Texas Southern University</a> in 1969 and a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juris_Doctor" title="Juris Doctor" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Juris Doctor</a> from the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_School_of_Law" title="Thurgood Marshall School of Law" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Thurgood Marshall School of Law</a> at Texas Southern University in 1972. He was in private practice in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston" title="Houston" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Houston</a>, Texas from 1972 to 1985. He was a city attorney of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendleton,Texas" title="Kendleton, Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Kendleton</a>, Texas from 1975 to 1981, and then of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prairie_View,Texas" title="Prairie View, Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Prairie View</a>, Texas. Hoyt served as a presiding judge of the 125th Civil District Court of Texas from 1981 to 1982. At the same time, Hoyt was a member of the faculty of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Texas_College" title="South Texas College" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">South Texas College</a> Trial Advocacy Program, and from 1983 to 1984, he was an<b> adjunct professor at the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_School_of_Law" title="Thurgood Marshall School of Law" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Thurgood Marshall School of Law</a>.</b> He was a justice of the First District Court of Appeals of Texas from 1985 to 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M.Hoyt#cite_note-fjc.gov-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Federal_judicial_service">Federal judicial service</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">On November 24, 1987, Hoyt was nominated by President </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173);">Ronald Reagan</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> to a seat on the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173);">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> vacated by Judge </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Olaf_Bue_Jr." title="Carl Olaf Bue Jr." style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173);">Carl Olaf Bue Jr.</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Hoyt was confirmed by the </span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate" style="background: none; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173);">United States Senate</a><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> on March 31, 1988, and received his commission on April 1, 1988.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Hoyt was the second African American federal judge in the state of Texas. He took <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senior_status" title="Senior status" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173);">senior status</a> on March 2, 2013</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">.</span><sup id="cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-1" class="reference" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M.Hoyt#cite_note-fjc.gov-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span></span></font></h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African-American_jurists" title="List of African-American jurists" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">List of African-American jurists</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-fjc.gov-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;">^ <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M.Hoyt#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_M.Hoyt#cite_ref-fjc.gov_1-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/hoyt-kenneth-m." style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 187); background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"Hoyt, Kenneth M. - Federal Judicial Center"</a>. <i>www.fjc.gov</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.fjc.gov&rft.atitle=Hoyt%2C+Kenneth+M.+-+Federal+Judicial+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjc.gov%2Fhistory%2Fjudges%2Fhoyt-kenneth-m.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenneth+M.+Hoyt" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: isolate; margin-right: 0px;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em; color: rgb(84, 89, 93);">[</span></span></font></h2><ul style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style-image: url(" w="w" skins="skins" vector="Vector" resources="resources" common="common" images="images" bullet-icon.svg="bullet-icon.svg" d4515="d4515" margin="margin" em="em" px="px" padding="padding"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fjc.gov/node/1382471" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(51, 102, 187); background: url(" w="w" resources="resources" src="src" mediawiki.skinning="mediawiki.skinning" images="images" external-ltr.svg="external-ltr.svg" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">Kenneth M. Hoyt</a> at the <i><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_Federal_Judges" title="Biographical Directory of Federal Judges" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Biographical Directory of Federal Judges</a></i>, a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">public domain</a> publication of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</font></li></ul><table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); color: rgb(32, 33, 34); margin: 0.5em auto; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse; clear: both;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="3" style="border-width: 5px 1px 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(221, 206, 242) rgb(162, 169, 177) rgb(162, 169, 177); border-image: initial; padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Legal offices</font></th></tr><tr style="text-align: center;"><td rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 265.625px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Preceded by</font><div style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Olaf_Bue_Jr." title="Carl Olaf Bue Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Carl Olaf Bue Jr.</font></a></div></td><td rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 469.74px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">Judge of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a></span></b>
1988–2013</font></td><td rowspan="1" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; width: 267.094px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Succeeded by</font><div style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_H.Bennett" title="Alfred H. Bennett" style="text-decoration-line: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Alfred H. Bennett</font></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles nomobile" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Senior_district_judges_of_the_Fifth_Circuit_Court_of_Appeals" style="background-color: rgb(253, 253, 253); box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); width: 1038.33px; clear: both; text-align: center; padding: 3px; margin: 1em auto 0px;"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner mw-made-collapsible" style="width: 1030.33px; border-spacing: 0px; background: transparent;"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="padding: 0.25em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(204, 204, 255);"><span class="mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-default mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false" style="float: right; user-select: none; cursor: pointer; font-weight: normal; text-align: right; 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color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background: none;">21st-century American judges</a></li></ul></div></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#:_{:text=Kenneth%20Hoyt%20is%20an%20Article,First%20District%20Court%20of%20Appeals.">https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt}_(Texas)#::text=Kenneth%20Hoyt%20is%20an%20Article,First%20District%20Court%20of%20Appeals.</a></font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">
</font></font></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">kenneth Hoyt</span> is an <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Federal_judge" title="Federal judge" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Article III federal judge</a> serving on senior status for the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a>. He joined the court in 1988 after being nominated by President <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Federal_judges_nominated_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="Federal judges nominated by Ronald Reagan" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Ronald Reagan</a>. At the time of his appointment he was a Justice of the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_First_District_Court_of_Appeals" title="Texas First District Court of Appeals" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Texas First District Court of Appeals</a>. He assumed senior status on March 2, 2013.<span id="cite_ref-bio_1-0" class="reference" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_note-bio-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></span></font></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" border-left="border-left" solid="solid" padding="padding" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="Education" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Education</font></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Born in Saint Augustine, Texas, Hoyt graduated from the Texas Southern University in <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Houston,Texas" title="Houston, Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Houston, Texas</a> with his bachelor's degree in 1969 and received a Juris Doctor degree from Texas Southern University's Thurgood Marshall School of Law in 1972.<span id="cite_ref-bio_1-1" class="reference" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_note-bio-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></span></font></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" border-left="border-left" solid="solid" padding="padding" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="Professional_career" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Professional career</font></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Hoyt was a private practice attorney in <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Texas" title="Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Texas</a> from 1972 to 1985. Hoyt also served as city attorney for the Cities of <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kendleton,Texas" title="Kendleton, Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Kendleton, Texas</a> and <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Prairie_View,Texas" title="Prairie View, Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Prairie View, Texas</a> from 1975 to 1981. Hoyt served as Judge for the 125th Civil District Court of Texas from 1981 to 1982 while serving as a Faculty member for the South Texas College Trial Advocacy Program until 1982. Hoyt was an Adjunct Professor at Texas Southern University's Thurgood Marshall School of Law from 1983 to 1984. Hoyt was appointed to serve as Justice of the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Texas_First_District_Court_of_Appeals" title="Texas First District Court of Appeals" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Texas First District Court of Appeals</a> from 1985 to 1988.<span id="cite_ref-bio_1-2" class="reference" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_note-bio-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">[1]</a></span></font></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" border-left="border-left" solid="solid" padding="padding" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="Judicial_career" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Judicial career</font></span></h2><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" padding-left="padding-left" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="Southern_District_of_Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Southern District of Texas</font></span></h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">On the recommedation of Texas U.S. Senator Phil Gramm</span>, Hoyt was nominated to the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a> by President <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Federal_judges_nominated_by_Ronald_Reagan" title="Federal judges nominated by Ronald Reagan" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Ronald Reagan</a> on November 24, 1987, to a seat vacated by <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Carl_Bue" title="Carl Bue" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Carl Bue, Jr.</a>. Hoyt was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on March 31, 1988, on a Senate vote and received commission on <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/C1988#April" class="mw-redirect" title="C1988" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">April 1, 1988</a>.<span id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_note-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">[2]</a></span> On March 2, 2013, <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt" title="Kenneth Hoyt" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Kenneth Hoyt</a> assumed senior status for the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</a> after serving on the court for nearly 15 years.<span id="cite_ref-3" class="reference" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_note-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">[3]</a></span></font></p><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" border-left="border-left" solid="solid" padding="padding" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">See also</font></span></h2><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.6em 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Texas" title="United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas</font></a></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/United_States_Court_of_Appeals_for_the_5th_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" border-left="border-left" solid="solid" padding="padding" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">External links</font></span></h2><ul style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0.3em 0px 0.6em 1.6em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=1108&cid=160&ctype=dc&instate=tx" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=") right center no-repeat; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;" xmlns:data="data">Judge Hoyt's Biography</a> from the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Federal Judicial Center</a></font></li></ul><h2 style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-weight="font-weight" line-height="line-height" color="color" rgb="rgb" margin-top="margin-top" em="em" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" font-size="font-size" border-left="border-left" solid="solid" padding="padding" background-color="background-color"><span class="mw-headline" id="Footnotes" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Footnotes</font></span></h2><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 10px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb" /><div class="references-small" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 10px; overflow: auto; max-height: 10em; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: " libre="Libre" franklin="Franklin" helvetica="Helvetica" arial="Arial" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" px="px" background-color="background-color" rgb="rgb"><div class="mobile-columns" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow-y: hidden; max-height: 10em !important;"><div class="mw-references-wrap" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><ol class="references" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-parent 0 list-item 0;"><li id="cite_note-bio-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none;">↑ <span style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_ref-bio_1-0" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span>1.0</a></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_ref-bio_1-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">1.1</a></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; line-height: 0; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_ref-bio_1-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">1.2</a></span></span> <span class="reference-text" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=1108&cid=160&ctype=dc&instate=tx" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=") right center no-repeat; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;" xmlns:data="data">Judge Hoyt's Biography</a> from the <a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Federal_Judicial_Center" title="Federal Judicial Center" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">Federal Judicial Center</a>.</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_ref-2" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ntquery/D?nomis:1:./temp/_{nomis8iJ5MQ::}" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=") right center no-repeat; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;" xmlns:data="data"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;">The Library of Congress</i>, Kenneth Hoyt USDC, SDTX confirmation: PN706-100</a></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-3" style="box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: mw-ref-extends-parent 1; counter-reset: mw-ref-extends-child 0;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="box-sizing: border-box; user-select: none;"><a href="https://ballotpedia.org/Kenneth_Hoyt(Texas)#cite_ref-3" aria-label="Jump up" title="Jump up" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none;">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a target="blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.uscourts.gov/JudgesAndJudgeships/JudicialVacancies/CurrentJudicialVacancies.aspx" style="box-sizing: border-box; background: url(" data:image="data:image" png="png" base64="base64" ivborw0kggoaaaansuheugaaaaoaaaakcayaaacnms="iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAoAAAAKCAYAAACNMs" aaaavkleqvr4xn3pgqkamqhduxfqtu7kttkpd5ra8ainfartq2irxfwt2qedafttj2fspioe1ecoleuowwjgzyab="AAAAVklEQVR4Xn3PgQkAMQhDUXfqTu7kTtkpd5RA8AInfArtQ2iRXFWT2QedAfttj2FsPIOE1eCOlEuoWWjgzYaB" ikegorxxhqb="IkeGOrxXhqB" ua9bfcm0lazuh="uA9Bfcm0lAZuh" yiead="YIeAD" caqsz4kcmuaaaaasuvork5cyii=") right center no-repeat; color: rgb(51, 122, 183); text-decoration-line: none; padding-right: 13px;" xmlns:data="data"><i style="box-sizing: border-box;">U.S. Courts</i>, "Current Vacancies," accessed March 2013</a></span></font></li></ol></div></div></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">
</font></font></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="">=</font></font></font></p></div></div>