cncl state gov CSG
<font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">wynn</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Wynn slotted 30 minutes for a call with </span><a href="http://www.csgwest.org/about/staff.aspx" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="7" data-v9y="1" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Rich Lindsey</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, who heads the energy and environment committee at the </span><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="8" data-v9y="1" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">oil-funded</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Council of State Governments ― where, according to his </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4501461-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p1/a428739" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="9" data-v9y="1" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">CV</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> and </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4413551-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p2/a419430" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="10" data-v9y="1" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">financial disclosures</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, Wynn </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4501461-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p1/a428739" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="11" data-v9y="1" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; text-decoration-line: none; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">also served</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> as a committee member from June 2015 until he joined the Interior Department.</span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">=</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
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</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">ref</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font></div><div><table class="table table-bordered" style="box-sizing: border-box; border-collapse: collapse; border-spacing: 0px; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); width: 847px; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><tbody style="box-sizing: border-box;"><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$6,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2012</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/exxon-2011-2012-204/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$10,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2012</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/exxon-2011-2012-205/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">3</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$25,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2012</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/exxon-2011-2012-206/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">4</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/american-petroleum-institute/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">American Petroleum Institute</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$10,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2011</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1488592american-petroleum-institutecouncil-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">5</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$6,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2011</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/exxon-2011-2012-50/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">6</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/phrma/" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">PhRMA</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$38,500</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2010</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1469041phrmacouncil-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">7</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$6,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2009</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1404244exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2009/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">8</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/phrma/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">PhRMA</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$23,500</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2009</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1469040phrmacouncil-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">9</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$6,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2008</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1404052exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2008/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">10</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/phrma/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">PhRMA</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$25,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2008</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1469038phrmacouncil-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">11</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/phrma/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">PhRMA</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$15,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2008</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1469039phrmacouncil-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">12</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2006</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1403684exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2006/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">13</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$6,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2005</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1403505exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2005/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">14</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2004</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1403333exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2004/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">15</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2003</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1403137exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2003/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">16</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2002</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1402966exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2002/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">17</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2002</font></td><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/transaction/1402967exxon-mobilcouncil-of-state-governments2002/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">+</font></a></td></tr><tr style="box-sizing: border-box;"><td class="text-center" style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">18</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/donor/exxon-mobil/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Exxon Mobil</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: transparent; text-decoration-line: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Council of State Governments</font></a></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">$5,000</font></td><td style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 8px; line-height: 1.42857; vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2001</font></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">
</font><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">off bs</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><a href="https://www.csg.org/"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">https://www.csg.org/</font></a></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">school gardens</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...founded in 1933, The Council of State Governments is our nation’s only organization serving all three branches of state government. CSG is a region-based forum that fosters the exchange of insights and ideas to help state officials shape public policy. This offers unparalleled regional, national and international opportunities to network, develop leaders, collaborate and create problem-solving partnerships.</font></h6><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></p><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG’s Mission</font></strong></h6><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG champions excellence in state governments to advance the common good.</font></h6><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></h6><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG’s Values</font></strong></h6><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To achieve this mission, CSG will:</font></h6><ul style="list-style-image: url(" csg_revised_2011="csg_revised_2011" bullet.png="bullet.png" margin-bottom="margin-bottom" px="px" margin-left="margin-left" margin-top="margin-top" padding-left="padding-left" color="color" rgb="rgb" font-family="font-family" arial="Arial" verdana="Verdana" sans-serif="sans-serif" font-size="font-size" background-color="background-color"><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Pursue the priorities of its member states </font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Be nonpartisan and inclusive</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Engage leaders from all three branches of state government</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Have a regional focus, a national presence and a global reach</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Be a respected and trusted source for best practices and policy expertise</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Convene leader to leader interactions and foster leadership development</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Facilitate multistate solutions</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Zealously advocate for the states in our federal system of government</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Adhere to the highest ethical standards</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Respect diversity and act with civility</font></h6></li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; line-height: 20px;"><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; text-align: inherit; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 8px;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Partner and collaborate with others</font></h6></li></ul><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 2px; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"> </font></h6><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><strong><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG Headquarters</font></strong></h6><h6 style="font-weight: normal; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG's national headquarters is in Lexington, Ky. The address is 1776 Avenue of the States, Lexington, Ky 40511. The phone number is (859) 244-8000 and the fax number is (859) 244-8001.</font></h6><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></div><div><div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="direction: ltr; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div class="mw-parser-output"><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><b>Council of State Governments</b> (<b>CSG</b>) is a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonpartisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonpartisan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">nonpartisan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">non-profit organization</a> in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">United States</a> that serves all three branches of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">state government</a>. Founded in 1933 by <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado_Senate" title="Colorado Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Colorado state Sen.</a> Henry W. Toll, CSG is a region-based forum that fosters the exchange of insights and ideas to help state officials shape public policy.<sup id="cite_ref-CSG_Regional_Offices_1-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-CSG_Regional_Offices-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The CSG National Headquarters is located in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexington,Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lexington, Kentucky</a>, but the council also operates regional offices in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Atlanta</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Chicago</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City</a> and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,California" title="Sacramento, California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Sacramento, California</a>. CSG maintains an office in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,D.C." title="Washington, D.C." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Washington, D.C.</a> that monitors <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">federal government</a> activities and their impact on state issues and programs.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">As a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation" title="Nation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">national</a> organization with a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Region" title="Region" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">regional</a> focus, The Council of State Governments is committed to providing its members with unique opportunities for personal and professional growth at the regional and national levels. Leadership development opportunities with CSG include the annual Henry Toll Fellowship Program, which brings together some of the nation’s top officials from all <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">three branches of government</a> for an intensive program designed to stimulate personal assessment and growth while providing networking and relationship-building opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[2]</a></sup> Leadership development programs offered in each of the CSG regions—East, Midwest, South and West—are designed to equip talented state policymakers with the skills and strategies to meet the challenges they face in their states and regions.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Other CSG services include policy academies, research briefs, webinars and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/events/default.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">annual conferences and meetings</a> at the national and regional levels.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Justice_Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">CSG Justice Center</a>, which is based in New York City and has offices across the country, provides practical, nonpartisan advice and consensus-driven strategies—informed by available evidence—to increase public safety and strengthen communities.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_the_Justice_Center_3-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-What_is_the_Justice_Center-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a></sup></font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG national leadership includes a governor, who serves as the national president, and a member of a state legislature, who serves as national chair. CSG regions are chaired by state legislators.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG membership includes 56 U.S. states and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territory" title="Territory" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">territories</a>; six Canadian <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province" title="Province" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">provinces</a> also partner with the council. Annual dues are paid by each state and territory to support the council’s operations. In addition, revenue is derived from publication sales, registration fees, corporate grants and contributions, and investment income.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The CSG is considered part of the '<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Seven(United_States)" title="Big Seven (United States)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Big Seven</a>', a group of organisations that represent local and state government in the United States.</font></p><div id="toc" class="toc" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 7px; display: table; zoom: 1;"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="direction: ltr; position: absolute; opacity: 0; display: none;" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="direction: ltr; text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><h2 style="background: none; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border: 0px; display: inline; line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Contents</font></font></font></font></font></font></font></h2><span class="toctogglespan" style=""><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox" style="cursor: pointer;" /></span></div><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0.3em 0px; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">History</span></font></a><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none;"><li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Timeline[4][5]" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" size="4"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">1.1</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Timeline<sup style="line-height: 1;">[4]</sup><sup style="line-height: 1;">[5]</sup></span></font></a></li></ul></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Regional_offices" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">2</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Regional offices</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Justice_Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">3</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Justice Center</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Affiliate_organizations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">4</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Affiliate organizations</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Publications" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">5</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Publications</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#CSG_Presidents_and_Chairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">6</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">CSG Presidents and Chairs</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#Notes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">7</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">Notes</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#References" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">8</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">References</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#See_also" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">9</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">See also</span></font></a></li><li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#External_links" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><span class="tocnumber" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0.5em;">10</span><span class="toctext" style="display: table-cell; text-decoration: inherit;">External links</span></font></a></li></ul></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=1" title="Edit section: History" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In 1925, Henry Wolcott Toll, then a Colorado state senator, created the American Legislators’ Association, the forerunner to CSG, which provided legislators with information and opportunities to connect. Toll believed interstate cooperation was imperative for states to maintain control over inherent state issues.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG—the only national organization that serves all three branches of state government—was created in 1933. "Probably 12 or 15 of us sat around a table in a small room," Toll recalled 25 years later. "The Council of State Governments had never been heard of before that day."</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">About five years after CSG was conceived, a new building at 1313 East 60th St., in Chicago became the council’s central home. In 1967, CSG and the Commonwealth of Kentucky entered into an agreement that provided CSG with a headquarters building in Lexington, Kentucky. The building was dedicated on June 9, 1969. In 1993, the state financed the construction of a second building to facilitate the council’s continued growth.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some CSG services have been offered since the early years. <i>The Book of the States</i>, which provides comprehensive data and analysis about state governments and their operations, was first published in 1935. <i>State Government News</i>, which later became the CSG bimonthly magazine, <i>Capitol Ideas</i>, was first published in 1958.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Eastern Regional Conference was established in 1937. CSG opened a Washington, D.C. office in 1938. The Midwestern Legislative Conference was established in 1945. Both the Southern Conference—now the Southern Legislative Conference—and the Western Regional Conference—now CSG West—were established in 1947. In 2006, the CSG Justice Center was formed.</font></p><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">The CSG Henry Toll Fellowship program, a leadership development program for state officials, was established in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-milestone_4-0" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-milestone-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup></font></p><h3 style="background: none; margin: 0.3em 0px 0px; overflow: hidden; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1.6;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span id="Timeline.5B4.5D.5B5.5D"><span class="mw-headline" id="Timeline[4][5]">Timeline<sup id="cite_ref-milestone_4-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-milestone-4" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[4]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap; font-weight: normal;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[5]</a></sup></span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; font-weight: normal; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=2" title="Edit section: Timeline[4][5]" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></span></font></h3><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1925 – The American Legislators' Association was established in Denver, CO</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1930 – The headquarters of the American Legislators' Association moved to Chicago, IL</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1935 – The Council of State Governments (CSG) was established</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1937 – The Eastern Regional Conference (ERC) was established as the eastern regional office of CSG</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1938 – CSG opened a Washington D.C. office</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1945 – The Midwestern Legislative Conference (now a part of CSG Midwest) is established as the midwestern regional office of CSG</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1947 – The Southern Conference (now the Southern Legislative Conference) and the Western Regional Conference (now known as CSG West) are established to support CSG's work in the southern and western regions</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1969 – The CSG headquarters were moved to Lexington, KY</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1986 – The CSG Henry Toll Fellowship, a leadership development program for state officials was established</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2006 – The CSG Justice Center was formed out of the ERC justice program</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">2015 – CSG rededicates its national headquarters after a $5.5 million renovation to the original headquarters building<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[6]</a></sup></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2016 – CSG changes address to 1776 Avenue of the States</font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Regional_offices">Regional offices</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=3" title="Edit section: Regional offices" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">CSG has 6 offices across the country including 4 regional offices, a federal affairs office in Washington D.C., and the headquarters office in Lexington, KY.<sup id="cite_ref-CSG_Regional_Offices_1-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-CSG_Regional_Offices-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[1]</a></sup></font></p><table class="wikitable" border="1" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Region</font></th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Headquarters</font></th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. States</font></th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">U.S. Territories</font></th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Associate Members</font></th><th style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Website</font></th></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG West</font></b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacramento,CA" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento, CA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Sacramento</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alaska</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arizona</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">California</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Colorado</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hawaii</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Idaho</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana" title="Montana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Montana</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nevada</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Mexico</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Oregon</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Utah</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington(state)" title="Washington (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Washington</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wyoming</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">American Samoa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guam" title="Guam" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Guam</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alberta</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">British Columbia</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csgwest.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">CSG West</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CSG Midwest</font></b></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago,IL" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, IL" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Chicago</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Illinois</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Indiana</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Iowa</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kansas</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Michigan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Minnesota</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nebraska</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">North Dakota</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ohio</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Dakota</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wisconsin</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;" /><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alberta</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Saskatchewan</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Manitoba</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ontario</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csgmidwest.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">CSG Midwest</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>CSG South</b> (also known as <b>Southern Legislative Conference</b>)</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta,GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, GA" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Atlanta</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Alabama</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arkansas</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Florida</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia(U.S.state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Georgia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kentucky</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Louisiana</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mississippi</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Missouri</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">North Carolina</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">South Carolina</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tennessee</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Texas</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Virginia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">West Virginia</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;" /><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;" /><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slcatlanta.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">CSG SLC</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>CSG East</b> (also known as <b>Eastern Regional Conference</b>)</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City,NY" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, NY" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York City</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Connecticut</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Delaware</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine" title="Maine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maine</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Maryland</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Hampshire</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Jersey</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Rhode Island</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Vermont</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,D.C." title="Washington, D.C." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Washington, D.C.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New Brunswick</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nova Scotia</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ontario</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Quebec</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg-erc.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">CSG ERC</font></a></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Justice_Center">Justice Center</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=4" title="Edit section: Justice Center" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><div class="thumb tright" style="clear: right; float: right; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto; background-color: transparent;"><div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); padding: 3px; background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); text-align: center; overflow: hidden; width: 302px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png" class="image" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><img alt="CSG Justice Center logo and motto.png" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png/300px-CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png" width="300" height="80" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png/450px-CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/24/CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png/600px-CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="171" style="border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" /></font></a><div class="thumbcaption" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;"><div class="magnify" style="float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data" /></div></div></div></div><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CSG_Justice_Center_logo_and_motto.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" viewbox="%220" width="width" height="height" cg="Cg" id="%22smallbox%22" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%23000%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M-1.499" h10.99v7.919h-10.99z="h10.99v7.919h-10.99z" e="E" h5.943v4.904h-5.943z="h5.943v4.904h-5.943z" c="C" g="g" display="display" block="block" text-indent="text-indent" px="px" white-space="white-space" nowrap="nowrap" overflow="overflow" hidden="hidden" user-select="user-select" none="none" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">On December 3, 2006, The Council of State Governments' Governing Board voted to transform the Eastern Regional Conference’s (CSG/ERC) criminal justice program into a national Justice Center. The Justice Center’s Board of Directors includes state legislative leaders, judges, corrections administrators, juvenile justice agency directors, and law enforcement professionals, who together represent a cross-section of the senior-level state officials who shape criminal justice policy across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-What_is_the_Justice_Center_3-1" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;" /></font></a><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-What_is_the_Justice_Center-3" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[3]</a> The Justice Center is headquartered in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">New York City</a> with additional offices in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austin,Texas" title="Austin, Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Austin</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Seattle</a>, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethesda,Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bethesda</a>, and Washington, D.C.</font></p><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Affiliate_organizations">Affiliate organizations</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=5" title="Edit section: Affiliate organizations" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><p style="margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Affiliate organizations contribute specialized expertise, information, resources and issues to the overall mission of CSG. In turn, CSG offers a mechanism by which affiliates may tap into CSG's products and services, and a forum for bringing issues to a broader, collective state audience.</font></p><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.appa-net.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">American Probation and Parole Association</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/aapca_site/" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National Association of State Technology Directors</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nemaweb.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National Emergency Management Association</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhcsl.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National Hispanic Caucus of State Legislators</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidoamerica.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">State International Development Organizations (SIDO)</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.womeningovernment.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Women in Government</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Publications">Publications</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=6" title="Edit section: Publications" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>Capitol Ideas</i> (bimonthly magazine)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><i>The Current State</i> (weekly e-newsletter)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><i>The Book of the States</i> (published annually since 1935, provides data and analyses about state governments and their operations)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[7]</a></sup></font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><i>Shared State Legislation</i> or SSL (annual volume that compiles <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislation" title="Legislation" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">legislation</a> on topics of current importance to states)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[8]</a></sup></font></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="CSG_Presidents_and_Chairs">CSG Presidents and Chairs</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Council_of_State_Governments&action=edit§ion=7" title="Edit section: CSG Presidents and Chairs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-left: 0.25em;">]</span></span></font></h2><table class="wikitable sortable jquery-tablesorter" style="background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); margin: 1em 0px; border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); border-collapse: collapse;"><thead><tr><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2221%22" height="%229%22" viewbox="%220" e="E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M14.5" l-4="l-4" zm14.5="zM14.5" l-4-4-4="l-4-4-4" z="z" c="C" cursor="cursor" pointer="pointer" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Year</font></th><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2221%22" height="%229%22" viewbox="%220" e="E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M14.5" l-4="l-4" zm14.5="zM14.5" l-4-4-4="l-4-4-4" z="z" c="C" cursor="cursor" pointer="pointer" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">President</font></th><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2221%22" height="%229%22" viewbox="%220" e="E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M14.5" l-4="l-4" zm14.5="zM14.5" l-4-4-4="l-4-4-4" z="z" c="C" cursor="cursor" pointer="pointer" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">State</font></th><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2221%22" height="%229%22" viewbox="%220" e="E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M14.5" l-4="l-4" zm14.5="zM14.5" l-4-4-4="l-4-4-4" z="z" c="C" cursor="cursor" pointer="pointer" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Chair</font></th><th class="headerSort" tabindex="0" role="columnheader button" title="Sort ascending" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 21px 0.2em 0.4em; background-color: rgb(234, 236, 240); text-align: center; background-image: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent), url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2221%22" height="%229%22" viewbox="%220" e="E" cpath="Cpath" d="%22M14.5" l-4="l-4" zm14.5="zM14.5" l-4-4-4="l-4-4-4" z="z" c="C" cursor="cursor" pointer="pointer" background-repeat="background-repeat" no-repeat="no-repeat" background-position="background-position" right="right" center="center" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">State</font></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2018</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Herbert" title="Gary Herbert" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gary Herbert</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Kentucky_Senate" title="President of the Kentucky Senate" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Senate President</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Stivers" title="Robert Stivers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert Stivers</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kentucky</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2017</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate_Brown" title="Kate Brown" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kate Brown</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oregon</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_Atkinson" title="Kelvin Atkinson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kelvin Atkinson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nevada</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2016</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Markell" title="Jack Markell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jack Markell</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Delaware</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beau_McCoy" title="Beau McCoy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Beau McCoy</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2015</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Sandoval" title="Brian Sandoval" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Brian Sandoval</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nevada</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Marcellino" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Marcellino" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Carl Marcellino</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2014</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Ray_Tomblin" title="Earl Ray Tomblin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Earl Ray Tomblin</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">West Virginia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Norris(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Norris (American politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mark Norris</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Tennessee</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2013</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Nixon" title="Jay Nixon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><b>Jay Nixon</b></a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000"><b>Missouri</b></font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_Stevens(Alaska_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gary Stevens (Alaska politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Gary Stevens</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Alaska</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2012</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Fortu%C3%B1o" title="Luis Fortuño" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Luis Fortuño</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Puerto Rico</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay_Emler" title="Jay Emler" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jay Emler</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kansas</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2011</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Schweitzer" title="Brian Schweitzer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Brian Schweitzer</a></span></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana" title="Montana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Montana</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert(Bob)Godfrey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert (Bob) Godfrey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Robert (Bob) Godfrey</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Connecticut</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">2010</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Rounds" title="Mike Rounds" style="text-decoration-line: none; background-image: none; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">Mike Rounds</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">South Dakota</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_L.Williams(politician)" title="David L. Williams (politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">David Williams</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kentucky</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2009</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Manchin" title="Joe Manchin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Joe Manchin III</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">West Virginia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senator <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_Davis" title="Bart Davis" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bart Davis</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Idaho</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2008</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.Jodi_Rell" class="mw-redirect" title="M. Jodi Rell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">M. Jodi Rell</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Connecticut</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Koppelman" title="Kim Koppelman" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kim Koppelman</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Dakota</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2007</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Henry" title="Brad Henry" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Brad Henry</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oklahoma</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah_Hudson" title="Deborah Hudson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Deborah Hudson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Delaware</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2006</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Douglas" title="Jim Douglas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jim Douglas</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Vermont</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl_Ray_Tomblin" title="Earl Ray Tomblin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Earl Ray Tomblin</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">West Virginia</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2005</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Ann_Minner" title="Ruth Ann Minner" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ruth Ann Minner</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[note 1]</a></sup></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Delaware</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Assemblyman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn_Hettrick" title="Lynn Hettrick" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lynn Hettrick</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nevada</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2004</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Murkowski" title="Frank Murkowski" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frank Murkowski</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Alaska</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hottinger" title="John Hottinger" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Hottinger</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Minnesota</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2003</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mike Huckabee</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Arkansas</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dan_Bosley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dan Bosley (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dan Bosley</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Massachusetts</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2002</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parris_Glendening" title="Parris Glendening" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Parris Glendening</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maryland</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Chichester(American_politician)" title="John Chichester (American politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Chichester</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Virginia</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2001</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_Kempthorne" title="Dirk Kempthorne" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dirk Kempthorne</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Idaho</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manny_Arag%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Manny Aragón" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Manny Aragón</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[note 2]</a></sup></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New Mexico</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">2000</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_E.Patton" title="Paul E. Patton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Paul E. Patton</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kentucky</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Ryder(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tom Ryder (politician) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tom Ryder</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1999</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy_Thompson" title="Tommy Thompson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Tommy Thompson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Wisconsin</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_McClintock" title="Kenneth McClintock" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kenneth McClintock</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[note 3]</a></sup></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Puerto Rico</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1998</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Rossell%C3%B3" title="Pedro Rosselló" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Pedro Rosselló</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[note 4]</a></sup></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Puerto Rico</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charlie_Williams(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charlie Williams (politician) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charlie Williams</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Mississippi</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1997</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Pataki" title="George Pataki" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George Pataki</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeff_Wells(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeff Wells (politician) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jeff Wells</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Colorado</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1996</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Leavitt" title="Mike Leavitt" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mike Leavitt</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stan_Aronoff" title="Stan Aronoff" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stan Aronoff</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Ohio</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1995</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel_Carnahan" title="Mel Carnahan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mel Carnahan</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missouri</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Assemblyman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Wertz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Wertz (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bob Wertz</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1994</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Nelson" title="Ben Nelson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ben Nelson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bob_Hunter(state_representative)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Hunter (state representative) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bob Hunter</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Carolina</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1993</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Edgar" title="Jim Edgar" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jim Edgar</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeannette_Hamby" title="Jeannette Hamby" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Jeannette Hamby</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oregon</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1992</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zell_Miller" title="Zell Miller" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Zell Miller</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia(U.S.state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Georgia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Connors(politician)" title="John Connors (politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Connors</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Iowa</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1991</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry_Branstad" title="Terry Branstad" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Terry Branstad</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Iowa</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.Paul_White" title="W. Paul White" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">W. Paul White</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Massachusetts</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1990</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_N.Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael N. Castle" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Michael N. Castle</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Delaware</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_B.Murphy" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas B. Murphy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas B. Murphy</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia(U.S.state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Georgia</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1989</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A.O%27Neill" title="William A. O'Neill" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William A. O'Neill</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Connecticut</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate President <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Christensen" title="Arnold Christensen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arnold Christensen</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1988</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_G.Martin" title="James G. Martin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James Martin</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Carolina</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate President Pro Tem <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mary_McClure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary McClure (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Mary McClure</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">South Dakota</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1987</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_H.Bryan" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard H. Bryan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Richard H. Bryan</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nevada</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Farley" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Farley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hugh Farley</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1986</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D.Orr" title="Robert D. Orr" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert D. Orr</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Indiana</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_E.Miller" title="John E. Miller" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John E. Miller</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Arkansas</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1985</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_S.Robb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles S. Robb" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles S. Robb</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Virginia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_I.Gibson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James I. Gibson (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James I. Gibson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nevada</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1984</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_R.Thompson" title="James R. Thompson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James R. Thompson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Roy_Hausauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Hausauer (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Roy Hausauer</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Dakota</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1983</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_M.Matheson(Utah_governor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott M. Matheson (Utah governor)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Scott M. Matheson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Timothy_J.Moynihan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy J. Moynihan (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Timothy J. Moynihan</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Connecticut</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1982</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_A.Snelling" title="Richard A. Snelling" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Richard A. Snelling</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Vermont</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_C.Royall_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth C. Royall Jr. (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Kenneth C. Royall Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Carolina</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1981</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Busbee" title="George Busbee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">George Busbee</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia(U.S.state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Georgia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grannell" title="William Grannell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William Grannell</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oregon</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1980</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis_R.Bowen" class="mw-redirect" title="Otis R. Bowen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Otis R. Bowen</a>, M.D.</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Indiana</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Senate Pres. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Ocasek" title="Oliver Ocasek" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Oliver Ocasek</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Ohio</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1979</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_M.Carroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Julian M. Carroll" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Julian M. Carroll</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kentucky</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_J.Kennelly&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James J. Kennelly (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James J. Kennelly</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Connecticut</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1978</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_G.Milliken" class="mw-redirect" title="William G. Milliken" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William G. Milliken</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Michigan</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clayton" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Clayton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bill Clayton</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Texas</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1977</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reubin_O%27Donovan_Askew" class="mw-redirect" title="Reubin O'Donovan Askew" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Reubin O'Donovan Askew</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Florida</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker Pro Tem <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J.Thomas" title="John J. Thomas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John J. Thomas</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Indiana</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1976</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_D.Ray" title="Robert D. Ray" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert D. Ray</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Iowa</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.Harry_Michael_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Harry Michael Jr. (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">J. Harry Michael Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Virginia</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1975</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_L.Rampton" title="Calvin L. Rampton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Calvin L. Rampton</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_J.Marchi" title="John J. Marchi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John J. Marchi</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1974</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_J.Evans" title="Daniel J. Evans" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Daniel J. Evans</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington(state)" title="Washington (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Washington</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_J.Lanting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William J. Lanting (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William J. Lanting</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Idaho</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1973</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin_Mandel" title="Marvin Mandel" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Marvin Mandel</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maryland</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Assemblyman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_J.Conrad" title="Charles J. Conrad" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles J. Conrad</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">California</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1972</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_A.Moore_Jr." title="Arch A. Moore Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arch A. Moore Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">West Virginia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_S.Smith,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Ray S. Smith, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ray S. Smith, Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Arkansas</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1971</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_E.Hearnes" title="Warren E. Hearnes" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Warren E. Hearnes</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missouri</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_L.Delaney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles L. Delaney (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles L. Delaney</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Vermont</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1970</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Arthur_Love" title="John Arthur Love" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John A. Love</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Colorado</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_L.Delaney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles L. Delaney (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles L. Delaney</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Vermont</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1969</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buford_Ellington" title="Buford Ellington" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Buford Ellington</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee" title="Tennessee" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Tennessee</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edwin_C.Becker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin C. Becker (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Edwin C. Becker</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Dakota</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1968</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_A.Volpe" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Volpe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John A. Volpe</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Massachusetts</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_L.Marcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward L. Marcus (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Edward L. Marcus</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Connecticut</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1967</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_L.Guy" title="William L. Guy" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William L. Guy</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Dakota</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_Welch_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Welch Jr. (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles Welch Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1966</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_H.Reed" title="John H. Reed" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John H. Reed</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine" title="Maine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maine</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Spradling,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Spradling, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Albert M. Spradling Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missouri</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1965</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant_Sawyer" title="Grant Sawyer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Grant Sawyer</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nevada</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C.George_DeStefano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. George DeStefano (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C. George DeStefano</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island" title="Rhode Island" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Rhode Island</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1964</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Anderson_Jr." title="John Anderson Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John Anderson Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kansas</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clarence_L.Carpenter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarence L. Carpenter (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Clarence L. Carpenter</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Arizona</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1963</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Rosellini" title="Albert Rosellini" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Albert D. Rosellini</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington(state)" title="Washington (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Washington</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=David_Davis(Illinois_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Davis (Illinois politician) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">David Davis</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1962</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Powell" title="Wesley Powell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Wesley Powell</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New Hampshire</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Speaker <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=J.D.McCarty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. D. McCarty (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">J. D. McCarty</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Oklahoma</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1961</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_L.R.McNichols" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen L.R. McNichols" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stephen L.R. McNichols</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Colorado</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hal_Bridenbaugh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hal Bridenbaugh (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Hal Bridenbaugh</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1960</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.Caleb_Boggs" title="J. Caleb Boggs" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">J. Caleb Boggs</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Delaware</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_J.McBride&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James J. McBride (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">James J. McBride</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California" title="California" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">California</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1959</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeRoy_Collins" title="LeRoy Collins" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">LeRoy Collins</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Florida</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_T.Barrett" title="Elisha T. Barrett" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Elisha T. Barrett</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1958</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Stratton" title="William Stratton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William G. Stratton</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W.Noble" title="John W. Noble" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John W. Noble</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missouri</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1957</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_B.Stanley" title="Thomas B. Stanley" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas B. Stanley</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Virginia</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_E.Panzer" title="Frank E. Panzer" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frank E. Panzer</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Wisconsin</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1956</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_B.Langlie" title="Arthur B. Langlie" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Arthur B. Langlie</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington(state)" title="Washington (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Washington</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_A.Ainsworth,Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A. Ainsworth, Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert A. Ainsworth, Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Louisiana</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1955</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F.Kennon" title="Robert F. Kennon" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert F. Kennon</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Louisiana</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carleton_G.Howe" title="Carleton G. Howe" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Carleton G. Howe</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Vermont</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1954</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Thornton" class="mw-redirect" title="Dan Thornton" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Dan Thornton</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Colorado</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanton_Hall" title="Stanton Hall" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Stanton Hall</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Mississippi</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1953</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Shivers" title="Allan Shivers" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Allan Shivers</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas" title="Texas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Texas</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisha_T.Barrett" title="Elisha T. Barrett" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Elisha T. Barrett</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1952</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Peterson" title="Val Peterson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Val Peterson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.Maynard_Magruder" title="J. Maynard Magruder" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">J. Maynard Magruder</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Virginia</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1951</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_J.Lausche" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank J. Lausche" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frank J. Lausche</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Ohio</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernice_T.Van_der_Vries" title="Bernice T. Van der Vries" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Bernice T. Van der Vries</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference" style="line-height: 1; unicode-bidi: isolate; white-space: nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_note-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">[note 5]</a></sup></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1950</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Carlson" title="Frank Carlson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Frank Carlson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Kansas</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_W.Noble(senator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Noble (senator) (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John W. Noble</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missouri</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1949</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Preston_Lane_Jr." title="William Preston Lane Jr." style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">William Preston Lane Jr.</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maryland</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burton_M.Cross" title="Burton M. Cross" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Burton M. Cross</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine" title="Maine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maine</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1948</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horace_Hildreth" title="Horace Hildreth" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Horace Hildreth</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine" title="Maine" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maine</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Charles_H.Jenkins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles H. Jenkins (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Charles H. Jenkins</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">North Carolina</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1947</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millard_F.Caldwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Millard F. Caldwell" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Millard F. Caldwell</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida" title="Florida" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Florida</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_W.Van_Ness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John W. Van Ness (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">John W. Van Ness</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Indiana</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1946</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Martin(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Edward Martin</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Pennsylvania</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S.Denmead_Kolb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S. Denmead Kolb (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">S. Denmead Kolb</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maryland</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1945</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_B.Maw" title="Herbert B. Maw" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Herbert B. Maw</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C.Petrus_Peterson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="C. Petrus Peterson (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">C. Petrus Peterson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1944</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Leverett Saltonstall</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Massachusetts</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grant_Macfarlane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Macfarlane (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Grant Macfarlane</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utah" title="Utah" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Utah</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1943</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_R.O%27Conor" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert R. O'Conor" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Herbert R. O'Conor</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Maryland</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thurman_A.Biddinger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thurman A. Biddinger (page does not exist)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thurman A. Biddinger</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Indiana</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1942</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_E.Stassen" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Stassen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harold E. Stassen</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Minnesota</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_C.Hendrickson" title="Robert C. Hendrickson" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert C. Hendrickson</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New Jersey</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1941</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_E.Stassen" class="mw-redirect" title="Harold E. Stassen" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harold E. Stassen</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Minnesota</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Brown" title="Edgar Allan Brown" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Edgar Brown</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">South Carolina</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1940</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd_C.Stark" title="Lloyd C. Stark" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Lloyd C. Stark</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Missouri</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Rep. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellwood_J.Turner" title="Ellwood J. Turner" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Ellwood J. Turner</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Pennsylvania</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1939</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L.Cochran" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert L. Cochran" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert L. Cochran</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Assemblyman <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_C.Ostertag" title="Harold C. Ostertag" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Harold C. Ostertag</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York(state)" title="New York (state)" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">New York</font></a></td></tr><tr><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">1938</font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Gov. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_L.Cochran" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert L. Cochran" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Robert L. Cochran</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Nebraska</font></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sen. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Vernor_Smith" title="Thomas Vernor Smith" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Thomas Vernor Smith</a></font></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0.2em 0.4em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Illinois</font></a></td></tr></tbody><tfoot /></table><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-9" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First female President</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-10" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Second Hispanic chair</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-11" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Hispanic Chair</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-12" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Hispanic President</span></font></li><li id="cite_note-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-13" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First female Chair</span></font></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><div class="reflist" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references" style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 3.2em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: none; list-style-type: inherit;"><li id="cite_note-CSG_Regional_Offices-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-CSG_Regional_Offices_1-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-CSG_Regional_Offices_1-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140220052340/http://www.csg.org/about/regionaloffices.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"CSG Regional Offices"</a>. The Council of State Governments. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/about/regionaloffices.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">the original</a> on February 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CSG+Regional+Offices&rft.pub=The+Council+of+State+Governments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csg.org%2Fabout%2Fregionaloffices.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-2" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/leadershipcenter/TollFellows.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"The CSG Henry Toll Fellowship Program"</a>. The Council of State Governments<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+CSG+Henry+Toll+Fellowship+Program&rft.pub=The+Council+of+State+Governments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csg.org%2Fleadershipcenter%2FTollFellows.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-What_is_the_Justice_Center-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-What_is_the_Justice_Center_3-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-What_is_the_Justice_Center_3-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/programs/policyprograms/justicecenter.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"What is the Justice Center?"</a>. The Council of State Governments<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+Justice+Center%3F&rft.pub=The+Council+of+State+Governments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csg.org%2Fprograms%2Fpolicyprograms%2Fjusticecenter.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-milestone-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-milestone_4-0" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up to:</span><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-milestone_4-1" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><sup style="line-height: 1;"><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation magazine" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Hopkins, Shawntaye (January–February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/pubs/capitolideas/2016_jan_feb/CI_Jan_Feb_2016_Interactive.pdf" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: url(" upload.wikimedia.org="upload.wikimedia.org" wikipedia="wikipedia" commons="commons" icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif="Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif" right="right" center="center" no-repeat="no-repeat" padding-right="padding-right" px="px">"From Milestone to Milestone CSG Evolves From the Vision of Henry Toll"</a> <span class="cs1-format" style="">(PDF)</span>. <i>Capitol Ideas</i>. Kentucky: The Council of State Governments.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Capitol+Ideas&rft.atitle=From+Milestone+to+Milestone+CSG+Evolves+From+the+Vision+of+Henry+Toll&rft.date=2016-01%2F2016-02&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Shawntaye&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csg.org%2Fpubs%2Fcapitolideas%2F2016_jan_feb%2FCI_Jan_Feb_2016_Interactive.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-5" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/category/content-type/bos-archive" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><i>The Book of the States</i></a>. Illinois: The Council of State Governments. 1937. pp. 8–13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+the+States&rft.place=Illinois&rft.pages=8-13&rft.pub=The+Council+of+State+Governments&rft.date=1937&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowledgecenter.csg.org%2Fkc%2Fcategory%2Fcontent-type%2Fbos-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-6" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kentucky.com/news/local/counties/fayette-county/article42610872.html" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"State-funded renovation of national group's Lexington headquarters expected to help with productivity"</a>. <i>Lexington Herald-Leader</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexington+Herald-Leader&rft.atitle=State-funded+renovation+of+national+group%27s+Lexington+headquarters+expected+to+help+with+productivity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kentucky.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcounties%2Ffayette-county%2Farticle42610872.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-7" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/category/content-type/content-type/book-states" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Book of the States"</a>. <i>CSG Knowledge Center</i>. The Council of State Governments<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CSG+Knowledge+Center&rft.atitle=Book+of+the+States&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fknowledgecenter.csg.org%2Fkc%2Fcategory%2Fcontent-type%2Fcontent-type%2Fbook-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li><li id="cite_note-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-cite-backlink" style="user-select: none;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_Governments#cite_ref-8" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><span class="cite-accessibility-label" style="user-select: none; top: -99999px; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Jump up</span></a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csg.org/about/committeeonSSL.aspx" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">"Committee on Shared State Legislation"</a>. The Council of State Governments<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap" style="white-space: nowrap;">May 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Committee+on+Shared+State+Legislation&rft.pub=The+Council+of+State+Governments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csg.org%2Fabout%2FcommitteeonSSL.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACouncil+of+State+Governments" class="Z3988" /></span></font></li></ol></div></div><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection" style="user-select: none; margin-left: 1em; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; unicode-bidi: isolate;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket" style="margin-right: 0.25em;">[</span></span></font></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Association_of_Counties" title="National Association of Counties" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National Association of Counties</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Center_for_State_Courts" title="National Center for State Courts" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National Center for State Courts</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Conference_of_State_Legislatures" title="National Conference of State Legislatures" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National Conference of State Legislatures</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_League_of_Cities" title="National League of Cities" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">National League of Cities</font></a></li></ul><h2 style="background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); line-height: 1.3;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span></font></h2><ul style="margin: 0.3em 0px 0px 1.6em; padding: 0px; list-style-image: url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%225%22" height="%2213%22%3E" ccircle="Ccircle" cx="%222.5%22" cy="%229.5%22" r="%222.5%22" fill="%22%2300528c%22/%3E" c="C" e="E" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080530051806/http://www.csg.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; 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background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Henry Toll Fellowship Program</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reentrypolicy.org/" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Reentry Policy Council</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3579" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Charity Navigator: The Council of State Governments</font></a></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.illinois.gov/PressReleases/ShowPressRelease.cfm?SubjectID=42&RecNum=5141" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">State of Illinois Wins National Award for Efficiency Efforts</a> (example of interest in States Innovation Awards)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050318235614/http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/polycomm/update/09-25-98/092598U1.HTM" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data">Pennsylvania Wins Second Innovations Award</a> (example of interest in States Innovation Awards)</font></li><li style="margin-bottom: 0.1em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.releases.gov.nl.ca/releases/1999/exec/0806n05.htm" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: linear-gradient(transparent, transparent) right center no-repeat, url(" data:image="data:image" svg="svg" xml="xml" csvg="Csvg" width="%2212%22" height="%2212%22%3E" cpath="Cpath" fill="%22%23fff%22" stroke="%22%2336c%22" d="%22M9.995" h5.982v10.5h1.5z="h5.982V10.5H1.5z" e="E" h11v5.39l9.427="H11v5.39L9.427" l-1.31-1.31l5.393="l-1.31-1.31L5.393" l-2.69-2.688="l-2.69-2.688" l4.2="L4.2" z="z" l.022="l.022" l8.2="L8.2" l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z="l2.882-2.88-1.85-1.852z" c="C" padding-right="padding-right" px="px" xmlns="%22http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%22" xmlns:data="data"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" color="#000000">Minister attending Council of State Governments Conference in Burlington, Vermon
t</font></a></li></ul></div></div><div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface" style="border: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); background-color: rgb(248, 249, 250); padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both;"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Categories</a>: </font><ul style="list-style: none none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; display: inline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" /><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 0px; padding: 0px 0.5em 0px 0.25em; zoom: 1;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Nonpartisan_organizations_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Nonpartisan organizations in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Nonpartisan organizations in the United States</a></font></font></font></font></font></font></font></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Government-related_professional_associations_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Government-related professional associations in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Government-related professional associations in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1933_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1933 establishments in the United States" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">1933 establishments in the United States</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_established_in_1933" title="Category:Organizations established in 1933" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Organizations established in 1933</a></li><li style="margin: 0.125em 0px; display: inline-block; line-height: 1.25em; border-left: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); padding: 0px 0.5em; zoom: 1;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_Lexington,Kentucky" title="Category:Organizations based in Lexington, Kentucky" style="text-decoration-line: none; background: none;">Organizations based in Lexington, Kentucky</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref 1</font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/todd-wynn-interior-ethics_us_5b23f523e4b0f9178a9cd1fc" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none;">https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/todd-wynn-interior-ethics_us_5b23f523e4b0f9178a9cd1fc</a></font></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">...Ryan Zinke's information from outside organizations comes under the control of a political appointee whose ties to former employers have raised ethics questions.</font></p><div class="content-list-component text" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>A top political appointee at the Interior Department repeatedly scheduled meetings with his former employers in an apparent violation of federal ethics rules,</b>HuffPost has learned.</font></span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><b>Todd Wynn, director of the agency’s powerful Office of Intergovernmental and External Affairs, worked as the task force director at the American Legislative Exchange Council from 2011 to 2013</b>, overseeing the energy, environment and agriculture division, and organizing three national conferences a year, a copy of his </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4501461-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p1/a428739" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="2" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">résumé</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> shows.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> He then joined the utility trade group Edison Electric Institute, </span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/greenpeace-confirms-six-utilities-quietly-dumped-alec/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="3" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">paying</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> to </span><a href="https://www.prwatch.org/news/2014/07/12553/utility-trade-group-funds-alec-attack-americans-who-use-solar" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="4" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">participate</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> in the ALEC task force he previously led.</span></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">On Oct. 27, he planned a 30-minute video call with </span><a href="https://spn.org/landing_page/protect-providers/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="5" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Jennifer Butler</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">, a senior policy adviser at the ALEC-linked State Policy Network, according to calendars released under a Freedom of Information Act request. On Dec. 19, he scheduled another such call with </span><a href="https://www.alec.org/person/grant-kidwell/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="6" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Grant Kidwell</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">, the ALEC director in charge of his former task force. A spokeswoman for ALEC denied that the meeting occurred. </span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Two days later, Wynn slotted 30 minutes for a call with </span><a href="http://www.csgwest.org/about/staff.aspx" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="7" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Rich Lindsey</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">, who heads the energy and environment committee at the </span><a href="http://conservativetransparency.org/recipient/council-of-state-governments/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="8" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">oil-funded</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> Council of State Governments ― where, according to his </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4501461-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p1/a428739" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="9" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">CV</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> and </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4413551-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p2/a419430" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="10" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">financial disclosures</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">, Wynn </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4501461-Todd-Wynn-CV.html#document/p1/a428739" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="11" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">also served</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> as a committee member from June 2015 until he joined the Interior Department.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">It’s unclear what might have been discussed during the calls, and indeed, HuffPost could not confirm whether they definitely took place as scheduled ― but the calendars of agency officials are generally reliable. The Interior Department and the three political operatives did not respond to HuffPost’s requests for comment on Friday.</font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Wynn’s meetings with ALEC and its affiliate did not violate the ethics pledge because his formal employment at the organization ended more than two years before he joined the agency, Interior Department spokeswoman Faith Vander Voort argued Monday via email. She said Wynn was not employed by the Council of State Governments. </font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Vander Voort did not respond to questions about Wynn’s continued work with ALEC through the Edison Electric Institute, his role at the Council of State Governments, or provide examples of other agency appointees with similar arrangements. </font></p></div><figure class="content-list-component image" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px auto 20px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; max-width: 100%; min-width: initial; width: 630px; line-height: 0; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span class="share-bar-image-wrapper" style="text-align: left; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; display: block; position: relative;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[pix looks like a proud boy]</font></span><div class="imagemeta-wrapper" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><span class="imagecredit" style="list-style: none; margin: 5px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; display: block; text-align: left; max-width: 100%; text-transform: uppercase;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">CASCADE POLICY INSTITUTE</font></span><figcaption class="image__caption" style="list-style: none; margin: 7px 0px 0px; padding: 0px 0px 8px; border-width: 0px 0px 1px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left; max-width: 100%;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Todd Wynn appears in a video posted on YouTube by the conservative Cascade Policy Institute, one of his former employers.</font></figcaption></div></figure><div class="content-list-component text" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">But on Oct. 16, Wynn </span><a href="https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4358479-Ethics-Documents-DOI.html#document/p60/a399819" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="13" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">signed</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> President <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/topic/donald-trump" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="14" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">Donald Trump</a>’s </span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-ethics-commitments-executive-branch-appointees/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="15" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">ethics pledge</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> prohibiting political appointees in the executive branch from participating “in any particular matter involving specific parties that is directly and substantially related to [one’s] former employer or former clients.” Barred interactions include “any meeting or other communication relating to the performance of one’s official duties with a former employer or former client, unless the communication applies to a particular matter of general applicability and participation in the meeting or other event is open to all interested parties.”</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">The scheduled calls </span><a href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/5/2635.502" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="16" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">also appear to violate</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> the “government-wide regulatory standards of conduct” that “bar [Wynn] from meeting personally with any former client or employer he served in the year prior to the meeting,” Walter Shaub, the former head of the Office of Government Ethics, said in an email.</span></b></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Apparent<b> conflicts of interest </b>are not new at the Interior Department. In March, </span><a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/lori-mashburn-interior-department-ethics-rules_us_5aa13ffae4b002df2c617609" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="17" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">HuffPost reported</span></a></span><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> that Lori Mashburn, the agency’s White House liaison, attended two private events hosted by her former employer, the conservative Heritage Foundation</span>. Her attendance violated the same ethics pledge Wynn signed. In May, <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/david-bernhardt-mgm-lobbyists-ballard-partners_us_5aea362ae4b022f71a04ca40" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="18" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;">newly released calendars</a> showed <b>David Bernhardt, the Interior Department’s deputy secretary, met with a trio of lobbyists for MGM Resorts International, the casino-resort giant that his longtime former employer also represents.</b></span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">Wynn has been a rising star in the influential network of fossil fuel-funded think tanks that push policies and produce pseudoscientific research to muddle the debate on climate change. He maintained those ties since taking over in a </span><a href="https://www.doi.gov/intergov" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="19" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">critical position</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> that controls the flow of information at the Interior Department, serving as a gatekeeper between Secretary Ryan Zinke and outside organizations.</span></font></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; list-style: none; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"><b>In November, Wynn attended an energy conference hosted by the Heartland Institute, </b>a former tobacco industry defender turned aggressive climate change denial outfit<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">. Later that month he met with Reaching America, a group that </span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="http://reachingamerica.org/timeline/energy/" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="20" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">advocates</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> for increasing fossil fuel extraction as a means of reducing racial inequality. Throughout that month, he held four separate meetings with the Property and Environment Research Center, a Montana-based “free market” group </span><a href="https://spn.org/directory/#MT" target="blank" data-rapid-elm="context_link" data-ylk="elm:context_link" data-rapid-sec="{" entry-text="entry-text" data-rapid_p="21" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset; transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease-out 0s, background-color 0.3s ease-out 0s;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;">associated</span></a><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; box-sizing: inherit;"> with the State Policy Network.</span></span></font></p></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">ref2</font></b></p><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="1" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/topic/interior-department" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:1;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="1" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">Interior Department</a> advisory group relied on a top energy industry lobbyist to help draft a list of potential regulatory rollbacks,</span> documents obtained by HuffPost show.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="2" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>At least one suggestion ― reducing the role that local environmental concerns play in leasing federal lands for oil and gas development ― quickly became a reality.</b></font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="3" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Onshore Work Group, charged with recommending how Interior Secretary <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/topic/ryan-zinke" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:3;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="2" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">Ryan Zinke</a> ought to regulate federal lands available for fossil fuel development, already has deep ties to the energy industry.<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> Its chair is <a href="https://www.westernenergyalliance.org/alliance/who-we-are/staff" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:3;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="3" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">Kathleen Sgamma</a>, the president of the oil and gas industry group <a href="https://www.westernenergyalliance.org/" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:3;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="4" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">Western Energy Alliance</a> and a vocal proponent of tearing down many Obama-era environmental protections.</span></font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="4" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But metadata from the working group’s first draft of recommendations further link the Interior Department with the industry it is tasked with regulating. According to the metadata, Tripp Parks, the <b>Western Energy Alliance’s head of government affairs, was the initial author of the document.</b></font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="5" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The working group belongs to a growing cadre of industry-friendly advisory bodies Zinke has set up to guide his agenda. In November, he assembled a wildlife conservation advisory group dominated by people with <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/zinke-creates-new-outdoor-recreation-panel-made-up-entirely-of-industry-advisers/2018/03/26/04f3e960-2f9a-11e8-8688-e053ba58f1e4_story.html?utm_term=.612ae7cf5ba9" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:5;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="6" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">links to trophy hunting</a>. Most members of a public lands advisory group have connections to the outdoor recreation industry.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="6" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">“It’s a huge concern,” said John DeCicco, a University of Michigan research professor who has worked for the environmental advocacy group Environmental Defense Fund. Under previous administrations, DeCicco said, committees like these were usually composed of scientific experts. “What it really represents is that certain powerful interests, moneyed interests, they have the ear of policymakers who are running roughshod over due process and running roughshod over important checks and balances that are supposed to be there.”</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="7" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> working group was set up under the umbrella of the <a href="https://www.doi.gov/rpc" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:7;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="7" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">Royalty Policy Committee</a>, a group tasked with recommending the royalty rates the federal government should charge for drilling. Many of the committee’s members <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/interior-panel-weighs-lower-royalty-payments-for-offshore-oil-gas-drilling/2018/02/25/85e0ec14-18cd-11e8-92c9-376b4fe57ff7_story.html?utm_term=.27f67240b38f" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:7;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="8" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">hail from the oil and gas sector</a> or have significant ties to it.</span> Whereas the same committee had a narrow, technical focus under previous administrations, under Zinke, it has been making <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/interior-panel-weighs-lower-royalty-payments-for-offshore-oil-gas-drilling/2018/02/25/85e0ec14-18cd-11e8-92c9-376b4fe57ff7_story.html?utm_term=.27f67240b38f" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:7;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="9" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">sweeping proposals</a> to roll back regulations on federal lands. The committee members who set up the working group have <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/interior-panel-weighs-lower-royalty-payments-for-offshore-oil-gas-drilling/2018/02/25/85e0ec14-18cd-11e8-92c9-376b4fe57ff7_story.html?utm_term=.27f67240b38f" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:7;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="10" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">proposed</a> measures like charging bargain-basement royalties for deepwater drilling operations and have described their mandate as “looking at steps to be taken to make DOI a better business partner to its investors.”</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="8" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Some of those steps appear to have been come directly from the Western Energy Alliance. A document obtained under the Freedom of Information Act reveals that Parks created the draft recommendations one day before Sgamma circulated them to committee members overseeing the working group.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="9" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“It’s a very clear instance of regulatory capture,”</b> said Pat Gallagher, the Sierra Club’s legal director. Of the recommendations, he said, “There is no other object than to get drill bits in the ground as quickly as possible.”</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="10" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">At best, Gallagher said, industry representatives are creating an echo chamber inside the Interior Department. Several of Parks’ recommendations mirror <a href="https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/interior_energy_actions_report_final.pdf" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:10;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="11" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">a report</a> the department released in October on “energy burdens.” Sgamma told HuffPost that Parks’ name appears in the document’s metadata because she asked him to pull out relevant sections of the report. This was “the full extent of my staff’s involvement,” she wrote in an email. W<span style="font-weight: bold;">hat it really represents is that certain powerful interests, moneyed interests, they have the ear of policy makers who are running roughshod over due process.</span></font></p></div><blockquote class="content-list-component js-sparkle pull-quote sparkle--none" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 5px 0px 25px; padding: 15px 40px; border: none; line-height: 1.5em; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span class="attribution" style="box-sizing: inherit; display: block;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">John DeCicco, University of Michigan research professor</font></span></blockquote><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="11" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The recommendations included items that had been on Western Energy Alliance’s wish list for years, like a proposal to abandon the practice of re-evaluating long-term leases instead of automatically renewing them, which allowed federal regulators to plan around major changes to the landscape, such as new suburban developments.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="12" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sgamma circulated the draft ― which she described as focusing on “increasing the competitiveness of federal lands” ― on <span tabindex="0" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Jan. 9</span>, inviting her fellow group members to make changes. Some of Parks’ initial recommendations were cut from later drafts, but the agency has already taken action on one recommendation that survived: The Interior Department quietly ceased the Obama-era practice of planning local drilling sites according to local environmental concerns on Jan. 31. The industry had long argued that the practice created a redundant roadblock to new drilling projects.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="13" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>“We’re very pleased,” Sgamma said at the time.</b></font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="14" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">A handful of the most influential oil and gas developers in the country fund the Western Energy Alliance. Although it does not currently publicize the names of its members, the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/us/politics/pr-executives-western-energy-alliance-speech-taped.html" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:14;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="17" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">alliance has included</a> Devon Energy, Halliburton, Anadarko Petroleum and Pioneer Natural Resources. Its political action committee donated $5,000 to Zinke’s campaigns while he served as Montana’s lone congressman.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="15" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>The Western Energy Alliance fiercely opposed the Obama administration’s efforts to regulate the oil and gas industry, </b>sometimes to the point of adopting a siege mentality. It <a href="https://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/10/31/us/politics/pr-executives-western-energy-alliance-speech-taped.html" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:15;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="18" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">invited Rick Berman</a>, known for his ruthless, corporate-backed PR campaigns against environmentalists, to address its members in 2014. At the event, Berman framed the struggle against environmental groups<strong style="box-sizing: inherit;"> </strong>as “an endless war.”</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="16" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The draft recommendations are not the only example of the Western Energy Alliance having an outsized voice in the Trump administration. Parks, who is not registered as a lobbyist, previously <a href="https://westernvaluesproject.org/western-values-project-opens-investigation-in-response-to-leaked-document-revealing-industry-influence-of-interiors-sage-grouse-review/" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:16;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="19" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">presented</a> an Interior advisory group with 15 recommendations for scrapping protections for the <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/topic/sage-grouse" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:16;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="20" data-v9y="0" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">greater sage-grouse</a>, which the industry felt impeded new energy projects; the advisory group adopted 13 of them.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="17" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The Interior Department did not respond to HuffPost’s questions about Parks’ role in drafting the recommendations. Sgamma has defended her role in making policy recommendations to the Interior Department by <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/interior-panel-weighs-lower-royalty-payments-for-offshore-oil-gas-drilling/2018/02/25/85e0ec14-18cd-11e8-92c9-376b4fe57ff7_story.html?utm_term=.5cc88870b736" target="blank" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:17;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="21" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">noting</a> she has subject matter expertise. “I’m not an alternate member of the Royalty Policy Committee because of my sparkling personality,” she told HuffPost.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="18" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Sgamma added that the Interior Department had considered scrapping several of the Western Energy Alliance’s least favorite regulations even before the formation of her working group. </font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="19" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But the alliance’s relationship with the Trump administration also stretches back many months. </font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="20" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Entries in Zinke’s calendar show he met with representatives of the alliance in April 2017. A brief prepared for the secretary reminded him of a <a href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/trump-order-regulations_us_588f800ce4b02772c4e81d83" data-ylk="subsec:paragraph;cpos:20;elm:context_link;itc:0" data-rapid-parsed="slk" data-rapid_p="22" data-v9y="1" style="text-decoration-line: none; font-weight: bold; outline: none; box-sizing: inherit; box-shadow: rgb(13, 190, 152) 0px -2px 0px inset;">Trump administration order</a> that for every new regulation created, agencies must place two old regulations on the chopping block.</font></p></div><div class="content-list-component yr-content-list-text text" data-rapid-cpos="21" data-rapid-subsec="paragraph" data-rapid-parsed="subsec" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: inherit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; width: 705px; max-width: 720px; min-width: initial;"><p dir="ltr" style="margin: 0px 0px 20px; box-sizing: inherit; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.75rem;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">The brief recommended that Zinke ask the alliance lobbyists which regulations he should scrap. But it wasn’t a matter of urgency: The agency has already rolled back more than two regulations for every new rule, the brief made clear, with the result that it had “built [up] a credit.”</font></p></div><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"></font></b></p><p style="margin-top: 8px; margin-bottom: 8px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></b></p><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="4"></font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">drilled</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">fines boost $150,000 but 10x for organizing (not even on site) 1.5 mil$</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">treas state...front montana</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">witchita regional CoC = koch</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">BP, exxon, API, trade groups; koch reg to lobby ark and alabama</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><a href="https://drillednews.com/another-line-3-battleground-free-speech/">https://drillednews.com/another-line-3-battleground-free-speech/</a></font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We’ve covered the ongoing, fossil fuel-backed push to<b> criminalize protest </b>before. In 2017, Oklahoma passed the first of these bills, specifically citing the Standing Rock protest of the Dakota Access Pipeline in North Dakota.<b> Then American Fuel and Petrochemicals Manufacturers (AFPM), the trade group for refineries and petrochemical facilities, crafted sample legislation based on the Oklahoma bill, and pushed the American Legal Exchange Council (ALEC) to adopt it. In 2020 ,</b> the Covid-19 pandemic slowed things down a bit, but in 2021 things are speeding up. In January, Ohio passed a bill that’s been debated for years, bringing the total number of states with so-called “critical infrastructure laws” in place to 14.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">What’s defined as critical infrastructure varies a bit from state to state, but pipelines are always included; penalties range, too, but across the board these laws increase both the criminal and financial penalties of protest, potentially landing protestors in jail for years with <b>fines up to $150,000</b>. It’s worth noting that all of these states have trespassing and property damage laws already, it’s not as though those things have been going unpunished; the new laws merely make the consequences much tougher. They also add penalties for organizers and organizing entities. <b>In Montana, for example, a proposed bill would fine organizations up to a million dollars for being involved in protest.</b></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">All of which comes into play in Minnesota, where the fight against Line 3 is underway. There are currently six bills under consideration in the state, packaged into <a href="https://polluterwatch.org/MINNESOTA-Oil-Gas-Critical-Infrastructure-Anti-Protest-Bills-alec-csg/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; text-decoration-line: none; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;">four legislative packages. </a>If any of them pass, not only could protestors be facing stiffer penalties but also the organizations involved, most of them led by Native women, could find themselves slapped with large fines too.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">In this interview, researcher Connor Gibson walks us through the origin of these laws, why they’re picking up steam, and what to expect this year.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">[audio]</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Connor Gibson:</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">There’s only one state this year that really has a high profile pipeline protest going on, that’s Minnesota.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">PBS News Hour: </span>30 years ago this week, the line three pipeline in northern Minnesota ruptured, spilling one point seven million gallons of crude oil into a frozen river near Grand Rapids, Minnesota. If the river had not been frozen, the oil could have seeped into the Mississippi River and contaminated drinking water for millions. Downstream protests have been ongoing to stop construction, rerouting a section of the line three pipeline, which could impact indigenous communities and local waterways.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Hello and welcome to Drilled, I’m Amy Westervelt. You might have heard recently about the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 51);">Line 3</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> pipeline project in Minnesota. Some people are calling it the next Standing Rock because it’s been at the center of protests for years, particularly from indigenous tribes in the area. Activist and author Winona LaDuke has been involved in that fight for seven years. Here she is talking to PBS news about it earlier this month.</span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Winona LaDuke: </span>I’m a grandmother, you know, and we’re standing out there. I have six charges against me for this pipeline. And there’s a bunch of us that are facing charges for, you know, trying to be a water protector.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">PBS News Hour: </span>LaDuke and others have been part of this seven year fight opposing the project throughout the state and federal review processes.</font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Winona LaDuke: </span><span style="border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">It is the largest tar sands pipeline in the world. This pipeline is the equivalent of 50 new coal fired power plants. So, you know, if you’re trying to save the planet, this is not the way to do it.</span></span></span></span></span></font></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>I couldn’t get to Minnesota myself. I’m not vaccinated yet, so I don’t want to impose myself on the community. Plus I have kids. But also this is one of those stories where I want to hear from local, and particularly Native journalists. I did want to see, though, whether the evolving Line 3 story dovetailed at all with something else I’ve been tracking: fossil fuel-backed anti-protest bills. I’ve written about this a few times. A bunch of other journalists have done some great reporting on it as well. There’s some good stuff in Huff Post and The Intercept. I’ll drop some links in the show notes for those of you who want to read more.</font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">These bills have been passed in 14 states now and proposed in about half the states in the country. They differ a little bit from state to state, but in general they increase the fines and jail time associated with trespassing dramatically. They often bump trespassing up from a misdemeanor to a felony. And they seem to be specifically targeting organizers and the organizations they work with, with steep penalties for organizing or training activists who then trespass. So even if the organizer isn’t there at the protest, they can still be charged.</font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><b>And it turns out there are six—six—anti-protest bills making their way through the Minnesota state legislature right now</b>. Some of them are bundled together, so it amounts to four different legislative packages. But still, that’s a lot. And it’s important because on top of cracking down on pipeline protests, there’s growing concern that these bills will be used to quell other sorts of protests, too. And remember, Minnesota was ground zero for last summer’s Black Lives Matter protests in the days after police murdered George Floyd.</font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">To talk about Minnesota’s proposals, where these laws came from in general and how they’re moving through the country right now, I asked researcher Connor Gibson to join me. He’s been keeping tabs on these bills really since they started to pick up steam in the wake of the Standing Rock protests. That conversation coming up right after this quick break.</font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>It seems like all of a sudden the pace has picked up again, but I don’t know if that’s just like a feeling or if that’s actually what happened. So I’m curious to see what you’ve seen on that front.</font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yes, it is the case that the fossil fuel infrastructure, anti protest bills are currently gaining steam in the 2021 legislative sessions of many states. I think the main difference between this year and last year is last year the pandemic really just messed up the strategy. We still saw plenty of bills and laws passed in twenty twenty. But I think it’s it was reduced by the impact of the pandemic, the confusion and cancelations and delays that caused the state legislature. So I suspect what we’re seeing in twenty twenty one is a lot of what companies intended to do last year. They just weren’t able to do as much as quickly as they would have liked. But that said, bills still passed into law during the pandemic in</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> West Virginia and Kentucky. And this year we’re seeing more states continue the trend, including some states that failed to pass bills last year, like Illinois, like Alabama. And there’s only one state this year that really has high profile pipeline protests going on, that’s Minnesota, with the Line 3 revamp being done by Enbridge and being hastened along by many other players in the oil industry</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">, so that makes the situation a little bit more relevant and urgent in Minnesota than in other states. <b>I can’t tell you why Arkansas cares so much; its big pipeline resistance kind of happened a couple of years ago with the Diamond Pipeline,</b> right.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>Connor, did that come into play in Oklahoma, too? Is it the same pipeline, the Diamond pipeline?</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>I want to say yes.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>Yep, it was. I checked. So in early 2017, local newspapers in Arkansas and Oklahoma were reporting that tribes, mostly in Oklahoma, did not approve of the Diamond Pipeline and that several Indigenous activists plan to protest it. There was a lot of hand-wringing about whether this would be the “next Standing Rock.” I’m noticing a theme here. In February 2017,<b> Oklahoma Representative Scott Biggs proposed the anti protest bill </b>that the rest would be based on. Here’s a bit of tape from that session. The person you’ll hear pushing Biggs for answers is Representative Cory Williams.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Rep Scott Biggs: </span>This issue has definitely risen to the level of concern here in Oklahoma, giving our state status as an oil producer, energy producer and what’s going on in other states. So we took what happened or what bill we passed last year with the critical infrastructure bill regarding flying drones over refineries or Cushing or places like that. And we’ve now expanded that to provide some greater protection for those those critical infrastructures that are necessary for the state to operate. So the proposed committee sub basically lines out. Trespassing helps defines what critical infrastructure is and provides for some enhanced penalties for damage caused by trespassing.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Rep Cory Williams: </span>Thank you, Mr. Chairman. When I was looking through some of the definitions on this, and I am. A lot of them I can see, but a couple of them, I thought, well, that’s pretty open ended if we wanted to prosecute it just as railroad tracks. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That’s that’s pretty open ended thing to consider to be critical infrastructure that would have this enhanced penalty along with it. I mean, I understand like a power generation facility and substations and things like that. I guess my question is twofold. Do you think that in a couple of these definitions might be a little bit open ended and allow some abusive prosecution? And then secondly, can you tell can you elaborate more on you said that this has risen to the level of a need. Can you describe the incident that there are incidents that have brought to the forefront?</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Rep Scott Biggs: </span>Answer your questions, number one. Absolutely not. I do not believe the prosecutors are abusive in their discretion and their role and their function to protect the state. I know you disagree with me on that. And we have for four years. But no, they’re not abusive in their discretion. No, I do not disagree, you know, agree with you that these definitions are open ended. I believe that if you have an issue with the rail industry, I’m pretty sure the rail industry could demonstrate how they’re vital to Oklahoma. You know, there in Cushing, just south of your district, is extremely vital. The oil gas industry for all the rail pumping in this crude oil, because the pipelines have been protesting, the pipelines have been built. So now they’re using rail to move that oil, to move those products into our state.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>The Oklahoma bill was pointed to as the one that all the other bills were modeled after, but not without some help from the fossil fuel industry. In fact, industry reps were there the day Oklahoma’s bill was introduced. Ready to answer questions</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Rep Cory Williams: </span>in your last response, I didn’t actually hear you elaborate on the incidents. It was it just the pipeline incident or I don’t think they did damage to property, but obviously There,</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">I’m pretty sure they did a whole lot of damage to property in North Dakota.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Is that.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Yes, please join if you want to learn more. We actually have a meeting here at four o’clock today with some individuals from North Dakota that are here to talk to us, talk to the industry about what they’re having to deal with, the aftermath of those protesters up there as four o’clock and McBryde as sponsoring that open meeting to the public. But, yes, that is the main reason behind this.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>So there’s a bit of background on the origins of these bills. Now back to my conversation with Connor for more.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>OK, so actually maybe I’ll have you back up a little bit and give folks a brief sort of history of these bills that, you know, they sort of started to appear with the Oklahoma bill shortly after Standing Rock, and very much were a reaction to that protest<span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>Sure thing. I’m actually going to take us way back in time to<b> September 11th, 2001,</b> terrible day in world history when the World Trade Centers went down and the Pentagon was attacked and the country was in a state of fear and confusion and very much ready to accept some draconian government restrictions in the name of our national security and not having to live through anything like that. Again, there were some industries that were starting to have this kind of conversation and the first more coherent discussion that I saw about critical infrastructure. And upping penalties for people that are trespassing on it or near it or certainly damaging any of the equipment, those conversations, as far as I can tell, were starting to happen in two thousand three, two thousand four. There was a law that was passed in Louisiana, Act one fifty seven, that set in motion the idea that there would be heightened penalties for trespassing on critical infrastructure sites. I don’t think oil pipelines were included efforts in that Louisiana law. They added that in twenty fifteen. </font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman" style=""><b style="font-weight: inherit;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">But at that point, some companies, including oil companies, started talking about this. And there is a group that’s similar to </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">ALEC, but not nearly as captured and partizan called the </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Council of State Governments.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">It is a bipartisan consortium of state legislators.</span></b><span style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span><span style="font-weight: inherit; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);">They do produce some model legislation in a way that’s similar to ALEC. But in addition to working in ways that are much more broad than Alec does a bunch of different kinds of legislative trainings and working groups on various issues, the Council of State Governments produced a a report that was financed by BP and others that embellished upon some of this.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-weight: inherit;"> And then I couldn’t really tell you what happens between twenty six 2006] and twenty fifteen. As far as my research went, there didn’t seem to be any major events, but twenty fifteen. And</span><b> this is before standing rock and before the Dakota Access Pipeline </b><span style="font-weight: inherit;">was being hotly protested, Louisiana started updating that critical infrastructure law that it had passed in 2004.</span></span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>Interesting.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span>And. It wasn’t until 2017 the end of the year, December, that the American Legislative Exchange Council ended up creating a model bill, which is just to say that there were some states starting to field test different avenues with which to restrict oil and gas. Protesters specifically including Alabama, including Michigan, including Washington, they just hadn’t taken coherent shape in terms of this play that we’re seeing now where it’s felony level penalties for people who are committing nonviolent acts of trespass, coupled with compounded fines and jail sentences, often for organizations or individuals who are found to be affiliated with those protesters. They don’t have to have trespass themselves. They don’t have to have damaged anything themselves. If they’re affiliated with somebody that did they wind up being charged in the first state to pass both of those things in a pretty clear and coherent way with Oklahoma in 2017. And that’s usually where the story starts in terms of people that are following and talking about the issue.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">But I do think it’s important to know that it didn’t just explode randomly or not so randomly, but in reaction to standing rock, there was activity happening in a lot of these states leading up to that point. And in twenty seventeen things really became codified into the strategy that we’ve seen. It was later that year the American Legislative Exchange Council passed its model bill internally within itself at a meeting in December of that year. And there’s really there was some excellent reporting that was done that actually has really helped inform and understand how this trend took off. There was a letter that was written to the legislators who participated in that specific ALEC meeting in December 2017. </font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">They had not yet approved this critical infrastructure felony law template law yet. A</span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">nd the American Chemistry Council, which is chemical manufacturers, lobbyists, and the Edison Electric Institute, which is electric utility lobbyists and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, which is the refinery companies, in addition to Marathon Petroleum and the American Gas Association, which is gas utility companies, they all signed a letter to ALEC’s legislators </b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">and said, please make a model bill out of this, do it at this meeting, do it in the next few days. And they listed a bunch of reasons justifying why a law was needed. One of the examples used was the valve turners, a nonviolent protest that occurred in order to stop the development of the Keystone XL pipeline and and the the valve turners example was the </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">only example that was used by these lobbyists to justify these laws that didn’t have to do actually with oil industry, ex employees or people suffering from serious incidents of mental illness, committing acts of sabotage against U.S. infrastructure.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);"> So much like we’re seeing with the Capitol riots, where George Floyd gets murdered by police, a bunch of time goes by. Republicans theorize about ways to punish the people who are reacting in outrage to the murder of black and brown people in this country by police officers. Then the Capitol riots happen. A bunch of white supremacists stormed the Capitol and now we’re going to be passing riot laws to go after Black people, essentially for the sins committed by white nationalists.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">This trend in the oil and gas industry struck me as starkly similar there, justifying going after environmental protesters who are largely nonviolent, committing acts of civil disobedience in order to stop the fossil fuel buildout and blaming them with behavior that actually was had nothing to do with environmental activism.<b> Some of the tribal groups in Montana who protested the bill that is currently making its way through that legislature a terrible, terrible bill, maximum sentence of 30 years in prison, max, fines of one point five million dollars</b>. If you linked to somebody who was arrested under those offenses, it’s an individual protester in Montana would be subject to a max fine of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, which is atrocious. That is way bigger than most of these states. The penalties in these states, which are draconian enough, tends to cap around like twenty or twenty five thousand dollars. Montana has upping it to one hundred and fifty thousand, but times ten if you are found to be a supporter of a protester arrested. And of course, Keystone XL cuts through at least one of the reservations in Montana. And I believe that’s the Flathead Tribal Reservation, the LAS. The bill was protested in committee by a lot of different indigenous peoples from different tribal nations and different native organizations, non-profits in Montana, and they were all concerned not only about the ongoing fight over Keystone XL, but just once the laws on the books, who knows what it will be used to punish people for in regard to any future infrastructure project that qualified for critical infrastructure.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>And it’s quite broad, right? The definition of critical infrastructure.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">Yes. And I would have to look at Montana’s definitions again, because all of the states are a little bit different. But roughly following the trend that was set forth by the state of Oklahoma and by the American Legislative Exchange Council is model bill. It includes utility infrastructure, electric transmission lines. It includes </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">pipelines of all kinds. That includes water infrastructure. Some of them include dams. The Louisiana levees was attempted to be added to the definitions last year, which failed gas compressor stations, refineries, export terminals. Pretty much everything you can think of that is dirty energy infrastructure qualifies as critical under this bill.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> Right.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>Right. I do wonder how much some of these laws could be used to tamp down on various other types of protests like the Black Lives Matter protests, some new research done, and I’m not sure if it’s out there yet or not around some groups that have been looking at what Gibson Dunn has done in response, both to indigenous tribes in Ecuador suing Chevron and to the standing rock protests against their client energy transfer partners and using RICO. I definitely hear echoes of in these in these anti protest laws, especially the recent ones where they’re going after the quote unquote organizers there.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson:</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span>It…the plot thickens, Amy, because in the bill that’s currently being considered in Kansas and it has already passed the Senate in Kansas, it actually has a hearing in the House tomorrow, which is March 17th. That bill includes a <b>RICO provision</b> and what I believe is the first overlap between corporations using racketeering, anti mafia laws to go after their critics or attorneys representing plaintiffs that inconvenience them or whatever it might be, an anti protest, the fossil fuel anti protest laws specifically, I believe RICO is also starting to creep into the broader trend of riot redefinition and protesting laws where you find the lowest common the common denominator way to accuse somebody of rioting and then you get to charge them with very, very serious felonies. And if some of these states succeed, potentially racketeering implication, as well as if civil disobedience is organized crime.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>In very simple terms, that is the attempt that’s underway: it’s to redefine civil disobedience as organized crime. And people should know that the RICO laws were created to to deal with the mob.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span>Yeah, I’m sorry. Just like the more extreme. And I don’t even want to use that word because there’s no explosions or violence or threats involved. But like an activist cutting a fence or <b>throwing a carpet over the razor wire and trespassing or even shutting off a pipeline valve, I’m sorry. That’s not like walking into somebody’s store and breaking their kneecaps for not paying their dues that month or even nearly as threatening about that.</b></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Do you have a count of how many states have enacted these laws and then how many are sort of in play right now?</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">I do. OK, there are a <b>total of 14 states</b> that have so far passed the fossil fuel infrastructure, anti protest bills since twenty seventeen. The most recent one was in two thousand twenty one. But the the fight actually started years previous, and that’s Ohio. They just passed a law in January. That bill carried over from the previous year. After that, we’ve seen bills pop up in Minnesota for a grand total of six bills. I don’t know, they’re just really disorganized or what. Some of them are concurrent. So it’s really it’s basically four legislative packages in Minnesota in the form of six bills.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">That’s really interesting to me in the context of the Line 3 protests right now. Is there any sense that like the number of proposals or the movement on them recently is connected to some sort of reaction to that protest?</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">That’s a great question. I’m going to say my gut tells me yes, because in 2018 there was only one bill. In 2019 there were two bills. And I believe they were they might have been concurrent. And then 2020 there were also two bills. And then suddenly this year are six. There’s also there’s a little bit of difference between some of them. Some of the bills are more focused on the felonies for the individuals, including the loophole that you’re trespassing on a fossil fuel infrastructure facility with the intent to impede or inhibit or and another bill with the intent to disrupt the operation. I’m going to go ahead and say a aggressive prosecutor would slap me with a felony charge if I was sitting in front of a road because that would impede or inhibit the operation of the facility or disrupt the operation. So that’s like that’s where the loophole is. </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">You’re right. They frame this as if it’s about property damage, as if it’s about violence. Guess what? All of that’s already illegal everywhere it has been</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">. Right. </span><b style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">All of this nation’s recent history and all of the state’s recent history. You can’t hurt people. You can’t blow stuff up. You can’t damage property, you can’t trespass. There are laws on the books to deal with those things.</b><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> So what these bills really aimed to change, then the mills to the Minnesota bills illustrated well is that there is a loophole put in there that if you’re</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);"> disrupting or interrupting the facility </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">in some minor way, you’re on the hook for the same level felony offense that is normally reserved for somebody who is abusing or hurting another human being.</span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>Yeah, I think that’s a that’s a good way to put it. And an important thing for people to understand that it’s not like in the absence of these bills, there has just been a blanket permissiveness for trespassing and property rights.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Activists protesting you know, the people at Standing Rock in addition to getting blasted by the cops, water cannons and freezing cold temperatures and attacked by dogs and having their arms blown off by concussion grenades and stuff like that, like the people who are arrested, like trespassing in those situations. They do without having to get charged with things. And they do end up having to fight that out in court. And I know that for skeptics of like kind of protest culture and this like perhaps what’s seen as a really self-righteous liberalism to stand up for what’s right, that really irks some people. But I don’t think they think about how the people who engage in acts of civil disobedience really have a lot of shit to deal with after that happens. Or I’ll use myself as an example. Right. Like people are annoyed that somebody like me, this college educated white kid like goes and protest the Keystone XL pipeline in 2011 at the White House, which I did, there was a mass civil disobedience. We all got arrested. We went to jail. </font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">We didn’t have to go to a cell. We just had to pay our hundred dollars and forfeit and we got to leave, you know, but in many of these situations, that is not what happens. You go to jail, you get held, you get out, you have to talk with lawyers. You have to show up for court hearings. Several months to several years of your life is potentially disrupted. Even if you don’t end up going to prison or paying thousands of dollars in fines, you would lose a lot of time and you lose a lot of money in order to take that principled stand. So it’s not just a bunch of spoiled kids that don’t have to deal with any consequence. And they’re really abusing, you know, major loopholes in our legal system. They are accepting those consequences. Right. Or the kind of higher calling and saying no more fossil fuel infrastructure is not OK. More oil spills are not OK, more disruption to the sovereignty of indigenous nations. Treaties we have violated over and over and over again is not OK.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">[00:27:22] </span>OK, so you were saying there’s Minnesota, there’s four different legislative packages that are kind of in play in Minnesota.</font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Connor Gibson: </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-style: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Right. And they’re all aimed in differing ways that felonies for individual violators as well as going after people affiliated with them as well. So you don’t even necessarily have to commit the crimes. And this is so if you’re a Sierra Club or a Greenpeace or any other organization, maybe the American Civil Liberties Union and you’re you’ve been on email threads with these activists, it raises the question, are you liable for the crimes they commit? Like a fool I met could go do something like spray paint, a piece of equipment. And, you know, that just strikes me as exceptionally unfair that I can possibly held be held to account for that thing that I didn’t give permission to be affiliated with and I wouldn’t have recommended and yadda, yadda. So that’s a big problem with in Kansas. There is a similar bill, as I believe I said earlier, that is part. Out of one of the legislative chambers and it has a hearing tomorrow, there are some groups locally opposing it, Kansas Interfaith Action as testified against the bill, the Kansas Sierra Club has testified against the bill and showing up against them, of course, is the <span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">American fuel and petrochemical manufacturers, as well as the Wichita Regional Chamber. I’m going to go ahead and guess much means Koch Industries and Cessna. I don’t know who else in Wichita is a particularly large company. And I’m going to go ahead and guess that Cessna doesn’t care about this law. And the lobbyist did mention we’ve heard a lot from our members about this one. And I was like, yeah, I bet I can tell you which one.</span></span></span></span></span></span></font></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">Of the other bills, there’s one in Montana. That law is being supported again by trade associations that represent many of the usual suspects, TransCanada, Enbridge, Exxon Mobil. It’s the but it’s being done through groups that are not quite so, obviously. So in Montana, one of the groups that is supporting the anti protest law is called the Treasure State Resource Association of Montana State Resource Association, it turns out, represents oil and gas companies, among among others. I saw the American Chemistry Council is in there. Enbridge and Exxon Mobil are members in Montana Petroleum Association, also supporting the bill in Montana. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">And I believe it’s pretty much the same oil companies that are the members of the Montana Petroleum Association as well. The other states that are considering bills, Alabama and Arkansas. In Alabama, that bill has not yet moved. Arkansas’s bill has passed in the House and it’s working its way through the Senate. I could not tell you in either of those states who is advocating for it. If those states disclose that information, I haven’t been able to find it. They certainly don’t disclose it. And lobbying registrations, although I can’t say that Coke is registered to lobby in both of those states. I noticed. </span></font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 102);">And then the the kind of outlier, the state that I’m afraid will take a little too much interest for some of the wrong reasons is Illinois because a Democrat is sponsoring the bill in Illinois, and that has been the situation in Illinois since the beginning. So in Illinois as well as Wisconsin, there has been a. A different strategy than has been used in most other states, and that is the oil industry appeals to local trade unions, to the messaging in their hands. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">This is exactly what happened in Wisconsin. I’m not sure about Illinois. </span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 204, 102);">The American Petroleum Institute put messaging and talking points into the hands of the local trade unions who then lobbied Democrats in the legislature and championed the law that passed in Wisconsin and Illinois.</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> </span></font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">I suspect the trend is similar because just in the last 36 hours, in addition to Enbridge and the American Petroleum Institute and some Illinois based lobbying organizations, there are a lot of trade unions that have just signed on in support of the bill in Illinois. They’re supposed to be hearing today. And I heard that this bill was taken out of the calendar for discussion. I don’t I don’t know why I don’t have more details, but, yeah, it means I have no idea what direction the bill is heading towards. I don’t know if that indicates some sort of conflict or stall or if it’s just a there was some procedural reason why they delayed. But I would keep my eyes out for Illinois. They tried to pass a law in twenty nineteen. It went through one of the legislative chambers, but not the other. And and I’m sure they’re going to try and fight like hell again this year to get a law on the books, because this is a third year in the row that they’ve they’ve tried pushing bills in Illinois.</span></font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: 700; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;">Amy Westervelt: </span>Hmm. That’s interesting.</font></span></span></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 1.1em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 1.4em; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: break-word; overflow-wrap: break-word; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">Okay thank you so much for spending spending this time with me.</font></span></span></span></p></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">
</font></em></em></em></div><div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: large;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; vertical-align: baseline;"><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">=</font></em></em></em></div></div><div><font size="4" face="Times New Roman">===</font></div></div></div>